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Rani A, Pandey DM, Pandey JP. Biomolecular characterization of Antheraea mylitta cocoonase: A secreted protease. Anal Biochem 2024; 686:115408. [PMID: 38008303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Cocoonase is a protease secreted during the emergence of silk moths. In the present study cocoonase of Antheraea mylitta was collected, purified and secondary structure was determined using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy which revealed the presence of α-helix 4.3%, β-sheet 55%, turn 8% and random coil 32.7%. The thermal stability of cocoonase was studied using CD spectroscopy while the thermal property was observed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, MALDI-TOF peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) was performed for similar protein identification using the MASCOT server. Using casein as the substrate, the kinetic constants Km and Vmax were 13 × 103 mg/ml and 15.09 × 10-2 μg/mg.s1 respectively. The specific activity of cocoonase was observed to be maximum at temperature 40 °C, pH-8.0. The effect of heavy metals Hg2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Pb2+ showed inhibitory activity at higher concentrations, while few metals like Mn2+, Fe3+ enhanced the activity while the effect of Ca2+ was not much on the activity. Soybean trypsin inhibitor and PMSF showed an inhibitory effect on the activity of cocoonase. Additionally, antioxidant scavenging and fibrinolytic properties were also observed. Furthermore, the imperative information generated through the present study will serve to explore cocoonase for its prospective pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Rani
- Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India; Central Tasar Research and Training Institute (Central Silk Board, MOT Govt. of India), Piska Nagri, Ranchi, 835303, Jharkhand, India
| | - Dev Mani Pandey
- Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Jay Prakash Pandey
- Central Tasar Research and Training Institute (Central Silk Board, MOT Govt. of India), Piska Nagri, Ranchi, 835303, Jharkhand, India.
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2
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Sneha, Pandey JP, Pandey DM. Evaluating the role of trypsin in silk degumming: An in silico approach. J Biotechnol 2022; 359:35-47. [PMID: 36126805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The trypsin being universal enzyme forming family of proteases catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins into amino acids and regenerates the serine hydroxyl an active site. The trypsin enzyme from D. saccharalis, uses sericin as its preferred substrate. Presence of catalytic triad (serine, aspartic acid and histidine) at the substrate binding site of this enzyme is very important for the catalytic activity. In the current study, the interacting mechanism between the substrate sericin protein and enzyme trypsin protein were explored by integrating various computational approaches including physico-chemical properties, biophysical properties, dynamics, gene ontology, molecular docking, protein - protein interactions, binding free energy calculation and structural motifs were studied. The evolutionary study performed by MEGA X showed that trypsin protein sequence (ALE15212.1) is closely related to cocoonase protein sequence (ADG26770.1) from Antheraea pernyi. 3-D models of trypsin and sericin proteins were predicted using I-TASSER and further validated by PROCHECK, and ProSAweb softwares. The predicted trypsin structure model was assigned E.C. no. 3.4.21.4 which refers hydrolytic mechanism. Gene Ontology predicted by QuickGO showed that trypsin has serine hydrolase activity (GO: 00017171), and part of proteolysis (GO: 0006508) as well as protein metabolic process (GO:0019538) actvity. Molecular docking studies between trypsin and sericin proteins were conducted by the HADDOCK 2.4 having best docked protein complex with Z-score - 1.9. 2D and 3D protein-protein interaction was performed with LIGPLOT+ and HAWKDOCK, PDBsum, respectively. The amino acid residues interacting across proteins interface are sericin_chain A representing "Ser133, Tyr214, Thr188, Thr243, Ser225, Ser151, Ser156, His294, Arg293, Gly296″ and trypsin_chain B "Lys120, Tyr246, Asn119, Glu239, Ser62, Tyr194, Ile197, Ser171, Tyr169, Gly170″. Based on our results trypsin shows similarity with cocoonase and presumably trypsin can be used as an alternative source in cocoon degumming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India.
| | - Jay Prakash Pandey
- Central Tasar Research and Training Institute, Piska-Nagri, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835303, India.
| | - Dev Mani Pandey
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India.
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3
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Sneha S, Pandey DM. In silico structural and functional characterization of Antheraea mylitta cocoonase. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:102. [PMID: 35816268 PMCID: PMC9273796 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Cocoonase is a serine protease present in sericigenous insects and majorly involved in dissolving of sericin protein allowing moth to escape. Cocoon structure is made up of sericin protein which holds fibroin filaments together. Cocoonase enzyme hydrolyzes sericin protein without harming the fibroin. However, until date, no detailed characterization of cocoonase enzyme and its presence in wild silk moth Antheraea mylitta has been carried out. Therefore, current study aimed for detailed characterization of amplified cocoonase enzyme, secondary and tertiary structure prediction, sequence and structural alignment, phylogenetic analysis, and computational validation. Several computational tools such as ProtParam, Iterative Threading Assembly Refinement (I-TASSER), PROCHECK, SAVES v6.0, TM-align, Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) X, and Figtree were employed for characterization of cocoonase protein. Results The present study elucidates about the isolation of RNA, cDNA preparation, PCR amplification, and in silico characterization of cocoonase from Antheraea mylitta. Here, total RNA was isolated from head region of A. mylitta, and gene-specific primers were designed using Primer3 followed by PCR-based amplification and sequencing. The newly constructed 377-bp length sequence of cocoonase was subjected to in silico characterization. In silico study of A. mylitta cocoonase showed 26% similarity to A. pernyi strain Qing-6 cocoonase using Blastp and belongs to member of chymotrypsin-like serine protease superfamily. From phylogenetic study, it was found that A. mylitta cocoonase sequence is closely related to A. pernyi cocoonase sequence. Conclusions The present study revealed about the detailed in silico characterization of cocoonase gene and encoded protein obtained from A. mylitta head region. The results obtained infer the presence of cocoonase enzyme in the wild silkworm A. mylitta and can be used for cocoon degumming which will be a valuable and cost-effective strategy in silk industry. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43141-022-00367-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sneha
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Dev Mani Pandey
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India.
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4
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The propeptide sequence assists the correct folding required for the enzymatic activity of cocoonase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 624:35-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Casafús MG, Gritti MA, González KY, Sánchez MN, Sciani JM, Martínez MM, Teibler GP, Peichoto ME. Unraveling the distinctive venomous features of the saturniid Hylesia sp.: An integrative approach of a public health concern in Argentina. Acta Trop 2022; 231:106428. [PMID: 35339435 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The saturniid genus Hylesia is well known for the cutaneous lepidopterism induced by airborne setae on contact with the skin. Although several cases of such dermatitis have been reported in Argentina, no information about their venoms and toxicological implications on human health is available yet. Thus, we conducted a morphological analysis of the setae/spines and a toxinological characterization (through biological assays and proteomic techniques) of the bristle extract from caterpillars and moths of Hylesia sp. from Misiones, Argentina. By scanning electron microscopy, we revealed the various and distinctive types of urticating structures: harpoon-shaped or spiny setae in caterpillars, and setae with barb-like structures in female moths. Their venom electrophoretic profiles were substantially different, presenting proteins related to toxicity, such as serpins and serine peptidases. The female moth venom exhibited higher caseinolytic activity than the caterpillar venom, and coincidentally only the former noticeably hydrolyzed fibrinogen and gelatin. In addition, the female venom displayed a dose-dependent procoagulant effect. The injection of this venom into mouse skin led to the rapid detection of an increased number of intact and degranulated mast cells in the dermis; a few areas of focal subcutaneous hemorrhage were also observed after 5 h of injection. Altogether, this study provides relevant information about the pathophysiological mechanisms whereby Hylesia sp. from northeastern Argentina can induce toxicity on human beings, and paves the way for treatment strategies of accidents caused by this saturniid lepidopteran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena G Casafús
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT) - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G Malbrán", Almafuerte y Ámbar s/n, 3370 Puerto, Iguazú, Argentina
| | - Micaela A Gritti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT) - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G Malbrán", Almafuerte y Ámbar s/n, 3370 Puerto, Iguazú, Argentina
| | - Karen Y González
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT) - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G Malbrán", Almafuerte y Ámbar s/n, 3370 Puerto, Iguazú, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Matías N Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Juliana M Sciani
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Universidade São Francisco, Av. São Francisco de Assis 218, 12916-900 Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - María M Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT) - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G Malbrán", Almafuerte y Ambar s/n, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | - Gladys P Teibler
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - María E Peichoto
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT) - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G Malbrán", Almafuerte y Ámbar s/n, 3370 Puerto, Iguazú, Argentina.
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Gai T, Tong X, Han M, Li C, Fang C, Zou Y, Hu H, Xiang H, Xiang Z, Lu C, Dai F. Cocoonase is indispensable for Lepidoptera insects breaking the sealed cocoon. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009004. [PMID: 32986696 PMCID: PMC7544147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many insects spin cocoons to protect the pupae from unfavorable environments and predators. After emerging from the pupa, the moths must escape from the sealed cocoons. Previous works identified cocoonase as the active enzyme loosening the cocoon to form an escape-hatch. Here, using bioinformatics tools, we show that cocoonase is specific to Lepidoptera and that it probably existed before the occurrence of lepidopteran insects spinning cocoons. Despite differences in cocooning behavior, we further show that cocoonase evolved by purification selection in Lepidoptera and that the selection is more intense in lepidopteran insects spinning sealed cocoons. Experimentally, we applied gene editing techniques to the silkworm Bombyx mori, which spins a dense and sealed cocoon, as a model of lepidopteran insects spinning sealed cocoons. We knocked out cocoonase using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The adults of homozygous knock-out mutants were completely formed and viable but stayed trapped and died naturally in the cocoon. This is the first experimental and phenotypic evidence that cocoonase is the determining factor for breaking the cocoon. This work led to a novel silkworm strain yielding permanently intact cocoons and provides a new strategy for controlling the pests that form cocoons. Spinning and cocooning are the instincts of many insects, providing a shelter to the residing pupae to resist adverse factors. After the metamorphosis of pupa into adult, the adult must break open the cocoon to emerge, which is called decocooning. We have bioinformatically identified that cocoonase is specific to Lepidoptera, and demonstrated that it is the determining factor for breaking the sealed cocoon experimentally for the first time. This work led to a novel silkworm strain yielding permanently intact cocoons and provides a new strategy for controlling the pests that form cocoons and for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (XT); (FD)
| | - Minjin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunlong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (XT); (FD)
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Joji K, Santhiagu A, Salim N. Computational modeling of culture media for enhanced production of fibrinolytic enzyme from marine bacterium Fictibacillus sp. strain SKA27 and in vitro evaluation of fibrinolytic activity. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:323. [PMID: 31406645 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the optimized production and purification of an extremely active fibrinolytic enzyme from newly isolated marine bacterium Fictibacillus sp. strain SKA27, with a specific activity of 125,107.85 U/mg and an apparent molecular weight of 28 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Wheat bran extract used for submerged production proved to be highly beneficial and enhanced fibrinolytic enzyme production when combined with yeast extract and CaCl2. Optimization of culture media by response surface methodology (RSM) resulted in high root mean square error (RMSE), which led to the training of a back propagation multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) with 3-5-1 topology for better prediction quality. The prediction and optimization capabilities of regression and ANN were critically examined and ANN displayed higher proficiency with R 2 of 0.99 and RMSE of 2.0 compared to 0.98 R 2 and 48.9 RMSE of the regression model. An adept ANN linked genetic algorithm (GA) optimized the medium components to achieve 1.8-fold higher enzyme production (4175.41 U/mL). Further, a new and improved in vitro qualitative analysis displayed high specificity of purified enzyme to fibrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Joji
- Bioprocess Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, 673601 India
| | - A Santhiagu
- Bioprocess Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, 673601 India
| | - Nisha Salim
- Bioprocess Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, 673601 India
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Smith G, Kelly JE, Macias-Muñoz A, Butts CT, Martin RW, Briscoe AD. Evolutionary and structural analyses uncover a role for solvent interactions in the diversification of cocoonases in butterflies. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2037. [PMID: 29298934 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-omic approaches promise to supply the power to detect genes underlying disease and fitness-related phenotypes. Optimal use of the resulting profusion of data requires detailed investigation of individual candidate genes, a challenging proposition. Here, we combine transcriptomic and genomic data with molecular modelling of candidate enzymes to characterize the evolutionary history and function of the serine protease cocoonase. Heliconius butterflies possess the unique ability to feed on pollen; recent work has identified cocoonase as a candidate gene in pollen digestion. Cocoonase was first described in moths, where it aids in eclosure from the cocoon and is present as a single copy gene. In heliconiine butterflies it is duplicated and highly expressed in the mouthparts of adults. At least six copies of cocoonase are present in Heliconius melpomene and copy number varies across H. melpomene sub-populations. Most cocoonase genes are under purifying selection, however branch-site analyses suggest cocoonase 3 genes may have evolved under episodic diversifying selection. Molecular modelling of cocoonase proteins and examination of their predicted structures revealed that the active site region of each type has a similar structure to trypsin, with the same predicted substrate specificity across types. Variation among heliconiine cocoonases instead lies in the outward-facing residues involved in solvent interaction. Thus, the neofunctionalization of cocoonase duplicates appears to have resulted from the need for these serine proteases to operate in diverse biochemical environments. We suggest that cocoonase may have played a buffering role in feeding during the diversification of Heliconius across the neotropics by enabling these butterflies to digest protein from a range of biochemical milieux.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA .,School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Brambell Laboratories, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - J E Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - A Macias-Muñoz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - C T Butts
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - R W Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - A D Briscoe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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9
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Mebius MM, Op Heij JMJ, Tielens AGM, de Groot PG, Urbanus RT, van Hellemond JJ. Fibrinogen and fibrin are novel substrates for Fasciola hepatica cathepsin L peptidases. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2018; 221:10-13. [PMID: 29414671 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin peptidases form a major component of the secreted proteins of the blood-feeding trematodes Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma mansoni. These peptidases fulfill many functions, from facilitating infection to feeding and immune evasion. In this study, we examined the Fasciola cathepsin L peptidases FhCL1, FhCL2, and FhCL3 and the schistosomal cathepsin peptidases SmCB1 and SmCL3 for their anticoagulant properties. Although no direct anticoagulant effect of these peptidases was observed, we discovered that cathepsin peptidases from Fasciola, but not from Schistosoma, were able to degrade purified fibrinogen, with FhCL1 having the highest fibrinogenolytic activity. Additionally, FhCL1 and FhCL2 both efficiently degraded fibrin. The lack of a direct anticoagulant or fibrinolytic effect of these peptidases is explained by their inhibition by plasma components. However, within the parasite gut, high concentrations of these peptidases could induce an anticoagulant environment, facilitating blood-feeding for extended periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam M Mebius
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jody M J Op Heij
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aloysius G M Tielens
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Philip G de Groot
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf T Urbanus
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap J van Hellemond
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Shamsi TN, Parveen R, Sen P, Fatima S. Purification and characterization of a novel trypsin-like protease from green-seeded chickpea (Cicer arientum). Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:513-519. [PMID: 28278112 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1292291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the purification and physicochemical and biochemical characterization of trypsin-like protease from green-seeded chickpea (Cicer arientum). The crude extract of chickpea trypsin (CpT) was obtained by homogenization followed by differential ammonium sulfate precipitation. The CpT was purified by ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) column, pre-equilibrated with 20 mM tris-CaCl2 buffer (pH 8.2) with a flow rate of 0.5 mL min-1. The molecular weight and purity of ∼23 kDa of CpT were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Activity of protease was determined using Nα-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide as chromogenic substrate and CpT purified showed a specific inhibitor activity of 26978.7697 U mg-1, fold purity of 9.8, and the yield of 70.2%. The characterization was performed for thermal stability, pH profile, and effect of various inhibitors on enzymatic activity. The protein isolated showed stability in the neutral to mild alkaline pH range and thermostability up to 50°C. CpT confirmed its serine nature as it was appreciably inhibited by serine protease inhibitors (maximum 6%), whereas metalloprotease inhibitors barely affected the activity of the enzyme (85%). To the best of our knowledge, it is first reported on purification of protease with trypsin-like properties, from this source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Naz Shamsi
- a Department of Biotechnology , Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi , India
| | - Romana Parveen
- a Department of Biotechnology , Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi , India
| | - Priyankar Sen
- b Centre for Bioseparation Technology, VIT , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Sadaf Fatima
- a Department of Biotechnology , Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi , India
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca L. Ware
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicester LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Martin R. Luck
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicester LE12 5RD, UK
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12
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Velusamy P, Pachaiappan R, Christopher M, Vaseeharan B, Anbu P, So JS. Isolation and identification of a novel fibrinolytic Bacillus tequilensis CWD-67 from dumping soils enriched with poultry wastes. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2016; 61:241-7. [PMID: 26782654 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.61.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A newly isolated strain, CWD-67, which exhibited high fibrinolytic activity, was screened from dumping soils enriched with poultry wastes. The strain was identified as Bacillus tequilensis (KF897935) by 16Sr RNA gene sequence analysis and biochemical characterization. A fibrinolytic enzyme was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant using ammonium sulfate precipitation, membrane concentration, dialysis, ion-exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the purified enzyme was a monomeric protein with an apparent molecular weight of 22 kDa, which is the lowest among Bacillus fibrinolytic enzymes reported to date. The purified enzyme was confirmed to have fibrinolytic activity by a fibrin zymogram. The optimal pH and temperature values of the enzyme were 8.0 and 45 °C, respectively. The enzyme was completely inhibited by PMSF and significantly inhibited by EDTA, TPCK, Co(2+), Zn(2+), and Cu(2+), suggesting a chymotrypsin-like serine metalloprotease. In vitro assays revealed that the purified enzyme could catalyze fibrin lysis effectively, indicating that this enzyme could be a useful fibrinolytic agent.
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Chu F, Wang X, Sun Q, Liang H, Wang S, An D, Cui C, Chai Y, Li S, Song S, Ji A. Purification and characterization of a novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Whitmania pigra Whitman. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016; 38:594-601. [PMID: 27668456 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2016.1174254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A fibrinolytic enzyme was purified from the dry body of Whitmania pigra Whitman. The fibrinolytic enzyme was purified to homogeneity with a yield of 0.003% and a purification of 630.7 fold. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 26.7 kDa by reduced sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The enzyme was tested by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and it showed that the enzyme was a novel fibrinolytic enzyme. The optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme were 8.5 and 55°C, respectively. Enzyme activity was enhanced by Na+, Mg2+, and K+. On the contrary, the proteolytic activity was significantly inhibited by Mn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)tetraacetic acid (EGTA). Fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic assays showed that the enzyme preferentially hydrolyzed fibrinogen Aα-chains, followed by Bβ- and γ-chains. The α-, β-, and γ-γ-chains of fibrin were also degraded by the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Chu
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Hao Liang
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Sijian Wang
- d Zaozhuang Mining Group Central Hospital , Zaozhuang , China
| | - Dengkun An
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Chao Cui
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Yuchao Chai
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Shuaishuai Li
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Shuliang Song
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Aiguo Ji
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,c School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , Jinan , China
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14
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Tian Z, Li B, Guo L, Wu M, Fu T, Cheng H, Zhu H. Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel fibrinolytic enzyme, PSLTro01, from a medicinal animal Porcellio scaber Latreille. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 80:536-46. [PMID: 26123818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel protease, named PSLTro01, with fibrinolytic and anticoagulant activity was isolated from Porcellio scaber Latreille and was purified by a combination of hollow fibre membrane molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. PSLTro01 is a single-chain protein with a molecular mass of 38,497 Da as estimated by non-reduced SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS spectrometry, and its N-terminal 15 amino acid sequence was determined as DINGGGATLPQPLYQ. PSLTro01 is stable in the range of 20-40 °C and pH 6.0-10.0, with a maximum fibrinolytic activity at 40 °C and pH 7.0. The PSLTro01-induced fibrinolytic activity was not influenced by K(+) or Na(+) but was slightly increased by Mg(2+) and completely inhibited by aprotinin and pepstatin A. Fibrin plate assays revealed that PSLTro01 could not directly degrade fibrin but was a plasminogen activator. PSLTro01 exhibited high specificity for the substrate S-2251 for plasmin, followed by S-2238 for thrombin and S-2444 for urokinase. Moreover, the fibrinogenolysis pattern of PSLTro01 was Aα-chains>Bβ-chains>γ-chain. Tail-thrombus of the enzyme treated group was significantly shorter than the physiological saline treated group and the thrombus decrement was correlated with the enzyme dose. PSLTro01 prolongs both thrombin time (TT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). These results indicate that PSLTro01 may have potential applications in the prevention and treatment of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Tian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Separation Engineering for Chinese Medicine Compound, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Bo Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Liwei Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Separation Engineering for Chinese Medicine Compound, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Mianhua Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Tingming Fu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Separation Engineering for Chinese Medicine Compound, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Haibo Cheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Huaxu Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Separation Engineering for Chinese Medicine Compound, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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15
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Majumdar S, Dutta S, Das T, Chattopadhyay P, Mukherjee AK. Antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity of a fibrin(ogen)olytic protease from Bacillus cereus strain FF01. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:477-89. [PMID: 25964180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibrin(ogen)olytic enzymes offer great promise for the treatment of thrombosis associated disorders. The present study describes the characterization of an extracellular fibrin(ogen)olytic serine protease (named Bacethrombase) purified from the Bacillus cereus strain FF01. The molecular mass of the Bacethrombase was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectroscopy analyses at 39.5 kDa and 38,450.51 Da, respectively. The peptide mass fingerprinting and analyses of the composition of the amino acids revealed the similarity of the Bacethrombase to the bacterial serine proteases. The secondary structure of the Bacethrombase was composed of 14% helix, 6.6% beta-sheet, and 79.4% random coil. Bacethrombase was found to contain 48% sialic acid and it preferentially degraded the Aα-chain of fibrinogen, as well as fibrin. The anticoagulant potency of the Bacethrombase was comparable with that of warfarin and heparin, and was corroborated by its fibrinogenolytic activity rather than the inhibition of thrombin, prothrombin or FXa. Bacethrombase demonstrated antiplatelet activity, and dose-dependently inhibited the ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Bacethrombase (10 mg/kg) did not show toxicity after i.v. administration in Wistar rats; however, it revealed an in vivo anticoagulant effect and significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced in vivo thrombus formation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Majumdar
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Sumita Dutta
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Tanusree Das
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defense Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India.
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16
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Unajak S, Aroonluke S, Promboon A. An active recombinant cocoonase from the silkworm Bombyx mori: bleaching, degumming and sericin degrading activities. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1179-1189. [PMID: 25042939 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocoonase is a serine protease produced by silk moths and used for softening the cocoons so that they can escape. Degumming is one of the important steps in silk processing. This research aimed to produce an active recombinant Bombyx mori cocoonase (BmCoc) for the silk degumming process. RESULTS A recombinant BmCoc was successfully expressed in a Pichia pastoris system. The purified enzyme showed specific activity of 227 U mg(-1) protein, 2.4-fold purification, 95% yield and a molecular weight of 26 kDa. The enzyme exhibited optimal temperature at 40 °C and optimal pH at 8, and showed thermal stability at 25-45 °C and pH stability at 5-9. The recombinant enzyme exhibited sericin degumming ability and color bleaching characteristics, and did not affect the fibroin fiber. The enzyme also degraded sericin substrate with a product size about 30-70 kDa. CONCLUSION In this study, we successfully produced the active recombinant BmCoc in P. pastoris with promising functions for the Thai silk degumming process, which includes degumming, sericin degrading and color bleaching activities. Our data clearly indicated that the recombinant enzyme had proteolytic activity on sericin but not on fibroin proteins. The recombinant BmCoc has proven to be suitable for numerous applications in the silk industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasimanas Unajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, The Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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17
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Majumdar S, Chattopadhyay P, Mukherjee AK. In Vivo Anticoagulant and Thrombolytic Activities of a Fibrinolytic Serine Protease (Brevithrombolase) With the k-Carrageenan-Induced Rat Tail Thrombosis Model. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2015; 22:594-8. [PMID: 25657326 DOI: 10.1177/1076029615569567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, in vivo thrombolysis efficiency of Brevithrombolase, a nontoxic fibrinolytic enzyme purified from Brevibacillus brevis strain FF02B, was affirmed by significant inhibition of thrombus formation in the k-carrageenan-induced rat tail, in a dose-dependent manner. Brevithrombolase at a dose of 600 µg/kg showed an efficacy that was comparable to streptokinase and plasmin, in dissolving in vivo thrombus of k-carrageenan-treated rats under identical conditions. The in vivo anticoagulant property of Brevithrombolase was demonstrated by its prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time in Wistar rats. However, the Brevithrombolase-treated rats demonstrated an insignificant decrease in fibrinogen (Fg) level of plasma compared with Fg level of control group of rats corroborating in vivo as well as in vitro anticoagulant activity of Brevithrombolase is due to its hydrolytic action on thrombin. These findings unequivocally suggest that Brevithrombolase may serve a promising alternative to the commercial thrombolytic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Majumdar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, School of Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | | | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, School of Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
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