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Marto CM, Laranjo M, Gonçalves AC, Paula A, Jorge J, Caetano-Oliveira R, Sousa MI, Oliveiros B, Ramalho-Santos J, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Marques-Ferreira M, Cabrita A, Botelho MF, Carrilho E. In Vitro Characterization of Reversine-Treated Gingival Fibroblasts and Their Safety Evaluation after In Vivo Transplantation. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:207. [PMID: 38399261 PMCID: PMC10892828 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Reversine is a purine derivative that has been investigated with regard to its biological effects, such as its anticancer properties and, mostly, its ability to induce the dedifferentiation of adult cells, increasing their plasticity. The obtained dedifferentiated cells have a high potential for use in regenerative procedures, such as regenerative dentistry (RD). Instead of replacing the lost or damaged oral tissues with synthetic materials, RD uses stem cells combined with matrices and an appropriate microenvironment to achieve tissue regeneration. However, the currently available stem cell sources present limitations, thus restricting the potential of RD. Based on this problem, new sources of stem cells are fundamental. This work aims to characterize mouse gingival fibroblasts (GFs) after dedifferentiation with reversine. Different administration protocols were tested, and the cells obtained were evaluated regarding their cell metabolism, protein and DNA contents, cell cycle changes, morphology, cell death, genotoxicity, and acquisition of stem cell characteristics. Additionally, their teratoma potential was evaluated after in vivo transplantation. Reversine caused toxicity at higher concentrations, with decreased cell metabolic activity and protein content. The cells obtained displayed polyploidy, a cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and showed an enlarged size. Additionally, apoptosis and genotoxicity were found at higher reversine concentrations. A subpopulation of the GFs possessed stem properties, as supported by the increased expression of CD90, CD105, and TERT, the existence of a CD106+ population, and their trilineage differentiation capacity. The dedifferentiated cells did not induce teratoma formation. The extensive characterization performed shows that significant functional, morphological, and genetic changes occur during the dedifferentiation process. The dedifferentiated cells have some stem-like characteristics, which are of interest for RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Miguel Marto
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice and Laboratory of Evidence-Based and Precision Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal (E.C.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (B.O.); (M.M.-F.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (B.O.); (M.M.-F.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (B.O.); (M.M.-F.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Paula
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice and Laboratory of Evidence-Based and Precision Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal (E.C.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (B.O.); (M.M.-F.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Jorge
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (B.O.); (M.M.-F.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Caetano-Oliveira
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (B.O.); (M.M.-F.)
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Germano de Sousa—Centro de Diagnóstico Histopatológico CEDAP, University of Coimbra, 3000-377 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Sousa
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Oliveiros
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (B.O.); (M.M.-F.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Ramalho-Santos
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (B.O.); (M.M.-F.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH) and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Marques-Ferreira
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (B.O.); (M.M.-F.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Cabrita
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (B.O.); (M.M.-F.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice and Laboratory of Evidence-Based and Precision Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal (E.C.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (B.O.); (M.M.-F.)
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
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Kadota Y, Kawakami T, Sato M, Suzuki S. Mouse mesoderm-specific transcript inhibits adipogenic differentiation and induces trans-differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells in 3T3-L1 preadiocytes. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:164. [PMID: 35538505 PMCID: PMC9092885 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mesoderm-specific transcript (Mest) is an imprinted gene that is transcribed from the paternal allele. It is a marker of adipose tissue expansion; however, it is uncertain whether Mest expression promotes or suppresses adipogenic differentiation. To elucidate the effects of Mest expression on adipogenic differentiation, we transfected an expression vector or siRNA for mouse Mest into 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocyte cell line. RESULTS In differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Mest overexpression decreased lipid accumulation. Conversely, gene silencing of Mest increased the accumulation of lipid droplets in adipocytes. These results demonstrate that Mest negatively regulates adipocyte differentiation. Further, Mest induced trans-differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into hepatocytes, and its overexpression induced the expression of hepatocyte marker genes, including albumin and α-fetoprotein. In the presence of dexamethasone, the forced expression of the Mest caused morphological changes in 3T3-L1 cells. Cells were flat and polygonal shapes, with an increased accumulation of intracellular glycogen and other features that are typical of hepatocytes. Therefore, Mest inhibits adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by inducing hepatocyte trans-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Kadota
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashige Kawakami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masao Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinya Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
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Brener A, Zeitlin L, Wilnai Y, Birk OS, Rosenfeld T, Chorna E, Lebenthal Y. Looking for the skeleton in the closet-rare genetic diagnoses in patients with diabetes and skeletal manifestations. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:711-719. [PMID: 35137278 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-01854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The precision medicine approach of tailoring treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient has been a great success in monogenic diabetes subtypes, highlighting the importance of accurate clinical and genetic diagnoses of the type of diabetes. We sought to describe three unique cases of childhood-onset diabetes in whom skeletal manifestations led to the revelation of a rare type of diabetes. METHODS : Case-scenarios and review of the literature. RESULTS Case 1: A homozygous mutation in TRMT10A, a tRNA methyltransferase, was identified in a 15-year-old boy with new-onset diabetes, developmental delay, microcephaly, dysmorphism, short stature and central obesity. The progressive apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells required insulin replacement therapy, with increased demand due to an unfavorable body composition. Case 2: Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1 was suspected in an adolescent male with an acromegaloid facial appearance, muscular habitus, and diabetes who presented with a pathological fracture in a cystic bone lesion. A homozygous mutation in AGPAT2, an acyl transferase which mediates the formation of phospholipid precursors, was identified. Leptin replacement therapy initiation resulted in a remarkable improvement in clinical parameters. Case 3: A 12-year-old boy with progressive lower limb weakness and pain was diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis. Diffuse diaphyseal osteosclerosis compatible with the diagnosis of Camurati-Engelmann disease and a heterozygous mutation in TGFβ1 were identified. Preservation of euglycemia by insulin replacement relieved pain, suggesting that the diabetic milieu may have augmented TGFβ1 overexpression. CONCLUSION Unraveling the precise genetic cause for the clinical manifestations led to the prediction of phenotypic manifestations, and enhanced the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avivit Brener
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Leonid Zeitlin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Orthopedic Department, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Wilnai
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Genetics Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ohad S Birk
- Genetics Institute at Soroka Medical Center and the Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human GeneticsFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Talya Rosenfeld
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Nutrition & Dietetics Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Chorna
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Social Services, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Lebenthal
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Liang K, Du Y, Chen L, Wang L, Li R, Yan Z, Liu Y. Contrary Roles of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in BMP9-Induced Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:347-356. [PMID: 32720112 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that 3T3-L1 preadipocytes can differentiate to either osteoblasts or adipocytes in response to bone morphogenic protein 9 (BMP9). In the present study, we try to further investigate whether the Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a crucial role in this process. It was found that BMP9 effectively activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and induced the expression levels of certain canonical Wnt ligands and their receptors in preadipocytes. Exogenous expression of β-catenin, Wnt1, Wnt3a, and Wnt10b potentiated BMP9-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, while β-catenin knockdown or Dickkopf 1 (Dkk1) diminished BMP9-induced ALP activity. Moreover, it was demonstrated that β-catenin overexpression promoted BMP9-induced mineralization, and increased the expression levels of late osteogenic markers osteopontin and osteocalcin. Furthermore, β-catenin inhibited BMP9-induced lipid accumulation and the adipogenic marker adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2). The cell-implantation assay results identified that β-catenin not only augmented BMP9-induced ectopic bone formation, but also blocked adipogenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, it was found that β-catenin and BMP9 synergistically stimulated the osteogenic transcription factors runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix (OSX). However, BMP9-induced adipogenic transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), were inhibited by β-catenin. Therefore, these findings suggested that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, potentially via the modulation of osteogenic and adipogenic transcriptional factors, exerts an opposite effect on BMP9-induced osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailu Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhengjian Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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Huang D, Huang Y, Huang Z, Weng J, Zhang S, Gu W. Relation of AURKB over-expression to low survival rate in BCRA and reversine-modulated aurora B kinase in breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:166. [PMID: 31244554 PMCID: PMC6582545 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New therapeutic drug for breast cancer (BRCA), especially triple negative BRCA (TNBC), is urgently needed. Even though 2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6-cyclohexylaminopurine (reversine) is an aurora kinase inhibitor, it also inhibits some cancer cells and human BRCA cells. However, the potential roles of reversine as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of BRCA remains unknown and must be further investigation. Thus, the relationship of reversine to aurora kinase in BCRA has not been reported. The relationship between AURKB and survival rate in BRCA has never been reported. Herein, we tested the roles of reversine on different BRCA cell line subtypes. We also investigated the relationship between AURKB and survival rate in BRCA as well as reversine to Aurora kinase expression in BCRA cell lines, including TNBC subtype, 4T1, MDA-MB-231, and luminal subtype MCF-7. Methods Cell viability and apoptosis were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Apoptotic and tumor-related proteins were tested using Western blot analysis. Important microRNAs that regulate BRCA were analyzed using RT-PCR. UALCAN public databases were used to analyze the targeted gene profiles, and the PROGgeneV2 database was used to study the prognostic implications of genes. Results Reversine inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by modulating caspase-3 and bax/bcl-2 among the three cell lines. Data from the UALCAN public database show that BRCA tissues expressed high gene levels of AURKB, TIMP1, MMP9, and TGFB1 compared with the normal tissue. Among the over-expressed genes in BRCA, AURKB ranks 9th in TNBC, 49th in luminal subtype, and 48th in HER2 subtype. High AURKB level in BRCA is highly related to the low survival rate in patients displayed in 18 databases searched via PROGgeneV2. The protein levels of aurora B kinase (Aurora B), which is encoded by AURKB gene, are highly suppressed by reversine in the three cell lines. The tumor-related proteins TGF-β1, TIMP1, and MMP9 are partially suppressed by reversine but with different sensitivity in the three cell lines. The reversine-affected microRNAs, such as miR129-5p, miR-199a-3p, and miR-3960, in MDA-MB-231 cell line might be the research targets in TNBC regulation. Conclusions In BRCA, the level of AURKB are over-expressed and is related to low survival rate. Reversine contributes to anti-growth effect in BRCA cell lines, especially for TNBC, by modulating the aurora B. However, the invasiveness, metastasis, and anti-tumor effects of reversine in vivo and in vitro must be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510180 Guangdong China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510180 Guangdong China
| | - Zisheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510180 Guangdong China
| | - Jiefeng Weng
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510180 Guangdong China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510180 Guangdong China
| | - Weili Gu
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No.1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510180 Guangdong China
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Soltani L, Rahmani HR, Daliri Joupari M, Ghaneialvar H, Mahdavi AH, Shamsara M. Effects of Different Concentrations of Reversine on Plasticity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 35:188-196. [PMID: 32226250 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-018-0800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dedifferentiation can be induced by small molecules. One of these small molecules used in this study in order to increase the plasticity of differentiation of stem cells was reversine. The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of reversine on the plasticity of ovine fetal bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). BM-MSCs were extracted from ovine fetal and cultured. Passaged-3 cells were evaluated for their differentiation potential into osteocytes and adipocytes cells. In the present study, BM-MSCs were culture plated in the presence of 0, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 nM of reversine. The number of viable cells was determined by MTT test after addition of different concentrations of reversine. Furthermore, expression of the nanog gene was evaluated. The culture without reversine was taken as the control group. Expression of nanog was analysed by immunocytochemistry. Multi-lineage differentiation showed that the BM-MSCs could be differentiated into adipose cells and osteocytes. Our results indicated that the addition of 1200 nM of reversine to medium significantly decreased overall proliferation compared to the other treatment groups (p > 0.05). Real-time PCR analysis showed that after addition of 600 nM of reversine significantly increased nanog expression compared to other treatments. All treatments received reversine were seen to be relative expression of nanog. Our findings confirm that low concentrations reversine increases the plasticity of ovine BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Soltani
- 1Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.,2Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahmani
- 1Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Daliri Joupari
- 3Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hori Ghaneialvar
- 4Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,5Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahdavi
- 1Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- 6National Center for Transgenic Mouse Research, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Kim S, Park JW, Lee MG, Nam KH, Park JH, Oh H, Lee J, Han J, Yi SA, Han JW. Reversine promotes browning of white adipocytes by suppressing miR-133a. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3800-3813. [PMID: 30132867 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes are characterized by a high number of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-positive mitochondrial content and increased thermogenic capacity. As UCP1-enriched cells can consume lipids by generating heat, browning of white adipocytes is now highlighted as a promising approach for the prevention of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Upon cold exposure or β-adrenergic stimuli, downregulation of microRNA-133 (miR-133) elevates the expression levels of PR domain containing 16 (Prdm16), which has been shown to be a brown adipose determination factor, in brown adipose tissue and subcutaneous white adipose tissues (WAT). Here, we show that treatment of reversine to white adipocytes induces browning via suppression of miR-133a. Reversine treatment promoted the expression of brown adipocyte marker genes, such as Prdm16 and UCP1, increasing the mitochondrial content, while decreasing the levels of miR-133a and white adipocyte marker genes. Ectopic expression of miR-133a mimic reversed the browning effects of the reversine treatment. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration of reversine in mice upregulated thermogenesis and resulted in resistance to high-fat diet-mediated weight gain as well as browning of subcutaneous and epididymal WAT. Taken together, we found a novel way to promote browning of white adipocytes through downregulation of miR-133a followed by activation of Prdm16, with a synthetic chemical, reversine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saetbyul Kim
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong Woo Park
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ki Hong Nam
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jee Hun Park
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hwamok Oh
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jihoon Han
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Ah Yi
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jeung-Whan Han
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Baranek M, Belter A, Naskręt-Barciszewska MZ, Stobiecki M, Markiewicz WT, Barciszewski J. Effect of small molecules on cell reprogramming. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:277-313. [PMID: 27918060 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00595k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The essential idea of regenerative medicine is to fix or replace tissues or organs with alive and patient-specific implants. Pluripotent stem cells are able to indefinitely self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of the body which makes them a potent substantial player in regenerative medicine. The easily accessible source of induced pluripotent stem cells may allow obtaining and cultivating tissues in vitro. Reprogramming refers to regression of mature cells to its initial pluripotent state. One of the approaches affecting pluripotency is the usage of low molecular mass compounds that can modulate enzymes and receptors leading to the formation of pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). It would be great to assess the general character of such compounds and reveal their new derivatives or modifications to increase the cell reprogramming efficiency. Many improvements in the methods of pluripotency induction have been made by various groups in order to limit the immunogenicity and tumorigenesis, increase the efficiency and accelerate the kinetics. Understanding the epigenetic changes during the cellular reprogramming process will extend the comprehension of stem cell biology and lead to potential therapeutic approaches. There are compounds which have been already proven to be or for now only putative inducers of the pluripotent state that may substitute for the classic reprogramming factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) in order to improve the time and efficiency of pluripotency induction. The effect of small molecules on gene expression is dosage-dependent and their application concentration needs to be strictly determined. In this review we analysed the role of small molecules in modulations leading to pluripotency induction, thereby contributing to our understanding of stem cell biology and uncovering the major mechanisms involved in that process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baranek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - A Belter
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - M Z Naskręt-Barciszewska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - M Stobiecki
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - W T Markiewicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - J Barciszewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego str. 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
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Kim WH, Shen H, Jung DW, Williams DR. Some leopards can change their spots: potential repositioning of stem cell reprogramming compounds as anti-cancer agents. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:157-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Soltani L, Rahmani HR, Daliri Joupari M, Ghaneialvar H, Mahdavi AH, Shamsara M. Ovine fetal mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to cardiomyocytes, effects of co-culture, role of small molecules; reversine and 5-azacytidine. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:250-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Soltani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahmani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - Morteza Daliri Joupari
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB); Tehran Iran
| | - Hori Ghaneialvar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB); Tehran Iran
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11
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Fan J, Sun Z. The Antiaging Gene Klotho Regulates Proliferation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1615-25. [PMID: 26865060 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Klotho was originally discovered as an aging-suppressor gene. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether secreted Klotho (SKL) affects the proliferation and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that short-form Klotho was expressed in mouse ADSCs. The Klotho gene mutation KL(-/-) significantly decreased proliferation of ADSCs and expression of pluripotent transcription factors (Nanog, Sox-2, and Oct-4) in mice. The adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs was also decreased in KL(-/-) mice. Incubation with Klotho-deficient medium decreased ADSC proliferation, pluripotent transcription factor levels, and adipogenic differentiation, which is similar to what was found in KL(-/-) mice. These results indicate that Klotho deficiency suppresses ADSC proliferation and differentiation. Interestingly, treatment with recombinant SKL protein rescued the Klotho deficiency-induced impairment in ADSC proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. SKL also regulated ADSCs' differentiation to other cell lineages (osteoblasts, myofibroblasts), indicating that SKL maintains stemness of ADSCs. It is intriguing that overexpression of SKL significantly increased PPAR-γ expression and lipid formation in ADSCs following adipogenic induction, indicating enhanced adipogenic differentiation. Overexpression of SKL inhibited expression of TGFβ1 and its downstream signaling mediator Smad2/3. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that SKL is essential to the maintenance of normal proliferation and differentiation in ADSCs. Klotho regulates adipogenic differentiation in ADSCs, likely via inhibition of TGFβ1 and activation of PPAR-γ. Stem Cells 2016;34:1615-1625.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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12
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Chang AS, Hathaway CK, Smithies O, Kakoki M. Transforming growth factor-β1 and diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 310:F689-F696. [PMID: 26719364 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00502.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is established to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The diabetic milieu enhances oxidative stress and induces the expression of TGF-β1. TGF-β1 promotes cell hypertrophy and extracellular matrix accumulation in the mesangium, which decreases glomerular filtration rate and leads to chronic renal failure. Recently, TGF-β1 has been demonstrated to regulate urinary albumin excretion by both increasing glomerular permeability and decreasing reabsorption in the proximal tubules. TGF-β1 also increases urinary excretion of water, electrolytes and glucose by suppressing tubular reabsorption in both normal and diabetic conditions. Although TGF-β1 exerts hypertrophic and fibrogenic effects in diabetic nephropathy, whether suppression of the function of TGF-β1 can be an option to prevent or treat the complication is still controversial. This is partly because adrenal production of mineralocorticoids could be augmented by the suppression of TGF-β1. However, differentiating the molecular mechanisms for glomerulosclerosis from those for the suppression of the effects of mineralocorticoids by TGF-β1 may assist in developing novel therapeutic strategies for diabetic nephropathy. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the role of TGF-β1 in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert S Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Catherine K Hathaway
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Oliver Smithies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Masao Kakoki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW It is well established that blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is effective for the treatment of cardiovascular and renal complications in hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Although the induction of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) by components of the RAAS mediates the hypertrophic and fibrogenic changes in cardiovascular-renal complications, it is still controversial as to whether TGFbeta1 can be a target to prevent such complications. Here, we review recent findings on the role of TGFbeta1 in fluid homeostasis, focusing on the relationship with aldosterone. RECENT FINDINGS TGFbeta1 suppresses the adrenal production of aldosterone and renal tubular sodium reabsorption. We have generated mice with TGFbeta1 mRNA expression graded in five steps, from 10 to 300% of normal, and found that blood pressure and plasma volume are negatively regulated by TGFbeta1. Notably, the 10% hypomorph exhibits primary aldosteronism and sodium and water retention due to markedly impaired urinary excretion of water and electrolytes. SUMMARY These results identify TGFbeta signalling as an important counterregulatory system against aldosterone. Understanding the molecular mechanisms for the suppressive effects of TGFbeta1 on adrenocortical and renal function may further our understanding of primary aldosteronism, as well as assist in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for hypertension.
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Bionaz M, Monaco E, Wheeler MB. Transcription Adaptation during In Vitro Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis of Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Dynamics of Pathways, Biological Processes, Up-Stream Regulators, and Gene Networks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137644. [PMID: 26398344 PMCID: PMC4580618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for bone regeneration is growing. Among MSC the bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) are considered the gold standard in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine; however, the adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) have very similar properties and some advantages to be considered a good alternative to BMSC. The molecular mechanisms driving adipogenesis are relatively well-known but mechanisms driving osteogenesis are poorly known, particularly in pig. In the present study we have used transcriptome analysis to unravel pathways and biological functions driving in vitro adipogenesis and osteogenesis in BMSC and ASC. The analysis was performed using the novel Dynamic Impact Approach and functional enrichment analysis. In addition, a k-mean cluster analysis in association with enrichment analysis, networks reconstruction, and transcription factors overlapping analysis were performed in order to uncover the coordination of biological functions underlining differentiations. Analysis indicated a larger and more coordinated transcriptomic adaptation during adipogenesis compared to osteogenesis, with a larger induction of metabolism, particularly lipid synthesis (mostly triglycerides), and a larger use of amino acids for synthesis of feed-forward adipogenic compounds, larger cell signaling, lower cell-to-cell interactions, particularly for the cytoskeleton organization and cell junctions, and lower cell proliferation. The coordination of adipogenesis was mostly driven by Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors together with other known adipogenic transcription factors. Only a few pathways and functions were more induced during osteogenesis compared to adipogenesis and some were more inhibited during osteogenesis, such as cholesterol and protein synthesis. Up-stream transcription factor analysis indicated activation of several lipid-related transcription regulators (e.g., PPARs and CEBPα) during adipogenesis but osteogenesis was driven by inhibition of several up-stream regulators, such as MYC. Between MSCs the data indicated an ‘adipocyte memory’ in ASC with also an apparent lower immunogenicity compared to BMSC during differentiations. Overall the analysis allowed proposing a dynamic model for the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in porcine ASC and BMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bionaz
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering in the Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Elisa Monaco
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering in the Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Wheeler
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering in the Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Maguire G, Friedman P. Systems biology approach to developing S 2RM-based “systems therapeutics” and naturally induced pluripotent stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:745-756. [PMID: 26029345 PMCID: PMC4444614 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i4.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The degree to, and the mechanisms through, which stem cells are able to build, maintain, and heal the body have only recently begun to be understood. Much of the stem cell’s power resides in the release of a multitude of molecules, called stem cell released molecules (SRM). A fundamentally new type of therapeutic, namely “systems therapeutic”, can be realized by reverse engineering the mechanisms of the SRM processes. Recent data demonstrates that the composition of the SRM is different for each type of stem cell, as well as for different states of each cell type. Although systems biology has been successfully used to analyze multiple pathways, the approach is often used to develop a small molecule interacting at only one pathway in the system. A new model is emerging in biology where systems biology is used to develop a new technology acting at multiple pathways called “systems therapeutics”. A natural set of healing pathways in the human that uses SRM is instructive and of practical use in developing systems therapeutics. Endogenous SRM processes in the human body use a combination of SRM from two or more stem cell types, designated as S2RM, doing so under various state dependent conditions for each cell type. Here we describe our approach in using state-dependent SRM from two or more stem cell types, S2RM technology, to develop a new class of therapeutics called “systems therapeutics.” Given the ubiquitous and powerful nature of innate S2RM-based healing in the human body, this “systems therapeutic” approach using S2RM technology will be important for the development of anti-cancer therapeutics, antimicrobials, wound care products and procedures, and a number of other therapeutics for many indications.
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Smith NC, Fairbridge NA, Pallegar NK, Christian SL. Dynamic upregulation of CD24 in pre-adipocytes promotes adipogenesis. Adipocyte 2015; 4:89-100. [PMID: 26167413 DOI: 10.4161/21623945.2014.985015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of mature adipocytes from pre-adipocytes is a highly regulated process. CD24 is a glycophosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface receptor that has been identified as a critical cell surface marker for identifying pre-adipocytes that are able to reconstitute white adipose tissue (WAT) in vivo. Here, we examined the role and regulation of CD24 during adipogenesis in vitro. We found that CD24 mRNA and protein expression is upregulated early during adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and in murine primary pre-adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous and visceral WAT, followed by downregulation in mature adipocytes. CD24 mRNA expression was found to be dependent on increased transcription due to increased promoter activity in response to activation of a pre-existing transcriptional regulator. Furthermore, either intracellular cAMP or dexamethasone were sufficient to increase expression in pre-adipocytes, while both additively increased CD24 expression. Preventing the increase in CD24 expression, by siRNA-mediated knock-down, resulted in fewer mature lipid-laden adipocytes and decreased expression of mature adipogenic genes. Therefore, conditions experienced during adipogenesis in vitro are sufficient to increase CD24 expression, which is necessary for differentiation. Overall, we conclude that the dynamic upregulation of CD24 actively promotes adipogenesis in vitro.
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Key Words
- 3T3-L1
- ADSC, adipose-derived stem cell
- ActD, actinomycin-D
- BCA, bicinchoninic acid
- CD24
- CHX, cycloheximide
- Dex, dexamethasone
- GR, glucocorticoid receptor
- IBMX
- IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
- KRH, krebs-ringer-HEPES bicarbonate buffer
- NCS, newborn calf serum
- PKG, cGMP-dependent protein kinase
- SVF, stromal vascular fraction
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- adipogenesis
- adipoq, adiponectin
- dexamethasone
- primary pre-adipocytes
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Yang X, Li CJ, Wan Y, Smith P, Shang G, Cui Q. Antioxidative fullerol promotes osteogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4023-31. [PMID: 25187705 PMCID: PMC4149442 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s66785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants were implicated as potential reagents to enhance osteogenesis, and nano-fullerenes have been demonstrated to have a great antioxidative capacity by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In this study, we assessed the impact of a polyhydroxylated fullerene, fullerol, on the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Fullerol was not toxic against human ADSCs at concentrations up to 10 μM. At a concentration of 1 μM, fullerol reduced cellular reactive oxygen species after a 5-day incubation either in the presence or in the absence of osteogenic media. Pretreatment of fullerol for 7 days increased the osteogenic potential of human ADSCs. Furthermore, when incubated together with osteogenic medium, fullerol promoted osteogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, fullerol proved to promote expression of FoxO1, a major functional isoform of forkhead box O transcription factors that defend against reactive oxygen species in bone. Although further clarification of related mechanisms is required, the findings may help further development of a novel approach for bone repair, using combined treatment of nano-fullerol with ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ching-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yueping Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Pinar Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Guowei Shang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Quanjun Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Matsuki K, Hathaway CK, Lawrence MG, Smithies O, Kakoki M. The role of transforming growth factor β1 in the regulation of blood pressure. Curr Hypertens Rev 2014; 10:223-38. [PMID: 25801626 PMCID: PMC4842018 DOI: 10.2174/157340211004150319123313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although human association studies suggest a link between polymorphisms in the gene encoding transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and differing blood pressure levels, a causative mechanism for this correlation remains elusive. Recently we have generated a series of mice with graded expression of TGFβ1, ranging from approximately 10% to 300% compared to normal. We have found that blood pressure and plasma volume are negatively regulated by TGFβ1. Of note, the 10% hypomorph exhibits primary aldosteronism and markedly impaired urinary excretion of water and electrolytes. We here review previous literature highlighting the importance of TGFβ signaling as a natriuretic system, which we postulate is a causative mechanism explaining how polymorphisms in TGFβ1 could influence blood pressure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Masao Kakoki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7525, 701 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA.
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