1
|
Requena-Jimenez A, Nabiuni M, Miyan JA. Profound changes in cerebrospinal fluid proteome and metabolic profile are associated with congenital hydrocephalus. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:3400-3414. [PMID: 34415213 PMCID: PMC8669293 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211039612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology of congenital hydrocephalus (cHC) has yet to be resolved. cHC manifests late in rodent gestation, and by 18-22 weeks in human fetuses, coinciding with the start of the major phase of cerebral cortex development. Previously we found that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation is associated with compositional changes, folate metabolic impairment and consequential arrest in cortical development. Here, we report a proteomics study on hydrocephalic and normal rat CSF using LC-MSMS and a metabolic pathway analysis to determine the major changes in metabolic and signalling pathways. Non-targeted analysis revealed a proteome transformation across embryonic days 17-20, with the largest changes between day 19 and 20. This provides evidence for a physiological shift in CSF composition and identifies some of the molecular mechanisms unleashed during the onset of cHC. Top molecular regulators that may control the shift in the CSF metabolic signature are also predicted, with potential key biomarkers proposed for early detection of these changes that might be used to develop targeted early therapies for this condition. This study confirms previous findings of a folate metabolic imbalance as well as providing more in depth metabolic analysis and understanding of cHC CSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Requena-Jimenez
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mohammad Nabiuni
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jaleel A Miyan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang S, Zhan L, Li X, Yang Z, Luo Y, Zhao H. Preclinical and clinical progress for HDAC as a putative target for epigenetic remodeling and functionality of immune cells. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3381-3400. [PMID: 34512154 PMCID: PMC8416716 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic changes are difficult to reverse; thus, epigenetic aberrations, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs, with potential reversibility, have attracted attention as pharmaceutical targets. The current paradigm is that histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate gene expression via deacetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins or by forming corepressor complexes with transcription factors. The emergence of epigenetic tools related to HDACs can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic markers. HDAC inhibitors that block specific or a series of HDACs have proven to be a powerful therapeutic treatment for immune-related diseases. Here, we summarize the various roles of HDACs and HDAC inhibitors in the development and function of innate and adaptive immune cells and their implications for various diseases and therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zhang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjun Zhan
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhong Yang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kantzer CG, Parmigiani E, Cerrato V, Tomiuk S, Knauel M, Jungblut M, Buffo A, Bosio A. ACSA-2 and GLAST classify subpopulations of multipotent and glial-restricted cerebellar precursors. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2228-2249. [PMID: 34060113 PMCID: PMC8453861 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the cerebellum is highly coordinated to obtain its characteristic morphology and all cerebellar cell types. During mouse postnatal development, cerebellar progenitors with astroglial‐like characteristics generate mainly astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. However, a subset of astroglial‐like progenitors found in the prospective white matter (PWM) produces astroglia and interneurons. Characterizing these cerebellar astroglia‐like progenitors and distinguishing their developmental fates is still elusive. Here, we reveal that astrocyte cell surface antigen‐2 (ACSA‐2), lately identified as ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 2 polypeptide, is expressed by glial precursors throughout postnatal cerebellar development. In contrast to common astrocyte markers, ACSA‐2 appears on PWM cells but is absent on Bergmann glia (BG) precursors. In the adult cerebellum, ACSA‐2 is broadly expressed extending to velate astrocytes in the granular layer, white matter astrocytes, and to a lesser extent to BG. Cell transplantation and transcriptomic analysis revealed that marker staining discriminates two postnatal progenitor pools. One subset is defined by the co‐expression of ACSA‐2 and GLAST and the expression of markers typical of parenchymal astrocytes. These are PWM precursors that are exclusively gliogenic. They produce predominantly white matter and granular layer astrocytes. Another subset is constituted by GLAST positive/ACSA‐2 negative precursors that express neurogenic and BG‐like progenitor genes. This population displays multipotency and gives rise to interneurons besides all glial types, including BG. In conclusion, this work reports about ACSA‐2, a marker that in combination with GLAST enables for the discrimination and isolation of multipotent and glia‐committed progenitors, which generate different types of cerebellar astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Geraldine Kantzer
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Elena Parmigiani
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cerrato
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Tomiuk
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Michail Knauel
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | | | - Annalisa Buffo
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Andreas Bosio
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu J, Xia X, Zhao Q, Li S. Lysine acetylation of NKG2D ligand Rae-1 stabilizes the protein and sensitizes tumor cells to NKG2D immune surveillance. Cancer Lett 2021; 502:143-153. [PMID: 33279621 PMCID: PMC10142196 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Shedding, loss of expression, or internalization of natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands from the tumor cell surface leads to immune evasion, which is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer. In many cancers, matrix metalloproteinases cause the proteolytic shedding of NKG2D ligands. However, it remained unclear how to protect NKG2D ligands from shedding. Here, we showed that the shedding of the mouse NKG2D ligand Rae-1 can be prevented by two critical acetyltransferases, GCN5 and PCAF, which acetylate the lysine residues of Rae-1 to avoid shedding both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, mutations at lysines 80 and 87 of Rae-1 abrogated this acetylation and thereby desensitized tumor cells to NKG2D-dependent immune surveillance. Notably, the protein levels of GCN5 correlated with the expression levels of the human NKG2D ligand ULPB1 in a human tumor tissue microarray and, more importantly, with prolonged overall survival in many cancers. Our results suggest that the acetylation of Rae-1 protein at lysines 80 and 87 by GCN5 and PCAF protects Rae-1 from shedding so as to activate NKG2D-dependent immune surveillance. This discovery may shed light on new targets for NKG2D immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiemiao Hu
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xueqing Xia
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qingnan Zhao
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shulin Li
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 853, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luza S, Opazo CM, Bousman CA, Pantelis C, Bush AI, Everall IP. The ubiquitin proteasome system and schizophrenia. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:528-537. [PMID: 32061320 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a master regulator of neural development and the maintenance of brain structure and function. It influences neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and neurotransmission by determining the localisation, interaction, and turnover of scaffolding, presynaptic, and postsynaptic proteins. Moreover, ubiquitin-proteasome system signalling transduces epigenetic changes in neurons independently of protein degradation and, as such, dysfunction of components and substrates of this system has been linked to a broad range of brain conditions. Although links between ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction and neurodegenerative disorders have been known for some time, only recently have similar links emerged for neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia. Here, we review the components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system that are reported to be dysregulated in schizophrenia, and discuss specific molecular changes to these components that might, in part, explain the complex causes of this mental disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Luza
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Carlos M Opazo
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chad A Bousman
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada; NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ian P Everall
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang J, Xie M, Xia L, Yu T, He F, Zhao C, Qiu W, Zhao D, Liu Y, Gong Y, Yao C, Liu L, Wang Y. Sublytic C5b-9 Induces IL-23 and IL-36a Production by Glomerular Mesangial Cells via PCAF-Mediated KLF4 Acetylation in Rat Thy-1 Nephritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3184-3198. [PMID: 30404815 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sublytic C5b-9 formation on glomerular mesangial cells in rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N), a model of human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, is accompanied by the production of proinflammatory cytokines, but the relationship between sublytic C5b-9 and cytokine synthesis and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To explore the problems mentioned above, in this study, we first examined the levels of proinflammatory ILs (e.g., IL-23 and IL-36a) as well as transcription factor (KLF4) and coactivator (PCAF) in the renal tissues of Thy-1N rats and in the glomerular mesangial cell line (HBZY-1) stimulated by sublytic C5b-9. Then, we further determined the role of KLF4 and PCAF in sublytic C5b-9-induced IL-23 and IL-36a production as well as the related mechanism. Our results showed that the levels of KLF4, PCAF, IL-23, and IL-36a were obviously elevated. Mechanistic investigation revealed that sublytic C5b-9 stimulation could increase IL-23 and IL-36a synthesis through KLF4 and PCAF upregulation, and KLF4 and PCAF could form a complex, binding to the IL-23 or IL-36a promoter in a KLF4-dependent manner, causing gene transcription. Importantly, KLF4 acetylation by PCAF contributed to sublytic C5b-9-induced IL-23 and IL-36a transcription. Besides, the KLF4 binding regions on IL-23 or IL-36a promoters and the KLF4 lysine site acetylated by PCAF were identified. Furthermore, silencing renal KLF4 or PCAF gene could significantly inhibit IL-23 or IL-36a secretion and tissue damage of Thy-1N rats. Collectively, these findings implicate that the KLF4/PCAF interaction and KLF4 acetylation by PCAF play a pivotal role in the sublytic C5b-9-mediated IL-23 and IL-36a production of Thy-1N rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxiao Xie
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia He
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Gong
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Vatalanib, Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Human Pterygial Fibroblasts. Cornea 2018. [PMID: 28644233 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vatalanib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor. We investigated the effects of vatalanib on the proliferation and migration of cultured human pterygial fibroblasts (HPFs). METHODS Pterygium tissues were obtained after pterygium excision surgery and subjected to primary culture. HPFs were treated with vatalanib at various concentrations. Mitomycin C (MMC) was used as a positive control. Cell proliferation and migration assays were used to investigate the effects of vatalanib. Cell death was measured using flow cytometry analysis. Western blot analysis was performed to identify signaling molecules associated with the response to vatalanib. RESULTS Vatalanib inhibited both proliferation and migration of HPFs in a dose-dependent manner. Cell proliferation was significantly suppressed by vatalanib (10 and 100 μM) and MMC (0.004% and 0.04%) treatments. Migration assays revealed significant HPF delay when treated with vatalanib (1, 10, and 100 μM) and MMC (0.004% and 0.04%) compared with that in a negative control. Cell death analysis showed that high concentrations of vatalanib (100 μM) and MMC (0.004% and 0.04%) decreased cell numbers. Western blot analysis of vatalanib-treated cells showed vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-β significantly reduced, but there was no alteration in p53 protein levels in HPFs. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that vatalanib significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of HPFs by decreasing vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-β. Vatalanib showed less toxicity than that of MMC. Based on these results, vatalanib may potentially serve as a new adjuvant treatment after pterygium excision surgery.
Collapse
|
8
|
Peedicayil J, Kumar A. Epigenetic Drugs for Mood Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 157:151-174. [PMID: 29933949 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that changes in epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression are involved in the pathogenesis of mood disorders. Such evidence stems from studies conducted on postmortem brain tissues and peripheral cells or tissues of patients with mood disorders. This article describes and discusses the epigenetic changes in the mood disorders (major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder) found to date. The article also describes and discusses preclinical drug trials of epigenetic drugs for treating mood disorders. In addition, nonrandomized and randomized controlled trials of nutritional drugs with effects on epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are discussed. Trials of epigenetic drugs and nutritional drugs with epigenetic effects are showing promising results for the treatment of mood disorders. Thus, epigenetic drugs and nutritional drugs with epigenetic effects could be useful in the treatment of patients with these disorders.
Collapse
|
9
|
Choi JY, Ko JH, Jo SA. HDAC1 regulates the stability of glutamate carboxypeptidase II protein by modulating acetylation status of lysine 479 residue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:416-423. [PMID: 29448109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that the level of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) protein is regulated by valproic acid, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, through acetylation of lysine residue in the GCPII protein in human astrocytes, U-87MG. The present study further investigated which HDAC subtype is involved in the acetylation of GCPII. The results revealed that GCPII interacted with HDAC1 but not with HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC4, HDAC5, and HDAC6. Overexpression of catalytic domain (1-56 aa)-deleted HDAC1, which poorly binds to GCPII, enhanced lysine acetylation in GCPII and increased the level of GCPII protein when compared with that of the wild-type HDAC1. Further experiments showed that HDAC1 regulated the stability of GCPII protein. These data suggest that acetylation of GCPII is facilitated by HDAC1, and the acetylated GCPII is more stable than the non-acetylated GCPII. Additional experiments using siRNA HDAC1 and by HDAC1 overexpression confirmed the role of HDAC1 in regulating the stability of GCPII protein. Further, database search of acetylation and ubiquitination sites showed four candidate lysine sites in human GCPII protein that can be both acetylated and ubiquitinylated (K207, K479, K491, and K699). Mutation (lysine residues to arginine (R)) analysis showed that in the presence of cycloheximide K479R- and K491R-hGCPII mutants were less ubiquitinylated and degraded, and decrease in the level of GCPII protein by HDAC1 was significantly blocked by K479R mutants. These data suggest that K479 is a possible site of acetylation or ubiquitination. Furthermore, the results also demonstrate that the stability of GCPII protein is regulated by HDAC1 through acetylation at the lysine 479 residue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Choi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeok Ko
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| | - Sangmee Ahn Jo
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vetterkind S, Lin QQ, Morgan KG. A novel mechanism of ERK1/2 regulation in smooth muscle involving acetylation of the ERK1/2 scaffold IQGAP1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9302. [PMID: 28839270 PMCID: PMC5571205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide, a bioactive lipid and signaling molecule associated with cardiovascular disease, is known to activate extracellular signal regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). Here, we determined that the effect of ceramide on ERK1/2 is mediated by ceramide signaling on an ERK scaffold protein, IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1). Experiments were performed with aortic smooth muscle cells using inhibitor screening, small interfering RNA (siRNA), immunoprecipitation (IP), immunoblots and bioinformatics. We report here that C6 ceramide increases serum-stimulated ERK1/2 activation in a manner dependent on the ERK1/2 scaffold IQGAP1. C6 ceramide increases IQGAP1 protein levels by preventing its cleavage. Bioinformatic analysis of the IQGAP1 amino acid sequence revealed potential cleavage sites for proteases of the proprotein convertase family that match the cleavage products. These potential cleavage sites overlap with known motifs for lysine acetylation. Deacetylase inhibitor treatment increased IQGAP1 acetylation and reduced IQGAP1 cleavage. These data are consistent with a model in which IQGAP1 cleavage is regulated by acetylation of the cleavage sites. Activation of ERK1/2 by ceramide, known to increase lysine acetylation, appears to be mediated by acetylation-dependent stabilization of IQGAP1. This novel mechanism could open new possibilities for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Vetterkind
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, 02215, USA
| | - Qian Qian Lin
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, 02215, USA
| | - Kathleen G Morgan
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Evans JC, Malhotra M, Cryan JF, O'Driscoll CM. The therapeutic and diagnostic potential of the prostate specific membrane antigen/glutamate carboxypeptidase II (PSMA/GCPII) in cancer and neurological disease. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3041-3079. [PMID: 27526115 PMCID: PMC5056232 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) otherwise known as glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is a membrane bound protein that is highly expressed in prostate cancer and in the neovasculature of a wide variety of tumours including glioblastomas, breast and bladder cancers. This protein is also involved in a variety of neurological diseases including schizophrenia and ALS. In recent years, there has been a surge in the development of both diagnostics and therapeutics that take advantage of the expression and activity of PSMA/GCPII. These include gene therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the biological roles that PSMA/GCPII plays, both in normal and diseased tissues, and the current therapies exploiting its activity that are at the preclinical stage. We conclude by giving an expert opinion on the future direction of PSMA/GCPII based therapies and diagnostics and hurdles that need to be overcome to make them effective and viable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James C Evans
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Meenakshi Malhotra
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dansithong W, Paul S, Scoles DR, Pulst SM, Huynh DP. Generation of SNCA Cell Models Using Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN) Technology for Efficient High-Throughput Drug Screening. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136930. [PMID: 26317803 PMCID: PMC4552753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. The hallmark of PD is the appearance of neuronal protein aggregations known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, of which α-synuclein forms a major component. Familial PD is rare and is associated with missense mutations of the SNCA gene or increases in gene copy number resulting in SNCA overexpression. This suggests that lowering SNCA expression could be therapeutic for PD. Supporting this hypothesis, SNCA reduction was neuroprotective in cell line and rodent PD models. We developed novel cell lines expressing SNCA fused to the reporter genes luciferase (luc) or GFP with the objective to enable high-throughput compound screening (HTS) for small molecules that can lower SNCA expression. Because SNCA expression is likely regulated by far-upstream elements (including the NACP-REP1 located at 8852 bp upstream of the transcription site), we employed zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) genome editing to insert reporter genes in-frame downstream of the SNCA gene in order to retain native SNCA expression control. This ensured full retention of known and unknown up- and downstream genetic elements controlling SNCA expression. Treatment of cells with the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) resulted in significantly increased SNCA-luc and SNCA-GFP expression supporting the use of our cell lines for identifying small molecules altering complex modes of expression control. Cells expressing SNCA-luc treated with a luciferase inhibitor or SNCA siRNA resulted in Z'-scores ≥ 0.75, suggesting the suitability of these cell lines for use in HTS. This study presents a novel use of genome editing for the creation of cell lines expressing α-synuclein fusion constructs entirely under native expression control. These cell lines are well suited for HTS for compounds that lower SNCA expression directly or by acting at long-range sites to the SNCA promoter and 5'-UTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warunee Dansithong
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, 175 North Medical Center Drive East, 5th Floor, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132, United States of America
| | - Sharan Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, 175 North Medical Center Drive East, 5th Floor, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Scoles
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, 175 North Medical Center Drive East, 5th Floor, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132, United States of America
| | - Stefan M. Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, 175 North Medical Center Drive East, 5th Floor, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132, United States of America
| | - Duong P. Huynh
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, 175 North Medical Center Drive East, 5th Floor, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lan X, Lu G, Yuan C, Mao S, Jiang W, Chen Y, Jin X, Xia Q. Valproic acid (VPA) inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate carcinoma via the dual suppression of SMAD4. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26206483 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in cancer metastasis. Previous studies have reported that valproic acid (VPA) suppresses prostate carcinoma (PCa) cell metastasis and down-regulates SMAD4 protein levels, which is the key molecule in TGF-β-induced EMT. However, the correlation between VPA and the EMT in PCa remains uncertain. METHODS Markers of the EMT in PCa cells and xenografts were molecularly assessed after VPA treatment. The expression and mono-ubiquitination of SMAD4 were also analyzed. After transfection with plasmids that express SMAD4 or short hairpin RNA for SMAD4 down-regulation, markers of EMT were examined to confirm whether VPA inhibits the EMT of PCa cells through the suppression of SMAD4. RESULTS VPA induced the increase in E-cadherin (p < 0.05), and the decrease in N-cadherin (p < 0.05) and Vimentin (p < 0.05), in PCa cells and xenografts. SMAD4 mRNA and protein levels were repressed by VPA (p < 0.05), whereas the level of mono-ubiquitinated SMAD4 was increased (p < 0.05). SMAD4 knockdown significantly increased E-cadherin expression in PC3 cells, but SMAD4 over-expression abolished the VPA-mediated EMT-inhibitory effect. CONCLUSIONS VPA inhibits the EMT in PCa cells via the inhibition of SMAD4 expression and the mono-ubiquitination of SMAD4. VPA could serve as a promising agent in PCa treatment, with new strategies based on its diverse effects on posttranscriptional regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Lan
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshidong Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Guoliang Lu
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshidong Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chuanwei Yuan
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshidong Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shaowei Mao
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshidong Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Urology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Yougen Chen
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshidong Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xunbo Jin
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshidong Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Qinghua Xia
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 9677 Jingshidong Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|