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Hussain MS, Moglad E, Afzal M, Gupta G, Hassan Almalki W, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Kukreti N, Gupta S, Kumar D, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Dua K. Non-coding RNA mediated regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma: Therapeutic perspectives. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 258:155303. [PMID: 38728793 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the primary reasons for fatalities caused by cancer globally, highlighting the need for comprehensive knowledge of its molecular aetiology to develop successful treatment approaches. The PI3K/Akt system is essential in the course of HCC, rendering it an intriguing candidate for treatment. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are important mediators of the PI3K/Akt network in HCC. The article delves into the complex regulatory functions of ncRNAs in influencing the PI3K/Akt system in HCC. The study explores how lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs impact the expression as well as the function of the PI3K/Akt network, either supporting or preventing HCC growth. Additionally, treatment strategies focusing on ncRNAs in HCC are examined, such as antisense oligonucleotide-based methods, RNA interference, and small molecule inhibitor technologies. Emphasizing the necessity of ensuring safety and effectiveness in clinical settings, limitations, and future approaches in using ncRNAs as therapies for HCC are underlined. The present study offers useful insights into the complex regulation system of ncRNAs and the PI3K/Akt cascade in HCC, suggesting possible opportunities for developing innovative treatment approaches to address this lethal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Chameli Devi Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Khandwa Road, Village Umrikheda, Near Toll Booth, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452020, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
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2
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The Role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032652. [PMID: 36768977 PMCID: PMC9916527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Metabolic reprogramming is considered a new hallmark of cancer, but it remains unclearly described in HCC. The dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is common in HCC and is, therefore, a topic of further research and the concern of developing a novel target for liver cancer therapy. In this review, we illustrate mechanisms by which this signaling network is accountable for regulating HCC cellular metabolism, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and oxidative metabolism, and summarize the ongoing clinical trials based on the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in HCC.
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3
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Koch PA, Dornan GL, Hessenberger M, Haucke V. The molecular mechanisms mediating class II PI 3-kinase function in cell physiology. FEBS J 2021; 288:7025-7042. [PMID: 33387369 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family of lipid-modifying enzymes plays vital roles in cell signaling and membrane trafficking through the production of 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides. Numerous studies have analyzed the structure and function of class I and class III PI3Ks. In contrast, we know comparably little about the structure and physiological functions of the class II enzymes. Only recent studies have begun to unravel their roles in development, endocytic and endolysosomal membrane dynamics, signal transduction, and cell migration, while the mechanisms that control their localization and enzymatic activity remain largely unknown. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of the class II PI3Ks and outline open questions related to their structure, enzymatic activity, and their physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Alexander Koch
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Hessenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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4
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Mucke HA. Drug Repurposing Patent Applications July–September 2018. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018; 16:472-477. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2018.29083.pq3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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5
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Awad A, Gassama-Diagne A. PI3K/SHIP2/PTEN pathway in cell polarity and hepatitis C virus pathogenesis. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:18-29. [PMID: 28105255 PMCID: PMC5220268 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects hepatocytes, polarized cells in the liver. Chronic HCV infection often leads to steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it has been identified as the leading cause of liver transplantation worldwide. The HCV replication cycle is dependent on lipid metabolism and particularly an accumulation of lipid droplets in host cells. Phosphoinositides (PIs) are minor phospholipids enriched in different membranes and their levels are tightly regulated by specific PI kinases and phosphatases. PIs are implicated in a vast array of cellular responses that are central to morphogenesis, such as cytoskeletal changes, cytokinesis and the recruitment of downstream effectors to govern mechanisms involved in polarization and lumen formation. Important reviews of the literature identified phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 4-kinases, and their lipid products PtdIns(4)P, as critical regulators of the HCV life cycle. SH2-containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (SHIP2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and their lipid products PtdIns(3,4)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, respectively, play an important role in the cell membrane and are key to the establishment of apicobasal polarity and lumen formation. In this review, we will focus on these new functions of PI3K and SHIP2, and their deregulation by HCV, causing a disruption of apicobasal polarity, actin organization and extracellular matrix assembly. Finally we will highlight the involvement of this pathway in the event of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease related to HCV infection.
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Sabha N, Volpatti JR, Gonorazky H, Reifler A, Davidson AE, Li X, Eltayeb NM, Dall'Armi C, Di Paolo G, Brooks SV, Buj-Bello A, Feldman EL, Dowling JJ. PIK3C2B inhibition improves function and prolongs survival in myotubular myopathy animal models. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3613-25. [PMID: 27548528 DOI: 10.1172/jci86841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotubular myopathy (MTM) is a devastating pediatric neuromuscular disorder of phosphoinositide (PIP) metabolism resulting from mutations of the PIP phosphatase MTM1 for which there are no treatments. We have previously shown phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) accumulation in animal models of MTM. Here, we tested the hypothesis that lowering PI3P levels may prevent or reverse the MTM disease process. To test this, we targeted class II and III PI3 kinases (PI3Ks) in an MTM1-deficient mouse model. Muscle-specific ablation of Pik3c2b, but not Pik3c3, resulted in complete prevention of the MTM phenotype, and postsymptomatic targeting promoted a striking rescue of disease. We confirmed this genetic interaction in zebrafish, and additionally showed that certain PI3K inhibitors prevented development of the zebrafish mtm phenotype. Finally, the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin improved motor function and prolonged lifespan of the Mtm1-deficient mice. In all, we have identified Pik3c2b as a genetic modifier of Mtm1 mutation and demonstrated that PIK3C2B inhibition is a potential treatment strategy for MTM. In addition, we set the groundwork for similar reciprocal inhibition approaches for treating other PIP metabolic disorders and highlight the importance of modifier gene pathways as therapeutic targets.
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Akil A, Peng J, Omrane M, Gondeau C, Desterke C, Marin M, Tronchère H, Taveneau C, Sar S, Briolotti P, Benjelloun S, Benjouad A, Maurel P, Thiers V, Bressanelli S, Samuel D, Bréchot C, Gassama-Diagne A. Septin 9 induces lipid droplets growth by a phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate and microtubule-dependent mechanism hijacked by HCV. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12203. [PMID: 27417143 PMCID: PMC4947189 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of lipid droplets (LD) is frequently observed in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and represents an important risk factor for the development of liver steatosis and cirrhosis. The mechanisms of LD biogenesis and growth remain open questions. Here, transcriptome analysis reveals a significant upregulation of septin 9 in HCV-induced cirrhosis compared with the normal liver. HCV infection increases septin 9 expression and induces its assembly into filaments. Septin 9 regulates LD growth and perinuclear accumulation in a manner dependent on dynamic microtubules. The effects of septin 9 on LDs are also dependent on binding to PtdIns5P, which, in turn, controls the formation of septin 9 filaments and its interaction with microtubules. This previously undescribed cooperation between PtdIns5P and septin 9 regulates oleate-induced accumulation of LDs. Overall, our data offer a novel route for LD growth through the involvement of a septin 9/PtdIns5P signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Akil
- INSERM, Unité 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,Laboratoire des Hépatites Virales, Département de Virologie. Institut Pasteur du Maroc, BP 20360 Casablanca, Maroc.,Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Biochimie-Immunologie, Univ. Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Juan Peng
- INSERM, Unité 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif F-94800, France
| | - Mohyeddine Omrane
- INSERM, Unité 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif F-94800, France
| | - Claire Gondeau
- INSERM U1183, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France.,Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology A, Hospital Saint Eloi, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Mickaël Marin
- INSERM, Unité 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Hélène Tronchère
- INSERM U1048, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Cyntia Taveneau
- Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale CNRS UPR 3296 - INRA UsC 1358, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sokhavuth Sar
- INSERM, Unité 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Briolotti
- INSERM U1183, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France.,Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology A, Hospital Saint Eloi, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Soumaya Benjelloun
- Laboratoire des Hépatites Virales, Département de Virologie. Institut Pasteur du Maroc, BP 20360 Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Abdelaziz Benjouad
- Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Biochimie-Immunologie, Univ. Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc.,Univ. Internationale de Rabat, Sala Al Jadida, Maroc
| | - Patrick Maurel
- INSERM U1183, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France.,Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology A, Hospital Saint Eloi, CHRU, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Stéphane Bressanelli
- Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale CNRS UPR 3296 - INRA UsC 1358, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Didier Samuel
- INSERM, Unité 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif F-94800, France.,AP-HP Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif F-94800, France
| | - Christian Bréchot
- INSERM, Unité 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Ama Gassama-Diagne
- INSERM, Unité 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,University of Paris-Sud, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif F-94800, France
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8
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New insight into the intracellular roles of class II phosphoinositide 3-kinases. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:1378-82. [PMID: 25233418 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, an increased attention to class II isoforms of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) has emerged, mainly fuelled by evidence suggesting a distinct non-redundant role for these enzymes compared with other PI3Ks. Despite this renewed interest, many questions remain on the specific functions regulated by these isoforms and their mechanism of activation and action. In the present review, we discuss results from recent studies that have provided some answers to these questions.
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9
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Mountford SJ, Zheng Z, Sundaram K, Jennings IG, Hamilton JR, Thompson PE. Class II but Not Second Class-Prospects for the Development of Class II PI3K Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:3-6. [PMID: 25589915 DOI: 10.1021/ml500354e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Class II PI3 kinases are emerging from the shadows of their Class I cousins. The data emerging from PIK3C2 genetic modification studies and from siRNA knockdown suggest important roles in physiology and pathology. With some well-studied Class I isoform inhibitors showing strong Class II activity and a wealth of crystallographic information available, the structural similarity of these isoforms to Class I provides both the opportunity and the challenge in design of selective pharmacological inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Mountford
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Zhaohua Zheng
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Australian
Centre for Blood Diseases and Department of Clinical Haematology,
L6, Monash University, 89 Commerical Road, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia
| | - Krithika Sundaram
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ian G. Jennings
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Justin R. Hamilton
- Australian
Centre for Blood Diseases and Department of Clinical Haematology,
L6, Monash University, 89 Commerical Road, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia
| | - Philip E. Thompson
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Liu YJ, Zhou Y, Yeh MM. Recurrent genetic alterations in hepatitis C-associated hepatocellular carcinoma detected by genomic microarray: a genetic, clinical and pathological correlation study. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:81. [PMID: 25469175 PMCID: PMC4251858 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-014-0081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the US, approximately 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is caused by hepatitis-C virus (HCV) infection. The molecular mechanism of a malignant transformation of hepatocyte induced by HCV infection is still largely unclear. There are several clinical and pathological staging systems for HCC, but none of them include biological parameters as predictors for prognosis and there has not been a standardized molecular classification of HCC. To understand the underlying pathogenic genetic alterations in HCV-associated HCC and aid in molecular classification of HCC and patient prognosis, microarray analysis of DNA copy number alterations in HCC were conducted using whole genome microarray with DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens of both cancer tissues and paired nearby cirrhotic non-neoplastic tissues. Results Our results show that the most common chromosomal aberrations (>5 Mb) observed in HCC were chromosomal gains of 1q (80%), 8q (60%), 7q (40%), 5p (33%), 7p (33%), Xq (33%), 5q (27%), and Xp (20%), as well as chromosome losses of 17p (40%), 4q21.21-q26 (33%), 8p (33%), 1p36.11-pter (20%), and 9p (20%). Statistically significant smaller copy number alterations (3.9 kb to 644 kb) were identified using STAC algorithm, including losses of FGFR3, RECQL4, NOTCH1, PTEN, TSC2, and/or ASPSCR1 and gains of ETV1and/or MAF. Correlation analysis between genetic data and pathological data showed that gain of 1q21.1-q23.2 and gain of 8q11.1q13.1 are significantly associated with grade 2–4 and moderately or poorly differentiated HCCs, and gain of chromosome 5q was significantly associated with HCCs with vascular invasion, while gain of chromosome 7q is significantly associated with stage I HCCs. Conclusions This study has provided a detailed map of genomic aberrations occurring in HCV-associated HCC and has suggested candidate genes. In addition, gene enrichment analysis on the recurrent abnormal regions indicated NF- kappaB and BMP signaling pathways in HCC development and progression. This study demonstrated that genomic microarray test can be used to distinguish HCC from non- neoplastic cirrhotic nodules and to identify prognostic factors associated with HCC progression using pathologically characterized FFPE samples. Our data support the utility of genomic microarray test for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and pathogenic studies of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan J Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Matthew M Yeh
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357470, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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