1
|
Sogutlu F, Pekerbas M, Biray Avci C. Epigenetic signatures in gastric cancer: current knowledge and future perspectives. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:1063-1075. [PMID: 36522183 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2159381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world and accounts for 7.7% of all cancer-related deaths. Early diagnosis of GC is critical in terms of prognosis, and aberrations at the molecular level, especially epigenetic alterations, manifest much earlier than histological findings. In recent years, there has been a great deal of research on the epigenomic profile of GC, and epigenetic alterations seem to play a more important role than genetic factors. With the introduction of epigenetic drugs into clinical use in the last decade, the importance of the epigenetic background of GC has increased considerably. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize the role of methylation changes, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of GC and how these signatures can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in clinical management. EXPERT OPINION Epigenetic alterations take place before most genetic aberrations observed in GC and may have an initiating role in the pathogenesis of GC. They can be used as biomarkers in risk calculation, early diagnosis, and evaluation of prognosis of GC, as well as treatment targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Sogutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mert Pekerbas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeng Y, Rong H, Xu J, Cao R, Li S, Gao Y, Cheng B, Zhou T. DNA Methylation: An Important Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Gastric Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:823905. [PMID: 35309131 PMCID: PMC8931997 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.823905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a very common malignancy with a poor prognosis, and its occurrence and development are closely related to epigenetic modifications. Methylation of DNA before or during gastric cancer is an interesting research topic. This article reviews the studies on DNA methylation related to the cause, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of gastric cancer and aims to find cancer biomarkers to solve major human health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huimin Rong
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruyue Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanjing Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Baoquan Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luviano N, Lopez M, Gawehns F, Chaparro C, Arimondo PB, Ivanovic S, David P, Verhoeven K, Cosseau C, Grunau C. The methylome of Biomphalaria glabrata and other mollusks: enduring modification of epigenetic landscape and phenotypic traits by a new DNA methylation inhibitor. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:48. [PMID: 34702322 PMCID: PMC8549274 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Methylcytosine (5mC) is an important epigenetic mark in eukaryotes. Little information about its role exists for invertebrates. To investigate the contribution of 5mC to phenotypic variation in invertebrates, alteration of methylation patterns needs to be produced. Here, we apply new non-nucleoside DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) to introduce aleatory changes into the methylome of mollusk species. RESULTS Flavanone inhibitor Flv1 was efficient in reducing 5mC in the freshwater snails Biomphalaria glabrata and Physa acuta, and to a lesser degree, probably due to lower stability in sea water, in the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Flv1 has no toxic effects and significantly decreased the 5mC level in the treated B. glabrata and in its offspring. Drug treatment triggers significant variation in the shell height in both generations. A reduced representation bisulfite-sequencing method called epiGBS corroborates hypomethylation effect of Flv1 in both B. glabrata generations and identifies seven Differential Methylated Regions (DMR) out of 32 found both in Flv1-exposed snails and its progeny, from which 5 were hypomethylated, demonstrating a multigenerational effect. By targeted bisulfite sequencing, we confirmed hypomethylation in a locus and show that it is associated with reduced gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Flv1 is a new and efficient DNMTi that can be used to induce transient and heritable modifications of the epigenetic landscape and phenotypic traits in mollusks, a phylum of the invertebrates in which epigenetics is understudied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelia Luviano
- IHPE, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRC, Ifremer, Univ Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Marie Lopez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
- Epigenetic Targeting of Cancer (ETaC), CNRS FRE3600, Centre de Recherche et Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Fleur Gawehns
- Bioinformatics Unit, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- IHPE, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRC, Ifremer, Univ Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- Epigenetic Targeting of Cancer (ETaC), CNRS FRE3600, Centre de Recherche et Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology (EpiChBio), Department Structural Biology and Chemistry, UMR 3523, CNRS, Institute Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Slavica Ivanovic
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrice David
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Koen Verhoeven
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Céline Cosseau
- IHPE, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRC, Ifremer, Univ Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Christoph Grunau
- IHPE, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRC, Ifremer, Univ Montpellier, Perpignan, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou WM, Liu B, Shavandi A, Li L, Song H, Zhang JY. Methylation Landscape: Targeting Writer or Eraser to Discover Anti-Cancer Drug. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:690057. [PMID: 34149432 PMCID: PMC8209422 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.690057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major global health challenge for our health system, despite the important pharmacological and therapeutic discoveries we have seen since past 5 decades. The increasing prevalence and mortality of cancer may be closely related to smoking, exposure to environmental pollution, dietary and genetic factors. Despite significant promising discoveries and developments such as cell and biotechnological therapies a new breakthrough in the medical field is needed to develop specific and effective drugs for cancer treatment. On the development of cell therapies, anti-tumor vaccines, and new biotechnological drugs that have already shown promising effects in preclinical studies. With the continuous enrichment and development of chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and its derivative technologies, epigenetic modification has gradually become a research hotspot. As key ingredients of epigenetic modification, Writers, Readers, Erasers have been gradually unveiled. Cancer has been associated with epigenetic modification especially methylation and therefore different epigenetic drugs have been developed and some of those are already undergoing clinical phase I or phase II trials, and it is believed that these drugs will certainly assist the treatment in the near future. With respect to this, an overview of anti-tumor drugs targeting modified enzymes and de-modified enzymes will be performed in order to contribute to future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Amin Shavandi
- BioMatter Unit, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hang Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jian-Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tang M, Lozano Hernandez L, Reginald-Opara JN, Svirskis D, Leung E, Wang H, Wu Z. Zebularine suppressed gemcitabine-induced senescence and improved the cellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine, augmented by liposomal co-delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120659. [PMID: 33933647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major factor driving cancer recurrence. This study investigated the potential of zebularine, a dual cytidine deaminase (CDA)/epigenetic inhibitor, to circumvent gemcitabine-resistance in pancreatic cancer using a nanomedicine co-delivery approach. The mRNA expression of key metabolic enzymes, including CDA for gemcitabine deactivation in a gemcitabine-resistant cell line Gr2000 and its parental MIA PaCa-2 was compared using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. A highly gemcitabine-resistant population (HRP) in Gr2000 were characterised for their growth pattern, β-galactosidase activity (a hallmark of senescence) and chemosensitivity to zebularine after isolation. The CDA inhibition effects of zebularine on the intracellular gemcitabine accumulation and pharmacokinetics in rats when co-delivered with pH-sensitive liposomes (pSL) were investigated. Gr2000 had a 3-time upregulated mRNA expression and enzyme activity for CDA. The HRP (28% of bulk Gr2000) were predominately senescent cells which re-proliferated following a growth arrest for a week. Zebularine suppressed the regrowth of senescent cells, meanwhile enhanced cellular gemcitabine concentration by 2-fold. When co-delivered with pSL, zebularine increased cellular gemcitabine concentration by 4-fold, and extended the half-life of gemcitabine in plasma by 22-fold in rats. In conclusion, multiple mechanisms including therapy-induced senescence were identified with gemcitabine-resistance. Co-delivery of zebularine using liposomes could provide multifaceted benefits in gemcitabine therapy for pancreatic cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingtan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Lina Lozano Hernandez
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Joy N Reginald-Opara
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The changing face of gastric cancer: epidemiologic trends and advances in novel therapies. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:390-399. [PMID: 33009508 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is an aggressive solid-tumor malignancy with poor prognosis. The epidemiologic face of gastric cancer is changing and further insight into its heterogenous immunohistopathologic nature is needed to develop personalized therapies for specific patient populations. In this review, we highlight changes in gastric cancer epidemiology with a special emphasis on racial and ethnic variations and discuss the implications of current clinical and preclinical treatment advances.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sanaei M, Kavoosi F. Investigation of the Effect of Zebularine in Comparison to and in Combination with Trichostatin A on p21Cip1/Waf1/ Sdi1, p27Kip1, p57Kip2, DNA Methyltransferases and Histone Deacetylases in Colon Cancer LS 180 Cell Line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1819-1828. [PMID: 32592383 PMCID: PMC7568903 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.6.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heart of the cell cycle regulatory machine is a group of enzymes named cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). The active form of these enzymes includes a kinase and its partner, a cyclin. The regulation of cyclin-Cdk complexes is provided by Cdk inhibitors (CKIs) such as Cip/Kip family comprising p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2. The hypermethylation and deacetylation of Cip/Kip gene family seem to be frequent in numerous cancers. It has been indicated that increased expression of DNMTs and HDACs contributes to cancer induction. Previously, we reported the effect of DNA demethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors on histone deacetylase 1, DNA methyltransferase 1, and CIP/KIP family in colon cancer. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of zebularine in comparison to and in combination with trichostatin A (TSA) on p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, p27Kip1, p57Kip2, DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, 3a and 3b) and histone deacetylases (HDAC1, 2, and 3) genes expression, cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in colon cancer LS 180 cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS The colon cancer LS 180 cell line was cultured and treated with zebularine and TSA. To determine cell viability, apoptosis, and the relative expression level of the genes, MTT assay, cell apoptosis assay, and qRT-PCR were done respectively. RESULTS Both compounds significantly inhibited cell growth, and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, both compounds increased p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2 significantly. Additionally, zebularine and TSA decreased DNMTs and HDACs gene expression respectively. CONCLUSION The zebularine and TSA can reactivate the CIP/KIP family through inhibition of DNMTs and HDACs genes activity. .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fraidoon Kavoosi
- Research Center for Non-communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu Y, Chan YT, Tan HY, Li S, Wang N, Feng Y. Epigenetic regulation in human cancer: the potential role of epi-drug in cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:79. [PMID: 32340605 PMCID: PMC7184703 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is dynamic and heritable modifications to the genome that occur independently of DNA sequence. It requires interactions cohesively with various enzymes and other molecular components. Aberrant epigenetic alterations can lead to inappropriate onset of genetic expressions and promote tumorigenesis. As the epigenetic modifiers are susceptible to extrinsic factors and reversible, they are becoming promising targets in multiple cancer therapies. Recently, various epi-drugs have been developed and implicated in clinical use. The use of epi-drugs alone, or in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy, has shown compelling outcomes, including augmentation of anti-tumoral effects, overcoming drug resistance, and activation of host immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pofulam, 000000, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yau-Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pofulam, 000000, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pofulam, 000000, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pofulam, 000000, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pofulam, 000000, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pofulam, 000000, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jing W, Song N, Liu YP, Qu XJ, Qi YF, Li C, Hou KZ, Che XF, Yang XH. DNMT3a promotes proliferation by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway and depressing apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6379-6396. [PMID: 31372043 PMCID: PMC6635825 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s201610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although aberrant DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) expression is important to the tumorigenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the role of DNMT3a in PDAC prognosis is not clarified yet due to the limited studies and lacking of underlying molecular mechanism. Methods The expression of DNMT3a was examined by immunohistochemistry in PDAC tissues. Gene expression profiles assays were conducted to explore the impact of DNMT3a on biological processes and signal pathways. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Western blotting and real-time qPCR assays were used to explore the impact of DNMT3a on expression of protein and mRNA related to cell cycle, STAT3 signaling pathway and apoptosis. Results DNMT3a was overexpressed and closely associated with poor outcomes of PDAC. DNMT3a knockdown restrained PDAC cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis in vitro. Affymetrix GeneChip Human Transcriptome Array identified that the cell cycle-related process was most significantly associated with DNMT3a. DNMT3a knockdown induced G1-S phase transition arrest by decreasing the expression of cyclin D1, which was mediated by the reduction of IL8 and the subsequent inactivation of STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, exogenous apoptosis was also promoted after DNMT3a knockdown, probably via up-regulation of DNA transcription and expression in CASP8. Conclusion These findings indicate that DNMT3a plays an important role in PDAC progression. DNMT3a may serve as a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic strategy candidate in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jing
- The First Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Juan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Zuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Norollahi SE, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Joukar F, Ghadarjani S, Mojtahedi K, Gharaei Nejad K, Hemmati H, Gharibpoor F, Khaksar R, Samadani AA. Therapeutic approach of Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in gastric adenocarcinoma; DNA methyltransferases enzymes in cancer targeted therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108958. [PMID: 31075731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) show a remarkable sub class of cancer cells population which have a potential to organize and regulate stemness properties which possess a main particular responsibility for uncontrolled growth in carcinogenesis, production of different cancers in differentiated situation and also resistancy to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Correspondingly, gastric cancer (GC) as a very serious type in cancer mortality in the world, has received a deep attention in molecular therapy recently. Besides the main characteristics of CSCs like differentiation, epithelial mesenchymal transition, self-renewal and metastasis, they are so effective in expression of stemness genes resistancy in radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this way, the regulation of epigenetic elements including DNA methylation and the performance of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) which is a notable epigenetic trait in GC, is of great importance. Inhibitors of DNA methylation are the first epigenetic drugs in cancer therapy. Considerably, recent studies indicate that low doses of DNMT inhibitors have a high potential in sustaining reduced DNA methylation and related with re-expression of silenced genes in tumorigenesis. Importantly, these certain doses have the ability to decrease the carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis in CSC populations within GC. Meaningly, the inhibition of DNMTs are able to reduce the accumulation of tumorigenic ability of GC CSCs. Furthermore, many epigenetic drugs have a great potential in cancer therapy, including histone methyltransferases, lysine demethylases, histone deacetylasesand, bromodomain and extra-terminal domain proteins and DNA methyltransferases inhibitors. In this review article, we try to focus on the therapeutic mechanism of DNMTs alongside with their impact on CSCs in GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syedeh Elham Norollahi
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shervin Ghadarjani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kourosh Mojtahedi
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kaveh Gharaei Nejad
- Skin Research Center, Dermatology Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Sardare Jangal Street, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Hemmati
- Razi Clinical Research Development Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Faeze Gharibpoor
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Roya Khaksar
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fattahi S, Golpour M, Amjadi-Moheb F, Sharifi-Pasandi M, Khodadadi P, Pilehchian-Langroudi M, Ashrafi GH, Akhavan-Niaki H. DNA methyltransferases and gastric cancer: insight into targeted therapy. Epigenomics 2018; 10:1477-1497. [PMID: 30325215 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a major health problem worldwide occupying most frequent causes of cancer-related mortality. In addition to genetic modifications, epigenetic alterations catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are a well-characterized epigenetic hallmark in gastric cancer. The reversible nature of epigenetic alterations and central role of DNA methylation in diverse biological processes provides an opportunity for using DNMT inhibitors to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. In this review, we discussed key factors or mechanisms such as SNPs, infections and genetic modifications that trigger DNMTs level modification in gastric cancer, and their potential roles in cancer progression. Finally, we focused on how inhibitors of the DNMTs can most effectively be used for the treatment of gastric cancer with multidrug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Fattahi
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 4717647745, Babol, Iran.,North Research Center, Pasteur Institute, Amol, 4615885399, Iran
| | - Monireh Golpour
- Molecular & Cell Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, 4817844718, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amjadi-Moheb
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 4717647745, Babol, Iran
| | - Marzieh Sharifi-Pasandi
- Molecular & Cell Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, 4817844718, Iran
| | - Parastesh Khodadadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 4717647745, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Gholam Hossein Ashrafi
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy & Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Cancer Theme, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 4717647745, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nucleosidic DNA demethylating epigenetic drugs – A comprehensive review from discovery to clinic. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 188:45-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
13
|
Zhang HR, Liu YC, Chen ZF, Guo J, Peng YX, Liang H. Crystal Structures, Cytotoxicity, Cell Apoptosis Mechanism, and DNA Binding of Two 8-Hydroxylquinoline Zinc(II) Complexes. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s107032841805007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
14
|
I-7ab inhibited the growth of TNBC cells via targeting HDAC3 and promoting the acetylation of p53. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:220-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
15
|
Abstract
Our understanding of the epigenetic changes occurring in gastrointestinal cancers has gained tremendous advancements in recent years, and some epigenetic biomarkers are already translated into the clinics for cancer diagnostics. In parallel, pharmacoepigenetics and pharmacoepigenomics of solid tumors are relevant novel, but emerging and promising fields. Areas covered: A comprehensive review of the literature to summarize and update the emerging field of pharmacoepigenetics and pharmacoepigenomics of gastrointestinal cancers. Expert commentary: Several epigenetic modifications have been proposed to account for interindividual variations in drug response in gastrointestinal cancers. Similarly, single-agent or combined strategies with high doses of drugs that target epigenetic modifications (epi-drugs) were scarcely tolerated by the patients, and current research has moved to their combination with standard therapies to achieve chemosensitization, radiosensitization, and immune modulation of cancerous cells. In parallel, recent genome-wide technologies are revealing the pathways that are epigenetically deregulated during cancer-acquired resistance, including those targeted by non-coding RNAs. Indeed, novel, less toxic, and more specific molecules are under investigation to specifically target those pathways. The field is rapidly expanding and gathering together information coming from these investigations has the potential to lead to clinical applications in the coming new years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lopomo
- a Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Genetics , University of Pisa, Medical School , Pisa , Italy
| | - Fabio Coppedè
- a Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of Medical Genetics , University of Pisa, Medical School , Pisa , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zebularine Treatment Induces MAGE-A11 Expression and Improves CTL Cytotoxicity Using a Novel Identified HLA-A2-restricted MAGE-A11 Peptide. J Immunother 2017; 40:211-220. [DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
17
|
Zeng XQ, Wang J, Chen SY. Methylation modification in gastric cancer and approaches to targeted epigenetic therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1921-1933. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
18
|
Ye K, Wang S, Wang J, Han H, Ma B, Yang Y. Zebularine enhances apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells by suppressing methylation of ARHI. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1851-1857. [PMID: 27685841 PMCID: PMC5198947 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ARHI is an imprinted tumor suppressor gene and its methylation suppresses ARHI transcription levels to cause the development and progression of malignant tumors. Zebularine exerts a demethylation function for tumor suppressor genes. Our study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of action of zebularine on the epigenetic modification of the ARHI gene, and whether this effect may modulate the viability and apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells. We found that zebularine inhibited the viability and promoted apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Zebularine potentiated the expression of ARHI at both the protein and mRNA level. This was related to the downregulation of methylation of ARHI caused by zebularine. Zebularine suppressed the interaction of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) with histone methyltransferase G9a, but had no effect on G9a alone. Knockdown of DNMT1 or G9a can induce a reduction of ARHI methylation. Therefore, we inferred that zebularine was likely to directly repress DNMT1 alone, but G9a was necessary to regulate the function of DNMT1 on ARHI methylation. Moreover, knockdown of ARHI rescued cell viability and apoptosis under the zebularine‐treated condition. We showed that zebularine inhibited viability and promoted apoptosis by disturbing the interaction between DNMT1 and G9a, thereby resulting in lower ARHI methylation and elevated ARHI expression in osteosarcoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaishan Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shuanke Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Andrade AF, Borges KS, Suazo VK, Geron L, Corrêa CAP, Castro-Gamero AM, de Vasconcelos EJR, de Oliveira RS, Neder L, Yunes JA, Dos Santos Aguiar S, Scrideli CA, Tone LG. The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor zebularine exerts antitumor effects and reveals BATF2 as a poor prognostic marker for childhood medulloblastoma. Invest New Drugs 2016; 35:26-36. [PMID: 27785591 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common solid tumor among pediatric patients and corresponds to 20 % of all pediatric intracranial tumors in this age group. Its treatment currently involves significant side effects. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation may contribute to its development and progression. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors have shown promising anticancer effects. The agent Zebularine acts as an inhibitor of DNA methylation and shows low toxicity and high efficacy, being a promising adjuvant agent for anti-cancer chemotherapy. Several studies have reported its effects on different types of tumors; however, there are no studies reporting its effects on MB. We analyzed its potential anticancer effects in four pediatric MB cell lines. The treatment inhibited proliferation and clonogenicity, increased the apoptosis rate and the number of cells in the S phase (p < 0.05), as well as the expression of p53, p21, and Bax, and decreased cyclin A, Survivin and Bcl-2 proteins. In addition, the combination of zebularine with the chemotherapeutic agents vincristine and cisplatin resulted in synergism and antagonism, respectively. Zebularine also modulated the activation of the SHH pathway, reducing SMO and GLI1 levels and one of its targets, PTCH1, without changing SUFU levels. A microarray analysis revealed different pathways modulated by the drug, including the Toll-Like Receptor pathway and high levels of the BATF2 gene. The low expression of this gene was associated with a worse prognosis in MB. Taken together, these data suggest that Zebularine may be a potential drug for further in vivo studies of MB treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Faria Andrade
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14048-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Kleiton Silva Borges
- Department of Pediatrics - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Kiill Suazo
- Department of Pediatrics - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lenisa Geron
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14048-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciano Neder
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Alberto Scrideli
- Department of Pediatrics - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14048-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics - Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abdelfatah E, Kerner Z, Nanda N, Ahuja N. Epigenetic therapy in gastrointestinal cancer: the right combination. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2016; 9:560-79. [PMID: 27366224 PMCID: PMC4913338 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x16644247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a relatively recent field of molecular biology that has arisen over the past 25 years. Cancer is now understood to be a disease of widespread epigenetic dysregulation that interacts extensively with underlying genetic mutations. The development of drugs targeting these processes has rapidly progressed; with several drugs already FDA approved as first-line therapy in hematological malignancies. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers possess high degrees of epigenetic dysregulation, exemplified by subtypes such as CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and the potential benefit of epigenetic therapy in these cancers is evident. The application of epigenetic drugs in solid tumors, including GI cancers, is just emerging, with increased understanding of the cancer epigenome. In this review, we provide a brief overview of cancer epigenetics and the epigenetic targets of therapy including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling. We discuss the epigenetic drugs currently in use, with a focus on DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, and explain the pharmacokinetic and mechanistic challenges in their application. We present the strategies employed in incorporating these drugs into the treatment of GI cancers, and explain the concept of the cancer stem cell in epigenetic reprogramming and reversal of chemo resistance. We discuss the most promising combination strategies in GI cancers including: (1) epigenetic sensitization to radiotherapy, (2) epigenetic sensitization to cytotoxic chemotherapy, and (3) epigenetic immune modulation and priming for immune therapy. Finally, we present preclinical and clinical trial data employing these strategies thus far in various GI cancers including colorectal, esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eihab Abdelfatah
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zachary Kerner
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nainika Nanda
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Nita Ahuja
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans St. Room 342, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cross-reacting material 197, a heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor inhibitor, reverses the chemoresistance in human cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 25:1201-10. [PMID: 25115341 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cross-reacting material 197 (CRM197), a specific HB-EGF inhibitor, has been proven to be a promising antitumor agent for ovarian cancer therapy. Our previous studies have shown that CRM197 has potent antitumor activity in human cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer. However, the relationship between CRM197 and the resistance to cisplatin remains unclear. Here, we report that CRM197 significantly reverses the resistance to cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma cell line (A2780/CDDP). We established xenograft nude mice models with A2780 and A2780/CDDP cells. Notably, we observed that CRM197 suppresses the expression of HB-EGF and epidermal growth factor receptor in A2780/CDDP cells and xenografts harboring the overexpression of HB-EGF and epidermal growth factor receptor. Experiments conducted in vitro and in vivo suggest that CRM197 markedly downregulates the expression of excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (P = 0.002) and DNA repair capacity in A2780/CDDP tumor (P < 0.001) by inactivation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling, providing novel possible mechanisms for the ability of CRM197 to restore drug sensitivity. These results suggest that CRM197 as an HB-EGF inhibitor might be a cisplatin-chemosensitizing agent for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma with resistance to cisplatin.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang HR, Huang KB, Chen ZF, Liu YC, Liu YN, Meng T, Qin QP, Zou BQ, Liang H. Cobalt(ii) 8-hydroxyquinoline complexes: structure, cytotoxicity and action mechanism. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00073h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three cobalt(ii) complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives as ligands were synthesized. They exhibited strong proliferation inhibition activity against T-24 cancer cells, which induced cancer cell apoptosis via intrinsic caspase-mitochondria pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Rong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
| | - Ke-Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin
- PR China
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin
- PR China
| | - Yan-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin
- PR China
| | - You-Nian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
| | - Ting Meng
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin
- PR China
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin
- PR China
| | - Bi-Qun Zou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin
- PR China
| | - Hong Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fulkerson CM, Dhawan D, Jones DR, Marquez VE, Jones PA, Wang Z, Wu Q, Klaunig JE, Fourez LM, Bonney PL, Knapp DW. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of the novel oral demethylating agent zebularine in laboratory and tumor bearing dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 15:226-236. [PMID: 26178438 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicity of zebularine, an oral cytidine analog with demethylating activity, in dogs. Plasma zebularine concentrations were determined by HPLC-MS/MS following an oral zebularine dose of 8 or 4 mg kg-1 . Plasma zebularine clearance was constant. Mean maximum concentration (Cmax ) was 23 ± 4.8 and 8.6 ± 1.4 µM following 8 and 4 mg kg-1 , respectively. Mean half-life was 5.7 ± 0.84 and 7.1 ± 2.1 following 8 and 4 mg kg-1 , respectively. A single 8 mg kg-1 dose was well tolerated. Daily 4 mg kg-1 treatment in three laboratory dogs resulted in grade 4 neutropenia (n = 3), grade 1 anorexia (n = 2) and grade 1 or 2 dermatologic changes (n = 2). All adverse events resolved with supportive care. A 4 mg kg-1 dose every 21 days was well tolerated. A follow-up dose escalation study is in progress with a lower starting dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Fulkerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - D Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - D R Jones
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - V E Marquez
- Center for Cancer Research, Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - P A Jones
- Van Adel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Q Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - J E Klaunig
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - L M Fourez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - P L Bonney
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - D W Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li Y, Liang J, Hou P. Hypermethylation in gastric cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 448:124-32. [PMID: 26148722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although gastric cancer (GC) is highly prevalent in China and is a leading cause of cancer-related death, major advances in early diagnostic and effective therapeutic strategies have not been made. GC patients are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and the prognosis is still poor. Over the years, many efforts have been done on exploring the pathology of GC. In particular, genome-wide analysis tools have been widely used in the detection of genetic and epigenetic alterations in GC. For example, many tumor suppressor genes have been found to be aberrantly hypermethylated in GCs, and some even in gastric precancerous lesions, suggesting a role of this molecular event in early gastric tumorigenesis. In addition, accumulating evidences have demonstrated that some hypermethylated genes can be used as potential biomarkers for detection and diagnosis of GC in biopsy specimens and non-invasive body fluids. These exciting advances provide unprecedented opportunities for the development of molecular-based novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for GC. Here, we reviewed recent findings on the promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in GC and aimed to provide better understanding of the contribution of this epigenetic event to gastric tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Junrong Liang
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu P, Pang J, Yin H, Ai S. G-quadruplex functionalized nano mesoporous silica for assay of the DNA methyltransferase activity. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 879:34-40. [PMID: 26002474 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal level of DNA methyltransferase (MTase) may cause the aberrant DNA methylation, which has been found being associated with a growing number of human diseases, so it is necessary to create a sensitive and selective method to detect DNA MTase activity. In this paper, a new type of DNA functionalized nano mesoporous silica (MSNs) was creatively introduced to the detection of DNA MTase activity with G-quadruplex as a lock for signal molecule to release. The method was carried out by designing a particular DNA which could fold into G-quadruplex and complement with probe DNA. Next, MSNs was prepared before blocking methylene blue (MB) by G-quadruplex. Probe DNA was then fixed on gold nanoparticles modified glass carbon electrode, and the material was able to be transferred to the surface of electrode by DNA hybridization. After methylation of DNA MTase and the cutting of restriction endonuclease, the electrode was transferred to phosphate buffer solution (pH 9.0) for the releasing of MB. The response of differential pulse voltammetry was obtained from the release of MB. Consequently, the difference of signals with or without methylation could prove the assay of M. SssI MTase activity. The results showed that the responses from MB increased linearly with the increasing of the M. SssI MTase concentrations from 0.28 to 50UmL(-1). The limit of detection was 0.28UmL(-1). In addition, Zebularine, a nucleoside analog of cytidine, was utilized for studying the inhibition activity of M. SssI MTase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Junling Pang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huanshun Yin
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Taian, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Shiyun Ai
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Taian, Shandong, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Acebedo AR, Amor EC, Jacinto SD. Apoptosis-inducing activity of HPLC fraction from Voacanga globosa (Blanco) Merr. on the human colon carcinoma cell. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:617-22. [PMID: 24568467 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.2.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Voacanga globosa (Blanco), a plant endemic to the Philippines, is traditionally used especially by indigenous people of Bataan in the treatment of ulcers, wounds and tumorous growths. This study aimed to provide scientific evidence to therapeutic properties by determining cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity of HPLC fractions from leaves on HCT116 human colon carcinoma and A549 human lung carcinoma cell lines. Ethanolic extraction was performed on V globosa leaves followed by hexane and ethyl acetate partitioning. Silica gel column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) produced MP1, MP2 and MP3 fractions. Cytotoxic activity of the fractions was determined through MTT assay against the cancer cell lines HCT116 and A549 and the non-cancer AA8 Chinese hamster ovarian cell line. Pro-apoptotic activities of the most active fractions were further assessed through DAPI staining, TUNEL assay and JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential assay with HCT116 cells. While the MP1 fraction exerted no significant activity against all cell lines tested, MP2 and MP3 fractions demonstrated high toxicity against HCT116 and A549 cells. The MP3 fraction induced formation of apoptotic bodies, condensed DNA and other morphological changes consistent with apoptosis of HCT116 cells and TUNEL assay showed significant increase in DNA fragmentation over time. In these cells, the MP3 fraction also induced mitochondrial membrane destabilization, which is generally associated with the beginning of apoptosis. Phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence only of saponins and terpenoids in the MP3 fraction. The results indicate that the MP3 fraction exerts cytotoxic activity on HCT116 cells via induction of apoptosis triggered by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential crucial for cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Resultay Acebedo
- Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines E-mail :
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
NAPSO TINA, FARES FUAD. Zebularine induces prolonged apoptosis effects via the caspase-3/PARP pathway in head and neck cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1971-9. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
28
|
Dai JG, Zhang ZY, Liu QX, Min JX. Mitochondrial genome microsatellite instability and copy number alteration in lung carcinomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:2393-9. [PMID: 23725147 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.4.2393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is considered a hotspot of mutations in various tumors. However, the relationship between microsatellite instability (MSI) and mtDNA copy number alterations in lung cancer has yet to be fully clarifieds. In the current study, we investigated the copy number and MSI of mitochondrial genome in lung carcinomas, as well as their significance for cancer development. METHODS The copy number and MSI of mtDNA in 37 matched lung carcinoma/adjacent histological normal lung tissue samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) assays for sequence variation, followed by sequence analysis and fluorogenic 5'-nuclease real-time PCR. Student's t test and linear regression analyses were employed to analyze the association between mtDNA copy number alterations and mitochondrial MSI (mtMSI). RESULTS The mean copy number of mtDNA in lung carcinoma tissue samples was significantly lower than that of the adjacent histologically normal lung tissue samples (p < 0.001). mtMSI was detected in 32.4% (12/37) of lung carcinoma samples. The average copy number of mtDNA in lung carcinoma samples containing mtMSI was significantly lower than that in the other lung carcinoma samples (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that mtMSI may be an early and important event in the progression of lung carcinogenesis, particularly in association with variation in mtDNA copy number.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Gang Dai
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery of Xinqiao Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|