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Sun Z, Peng X, Zhao L, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Wang L, Kang B. From tissue lesions to neurotoxicity: The devastating effects of small-sized nanoplastics on red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173238. [PMID: 38750760 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastic pollution typically exhibits more biotoxicity to marine organisms than microplastic pollution. Limited research exists on the toxic effects of small-sized nanoplastics on marine fish, especially regarding their post-exposure resilience. In this study, red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) were exposed to small-sized polystyrene nanoplastics (30 nm, PS-NPs) for 7 days for the exposure experiments, followed by 14 days of recovery experiments. Histologically, hepatic lipid droplets and branchial epithelial liftings were the primary lesions induced by PS-NPs during both exposure and recovery periods. The inhibition of total superoxide dismutase activity and the accumulation of malondialdehyde content throughout the exposure and recovery periods. Transcriptional and metabolic regulation revealed that PS-NPs induced lipid metabolism disorders and DNA damage during the initial 1-2 days of exposure periods, followed by immune responses and neurotoxicity in the later stages (4-7 days). During the early recovery stages (2-7 days), lipid metabolism and cell cycle were activated, while in the later recovery stage (14 days), the emphasis shifted to lipid metabolism and energy metabolism. Persistent histological lesions, changes in antioxidant capacity, and fluctuations in gene and metabolite expression were observed even after 14 days of recovery periods, highlighting the severe biotoxicity of small-sized PS-NPs to marine fish. In summary, small-sized PS-NPs have severe biotoxicity, causing tissue lesions, oxidative damage, lipid metabolism disorders, DNA damage, immune responses, and neurotoxicity in red drum. This study offers valuable insights into the toxic effects and resilience of small-sized nanoplastics on marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China; Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Marine Academy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 315613, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yugui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China; Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Linlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China; Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China; Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
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Wang Z, Su C, Zhang Y, Shangguan S, Wang R, Su J. Key enzymes involved in the utilization of fatty acids by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a review. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1294182. [PMID: 38274755 PMCID: PMC10808364 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1294182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a eukaryotic organism with a clear genetic background and mature gene operating system; in addition, it exhibits environmental tolerance. Therefore, S. cerevisiae is one of the most commonly used organisms for the synthesis of biological chemicals. The investigation of fatty acid catabolism in S. cerevisiae is crucial for the synthesis and accumulation of fatty acids and their derivatives, with β-oxidation being the predominant pathway responsible for fatty acid metabolism in this organism, occurring primarily within peroxisomes. The latest research has revealed distinct variations in β-oxidation among different fatty acids, primarily attributed to substrate preferences and disparities in the metabolic regulation of key enzymes involved in the S. cerevisiae fatty acid metabolic pathway. The synthesis of lipids, on the other hand, represents another crucial metabolic pathway for fatty acids. The present paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research on the key factors influencing the efficiency of fatty acid utilization, encompassing β-oxidation and lipid synthesis pathways. Additionally, we discuss various approaches for modifying β-oxidation to enhance the synthesis of fatty acids and their derivatives in S. cerevisiae, aiming to offer theoretical support and serve as a valuable reference for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunli Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yisang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sifan Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
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Prado LG, Camara NOS, Barbosa AS. Cell lipid biology in infections: an overview. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1148383. [PMID: 37868347 PMCID: PMC10587689 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1148383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a big family of molecules with a vast number of functions in the cell membranes, within the cytoplasm, and extracellularly. Lipid droplets (LDs) are the most common storage organelles and are present in almost every tissue type in the body. They also have structural functions serving as building blocks of cellular membranes and may be precursors of other molecules such as hormones, and lipoproteins, and as messengers in signal transduction. Fatty acids (FAs), such as sterol esters and triacylglycerols, are stored in LDs and are used in β-oxidation as fuel for tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation. FA uptake and entrance in the cytoplasm are mediated by membrane receptors. After a cytoplasmic round of α- and β-oxidation, FAs are guided into the mitochondrial matrix by the L-carnitine shuttle system, where they are fully metabolized, and enter the TCA cycle. Pathogen infections may lead to impaired lipid metabolism, usage of membrane phospholipids, and LD accumulation in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Otherwise, bacterial pathogens may use lipid metabolism as a carbon source, thus altering the reactions and leading to cellular and organelles malfunctioning. This review aims to describe cellular lipid metabolism and alterations that occur upon infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Gavião Prado
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia de Transplantes, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chen Y, Zhao Y, Deng Y, Yang Y, Xu L, Fu J. FATP2 regulates non-small cell lung cancer by mediating lipid metabolism through ACSL1. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102105. [PMID: 37172427 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is believed to play an important role in cancer. This study aimed to investigate the role and possible mechanism of fatty acid transporter protein 2 (FATP2) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). FATP2 expression and its relationship with NSCLC prognosis were analyzed using the TCGA database. The si-RNA was used to intervene FATP2 in NSCLC cells, and the effects of si-FATP2 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, lipid deposition, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphology, and the proteins expressions of fatty acid metabolism and ER stress were analyzed. In addition, Co-IP analyzed the interaction between FATP2 and ACSL1, and further analyzed the possible mechanism of FATP2 in regulating lipid metabolism using pcDNA-ACSL1. Results found that FATP2 was overexpressed in NSCLC and associated with poor prognosis. Si-FATP2 significantly inhibited the proliferation and lipid metabolism of A549 and HCC827 cells, and induced ER stress to promote apoptosis. Further studies confirmed the protein interaction between FATP2 and ACSL1. Si-FATP2 and pcDNA-ACSL1 co-transfection further inhibit the proliferation and lipid deposition of NSCLS cells, and promote the decomposition of fatty acids. In conclusion, FATP2 promoted the progression of NSCLC by regulating lipid metabolism through ACSL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Chen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jianwei Fu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China.
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Korbecki J, Kojder K, Jeżewski D, Simińska D, Tomasiak P, Tarnowski M, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Reduced Expression of Very-Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetases SLC27A4 and SLC27A6 in the Glioblastoma Tumor Compared to the Peritumoral Area. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050771. [PMID: 37239243 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze solute carrier family 27 (SLC27) in glioblastoma tumors. The investigation of these proteins will provide insight into how and to what extent fatty acids are taken up from the blood in glioblastoma tumors, as well as the subsequent fate of the up-taken fatty acids. Tumor samples were collected from a total of 28 patients and analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The study also sought to explore the relationship between SLC27 expression and patient characteristics (age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and smoking history), as well as the expression levels of enzymes responsible for fatty acid synthesis. The expression of SLC27A4 and SLC27A6 was lower in glioblastoma tumors compared to the peritumoral area. Men had a lower expression of SLC27A5. Notably, a positive correlation was observed between the expression of SLC27A4, SLC27A5, and SLC27A6 and smoking history in women, whereas men exhibited a negative correlation between these SLC27s and BMI. The expression of SLC27A1 and SLC27A3 was positively correlated with the expression of ELOVL6. In comparison to healthy brain tissue, glioblastoma tumors take up fewer fatty acids. The metabolism of fatty acids in glioblastoma is dependent on factors such as obesity and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28 St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Kojder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-281 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jeżewski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Applied Neurocognitivistics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelska 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Donata Simińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Tomasiak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Wu W, Ren T, Cao X, Gao J. Hepatic transcriptome analysis reveals that elovl5 deletion promotes PUFA biosynthesis and deposition. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 46:101076. [PMID: 37080058 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The safe and low-cost acquisition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has become a research hotspot. Fatty acyl elongase 5 (Elovl5), a rate-limiting enzyme for fatty acid elongation, is principally in charge of extending C18 and C20 PUFA substrates. However, the role of elovl5 in regulating pathways and genes involved in PUFA synthesis remain largely unknown. Here, hepatic transcriptome analysis of wild-type and elovl5 knockout (elovl5-/-) zebrafish was performed to identify the potential regulatory targets related to PUFA deposition and synthesis. There were 1579 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 787 had their expression levels increased while 792 had the opposite effect. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway was considerably enriched in DEGs, according to the KEGG analysis, in which fatp2, fabp7, and pparδ were engaged in PUFA absorption and deposition. Additionally, transcriptome analysis also revealed that cyp46a1 and cyp2r1 were implicated in the synthesis of bile acids and the metabolism of vitamin D, thus indirectly participating in PUFA biosynthesis and deposition. Finally, the DEGs, which improve PUFA level following elovl5 deletion, were verified through feeding experiment with two prepared diets soybean oil diet and linolenic acid oil diet. This study revealed potential regulatory targets that improve PUFA level after elovl5 deletion in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Wu
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tianying Ren
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Surendran A, Jamalkhah M, Poutou J, Birtch R, Lawson C, Dave J, Crupi MJF, Mayer J, Taylor V, Petryk J, de Souza CT, Moodie N, Billingsley JL, Austin B, Cormack N, Blamey N, Rezaei R, McCloskey CW, Fekete EEF, Birdi HK, Neault S, Jamieson TR, Wylie B, Tucker S, Azad T, Vanderhyden B, Tai LH, Bell JC, Ilkow CS. Fatty acid transport protein inhibition sensitizes breast and ovarian cancers to oncolytic virus therapy via lipid modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1099459. [PMID: 36969187 PMCID: PMC10036842 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1099459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAdipocytes in the tumour microenvironment are highly dynamic cells that have an established role in tumour progression, but their impact on anti-cancer therapy resistance is becoming increasingly difficult to overlook.MethodsWe investigated the role of adipose tissue and adipocytes in response to oncolytic virus (OV) therapy in adipose-rich tumours such as breast and ovarian neoplasms.ResultsWe show that secreted products in adipocyte-conditioned medium significantly impairs productive virus infection and OV-driven cell death. This effect was not due to the direct neutralization of virions or inhibition of OV entry into host cells. Instead, further investigation of adipocyte secreted factors demonstrated that adipocyte-mediated OV resistance is primarily a lipid-driven phenomenon. When lipid moieties are depleted from the adipocyte-conditioned medium, cancer cells are re-sensitized to OV-mediated destruction. We further demonstrated that blocking fatty acid uptake by cancer cells, in a combinatorial strategy with virotherapy, has clinical translational potential to overcome adipocyte-mediated OV resistance.DiscussionOur findings indicate that while adipocyte secreted factors can impede OV infection, the impairment of OV treatment efficacy can be overcome by modulating lipid flux in the tumour milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abera Surendran
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Monire Jamalkhah
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joanna Poutou
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rayanna Birtch
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Lawson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jaahnavi Dave
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu J. F. Crupi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Mayer
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Taylor
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Petryk
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Neil Moodie
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Bradley Austin
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Cormack
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Blamey
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Curtis W. McCloskey
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Emily E. F. Fekete
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Harsimrat K. Birdi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Serge Neault
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor R. Jamieson
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brenna Wylie
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Tucker
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Taha Azad
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara Vanderhyden
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lee-Hwa Tai
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - John C. Bell
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carolina S. Ilkow
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Carolina S. Ilkow,
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Szabó A, Omeralfaroug A, Bjellaas T, Kövér G, Turbók J, Kovács M. The effects of fumonisin B 1 at the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) and 5-times above on the renal histology and lipidome of rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2022:113333. [PMID: 35988863 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) mycotoxin was intraperitoneally (IP) administered at the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL = 0.2 mg/kg BW/day as IP equivalent, "L") and 5-times above ("H") to male rats, in a controlled ("C"), 5-day study (n = 10/group, total n = 30). BW (bodyweight) of H rats decreased after day 4, kidney weight after 5 days. Renal histology revealed tubular epithelial desquamation, tubular dilatation, nuclear swelling, pale chromatin, cell vacuolation and casual karyopycnosis (H). Lipidomic analysis was performed with liquid chromatography - time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF). Renal sphinganine (Sa) concentration increased 500 (L) to 1000-fold (H) and Sa-1-P to over 200 and 350-fold, respectively), with FB1 dose-dependence. Renal triacyclglycerols, diacylglycerols, ceramides and sphingomyelins were depleted, while cholesterol and cholesterol ester concentrations increased. Spearman correlation of free sphingoid bases (Sa, Sa-1-P, sphingosine (So) and So-1-P) was positive with histopathological damage severity, sphingomyelins and ceramides provided negative relationship (-0.78 and -0.8, resp.). Two-way cluster analysis and sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) was used for experimental group classification. Fully effective group separation was achieved for ceramides, sphingomyelins and phosphatidyl-cholines, highlighting molecular species of possible diagnostic value. Lipidomic results highlight possible re-consideration of the NOAEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szabó
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Hungary.
| | - Ali Omeralfaroug
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Hungary.
| | | | - György Kövér
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding Sciences, Department of Animal Breeding, Hungary.
| | - Janka Turbók
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Hungary.
| | - Melinda Kovács
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Agribiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Hungary; ELKH - MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár, Hungary.
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9
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Lu J, Zhang Y, Sun M, Ding C, Zhang L, Kong Y, Cai M, Miccoli P, Ma C, Yue X. Multi-Omics Analysis of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Thyroid Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:737127. [PMID: 34976793 PMCID: PMC8717782 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.737127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for the majority of thyroid cancer and affects a large number of individuals. The pathogenesis of PTC has not been completely elucidated thus far. Metabolic reprogramming is a common feature in tumours. Our previous research revealed the reprogramming of lipid metabolism in PTC. Further studies on lipid metabolism reprogramming may help elucidate the pathogenesis of PTC. Methods Clinical samples of PTC and para-tumour tissue were analysed using lipidomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches. A multi-omics integrative strategy was adopted to identify the important pathways in PTC. The findings were further confirmed using western blotting, tissue microarray, bioinformatics, and cell migration assays. Results Multi-omics data and the results of integrated analysis revealed that the three steps of fatty acid metabolism (hydrolysis, transportation, and oxidation) were significantly enhanced in PTC. Especially, the expression levels of LPL, FATP2, and CPT1A, three key enzymes in the respective steps, were elevated in PTC. Moreover, LPL, FATP2 and CPT1A expression was associated with the TNM stage, lymph node metastasis of PTC. Moreover, high levels of FATP2 and CPT1A contributed to poor prognosis of PTC. In addition, ectopic overexpression of LPL, FATP2 and CPT1A can each promote the migration of thyroid cancer cells. Conclusions Our data suggested that enhanced fatty acid metabolism supplied additional energy and substrates for PTC progression. This may help elucidating the underlying mechanism of PTC pathogenesis and identifying the potential therapeutic targets for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Lu
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yankun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Changyuan Ding
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Youzi Kong
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Cai
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Paolo Miccoli
- Department of Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuetian Yue
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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10
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Fatty acids and evolving roles of their proteins in neurological, cardiovascular disorders and cancers. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101116. [PMID: 34293403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of fat metabolism is involved in various disorders, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and cancers. The uptake of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) with 14 or more carbons plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, the uptake and metabolism of LCFAs must constantly be in tune with the cellular, metabolic, and structural requirements of cells. Many metabolic diseases are thought to be driven by the abnormal flow of fatty acids either from the dietary origin and/or released from adipose stores. Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of fatty acids are facilitated ubiquitously with unique combinations of fatty acid transport proteins and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins in every tissue. Extensive data are emerging on the defective transporters and metabolism of LCFAs and their clinical implications. Uptake and metabolism of LCFAs are crucial for the brain's functional development and cardiovascular health and maintenance. In addition, data suggest fatty acid metabolic transporter can normalize activated inflammatory response by reprogramming lipid metabolism in cancers. Here we review the current understanding of how LCFAs and their proteins contribute to the pathophysiology of three crucial diseases and the mechanisms involved in the processes.
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11
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da Cunha Menezes Souza L, Fernandes FH, Presti PT, Anjos Ferreira AL, Fávero Salvadori DM. Effect of doxorubicin on cardiac lipid metabolism-related transcriptome and the protective activity of Alda-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173955. [PMID: 33617823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of doxorubicin (DOX) as an antineoplastic drug is compromised by its cardiotoxicity risk. Although several mechanisms have been proposed for DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction, there is still increased interest in assessing its effects. Likewise, it is important to find protocols that can prevent or minimize the side effects of DOX without hindering its antitumor activity. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying DOX cardiotoxicity, with a special focus on cardiac energy metabolism and the ability of Alda-1 (ALDH2 agonist) to prevent DOX-induced cardiac alterations. We explored the effects of DOX on the histological morphology of the myocardium, on lipid profile, and on the expression of genes related to fatty acid metabolism, in the presence and absence of Alda-1 (8 mg/kg body weight; b.wt.). Two DOX treatment protocols were used: a single dose of DOX (4 mg/kg b.wt.); four doses of DOX (4 mg/kg b.wt.), one dose/week, for 4 weeks. Treatment with DOX caused a progressive injury in the cardiac tissue and an increase in the blood total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoproteins and triglyceride, as well as an up-regulation of FABP4 (DOX and DOX + Alda-1 groups) and Slc27a2 (in DOX-treated animals). Alda-1 administration promoted reduction in the severity of the histopathological injuries (after single dose of DOX) and Slc27a2 overexpression was restored. In conclusion, the study revealed novel insights regarding the development of DOX-mediated cardiomyopathy, indicating a relationship between DOX exposure and FABP4 and Slc27a2 overexpression, and confirmed the cardioprotective effect of Alda-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Henrique Fernandes
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Lu S, Ma Z, Gu Y, Li P, Chen Y, Bai M, Zhou H, Yang X, Jiang H. Downregulation of glucose‐6‐phosphatase expression contributes to fluoxetine‐induced hepatic steatosis. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:1232-1240. [PMID: 33179799 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghui Lu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yong Gu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yingchun Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Mengru Bai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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13
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Fernandez RF, Ellis JM. Acyl-CoA synthetases as regulators of brain phospholipid acyl-chain diversity. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 161:102175. [PMID: 33031993 PMCID: PMC8693597 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Each individual cell-type is defined by its distinct morphology, phenotype, molecular and lipidomic profile. The importance of maintaining cell-specific lipidomic profiles is exemplified by the numerous diseases, disorders, and dysfunctional outcomes that occur as a direct result of altered lipidome. Therefore, the mechanisms regulating cellular lipidome diversity play a role in maintaining essential biological functions. The brain is an organ particularly rich in phospholipids, the main constituents of cellular membranes. The phospholipid acyl-chain profile of membranes in the brain is rather diverse due in part to the high degree of cellular heterogeneity. These membranes and the acyl-chain composition of their phospholipids are highly regulated, but the mechanisms that confer this tight regulation are incompletely understood. A family of enzymes called acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs) stands at a pinnacle step allowing influence over cellular acyl-chain selection and subsequent metabolic flux. ACSs perform the initial reaction for cellular fatty acid metabolism by ligating a Coenzyme A to a fatty acid which both traps a fatty acid within a cell and activates it for metabolism. The ACS family of enzymes is large and diverse consisting of 25-26 family members that are nonredundant, each with unique distribution across and within cell types, and differential fatty acid substrate preferences. Thus, ACSs confer a critical intracellular fatty acid selecting step in a cell-type dependent manner providing acyl-CoA moieties that serve as essential precursors for phospholipid synthesis and remodeling, and therefore serve as a key regulator of cellular membrane acyl-chain compositional diversity. Here we will discuss how the contribution of individual ACSs towards brain lipid metabolism has only just begun to be elucidated and discuss the possibilities for how ACSs may differentially regulate brain lipidomic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina F Fernandez
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, NC, United States
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, NC, United States.
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14
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Alicea GM, Rebecca VW, Goldman AR, Fane ME, Douglass SM, Behera R, Webster MR, Kugel CH, Ecker BL, Caino MC, Kossenkov AV, Tang HY, Frederick DT, Flaherty KT, Xu X, Liu Q, Gabrilovich DI, Herlyn M, Blair IA, Schug ZT, Speicher DW, Weeraratna AT. Changes in Aged Fibroblast Lipid Metabolism Induce Age-Dependent Melanoma Cell Resistance to Targeted Therapy via the Fatty Acid Transporter FATP2. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1282-1295. [PMID: 32499221 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Older patients with melanoma (>50 years old) have poorer prognoses and response rates to targeted therapy compared with young patients (<50 years old), which can be driven, in part, by the aged microenvironment. Here, we show that aged dermal fibroblasts increase the secretion of neutral lipids, especially ceramides. When melanoma cells are exposed to the aged fibroblast lipid secretome, or cocultured with aged fibroblasts, they increase the uptake of lipids via the fatty acid transporter FATP2, which is upregulated in melanoma cells in the aged microenvironment and known to play roles in lipid synthesis and accumulation. We show that blocking FATP2 in melanoma cells in an aged microenvironment inhibits their accumulation of lipids and disrupts their mitochondrial metabolism. Inhibiting FATP2 overcomes age-related resistance to BRAF/MEK inhibition in animal models, ablates tumor relapse, and significantly extends survival time in older animals. SIGNIFICANCE: These data show that melanoma cells take up lipids from aged fibroblasts, via FATP2, and use them to resist targeted therapy. The response to targeted therapy is altered in aged individuals because of the influences of the aged microenvironment, and these data suggest FATP2 as a target to overcome resistance.See related commentary by Montal and White, p. 1255.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1241.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen M Alicea
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Mitchell E Fane
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephen M Douglass
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Reeti Behera
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marie R Webster
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Brett L Ecker
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaowei Xu
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Ian A Blair
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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15
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Kagan VE, Tyurina YY, Sun WY, Vlasova II, Dar H, Tyurin VA, Amoscato AA, Mallampalli R, van der Wel PCA, He RR, Shvedova AA, Gabrilovich DI, Bayir H. Redox phospholipidomics of enzymatically generated oxygenated phospholipids as specific signals of programmed cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:231-241. [PMID: 31883467 PMCID: PMC7037592 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
High fidelity and effective adaptive changes of the cell and tissue metabolism to changing environments require strict coordination of numerous biological processes. Multicellular organisms developed sophisticated signaling systems of monitoring and responding to these different contexts. Among these systems, oxygenated lipids play a significant role realized via a variety of re-programming mechanisms. Some of them are enacted as a part of pro-survival pathways that eliminate harmful or unnecessary molecules or organelles by a variety of degradation/hydrolytic reactions or specialized autophageal processes. When these "partial" intracellular measures are insufficient, the programs of cells death are triggered with the aim to remove irreparably damaged members of the multicellular community. These regulated cell death mechanisms are believed to heavily rely on signaling by a highly diversified group of molecules, oxygenated phospholipids (PLox). Out of thousands of detectable individual PLox species, redox phospholipidomics deciphered several specific molecules that seem to be diagnostic of specialized death programs. Oxygenated cardiolipins (CLs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) have been identified as predictive biomarkers of apoptosis and ferroptosis, respectively. This has led to decoding of the enzymatic mechanisms of their formation involving mitochondrial oxidation of CLs by cytochrome c and endoplasmic reticulum-associated oxidation of PE by lipoxygenases. Understanding of the specific biochemical radical-mediated mechanisms of these oxidative reactions opens new avenues for the design and search of highly specific regulators of cell death programs. This review emphasizes the usefulness of such selective lipid peroxidation mechanisms in contrast to the concept of random poorly controlled free radical reactions as instruments of non-specific damage of cells and their membranes. Detailed analysis of two specific examples of phospholipid oxidative signaling in apoptosis and ferroptosis along with their molecular mechanisms and roles in reprogramming has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Y Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - W Y Sun
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - I I Vlasova
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - H Dar
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - V A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - A A Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - P C A van der Wel
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R R He
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - A A Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - H Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
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16
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Ding LN, Gu SL, Zhu FG, Ma ZY, Li J, Li M, Wang Z, Tan XL. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2 is involved in seed oil production in Brassica napus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:21. [PMID: 31931712 PMCID: PMC6958636 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the main composition of plant seed oil. Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetases (LACSs) catalyze the synthesis of long-chain acyl-coenzyme A, which is one of the primary substrates for TAG synthesis. In Arabidopsis, the LACS gene family contains nine members, among which LACS1 and LACS9 have overlapping functions in TAG biosynthesis. However, functional characterization of LACS proteins in rapeseed have been rarely reported. RESULTS An orthologue of the Arabidopsis LACS2 gene (BnLACS2) that is highly expressed in developing seeds was identified in rapeseed (Brassica napus). The BnLACS2-GFP fusion protein was mainly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, where TAG biosynthesis occurs. Interestingly, overexpression of the BnLACS2 gene resulted in significantly higher oil contents in transgenic rapeseed plants compared to wild type, while BnLACS2-RNAi transgenic rapeseed plants had decreased oil contents. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR expression data revealed that the expression of several genes involved in glycolysis, as well as fatty acid (FA) and lipid biosynthesis, was also affected in transgenic plants. CONCLUSIONS A long chain acyl-CoA synthetase, BnLACS2, located in the endoplasmic reticulum was identified in B. napus. Overexpression of BnLACS2 in yeast and rapeseed could increase oil content, while BnLACS2-RNAi transgenic rapeseed plants exhibited decreased oil content. Furthermore, BnLACS2 transcription increased the expression of genes involved in glycolysis, and FA and lipid synthesis in developing seeds. These results suggested that BnLACS2 is an important factor for seed oil production in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Ding
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shou-Lai Gu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fu-Ge Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhong-Yan Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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17
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Veglia F, Tyurin VA, Blasi M, De Leo A, Kossenkov AV, Donthireddy L, To TKJ, Schug Z, Basu S, Wang F, Ricciotti E, DiRusso C, Murphy ME, Vonderheide RH, Lieberman PM, Mulligan C, Nam B, Hockstein N, Masters G, Guarino M, Lin C, Nefedova Y, Black P, Kagan VE, Gabrilovich DI. Fatty acid transport protein 2 reprograms neutrophils in cancer. Nature 2019; 569:73-78. [PMID: 30996346 PMCID: PMC6557120 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) are pathologically activated neutrophils that are crucial for the regulation of immune responses in cancer. These cells contribute to the failure of cancer therapies and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Despite recent advances in the understanding of PMN-MDSC biology, the mechanisms responsible for the pathological activation of neutrophils are not well defined, and this limits the selective targeting of these cells. Here we report that mouse and human PMN-MDSCs exclusively upregulate fatty acid transport protein 2 (FATP2). Overexpression of FATP2 in PMN-MDSCs was controlled by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, through the activation of the STAT5 transcription factor. Deletion of FATP2 abrogated the suppressive activity of PMN-MDSCs. The main mechanism of FATP2-mediated suppressive activity involved the uptake of arachidonic acid and the synthesis of prostaglandin E2. The selective pharmacological inhibition of FATP2 abrogated the activity of PMN-MDSCs and substantially delayed tumour progression. In combination with checkpoint inhibitors, FATP2 inhibition blocked tumour progression in mice. Thus, FATP2 mediates the acquisition of immunosuppressive activity by PMN-MDSCs and represents a target to inhibit the functions of PMN-MDSCs selectively and to improve the efficiency of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Veglia
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Blasi
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alessandra De Leo
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Zach Schug
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Subhasree Basu
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Concetta DiRusso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Paul M Lieberman
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles Mulligan
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center at Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Brian Nam
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center at Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Neil Hockstein
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center at Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Gregory Masters
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Helen F. Graham Cancer Center at Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Michael Guarino
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center at Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Cindy Lin
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yulia Nefedova
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moskva, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Gabrilovich
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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18
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Zhang H, Ericsson M, Weström S, Vahlquist A, Virtanen M, Törmä H. Patients with congenital ichthyosis and TGM1 mutations overexpress other ARCI genes in the skin: Part of a barrier repair response? Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:1164-1171. [PMID: 30372788 PMCID: PMC7379499 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a group of monogenic skin disorders caused by mutations in any of at least 12 different genes, many of which are involved in the epidermal synthesis of ω-O-acylceramides (acylCer). AcylCer are essential precursors of the corneocyte lipid envelope crosslinked by transglutaminase-1 (TGm-1), or a yet unidentified enzyme, for normal skin barrier formation. We hypothesized that inactivating TGM1 mutations will lead to a compensatory overexpression of the transcripts involved in skin barrier repair, including many other ARCI-causing genes. Using microarray, we examined the global mRNA expression profile in skin biopsies from five ARCI patients with TGM1 mutations and four healthy controls. There were a total of 599 significantly differentially expressed genes (adjusted P < 0.05), out of which 272 showed more than 1.5 log2fold-change (FC) up- or down-regulation. Functional classification of the latter group of transcripts showed enrichment of mRNA encoding proteins mainly associated with biological pathways involved in keratinocyte differentiation and immune response. Moreover, the expression of seven out of twelve ARCI-causing genes was significantly increased (FC = 0.98-2.05). Also, many of the genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation (cornified envelope formation) and immune response (antimicrobial peptides and proinflammatory cytokines) were upregulated. The results from the microarray analysis were also verified for selected genes at the mRNA level by qPCR and at the protein level by semi-quantitative immunofluorescence. The upregulation of these genes might reflect a compensatory induction of acylCer biosynthesis as a part of a global barrier repair response in the patient's epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqian Zhang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maja Ericsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Simone Weström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Vahlquist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Virtanen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Törmä
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Kolahi KS, Valent AM, Thornburg KL. Real-time microscopic assessment of fatty acid uptake kinetics in the human term placenta. Placenta 2018; 72-73:1-9. [PMID: 30501875 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The placenta employs an efficient and selective fatty acid transport system to supply lipids for fetal development. Disruptions in placental fatty acid transport lead to restricted fetal growth along with cardiovascular and neurologic deficits. Nevertheless, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in human placental fatty acid trafficking during the initial steps of uptake, or the importance of fatty acid chain length in determining uptake rates. METHODS We employed BODIPY fluorophore conjugated fatty acid analogues of three chain lengths, medium (BODIPY-C5), long (BODIPY-C12), and very-long (BODIPY-C16), to study fatty acid uptake in isolated human trophoblast and explants using confocal microscopy. The three BODIPY-labeled fatty acids were added to freshly isolated explants and tracked for up to 30 min. Fatty acid uptake kinetics were quantified in trophoblast (cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast together) and the fetal capillary lumen. RESULTS Long- (BODIPY-C12) and Very long-chain (BODIPY-C16) fatty acids accumulated more rapidly in the trophoblast layer than did medium-chain (BODIPY-C5) whereas BODIPY-C5 accumulated more rapidly in the fetal capillary than did the longer chain length fatty acids. The long-chain fatty acids, BODIPY-C12 and BODIPY-C16, are esterified and stored in lipid droplets in the cytotrophoblast layer, but medium-chain fatty acid, BODIPY-C5, is not. DISCUSSION Fatty acids accumulate in trophoblast and fetal capillaries inversely according to their chain length. BODIPY-C5 accumulates in the fetal capillary in concentrations far greater than in the trophoblast, suggesting that medium-chain length BODIPY-labeled fatty acids are capable of being transported against a concentration gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Kolahi
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Amy M Valent
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kent L Thornburg
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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20
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Mitochondrial β-oxidation of saturated fatty acids in humans. Mitochondrion 2018; 46:73-90. [PMID: 29551309 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids generates acetyl-coA, NADH and FADH2. Acyl-coA synthetases catalyze the binding of fatty acids to coenzyme A to form fatty acyl-coA thioesters, the first step in the intracellular metabolism of fatty acids. l-carnitine system facilitates the transport of fatty acyl-coA esters across the mitochondrial membrane. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 transfers acyl groups from coenzyme A to l-carnitine, forming acyl-carnitine esters at the outer mitochondrial membrane. Carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase exchanges acyl-carnitine esters that enter the mitochondria, by free l-carnitine. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-2 converts acyl-carnitine esters back to acyl-coA esters at the inner mitochondrial membrane. The β-oxidation pathway of fatty acyl-coA esters includes four reactions. Fatty acyl-coA dehydrogenases catalyze the introduction of a double bond at the C2 position, producing 2-enoyl-coA esters and reducing equivalents that are transferred to the respiratory chain via electron transferring flavoprotein. Enoyl-coA hydratase catalyzes the hydration of the double bond to generate a 3-l-hydroxyacyl-coA derivative. 3-l-hydroxyacyl-coA dehydrogenase catalyzes the formation of a 3-ketoacyl-coA intermediate. Finally, 3-ketoacyl-coA thiolase catalyzes the cleavage of the chain, generating acetyl-coA and a fatty acyl-coA ester two carbons shorter. Mitochondrial trifunctional protein catalyzes the three last steps in the β-oxidation of long-chain and medium-chain fatty acyl-coA esters while individual enzymes catalyze the β-oxidation of short-chain fatty acyl-coA esters. Clinical phenotype of fatty acid oxidation disorders usually includes hypoketotic hypoglycemia triggered by fasting or infections, skeletal muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, hepatopathy, and neurological manifestations. Accumulation of non-oxidized fatty acids promotes their conjugation with glycine and l-carnitine and alternate ways of oxidation, such as ω-oxidation.
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21
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Metherel AH, Kitson AP, Domenichiello AF, Lacombe RJS, Hopperton KE, Trépanier MO, Alashmali SM, Lin L, Bazinet RP. Maternal liver docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) stores are increased via higher serum unesterified DHA uptake in pregnant long Evans rats. J Nutr Biochem 2017. [PMID: 28628798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) supplies the developing fetus during pregnancy; however, the mechanisms are unclear. We utilized pregnant rats to determine rates of DHA accretion, tissue unesterified DHA uptake and whole-body DHA synthesis-secretion. Female rats maintained on a DHA-free, 2% α-linolenic acid diet were either:1) sacrificed at 56 days for baseline measures, 2) mated and sacrificed at 14-18 days of pregnancy or 3) or sacrificed at 14-18 days as age-matched virgin controls. Maternal brain, adipose, liver and whole body fatty acid concentrations was determined for balance analysis, and kinetic modeling was used to determine brain and liver plasma unesterified DHA uptake and whole-body DHA synthesis-secretion rates. Total liver DHA was significantly higher in pregnant (95±5 μmol) versus non-pregnant (49±5) rats with no differences in whole-body DHA synthesis-secretion rates. However, liver uptake of plasma unesterified DHA was 3.8-fold higher in pregnant animals compared to non-pregnant controls, and periuterine adipose DHA was lower in pregnant (0.89±0.09 μmol/g) versus non-pregnant (1.26±0.06) rats. In conclusion, higher liver DHA accretion during pregnancy appears to be driven by higher unesterified DHA uptake, potentially via DHA mobilization from periuterine adipose for delivery to the fetus during the brain growth spurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Metherel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E2.
| | - Alex P Kitson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E2
| | - Anthony F Domenichiello
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E2
| | - R J Scott Lacombe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E2
| | - Kathryn E Hopperton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E2
| | - Marc-Olivier Trépanier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E2
| | - Shoug M Alashmali
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E2
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E2
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 150 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E2
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Quinlivan VH, Farber SA. Lipid Uptake, Metabolism, and Transport in the Larval Zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:319. [PMID: 29209275 PMCID: PMC5701920 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The developing zebrafish is a well-established model system for studies of energy metabolism, and is amenable to genetic, physiological, and biochemical approaches. For the first 5 days of life, nutrients are absorbed from its endogenous maternally deposited yolk. At 5 days post-fertilization, the yolk is exhausted and the larva has a functional digestive system including intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and intestinal microbiota. The transparency of the larval zebrafish, and the genetic and physiological similarity of its digestive system to that of mammals make it a promising system in which to address questions of energy homeostasis relevant to human health. For example, apolipoprotein expression and function is similar in zebrafish and mammals, and transgenic animals may be used to examine both the transport of lipid from yolk to body in the embryo, and the trafficking of dietary lipids in the larva. Additionally, despite the identification of many fatty acid and lipid transport proteins expressed by vertebrates, the cell biological processes that mediate the transport of dietary lipids from the intestinal lumen to the interior of enterocytes remain to be elucidated. Genetic tractability and amenability to live imaging and a range of biochemical methods make the larval zebrafish an ideal model in which to address open questions in the field of lipid transport, energy homeostasis, and nutrient metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa H. Quinlivan
- Carnegie Institution for Science (CIS), Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Steven A. Farber
- Carnegie Institution for Science (CIS), Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven A. Farber,
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23
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Gillberg L, Perfilyev A, Brøns C, Thomasen M, Grunnet LG, Volkov P, Rosqvist F, Iggman D, Dahlman I, Risérus U, Rönn T, Nilsson E, Vaag A, Ling C. Adipose tissue transcriptomics and epigenomics in low birthweight men and controls: role of high-fat overfeeding. Diabetologia 2016; 59:799-812. [PMID: 26750116 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Individuals who had a low birthweight (LBW) are at an increased risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes when exposed to high-fat overfeeding (HFO). We studied genome-wide mRNA expression and DNA methylation in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) after 5 days of HFO and after a control diet in 40 young men, of whom 16 had LBW. METHODS mRNA expression was analysed using Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST arrays and DNA methylation using Illumina 450K BeadChip arrays. RESULTS We found differential DNA methylation at 53 sites in SAT from LBW vs normal birthweight (NBW) men (false discovery rate <5%), including sites in the FADS2 and CPLX1 genes previously associated with type 2 diabetes. When we used reference-free cell mixture adjustments to potentially adjust for cell composition, 4,323 sites had differential methylation in LBW vs NBW men. However, no differences in SAT gene expression levels were identified between LBW and NBW men. In the combined group of all 40 participants, 3,276 genes (16.5%) were differentially expressed in SAT after HFO (false discovery rate <5%) and there was no difference between LBW men and controls. The most strongly upregulated genes were ELOVL6, FADS2 and NNAT; in contrast, INSR, IRS2 and the SLC27A2 fatty acid transporter showed decreased expression after HFO. Interestingly, SLC27A2 expression correlated negatively with diabetes- and obesity-related traits in a replication cohort of 142 individuals. DNA methylation at 652 CpG sites (including in CDK5, IGFBP5 and SLC2A4) was altered in SAT after overfeeding in this and in another cohort. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Young men who had a LBW exhibit epigenetic alterations in their adipose tissue that potentially influence insulin resistance and risk of type 2 diabetes. Short-term overfeeding influences gene transcription and, to some extent, DNA methylation in adipose tissue; there was no major difference in this response between LBW and control participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Gillberg
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Section 7652, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Alexander Perfilyev
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Brøns
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Section 7652, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Martin Thomasen
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Section 7652, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Louise G Grunnet
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Section 7652, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Petr Volkov
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Iggman
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tina Rönn
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Section 7652, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Allan Vaag
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Section 7652, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
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24
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Black PN, Ahowesso C, Montefusco D, Saini N, DiRusso CC. Fatty Acid Transport Proteins: Targeting FATP2 as a Gatekeeper Involved in the Transport of Exogenous Fatty Acids. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 7:612-622. [PMID: 27446528 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00043f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) are classified as members of the Solute Carrier 27 (Slc27) family of proteins based on their ability to function in the transport of exogenous fatty acids. These proteins, when localized to the plasma membrane or at intracellular membrane junctions with the endoplasmic reticulum, function as a gate in the regulated transport of fatty acids and thus represent a therapeutic target to delimit the acquisition of fatty acids that contribute to disease as in the case of fatty acid overload. To date, FATP1, FATP2, and FATP4 have been used as targets in the selection of small molecule inhibitors with the goal of treating insulin resistance and attenuating dietary absorption of fatty acids. Several studies targeting FATP1 and FATP4 were based on the intrinsic acyl CoA synthetase activity of these proteins and not on transport directly. While several classes of compounds were identified as potential inhibitors of fatty acid transport, in vivo studies using a mouse model failed to provide evidence these compounds were effective in blocking or attenuating fatty acid transport. Studies targeting FATP2 employed a naturally occurring splice variant, FATP2b, which lacks intrinsic acyl CoA synthetase due to the deletion of exon 3, yet is fully functional in fatty acid transport. These studies identified two compounds, 5'-bromo-5-phenyl-spiro[3H-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,3'-indoline]-2'-one), now referred to as Lipofermata, and 2-benzyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one, now called Grassofermata, that are effective fatty acid transport inhibitors both in vitro using a series of model cell lines and in vivo using a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | | | | | - Nipun Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
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25
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Chen L, Zhang YH, Huang T, Cai YD. Identifying novel protein phenotype annotations by hybridizing protein-protein interactions and protein sequence similarities. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:913-34. [PMID: 26728152 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies of protein phenotypes represent a central challenge of modern genetics in the post-genome era because effective and accurate investigation of protein phenotypes is one of the most critical procedures to identify functional biological processes in microscale, which involves the analysis of multifactorial traits and has greatly contributed to the development of modern biology in the post genome era. Therefore, we have developed a novel computational method that identifies novel proteins associated with certain phenotypes in yeast based on the protein-protein interaction network. Unlike some existing network-based computational methods that identify the phenotype of a query protein based on its direct neighbors in the local network, the proposed method identifies novel candidate proteins for a certain phenotype by considering all annotated proteins with this phenotype on the global network using a shortest path (SP) algorithm. The identified proteins are further filtered using both a permutation test and their interactions and sequence similarities to annotated proteins. We compared our method with another widely used method called random walk with restart (RWR). The biological functions of proteins for each phenotype identified by our SP method and the RWR method were analyzed and compared. The results confirmed a large proportion of our novel protein phenotype annotation, and the RWR method showed a higher false positive rate than the SP method. Our method is equally effective for the prediction of proteins involving in all the eleven clustered yeast phenotypes with a quite low false positive rate. Considering the universality and generalizability of our supporting materials and computing strategies, our method can further be applied to study other organisms and the new functions we predicted can provide pertinent instructions for the further experimental verifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China. .,College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Fatty acid transport proteins in disease: New insights from invertebrate models. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 60:30-40. [PMID: 26416577 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of lipid metabolism has been implicated in various diseases, including diabetes, cardiopathies, dermopathies, retinal and neurodegenerative diseases. Mouse models have provided insights into lipid metabolism. However, progress in the understanding of these pathologies is hampered by the multiplicity of essential cellular processes and genes that modulate lipid metabolism. Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans have emerged as simple genetic models to improve our understanding of these metabolic diseases. Recent studies have characterized fatty acid transport protein (fatp) mutants in Drosophila and C. elegans, establishing new models of cardiomyopathy, retinal degeneration, fat storage disease and dermopathies. These models have generated novel insights into the physiological role of the Fatp protein family in vivo in multicellular organisms, and are likely to contribute substantially to progress in understanding the etiology of various metabolic disorders. Here, we describe and discuss the mechanisms underlying invertebrate fatp mutant models in the light of the current knowledge relating to FATPs and lipid disorders in vertebrates.
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27
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Ahowesso C, Black PN, Saini N, Montefusco D, Chekal J, Malosh C, Lindsley CW, Stauffer SR, DiRusso CC. Chemical inhibition of fatty acid absorption and cellular uptake limits lipotoxic cell death. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:167-81. [PMID: 26394026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic elevation of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels is commonly associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some cancers. Experimental evidence indicates FFA and their metabolites contribute to disease development through lipotoxicity. Previously, we identified a specific fatty acid transport inhibitor CB16.2, a.k.a. Lipofermata, using high throughput screening methods. In this study, efficacy of transport inhibition was measured in four cell lines that are models for myocytes (mmC2C12), pancreatic β-cells (rnINS-1E), intestinal epithelial cells (hsCaco-2), and hepatocytes (hsHepG2), as well as primary human adipocytes. The compound was effective in inhibiting uptake with IC50s between 3 and 6μM for all cell lines except human adipocytes (39μM). Inhibition was specific for long and very long chain fatty acids but had no effect on medium chain fatty acids (C6-C10), which are transported by passive diffusion. Derivatives of Lipofermata were evaluated to understand structural contributions to activity. Lipofermata prevented palmitate-mediated oxidative stress, induction of BiP and CHOP, and cell death in a dose-dependent manner in hsHepG2 and rnINS-1E cells, suggesting it will prevent induction of fatty acid-mediated cell death pathways and lipotoxic disease by channeling excess fatty acids to adipose tissue and away from liver and pancreas. Importantly, mice dosed orally with Lipofermata were not able to absorb (13)C-oleate demonstrating utility as an inhibitor of fatty acid absorption from the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Ahowesso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, United States
| | - Paul N Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, United States
| | - Nipun Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, United States
| | - David Montefusco
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, United States
| | - Jessica Chekal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, United States
| | - Chrysa Malosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Concetta C DiRusso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, United States.
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Fasting enriches liver triacylglycerol with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: implications for understanding the adipose-liver axis in serum docosahexaenoic acid regulation. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:39. [PMID: 26386841 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of short-term fasting on coordinate changes in the fatty acid composition of adipose triacylglycerol (TAG), serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), liver TAG, and serum TAG and phospholipids in mice fed ad libitum or fasted for 16 h overnight. In contrast to previous reports under conditions of maximal lipolysis, adipose tissue TAG was not preferentially depleted of n-3 PUFA or any specific fatty acids, nor were there any striking changes in the serum NEFA composition. Short-term fasting did, however, increase the hepatic proportion of n-3 PUFA, and almost all individual species of n-3 PUFA showed relative and absolute increases. The relative proportion of n-6 PUFA in liver TAG also increased but to a lesser extent, resulting in a significant decrease in the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio (from 14.3 ± 2.54 to 9.6 ± 1.20), while the proportion of MUFA decreased significantly and SFA proportion did not change. Examination of genes involved in PUFA synthesis suggested that hepatic changes in the elongation and desaturation of precursor lipids could not explain this effect. Rather, an increase in the expression of fatty acid transporters specific for 22:6n-3 and other long-chain n-3 and n-6 PUFA likely mediated the observed hepatic enrichment. Analysis of serum phospholipids indicated a specific increase in the concentration of 22:6n-3 and 16:0, suggesting increased specific synthesis of DHA-enriched phospholipid by the liver for recirculation. Given the importance of blood phospholipid in distributing DHA to neural tissue, these findings have implications for understanding the adipose-liver-brain axis in n-3 PUFA metabolism.
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Fatty acid transport protein-2 inhibitor Grassofermata/CB5 protects cells against lipid accumulation and toxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:534-41. [PMID: 26284975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of the fatty acid uptake into non-adipose tissues provides an attractive target for prevention of lipotoxicity leading to obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes. Fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) are bifunctional proteins involved in the uptake and activation of fatty acids by esterification with coenzyme A. Here we characterize Grassofermata/CB5, previously identified as a fatty acid uptake inhibitor directed against HsFATP2. The compound was effective in inhibiting the uptake of fatty acids in the low micro-molar range (IC50 8-11 μM) and prevented palmitate-mediated lipid accumulation and cell death in cell lines that are models for intestines, liver, muscle and pancreas. In adipocytes, uptake inhibition was less effective (IC50 58 μM). Inhibition was specific for long chain fatty acids and was ineffective toward medium chain fatty acids, which are transported by diffusion. Kinetic analysis of Grassofermata-dependent FA transport inhibition verified a non-competitive mechanism. By comparison with Grassofermata, several atypical antipsychotic drugs previously implicated as inhibitors of FA uptake were ineffectual. In mice Grassofermata decreased absorption of (13)C-oleate demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent.
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Schrader M, Costello J, Godinho LF, Islinger M. Peroxisome-mitochondria interplay and disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:681-702. [PMID: 25687155 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes and mitochondria are ubiquitous, highly dynamic organelles with an oxidative type of metabolism in eukaryotic cells. Over the years, substantial evidence has been provided that peroxisomes and mitochondria exhibit a close functional interplay which impacts on human health and development. The so-called "peroxisome-mitochondria connection" includes metabolic cooperation in the degradation of fatty acids, a redox-sensitive relationship, an overlap in key components of the membrane fission machineries and cooperation in anti-viral signalling and defence. Furthermore, combined peroxisome-mitochondria disorders with defects in organelle division have been revealed. In this review, we present the latest progress in the emerging field of peroxisomal and mitochondrial interplay in mammals with a particular emphasis on cooperative fatty acid β-oxidation, redox interplay, organelle dynamics, cooperation in anti-viral signalling and the resulting implications for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK,
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Ellis JM, Bowman CE, Wolfgang MJ. Metabolic and tissue-specific regulation of acyl-CoA metabolism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116587. [PMID: 25760036 PMCID: PMC4356623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA formation initiates cellular fatty acid metabolism. Acyl-CoAs are generated by the ligation of a fatty acid to Coenzyme A mediated by a large family of acyl-CoA synthetases (ACS). Conversely, acyl-CoAs can be hydrolyzed by a family of acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOT). Here, we have determined the transcriptional regulation of all ACS and ACOT enzymes across tissues and in response to metabolic perturbations. We find patterns of coordinated regulation within and between these gene families as well as distinct regulation occurring in a tissue- and physiologically-dependent manner. Due to observed changes in long-chain ACOT mRNA and protein abundance in liver and adipose tissue, we determined the consequence of increasing cytosolic long-chain thioesterase activity on fatty acid metabolism in these tissues by generating transgenic mice overexpressing a hyperactive mutant of Acot7 in the liver or adipose tissue. Doubling cytosolic acyl-CoA thioesterase activity failed to protect mice from diet-induced obesity, fatty liver or insulin resistance, however, overexpression of Acot7 in adipocytes rendered mice cold intolerant. Together, these data suggest distinct modes of regulation of the ACS and ACOT enzymes and that these enzymes act in a coordinated fashion to control fatty acid metabolism in a tissue-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Ellis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 United States of America
| | - Caitlyn E. Bowman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 United States of America
| | - Michael J. Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Daniel J, Sirakova T, Kolattukudy P. An acyl-CoA synthetase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis involved in triacylglycerol accumulation during dormancy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114877. [PMID: 25490545 PMCID: PMC4260918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent infection with dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the major reasons behind the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the pathogen worldwide. In its dormant state, the pathogen accumulates lipid droplets containing triacylglycerol synthesized from fatty acids derived from host lipids. In this study, we show that Rv1206 (FACL6), which is annotated as an acyl-CoA synthetase and resembles eukaryotic fatty acid transport proteins, is able to stimulate fatty acid uptake in E. coli cells. We show that purified FACL6 displays acyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity with a preference towards oleic acid, which is one of the predominant fatty acids in host lipids. Our results indicate that the expression of FACL6 protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is significantly increased during in vitro dormancy. The facl6-deficient Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutant displayed a diminished ability to synthesize acyl-coenzyme A in cell-free extracts. Furthermore, during in vitro dormancy, the mutant synthesized lower levels of intracellular triacylglycerol from exogenous fatty acids. Complementation partially restored the lost function. Our results suggest that FACL6 modulates triacylglycerol accumulation as the pathogen enters dormancy by activating fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiyanth Daniel
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, United States of America; Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, 46805, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Sirakova
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, United States of America
| | - Pappachan Kolattukudy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, United States of America
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Rege J, Nakamura Y, Wang T, Merchen TD, Sasano H, Rainey WE. Transcriptome profiling reveals differentially expressed transcripts between the human adrenal zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E518-27. [PMID: 24423296 PMCID: PMC3942232 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The human adrenal zona fasciculata (ZF) and zona reticularis (ZR) are responsible for the production of cortisol and 19-carbon steroids (often called adrenal androgens), respectively. However, the gene profiles and exact molecular mechanisms leading to the functional phenotype of the ZF and ZR are still not clearly defined. In the present study, we identified the transcripts that are differentially expressed in the ZF and ZR. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare the transcriptome profiles of ZF and ZR. DESIGN AND METHODS ZF and ZR were microdissected from 10 human adrenals. Total RNA was extracted from 10 ZF/ZR pairs and hybridized to Illumina microarray chips. The 10 most differentially expressed transcripts were studied with quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). Immunohistochemistry was also performed on four zone-specific genes. RESULTS Microarray results demonstrated that only 347 transcripts of the 47 231 were significantly different by 2-fold or greater in the ZF and ZR. ZF had 195 transcripts with 2-fold or greater increase compared with its paired ZR, whereas ZR was found to have 152 transcripts with 2-fold or greater higher expression than in ZF. Microarray and qPCR analysis of transcripts encoding steroidogenic enzymes (n = 10) demonstrated that only 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, steroid sulfotransferase, type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and cytochrome b5 were significantly different. Immunohistochemistry and qPCR studies confirmed that the ZF had an increased expression of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 and nephroblastoma overexpressed, whereas ZR showed an increased expression of solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter) (SLC27A2), member 2 and TSPAN12 (tetraspanin 12) CONCLUSION: Microarray revealed several novel candidate genes for elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing the ZF and ZR, thereby increasing our understanding of the functional zonation of these two adrenocortical zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juilee Rege
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine (J.R., W.E.R.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Departments of Physiology (J.R., T.W., W.E.R.) and Surgery (T.D.M.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; and Department of Pathology (Y.N., H.S.), Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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