1
|
Kant R, Manne RK, Anas M, Penugurti V, Chen T, Pan BS, Hsu CC, Lin HK. Deregulated transcription factors in cancer cell metabolisms and reprogramming. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1158-1174. [PMID: 36244530 PMCID: PMC11220368 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is an important cancer hallmark that plays a key role in cancer malignancies and therapy resistance. Cancer cells reprogram the metabolic pathways to generate not only energy and building blocks but also produce numerous key signaling metabolites to impact signaling and epigenetic/transcriptional regulation for cancer cell proliferation and survival. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which metabolic reprogramming is regulated in cancer may provide potential new strategies for cancer targeting. Recent studies suggest that deregulated transcription factors have been observed in various human cancers and significantly impact metabolism and signaling in cancer. In this review, we highlight the key transcription factors that are involved in metabolic control, dissect the crosstalk between signaling and transcription factors in metabolic reprogramming, and offer therapeutic strategies targeting deregulated transcription factors for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Kant
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Manne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Mohammad Anas
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Vasudevarao Penugurti
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Tingjin Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Marín-Hernández Á, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Pacheco-Velázquez SC, Belmont-Díaz JA, Robledo-Cadena DX, Vargas-Navarro JL, Corona de la Peña NA, Saavedra E, Moreno-Sánchez R. Transcriptional Regulation of Energy Metabolism in Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101225. [PMID: 31600993 PMCID: PMC6830338 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development, growth, and metastasis are highly regulated by several transcription regulators (TRs), namely transcription factors, oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, and protein kinases. Although TR roles in these events have been well characterized, their functions in regulating other important cancer cell processes, such as metabolism, have not been systematically examined. In this review, we describe, analyze, and strive to reconstruct the regulatory networks of several TRs acting in the energy metabolism pathways, glycolysis (and its main branching reactions), and oxidative phosphorylation of nonmetastatic and metastatic cancer cells. Moreover, we propose which possible gene targets might allow these TRs to facilitate the modulation of each energy metabolism pathway, depending on the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Norma Angélica Corona de la Peña
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogénesis, Hospital General Regional Carlos McGregor-Sánchez, México CP 03100, Mexico.
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México 14080, Mexico.
| | - Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México 14080, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pettersen IKN, Tusubira D, Ashrafi H, Dyrstad SE, Hansen L, Liu XZ, Nilsson LIH, Løvsletten NG, Berge K, Wergedahl H, Bjørndal B, Fluge Ø, Bruland O, Rustan AC, Halberg N, Røsland GV, Berge RK, Tronstad KJ. Upregulated PDK4 expression is a sensitive marker of increased fatty acid oxidation. Mitochondrion 2019; 49:97-110. [PMID: 31351920 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation is a central fueling pathway for mitochondrial ATP production. Regulation occurs through multiple nutrient- and energy-sensitive molecular mechanisms. We explored if upregulated mRNA expression of the mitochondrial enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) may be used as a surrogate marker of increased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, by indicating an overall shift from glucose to fatty acids as the preferred oxidation fuel. The association between fatty acid oxidation and PDK4 expression was studied in different contexts of metabolic adaption. In rats treated with the modified fatty acid tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA), Pdk4 was upregulated simultaneously with fatty acid oxidation genes in liver and heart, whereas muscle and white adipose tissue remained unaffected. In MDA-MB-231 cells, fatty acid oxidation increased nearly three-fold upon peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα, PPARA) overexpression, and four-fold upon TTA-treatment. PDK4 expression was highly increased under these conditions. Further, overexpression of PDK4 caused increased fatty acid oxidation in these cells. Pharmacological activators of PPARα and AMPK had minor effects, while the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin potentiated the effect of TTA. There were minor changes in mitochondrial respiration, glycolytic function, and mitochondrial biogenesis under conditions of increased fatty acid oxidation. TTA was found to act as a mild uncoupler, which is likely to contribute to the metabolic effects. Repeated experiments with HeLa cells supported these findings. In summary, PDK4 upregulation implies an overarching metabolic shift towards increased utilization of fatty acids as energy fuel, and thus constitutes a sensitive marker of enhanced fatty acid oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanan Ashrafi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lena Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Hege Wergedahl
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Fluge
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Bruland
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Nils Halberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Gro Vatne Røsland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf Kristian Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dechandt CRP, Vicentini TM, Lanfredi GP, Silva-Jr RMP, Espreafico EM, de Oliveira JAC, Faça VM, Garcia-Cairasco N, Alberici LC. The highly efficient powerhouse in the Wistar audiogenic rat, an epileptic rat strain. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 316:R243-R254. [PMID: 30517024 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00254.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Wistar audiogenic rat (WAR) is an animal model of tonic-clonic epileptic seizures, developed after genetic selection by sister × brother inbreeding of Wistar rats susceptible to sound stimuli. Although metabolic changes have been described in this strain, nothing is known about its mitochondrial metabolism. Here, we addressed mitochondrial aspects of oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress, biogenesis, and dynamics in liver, skeletal muscle, and heart of male WARs and correlating them with physiological aspects of body metabolism. The results showed higher mitochondrial content, respiration rates in phosphorylation and noncoupled states, and H2O2 production in WARs. Liver presented higher content of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and mammalian target of rapamycin, proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis. In agreement, isolated liver mitochondria from WARs showed higher respiration rates in phosphorylation state and ADP-to-O ratio, as well as higher content of proteins related to electron transport chain ATP synthase, TCA cycle, and mitochondrial fusion and fission compared with their Wistar counterparts. Mitochondria with higher area and perimeter and more variable shapes were found in liver and soleus from WARs in addition to lower reduced-to-oxidized glutathione ratio. In vivo, WARs demonstrated lower body mass and energy expenditure but higher food and water intake and amino acid oxidation. When exposed to a running test, WARs reached higher speed and resisted for a longer time and distance than their Wistar controls. In conclusion, the WAR strain has mitochondrial changes in liver, skeletal muscle, and heart that improve its mitochondrial capacity of ATP production, making it an excellent rat model to study PGC1α overexpression and mitochondrial function in different physiological conditions or facing pathological challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roberto Porto Dechandt
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Tatiane M Vicentini
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pauperio Lanfredi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Rui M P Silva-Jr
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Enilza Maria Espreafico
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - José A Cortes de Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Marcel Faça
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lindquist C, Bjørndal B, Rossmann CR, Tusubira D, Svardal A, Røsland GV, Tronstad KJ, Hallström S, Berge RK. Increased hepatic mitochondrial FA oxidation reduces plasma and liver TG levels and is associated with regulation of UCPs and APOC-III in rats. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1362-1373. [PMID: 28473603 PMCID: PMC5496034 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m074849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic mitochondrial function, APOC-III, and LPL are potential targets for triglyceride (TG)-lowering drugs. After 3 weeks of dietary treatment with the compound 2-(tridec-12-yn-1-ylthio)acetic acid (1-triple TTA), the hepatic mitochondrial FA oxidation increased more than 5-fold in male Wistar rats. Gene expression analysis in liver showed significant downregulation of APOC-III and upregulation of LPL and the VLDL receptor. This led to lower hepatic (53%) and plasma (73%) TG levels. Concomitantly, liver-specific biomarkers related to mitochondrial biogenesis and function (mitochondrial DNA, citrate synthase activity, and cytochrome c and TFAM gene expression) were elevated. Interestingly, 1-triple TTA lowered plasma acetylcarnitine levels, whereas the concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate was increased. The hepatic energy state was reduced in 1-triple TTA-treated rats, as reflected by increased AMP/ATP and decreased ATP/ADP ratios, whereas the energy state remained unchanged in muscle and heart. The 1-triple TTA administration induced gene expression of uncoupling protein (UCP)2 and UCP3 in liver. In conclusion, the 1-triple TTA-mediated clearance of blood TG may result from lowered APOC-III production, increased hepatic LPL gene expression, mitochondrial FA oxidation, and (re)uptake of VLDL facilitating drainage of FAs to the liver for β-oxidation and production of ketone bodies as extrahepatic fuel. The possibility that UCP2 and UCP3 mediate a moderate degree of mitochondrial uncoupling should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carine Lindquist
- Departments of Clinical Science University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Departments of Clinical Science University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Asbjørn Svardal
- Departments of Clinical Science University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Kristian Berge
- Departments of Clinical Science University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang M, Xv GH, Wang WX, Meng DJ, Ji Y. Electroacupuncture improves cognitive deficits and activates PPAR-γ in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Acupunct Med 2016; 35:44-51. [PMID: 27401747 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2015-010972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with a progressive impairment of cognition. Acupuncture has protective effects, although the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) has an impact on the pathogenesis of AD. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that electroacupuncture (EA) confers therapeutic benefits through activation of PPAR-γ in a rat model of AD. METHODS 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=20 each): Control (healthy control group), Sham (sham-operated group), AD (untreated AD model group), and AD+EA (AD model group treated with EA). The AD model was induced in the latter two groups by injection of amyloid-β (Aβ)1-40 into the hippocampal CA1 area bilaterally. EA was administered at GV20 and BL23 six times per week for 4 weeks. The rats' behaviour was examined using the Morris water maze test, and protein expression of Aβ, hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-Tau), PPAR-γ, and hyperphosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in the hippocampal CA1 region was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS EA significantly improved cognitive deficits and reduced Aβ and p-Tau Ser404 protein concentrations in the hippocampal CA1 region. AD decreased PPAR-γ and increased p-p38MAPK, while EA significantly upregulated PPAR-γ expression and significantly downregulated p-p38MAPK expression. CONCLUSIONS Acupuncture at GV20 and BL23 might have a beneficial effect on rats with AD via activation of PPAR-γ and inhibition of p-p38MAPK expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Nursing College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gui-Hua Xv
- Nursing College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Di-Juan Meng
- Nursing College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Ji
- Nursing College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A new live-cell reporter strategy to simultaneously monitor mitochondrial biogenesis and morphology. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17217. [PMID: 26596249 PMCID: PMC4657046 DOI: 10.1038/srep17217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial amount and shape are intimately linked to maintenance of cell homeostasis via adaptation of vital functions. Here, we developed a new live-cell reporter strategy to simultaneously monitor mitochondrial biogenesis and morphology. This was achieved by making a genetic reporter construct where a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), controls expression of mitochondria targeted green fluorescent protein (mitoGFP). HeLa cells with the reporter construct demonstrated inducible expression of mitoGFP upon activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) with AICAR. We established stable reporter cells where the mitoGFP reporter activity corresponded with mitochondrial biogenesis both in magnitude and kinetics, as confirmed by biochemical markers and confocal microscopy. Quantitative 3D image analysis confirmed accordant increase in mitochondrial biomass, in addition to filament/network promoting and protecting effects on mitochondrial morphology, after treatment with AICAR. The level of mitoGFP reversed upon removal of AICAR, in parallel with decrease in mtDNA. In summary, we here present a new GFP-based genetic reporter strategy to study mitochondrial regulation and dynamics in living cells. This combinatorial reporter concept can readily be transferred to other cell models and contexts to address specific physiological mechanisms.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zolezzi JM, Bastías-Candia S, Santos MJ, Inestrosa NC. Alzheimer's disease: relevant molecular and physiopathological events affecting amyloid-β brain balance and the putative role of PPARs. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:176. [PMID: 25120477 PMCID: PMC4112937 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of age-related dementia. With the expected aging of the human population, the estimated morbidity of AD suggests a critical upcoming health problem. Several lines of research are focused on understanding AD pathophysiology, and although the etiology of the disease remains a matter of intense debate, increased brain levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) appear to be a critical event in triggering a wide range of molecular alterations leading to AD. It has become evident in recent years that an altered balance between production and clearance is responsible for the accumulation of brain Aβ. Moreover, Aβ clearance is a complex event that involves more than neurons and microglia. The status of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and choroid plexus, along with hepatic functionality, should be considered when Aβ balance is addressed. Furthermore, it has been proposed that exposure to sub-toxic concentrations of metals, such as copper, could both directly affect these secondary structures and act as a seeding or nucleation core that facilitates Aβ aggregation. Recently, we have addressed peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)-related mechanisms, including the direct modulation of mitochondrial dynamics through the PPARγ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) axis and the crosstalk with critical aging- and neurodegenerative-related cellular pathways. In the present review, we revise the current knowledge regarding the molecular aspects of Aβ production and clearance and provide a physiological context that gives a more complete view of this issue. Additionally, we consider the different structures involved in AD-altered Aβ brain balance, which could be directly or indirectly affected by a nuclear receptor (NR)/PPAR-related mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Zolezzi
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá Arica, Chile
| | - Sussy Bastías-Candia
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá Arica, Chile
| | - Manuel J Santos
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes Punta Arenas, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lipina C, Irving AJ, Hundal HS. Mitochondria: a possible nexus for the regulation of energy homeostasis by the endocannabinoid system? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E1-13. [PMID: 24801388 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00100.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates numerous cellular and physiological processes through the activation of receptors targeted by endogenously produced ligands called endocannabinoids. Importantly, this signaling system is known to play an important role in modulating energy balance and glucose homeostasis. For example, current evidence indicates that the ECS becomes overactive during obesity whereby its central and peripheral stimulation drives metabolic processes that mimic the metabolic syndrome. Herein, we examine the role of the ECS in modulating the function of mitochondria, which play a pivotal role in maintaining cellular and systemic energy homeostasis, in large part due to their ability to tightly coordinate glucose and lipid utilization. Because of this, mitochondrial dysfunction is often associated with peripheral insulin resistance and glucose intolerance as well as the manifestation of excess lipid accumulation in the obese state. This review aims to highlight the different ways through which the ECS may impact upon mitochondrial abundance and/or oxidative capacity and, where possible, relate these findings to obesity-induced perturbations in metabolic function. Furthermore, we explore the potential implications of these findings in terms of the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders and how these may be used to strategically develop therapies targeting the ECS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lipina
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Irving
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Harinder S Hundal
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duluc L, Jacques C, Soleti R, Andriantsitohaina R, Simard G. Delphinidin inhibits VEGF induced-mitochondrial biogenesis and Akt activation in endothelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:9-14. [PMID: 24792670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Delphinidin, an anthocyanin present in red wine, has been reported to exert vasculoprotective properties on endothelial cells, including vasorelaxing and anti-apoptotic effects. Moreover, delphinidin treatment in a rat model of post-ischemic neovascularization has been described to exert anti-angiogenic property. Angiogenesis is an energetic process and VEGF-induced angiogenesis is associated with mitochondrial biogenesis. However, whether delphinidin induces changes in mitochondrial biogenesis has never been addressed. Effects of delphinidin were investigated in human endothelial cells at a concentration described to be anti-angiogenic in vitro (10(-2)g/l). mRNA expression of mitochondrial biogenesis factors, mitochondrial respiration, DNA content and enzyme activities were assessed after 48 h of stimulation. Delphinidin increased mRNA expression of several mitochondrial biogenesis factors, including NRF1, ERRα, Tfam, Tfb2m and PolG but did not affect neither mitochondrial respiration, DNA content nor enzyme activities. In presence of delphinidin, VEGF failed to increase mitochondrial respiration, DNA content, complex IV activity and Akt activation in endothelial cells. These results suggest a possible association between inhibition of VEGF-induced mitochondrial biogenesis through Akt pathway by delphinidin and its anti-angiogenic effect, providing a novel mechanism sustaining the beneficial effect of delphinidin against pathologies associated with excessive angiogenesis such as cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Duluc
- LUNAM, Inserm U1063, F-49100 Angers, France; UFR Médecine, Université d'Angers, rue haute de Reculée, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Caroline Jacques
- LUNAM, Inserm U1063, F-49100 Angers, France; UFR Médecine, Université d'Angers, rue haute de Reculée, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Raffaella Soleti
- LUNAM, Inserm U1063, F-49100 Angers, France; UFR Médecine, Université d'Angers, rue haute de Reculée, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- LUNAM, Inserm U1063, F-49100 Angers, France; UFR Médecine, Université d'Angers, rue haute de Reculée, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Gilles Simard
- LUNAM, Inserm U1063, F-49100 Angers, France; UFR Médecine, Université d'Angers, rue haute de Reculée, F-49045 Angers, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, IBS, PBH, CHU d'Angers, rue Larrey, F-49033 Angers, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bjørndal B, Brattelid T, Strand E, Vigerust NF, Svingen GFT, Svardal A, Nygård O, Berge RK. Fish oil and the pan-PPAR agonist tetradecylthioacetic acid affect the amino acid and carnitine metabolism in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66926. [PMID: 23826175 PMCID: PMC3691320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are important in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Recent studies have shown that PPARα-activation by WY 14,643 regulates the metabolism of amino acids. We investigated the effect of PPAR activation on plasma amino acid levels using two PPARα activators with different ligand binding properties, tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) and fish oil, where the pan-PPAR agonist TTA is a more potent ligand than omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, plasma L-carnitine esters were investigated to reflect cellular fatty acid catabolism. Male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were fed a high-fat (25% w/w) diet including TTA (0.375%, w/w), fish oil (10%, w/w) or a combination of both. The rats were fed for 50 weeks, and although TTA and fish oil had hypotriglyceridemic effects in these animals, only TTA lowered the body weight gain compared to high fat control animals. Distinct dietary effects of fish oil and TTA were observed on plasma amino acid composition. Administration of TTA led to increased plasma levels of the majority of amino acids, except arginine and lysine, which were reduced. Fish oil however, increased plasma levels of only a few amino acids, and the combination showed an intermediate or TTA-dominated effect. On the other hand, TTA and fish oil additively reduced plasma levels of the L-carnitine precursor γ-butyrobetaine, as well as the carnitine esters acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine, valeryl/isovalerylcarnitine, and octanoylcarnitine. These data suggest that while both fish oil and TTA affect lipid metabolism, strong PPARα activation is required to obtain effects on amino acid plasma levels. TTA and fish oil may influence amino acid metabolism through different metabolic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|