1
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Sun Y, Cronin MF, Mendonça MCP, Guo J, O'Driscoll CM. Sialic Acid-Targeted Cyclodextrin-Based Nanoparticles Deliver CSF-1R siRNA and Reprogram Tumour-Associated Macrophages for Immunotherapy of Prostate Cancer. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 185:106427. [PMID: 36948408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a serious condition threatening the health of men. Due to the complicated nature of the tumour microenvironment (TME), conventional treatments face challenges including poor prognosis and tumour resistance, therefore new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Small interfering RNA (siRNA), a double-stranded non-coding RNA, regulates specific gene expression through RNA interference. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a potential therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy. Colony stimulating factor-1/colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1/CSF-1R) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the polarization of the immunosuppressive TAMs, M2 macrophages. Downregulation of CSF-1R is known to reprogram the immunosuppressive TAMs, M2 macrophages, to the immunostimulatory phenotype, M1 macrophages. Sialic acid is a ligand for Siglec-1 (CD169) which is overexpressed on M2 macrophages with little expression in other phenotypes. Therefore, a sialic acid-targeted cyclodextrin-based nanoparticle was developed to specifically deliver CSF-1R siRNA to M2 macrophages. The nanoparticles were studied in vitro using both human and mouse prostate cancer cell lines. Results show that the targeted nanoparticles achieved cell specific delivery to M2 macrophages via the sialic acid-CD169 axis. The expression of CSF-1R was significantly downregulated in M2 macrophages (29.64% for targeted vs 19.31% for non-targeted nanoparticles in THP-1-derived M2 macrophages and 38.94% for targeted vs 18.51% for non-targeted nanoparticles in RAW 264.7-derived M2 macrophages, n = 4, p < 0.01). The resulting reprograming of M2 macrophages to M1 enhanced the level of apoptosis in the prostate cancer cells in a Transwell model (49.17% for targeted vs 37.68% for non-targeted nanoparticles in PC-3 cells and 69.15% for targeted vs 44.73% for non-targeted nanoparticles in TRAMP C1 cells, n = 3, p < 0.01). Thus, this targeted cyclodextrin-based siRNA drug delivery system provides a potential strategy for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Jianfeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, China.
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2
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Mendonça MCP, Kont A, Kowalski PS, O'Driscoll CM. Design of lipid-based nanoparticles for delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103505. [PMID: 36708760 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The successful development of nonviral delivery systems for nucleic acids has been reported extensively over the past number of years. Among them, lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) represent the most advanced platform. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in LNP technology, focusing on the delivery of a range of nucleic acids. Recent advances in the development of an efficient and safe lipid-based system are critically analyzed with a particular emphasis on the rationale behind the design of LNPs and on attempts to elucidate the resulting molecular assembly and structure, their interactions with cellular proteins and biodistribution. In addition, manufacturing methods including microfluidics and their potential to influence stability and scale-up are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayse Kont
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Piotr S Kowalski
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
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3
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Li YN, Shi X, Sun D, Han S, Zou Y, Wang L, Yang L, Li Y, Shi Y, Guo J, O'Driscoll CM. Delivery of melarsoprol using folate-targeted PEGylated cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles for hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122791. [PMID: 36863541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, and has become one of the most lethal malignancies in the world. Although chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of cancer therapy, the number of chemotherapeutic drugs approved for HCC is low, and emerging therapeutics are needed. Melarsoprol (MEL) is an arsenic-containing drug, and has been applied in the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis at the late stage. In this study, the potential of MEL for HCC therapy was investigated for the first time using in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches. A folate-targeted polyethylene glycol-modified amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticle was developed for safe, efficient and specific delivery of MEL. Consequently, the targeted nanoformulation achieved cell-specific uptake, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and migration inhibition in HCC cells. Furthermore, the targeted nanoformulation significantly prolonged the survival of mice with orthotopic tumor, without causing toxic signs. This study indicates the potential of the targeted nanoformulation as an emerging chemotherapy option for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaoju Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shulan Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yifang Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Leilei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yutong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Caitriona M O'Driscoll
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
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4
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Knox EG, Lynch CMK, Lee YS, O'Driscoll CM, Clarke G, Cryan JF, Aburto MR. The gut microbiota is important for the maintenance of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:233-241. [PMID: 36453579 PMCID: PMC10107533 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota communicates with the brain through several pathways including the vagus nerve, immune system, microbial metabolites and through the endocrine system. Pathways along the humoral/immune gut microbiota-brain axis are composed of a series of vascular and epithelial barriers including the intestinal epithelial barrier, gut-vascular barrier, blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Of these barriers, the relationship between the gut microbiota and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is yet to be fully defined. Here, using a germ-free mouse model, we aimed to assess the relationship between the gut microbiota and the integrity of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, which is localized to the choroid plexus epithelium. Using confocal microscopy, we visualized the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1, an integral aspect of choroid plexus integrity, as well as the choroid plexus fenestrated capillaries. Quantification of tight junction proteins via network analysis led to the observation that there was a decrease in the zonula occludens-1 network organization in germ-free mice; however, we did not observe any differences in capillary structure. Taken together, these data indicate that the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is another barrier along the gut microbiota-brain axis. Future studies are required to elucidate its relative contribution in signalling from microbiota to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Knox
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caoimhe M K Lynch
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ye Seul Lee
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria R Aburto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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5
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Kont A, Mendonça MCP, Cronin MF, Cahill MR, O'Driscoll CM. Co-Formulation of Amphiphilic Cationic and Anionic Cyclodextrins Forming Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179791. [PMID: 36077202 PMCID: PMC9456197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-viral delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids (NA), including siRNA, has potential in the treatment of diseases with high unmet clinical needs such as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). While cationic biomaterials are frequently used to complex the nucleic acids into nanoparticles, attenuation of charge density is desirable to decrease in vivo toxicity. Here, an anionic amphiphilic CD was synthesised and the structure was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). A cationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin (CD) was initially used to complex the siRNA and then co-formulated with the anionic amphiphilic CD. Characterisation of the co-formulated NPs indicated a significant reduction in charge from 34 ± 7 mV to 24 ± 6 mV (p < 0.05) and polydispersity index 0.46 ± 0.1 to 0.16 ± 0.04 (p < 0.05), compared to the cationic CD NPs. Size was similar, 161−164 nm, for both formulations. FACS and confocal microscopy, using AML cells (HL-60), indicated a similar level of cellular uptake (60% after 6 h) followed by endosomal escape. The nano co-formulation significantly reduced the charge while maintaining gene silencing (21%). Results indicate that blending of anionic and cationic amphiphilic CDs can produce bespoke NPs with optimised physicochemical properties and potential for enhanced in vivo performance in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Kont
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Monique C P Mendonça
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael F Cronin
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary R Cahill
- Department of Haematology and CancerResearch@UCC, Cork University Hospital, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M O'Driscoll
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
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6
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Dozzo A, Galvin A, Shin JW, Scalia S, O'Driscoll CM, Ryan KB. Modelling acute myeloid leukemia (AML): What's new? A transition from the classical to the modern. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022:10.1007/s13346-022-01189-4. [PMID: 35930221 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy affecting myeloid cells in the bone marrow (BM) but can spread giving rise to impaired hematopoiesis. AML incidence increases with age and is associated with poor prognostic outcomes. There has been a disconnect between the success of novel drug compounds observed in preclinical studies of hematological malignancy and less than exceptional therapeutic responses in clinical trials. This review aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview on the different preclinical models of AML available to expand insights into disease pathology and as preclinical screening tools. Deciphering the complex physiological and pathological processes and developing predictive preclinical models are key to understanding disease progression and fundamental in the development and testing of new effective drug treatments. Standard scaffold-free suspension models fail to recapitulate the complex environment where AML occurs. To this end, we review advances in scaffold/matrix-based 3D models and outline the most recent advances in on-chip technology. We also provide an overview of clinically relevant animal models and review the expanding use of patient-derived samples, which offer the prospect to create more "patient specific" screening tools either in the guise of 3D matrix models, microphysiological "organ-on-chip" tools or xenograft models and discuss representative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aoife Galvin
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 909 S. Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL, 5091 COMRB, USA
| | - Santo Scalia
- Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Caitriona M O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,SSPC Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katie B Ryan
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. .,SSPC Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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7
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Sun D, Zou Y, Song L, Han S, Yang H, Chu D, Dai Y, Ma J, O'Driscoll CM, Yu Z, Guo J. A cyclodextrin-based nanoformulation achieves co-delivery of ginsenoside Rg3 and quercetin for chemo-immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:378-393. [PMID: 35127393 PMCID: PMC8799998 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune checkpoint blockade therapy has profoundly revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy. However, despite great promise for a variety of cancers, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors is still low in colorectal cancer (CRC). This is mainly due to the immunosuppressive feature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Emerging evidence reveals that certain chemotherapeutic drugs induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), demonstrating great potential for remodeling the immunosuppressive TME. In this study, the potential of ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) as an ICD inducer against CRC cells was confirmed using in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches. The ICD efficacy of Rg3 could be significantly enhanced by quercetin (QTN) that elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS). To ameliorate in vivo delivery barriers associated with chemotherapeutic drugs, a folate (FA)-targeted polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticle (NP) was developed for co-encapsulation of Rg3 and QTN. The resultant nanoformulation (CD-PEG-FA.Rg3.QTN) significantly prolonged blood circulation and enhanced tumor targeting in an orthotopic CRC mouse model, resulting in the conversion of immunosuppressive TME. Furthermore, the CD-PEG-FA.Rg3.QTN achieved significantly longer survival of animals in combination with Anti-PD-L1. The study provides a promising strategy for the treatment of CRC.
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Key Words
- ATF6, activating transcription factor 6
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- CI, combination index
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CRT, calreticulin
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4
- CXCL10, C-X-C motif chemokine 10
- CXCL9, C-X-C motif chemokine 9
- Chemotherapy
- Colorectal cancer
- Combination therapy
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- DCs, dendritic cells
- ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence
- EE, encapsulation efficiency
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FA, folate
- HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1
- ICD, immunogenic cell death
- IFN-γ, interferon-gamma
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- IL-12, interleukin-12
- IL-4, interleukin-4
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IRE1, inositol-requiring enzyme 1
- Immunogenic cell death
- Immunotherapy
- LC, loading capacity
- MDSCs, myeloid derived suppressor cells
- MMR, mismatch repair
- MR, molar ratio
- NAC, N-acetyl-l-cysteine
- NP, nanoparticle
- Nano drug delivery system
- PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PERK, PKR-like ER kinase
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- QTN, quercetin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- TAAs, tumor-associated antigens
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- Tumor microenvironment
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- p-IRE1, phosphorylation of IRE1
- p-PERK, phosphorylation of PERK
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yifang Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Liu Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shulan Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Di Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | | | - Zhuo Yu
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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8
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Mendonça MCP, Cronin MF, Cryan JF, O'Driscoll CM. Modified cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles mediated delivery of siRNA for huntingtin gene silencing across an in vitro BBB model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 169:309-318. [PMID: 34793942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, leading to a toxic version of the HTT protein. There are currently no disease-modifying therapies available. In this scenario, gene-based treatments for HD aimed at lowering HTT levels have become one of the most promising emerging therapeutic options. To date, however, promising results have only been achieved following direct intrathecal or intracranial injections designed to circumvent the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Consequently, efforts to develop less invasive delivery platforms are highly desirable. Here, we described a novel delivery system based on modified cyclodextrin nanoparticles (CDs) loaded with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting HTT andcomplexed with the rabies virus glycoprotein(RVG), a BBB-shuttle peptide. Results using an in vitro BBB model, indicate the formulation successfully crosses the brain endothelial cells, releases the encapsulated siRNAs into the cytoplasm of neuronal cells, and mediates downregulation of HTT. In conclusion, the CD platform is a promising option for delivery of siRNA-based therapeutics for HD with wider potential to treat other diseases with a genetically validated target in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael F Cronin
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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9
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Saiz-Gonzalo G, Hanrahan N, Rossini V, Singh R, Ahern M, Kelleher M, Hill S, O'Sullivan R, Fanning A, Walsh PT, Hussey S, Shanahan F, Nally K, O'Driscoll CM, Melgar S. Regulation of CEACAM Family Members by IBD-Associated Triggers in Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Their Correlation to Inflammation and Relevance to IBD Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:655960. [PMID: 34394073 PMCID: PMC8358819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.655960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryogenic antigen cellular adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) are intercellular adhesion molecules highly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. CEACAM1, -3, -5, -6, -7 are altered in patients suffering from colon cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but their role in the onset and pathogenesis of IBD is not well known. Herein, we aim to correlate CEACAM1, -3, -5, -6, -7 expression to the degree of inflammation in pediatric and adult IBD colon biopsies and to examine the regulation of CEACAMs on human intestinal epithelial cell lines (C2BBe1/HT29) by different IBD-associated triggers (cytokines, bacteria/metabolites, emulsifiers) and IBD-drugs (6-Mercaptopurine, Prednisolone, Tofacitinib). Biopsies from patients with pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD) and adult ulcerative colitis (UC, active/inactive disease) showed a significant increase in CEACAM3, -5, -6 expression, while CEACAM5 expression was reduced in adult CD patients (active/inactive disease). Intestinal epithelial cells cultured with a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail and Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) showed a rapid induction of CEACAM1, -5, -7 followed by a reduced RNA and protein expression overtime and a constant expression of CEACAM3, correlating with IL-8 expression. Cells cultured with the emulsifier polysorbate-80 resulted in a significant induction of CEACAM3, -5, -6, -7 at a late time point, while SCFA treatment reduced CEACAM1, -5, -7 expression. No major alterations in expression of CEACAMs were noted on cells cultured with the commensal Escherichia coli K12 or the pathogen Salmonella typhimurium. IBD drugs, particularly Tofacitinib, significantly reduced cytokine-induced CEACAM1, -3, -5, -6, -7 expression associated with a reduced IL-8 secretion. In conclusion, we provide new evidence on the regulation of CEACAMs by different IBD-associated triggers, identifying a role of CEACAMs in IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Saiz-Gonzalo
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Naomi Hanrahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Valerio Rossini
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Raminder Singh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary Ahern
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Maebh Kelleher
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shane Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ruairi O'Sullivan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aine Fanning
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick T Walsh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamus Hussey
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Pediatric Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken Nally
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M O'Driscoll
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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10
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Zou Y, Xiao F, Song L, Sun B, Sun D, Chu D, Wang L, Han S, Yu Z, O'Driscoll CM, Guo J. A folate-targeted PEGylated cyclodextrin-based nanoformulation achieves co-delivery of docetaxel and siRNA for colorectal cancer. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120888. [PMID: 34271152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent used for a range of cancers, but it has little activity against colorectal cancer (CRC). However, combination therapy with other therapeutic agents is a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of DTX in CRC treatment. The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is implicated in a variety of malignancies (e.g., CRC), and the blockade of NF-κB may increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. The application of small interference RNA (siRNA) to inhibit the translation of complementary mRNA has demonstrated the potential for cancer gene therapy. In this study, an amphiphilic cationic cyclodextrin (CD) nanoparticle modified with PEGylated folate (FA; a ligand to target folate receptor on CRC) has been developed for co-delivery of DTX and siRNA (against the RelA, a subunit of NF-κB) in the treatment of CRC. The resultant co-formulation (CD.DTX.siRelA.PEG-FA) achieved cell-specific uptake indicating the function of the folate targeting ligand. The CD.DTX.siRelA.PEG-FA nanoparticle enhanced the apoptotic effect of DTX with the downregulation of RelA expression, which significantly retarded the growth of CRC in mice, without causing significant toxicity. These results suggest that the FA-targeted PEGylated CD-based co-formulation provides a promising strategy for combining DTX and siRNA in treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Liu Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bingxue Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Di Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the General Hospital of FAW, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Shulan Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Caitriona M O'Driscoll
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland.
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11
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Vinarov Z, Abrahamsson B, Artursson P, Batchelor H, Berben P, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Butler J, Ceulemans J, Davies N, Dupont D, Flaten GE, Fotaki N, Griffin BT, Jannin V, Keemink J, Kesisoglou F, Koziolek M, Kuentz M, Mackie A, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, McAllister M, Müllertz A, O'Driscoll CM, Parrott N, Paszkowska J, Pavek P, Porter CJH, Reppas C, Stillhart C, Sugano K, Toader E, Valentová K, Vertzoni M, De Wildt SN, Wilson CG, Augustijns P. Current challenges and future perspectives in oral absorption research: An opinion of the UNGAP network. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:289-331. [PMID: 33610694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although oral drug delivery is the preferred administration route and has been used for centuries, modern drug discovery and development pipelines challenge conventional formulation approaches and highlight the insufficient mechanistic understanding of processes critical to oral drug absorption. This review presents the opinion of UNGAP scientists on four key themes across the oral absorption landscape: (1) specific patient populations, (2) regional differences in the gastrointestinal tract, (3) advanced formulations and (4) food-drug interactions. The differences of oral absorption in pediatric and geriatric populations, the specific issues in colonic absorption, the formulation approaches for poorly water-soluble (small molecules) and poorly permeable (peptides, RNA etc.) drugs, as well as the vast realm of food effects, are some of the topics discussed in detail. The identified controversies and gaps in the current understanding of gastrointestinal absorption-related processes are used to create a roadmap for the future of oral drug absorption research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahari Vinarov
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bertil Abrahamsson
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Berben
- Pharmaceutical Development, UCB Pharma SA, Braine- l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - James Butler
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Ware, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nigel Davies
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Gøril Eide Flaten
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute for Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alan Mackie
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Petr Pavek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kiyohiko Sugano
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Elena Toader
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, Romania
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Saskia N De Wildt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Clive G Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Mendonça MCP, Kont A, Aburto MR, Cryan JF, O'Driscoll CM. Advances in the Design of (Nano)Formulations for Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides and Small Interfering RNA: Focus on the Central Nervous System. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1491-1506. [PMID: 33734715 PMCID: PMC8824433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
RNA-based therapeutics have emerged
as one of the most powerful
therapeutic options used for the modulation of gene/protein expression
and gene editing with the potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
However, the delivery of nucleic acids to the central nervous system
(CNS), in particular by the systemic route, remains a major hurdle.
This review will focus on the strategies for systemic delivery of
therapeutic nucleic acids designed to overcome these barriers. Pathways
and mechanisms of transport across the blood–brain barrier
which could be exploited for delivery are described, focusing in particular
on smaller nucleic acids including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs)
and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Approaches used to enhance delivery
including chemical modifications, nanocarrier systems, and target
selection (cell-specific delivery) are critically analyzed. Learnings
achieved from a comparison of the successes and failures reported
for CNS delivery of ASOs versus siRNA will help identify opportunities
for a wider range of nucleic acids and accelerate the clinical translation
of these innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique C P Mendonça
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Ayse Kont
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria Rodriguez Aburto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M O'Driscoll
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
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13
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Effinger A, McAllister M, Tomaszewska I, O'Driscoll CM, Taylor M, Gomersall S, Heaton J, Smith KL, Sarcevica I, Young SL, Fotaki N. Investigating the Impact of Crohn's Disease on the Bioaccessibility of a Lipid-Based Formulation with an In Vitro Dynamic Gastrointestinal Model. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1530-1543. [PMID: 33656882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of Crohn's disease (CD) on the performance of a lipid-based formulation of ciprofloxacin in a complex gastrointestinal simulator (TIM-1, TNO) and to compare the luminal environment in terms of bile salt and lipid composition in CD and healthy conditions. CD conditions were simulated in the TIM-1 system with a reduced concentration of porcine pancreatin and porcine bile. The bioaccessibility of ciprofloxacin was similar in simulated CD and healthy conditions considering its extent as well as its time course in the jejunum and ileum filtrate. Differences were observed in terms of the luminal concentration of triglycerides, monoglycerides, and fatty acids in the different TIM-1 compartments, indicating a reduction and delay in the lipolysis of formulation excipients in CD. The quantitative analysis of bile salts revealed higher concentrations for healthy conditions (standard TIM-1 fasted-state protocol) in the duodenum and jejunum TIM-1 compartments compared to published data in human intestinal fluids of healthy subjects. The reduced concentrations of bile salts in simulated CD conditions correspond to the levels observed in human intestinal fluids of healthy subjects in the fasted state.A lipidomics approach with ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be a time-efficient method to semiquantitatively analyze differences in fatty acid and bile salt levels between healthy and CD conditions. The dynamic luminal environment in CD and healthy conditions after administration of a lipid-based formulation can be simulated using the TIM-1 system. For ciprofloxacin, an altered luminal lipid composition had no impact on its performance indicating a low risk of altered performance in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Effinger
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | | | | | - Caitriona M O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Mark Taylor
- Pfizer Analytical Research and Development, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Steve Gomersall
- Pfizer Analytical Research and Development, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - James Heaton
- Pfizer Analytical Research and Development, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Kieran L Smith
- Pfizer Analytical Research and Development, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Inese Sarcevica
- Pfizer Analytical Research and Development, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Sam L Young
- Pfizer Drug Product Design, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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14
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Effinger A, O'Driscoll CM, McAllister M, Fotaki N. Predicting budesonide performance in healthy subjects and patients with Crohn's disease using biorelevant in vitro dissolution testing and PBPK modeling. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 157:105617. [PMID: 33164838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Drug product performance might be affected in Crohn's disease (CD) patients compared to healthy subjects due to pathophysiological changes. Since a low number of clinical studies is performed in this patient population, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models with integrated results from biorelevant in vitro dissolution studies could be used to assess differences in the bioavailability of drugs. Using this approach, budesonide was used as model drug and its performance in healthy subjects and CD patients was predicted and compared against observed pharmacokinetic data. The in vitro release tests, under healthy versus CD conditions, revealed a similar extent of drug release from a controlled-release budesonide formulation in the fasted state, whereas in the fed state a lower extent was observed with CD. Differences in the physiology of CD patients were identified in literature and their impact on budesonide performance was investigated with a PBPK model, revealing the highest impact on the simulated bioavailability for the reduced hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme abundance and lower human serum albumin concentration. For CD patients, a higher budesonide exposure compared to healthy subjects was predicted with a PBPK population adapted to CD physiology and in agreement with observed pharmacokinetic data. Budesonide performance in the fasted and fed state was successfully predicted in healthy subjects and CD patients using PBPK modeling and in vitro release testing. Following this approach, predictions of the direction and magnitude of changes in bioavailability due to CD could be made for other drugs and guide prescribers to adjust dosage regimens for CD patients accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Effinger
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | | | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
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15
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Presas E, Tovar S, Cuñarro J, O'Shea JP, O'Driscoll CM. Pre-Clinical Evaluation of a Modified Cyclodextrin-Based Nanoparticle for Intestinal Delivery of Liraglutide. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:292-300. [PMID: 33152374 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
New therapeutic approaches have been developed during recent years for the management of diabetic patients, with glucagon-like peptides analogues (GLP-1 analogues) emerging as one of the most useful therapies. However, as with human insulin analogues, translation of GLP-1 analogues into oral pharmaceutical products has been limited due to reduced oral bioavailability. Nanoparticle (NP) formulations have been investigated due to their potential to protect the drug cargo and enhance bioavailability. This study describes the pre-clinical development of a cyclodextrin-based NP formulation containing the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide for intestinal administration. A cationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin (click propyl-amine cyclodextrin (CD)) was selected as the primary complexing agent for the peptide. The resulting NPs presented an average size of 101 ± 8 nm, low polydispersity index (0.240), a negative zeta potential (-35 ± 7 mV), complete association efficiency and peptide loading of 5.0%. The optimized prototype exhibited colloidal stability in intestinal-biorelevant media up to 4 h, protecting the entrapped liraglutide from degradation by proteolytic enzymes. Intestinal administration in rats revealed effective protection and delivery of liraglutide, with a similar pharmacological response in blood glucose levels relative to subcutaneous administration of free solution. These results demonstrate the potential of the CD based formulation for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Presas
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sulay Tovar
- Centre for Investigations in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Disease (CIMUS), Group of Diabesity, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Cuñarro
- Centre for Investigations in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Disease (CIMUS), Group of Diabesity, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joseph P O'Shea
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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16
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Bennett-Lenane H, O'Shea JP, O'Driscoll CM, Griffin BT. A Retrospective Biopharmaceutical Analysis of >800 Approved Oral Drug Products: Are Drug Properties of Solid Dispersions and Lipid-Based Formulations Distinctive? J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3248-3261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Effinger A, M O'Driscoll C, McAllister M, Fotaki N. Gastrointestinal diseases and their impact on drug solubility: Ulcerative Colitis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 152:105458. [PMID: 32645424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For poorly soluble compounds, drug product performance in patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) compared to healthy subjects can be affected due to differences in drug solubility in GI fluids. A risk assessment tool was developed to identify compounds with a high risk of altered solubility in the GI fluids of UC patients. Pathophysiological changes impacting on the composition of GI fluids in UC patients were considered and UC biorelevant media representative of the stomach, intestine and colon were developed based on biorelevant media based on healthy subjects and literature data using a Design of Experiment approach. The UC media were characterised and revealed differences in surface tension, osmolality and buffer capacity compared to media based on healthy subjects. The solubility of six drugs was investigated in UC biorelevant media and results were related to media- and drug-dependent factors. A lower drug solubility in UC intestinal media was observed for compounds with a high lipophilicity. In UC simulated colonic fluids, drug solubility was altered for ionisable compounds. Additionally, a higher solubility of neutral lipophilic drugs was observed in UC fasted state colonic media with increased concentrations of soluble proteins. The developed UC biorelevant media offer the possibility to identify the risk of altered drug solubilisation in UC patients without conducting expensive clinical trials. A high risk was related to drug ionization properties and lipophilicity in the current study with all investigated drugs showing differences in solubility in biorelevant media based on UC patients compared to healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Effinger
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | | | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
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18
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Presas E, Sultan E, Gervasi V, Crean AM, Werner U, Bazile D, O'Driscoll CM. Long-term stability of insulin glulisine loaded nanoparticles formulated using an amphiphilic cyclodextrin and designed for intestinal delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1073-1079. [PMID: 32478645 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1775631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-term stability is one of the main challenges for translation of therapeutic proteins into commercially viable biopharmaceutical products. During processing and storage, proteins are susceptible to denaturation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the stability of amphiphilic cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles (NPs) containing insulin glulisine. The stability of the NP dispersion was systematically evaluated following storage at three different temperatures (4 °C, room temperature (RT) and 40 °C). While the colloidal parameters of the NPs in terms of size and zeta potential were maintained (109 ± 9 nm, polydispersity index 0.272, negative zeta potential -25 ± 3 mV), insulin degraded over 60 days during storage. To enhance the shelf life of the product and to circumvent the need for cold-chain maintenance, a lyophilized formulation containing insulin glulisine NPs (1.75 mg/mL of NPs) and 25 mg/mL trehalose was produced. The freeze-dried powder extended the stability of the product for up to 30 days at ambient temperature and 90 days at 4 °C (with 95% and >80% insulin recovery, respectively). Following intra-intestinal administration of the freeze-dried formulation, while no lowering of blood glucose was seen, insulin glulisine was detected in both portal and systemic blood indicating that potential exists for further development of the formulation to simultaneously achieve prolonged stability and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Presas
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eric Sultan
- Sanofi Research and Development, Paris, France.,Sanofi Research and Development, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Valeria Gervasi
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Abina M Crean
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ulrich Werner
- Sanofi Research and Development, Paris, France.,Sanofi Research and Development, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Didier Bazile
- Sanofi Research and Development, Paris, France.,Sanofi Research and Development, Frankfurt, Germany
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19
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Kelly DC, Raftery RM, Curtin CM, O'Driscoll CM, O'Brien FJ. Scaffold-Based Delivery of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics for Enhanced Bone and Cartilage Repair. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1671-1680. [PMID: 31042304 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in tissue engineering have made progress toward the development of biomaterials capable of the delivery of growth factors, such as bone morphogenetic proteins, in order to promote enhanced tissue repair. However, controlling the release of these growth factors on demand and within the desired localized area is a significant challenge and the associated high costs and side effects of uncontrolled delivery have proven increasingly problematic in clinical orthopedics. Gene therapy may be a valuable tool to avoid the limitations of local delivery of growth factors. Following a series of setbacks in the 1990s, the field of gene therapy is now seeing improvements in safety and efficacy resulting in substantial clinical progress and a resurgence in confidence. Biomaterial scaffold-mediated gene therapy provides a template for cell infiltration and tissue formation while promoting transfection of cells to engineer therapeutic proteins in a sustained but ultimately transient fashion. Additionally, scaffold-mediated delivery of RNA-based therapeutics can silence specific genes associated with orthopedic pathological states. This review will provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the field of gene-activated scaffolds and their use within orthopedic tissue engineering applications. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1671-1680, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domhnall C Kelly
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre of Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Rosanne M Raftery
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre of Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caroline M Curtin
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre of Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M O'Driscoll
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland.,Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre of Bioengineering (TCBE), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI, Galway), Galway, Ireland
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20
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Kelleher M, Singh R, O'Driscoll CM, Melgar S. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM) family members and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 47:21-31. [PMID: 31133507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic intestinal inflammatory condition with increasing incidence worldwide and whose pathogenesis remains largely unknown. The collected evidence indicates that genetic, environmental and microbial factors and a dysregulated immune response are responsible for the disease. IBD has an early onset and long term sufferers present a higher risk of developing colitis associated cancer (CAC). The carcinoembryonic antigen-related adhesion molecules (CEACAM) are a subgroup of the CEA family, found in a range of different cell types and organs including epithelial cells in the intestine. They can act as intercellular adhesions molecules for e.g. bacteria and soluble antigens. CEACAMs are involved in a number of different processes including cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and tumour suppression. Some CEACAMs such as CEACAM1, CEACAM5 and CEACAM6 are highly associated with cancer and are even recognised as valid clinical markers for certain cancer forms. However, their role in IBD pathogenesis is less understood. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of published literature on CEACAMs and intestinal inflammation (IBD). The interactions between CEACAMs and bacteria adhesion in relation to IBD pathophysiology will be addressed and potential new therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities will be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maebh Kelleher
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12YT20, Ireland; Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, T12YT20, Ireland.
| | - Raminder Singh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12YT20, Ireland; Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, T12YT20, Ireland.
| | - Caitriona M O'Driscoll
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, T12YT20, Ireland.
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12YT20, Ireland.
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21
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O'Driscoll CM, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Friedl JD, Préat V, Jannin V. Oral delivery of non-viral nucleic acid-based therapeutics - do we have the guts for this? Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 133:190-204. [PMID: 30946964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy with RNA and pDNA-based drugs is limited by poor enzymatic stability and poor cellular permeation. The delivery of nucleic acids, in particular by the oral route, remains a major hurdle. This review will focus on the barriers to the oral delivery of nucleic acids and the strategies, in particular formulation strategies, which have been developed to overcome these barriers. Due to their very low oral bioavailability, the most obvious and most investigated biomedical applications for their oral delivery are related to the local treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancers. Preclinical data but not yet clinical studies support the potential use of the oral route for the local delivery of formulated nucleic acid-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Julian D Friedl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Véronique Préat
- Universite catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier, 73 bte B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Vincent Jannin
- Gattefossé SAS, 36 chemin de Genas, 69804 Saint-Priest cedex, France.
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22
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Wang L, Pei J, Cong Z, Zou Y, Sun T, Davitt F, Garcia-Gil A, Holmes JD, O'Driscoll CM, Rahme K, Guo J. Development of anisamide-targeted PEGylated gold nanorods to deliver epirubicin for chemo-photothermal therapy in tumor-bearing mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1817-1833. [PMID: 30880982 PMCID: PMC6413758 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s192520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gold nanorods (AuNRs), due to the optical and electronic properties namely the surface plasma resonance, have been developed to achieve the light-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) for cancer. However, PTT alone may suffer from inefficient tumor killing. Recently, the combination of PTT and chemotherapy has been utilized to achieve synergistic anticancer effects. METHODS In this study, AuNRs capped with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and PEGylated anisamide (a ligand known to target the sigma receptor) have been developed to produce a range of negatively charged anisamide-targeted PEGylated AuNRs (namely Au-CTAB-PAA-PEG-AA) for the combination of PTT and chemotherapy (termed as chemo-photothermal therapy [CPTT]). Epirubicin (EPI, an anthracycline drug) was efficiently loaded onto the surface of Au800-CTAB-PAA-PEG-AA via the electrostatic interaction forming Au800-CTAB-PAA-PEG-AA.EPI complex. RESULTS The resultant complex demonstrated pH-dependent drug release, facilitated nucleus trafficking of EPI, and induced antiproliferative effects in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. When Au800-CTAB-PAA-PEG-AA.EPI complex was further stimulated with desired laser irradiation, the synergistic outcome was evident in PC-3 xenograft mice. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate a promising strategy for clinical application of CPTT in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China, ;
- Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of FAW, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Jin Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China, ;
| | - Zhongcheng Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China, ;
| | - Yifang Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China, ;
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fionán Davitt
- School of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adrià Garcia-Gil
- School of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justin D Holmes
- School of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Kamil Rahme
- School of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Science, Notre Dame University (Louaize), Zouk Mosbeh 1200, Lebanon
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China, ;
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23
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Luan X, Rahme K, Cong Z, Wang L, Zou Y, He Y, Yang H, Holmes JD, O'Driscoll CM, Guo J. Anisamide-targeted PEGylated gold nanoparticles designed to target prostate cancer mediate: Enhanced systemic exposure of siRNA, tumour growth suppression and a synergistic therapeutic response in combination with paclitaxel in mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 137:56-67. [PMID: 30779980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has recently illustrated therapeutic potential for malignant disorders. However, the clinical application of siRNA-based therapeutics is significantly retarded by the paucity of successful delivery systems. Recently, multifunctional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as non-viral delivery carriers have shown promise for transporting chemotherapeutics, proteins/peptides, and genes. In this study, AuNPs capped with polyethylenimine (PEI) and PEGylated anisamide (a ligand known to target the sigma receptor) have been developed to produce a range of positively charged anisamide-targeted PEGylated AuNPs (namely Au-PEI-PEG-AA). The anisamide-targeted AuNPs effectively complexed siRNA via electrostatic interaction, and the resultant complex (Au110-PEI-PEG5000-AA.siRNA) illustrated favourable physicochemical characteristics, including particle size, surface charge, and stability. In vitro, anisamide-targeted AuNPs selectively bound to human prostate cancer PC-3 cells, inducing efficient endosomal escape of siRNA, and effective downregulation of the RelA gene. In vivo, prolonged systemic exposure of siRNA was achieved by anisamide-targeted AuNPs resulting in significant tumour growth suppression in a PC3 xenograft mouse model without an increase in toxicity. In addition, a combination of siRNA-mediated NF-κB knockdown using anisamide-targeted AuNPs with Paclitaxel produced a synergistic therapeutic response, thus providing a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Luan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Kamil Rahme
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Science, Notre Dame University (Louaize), Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon; Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Zhongcheng Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Limei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of FAW, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Yifang Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Justin D Holmes
- Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; AMBER@CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Jianfeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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24
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Presas E, McCartney F, Sultan E, Hunger C, Nellen S, V. Alvarez C, Werner U, Bazile D, Brayden DJ, O'Driscoll CM. Physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses of amphiphilic cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles designed to enhance intestinal delivery of insulin. J Control Release 2018; 286:402-414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Guo J, Luan X, Cong Z, Sun Y, Wang L, McKenna SL, Cahill MR, O'Driscoll CM. The potential for clinical translation of antibody-targeted nanoparticles in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia. J Control Release 2018; 286:154-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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O'Shea JP, Holm R, O'Driscoll CM, Griffin BT. Food for thought: formulating away the food effect - a PEARRL review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 71:510-535. [PMID: 29956330 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Co-ingestion of oral dosage forms with meals can cause substantial changes in bioavailability relative to the fasted state. Food-mediated effects on bioavailability can have significant consequences in drug development, regulatory and clinical settings. To date, the primary focus of research has focused on the ability to mechanistically understand the causes and predict the occurrence of these effects. KEY FINDINGS The current review describes the mechanisms underpinning the occurrence of food effects, sheds new insights on the relative frequency for newly licensed medicines and describes the various methods by which they can be overcome. Analysis of oral medicines licensed by either the EMA or FDA since 2010 revealed that over 40% display significant food effects. Due to altered bioavailability, these medicines are often required to be dosed, rather restrictively, in either the fed or the fasted state, which can hinder clinical usefulness. SUMMARY There are clinical and commercial advantages to predicting the presence of food effects early in the drug development process, in order to mitigate this risk of variable food effect bioavailability. Formulation approaches aimed at reducing variable food-dependent bioavailability, through the use of bio-enabling formulations, are an essential tool in addressing this challenge and the latest state of the art in this field are summarised here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson and Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
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27
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Effinger A, O'Driscoll CM, McAllister M, Fotaki N. Impact of gastrointestinal disease states on oral drug absorption – implications for formulation design – a PEARRL review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:674-698. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Drug product performance in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) diseases can be altered compared to healthy subjects due to pathophysiological changes. In this review, relevant differences in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, coeliac disease, irritable bowel syndrome and short bowel syndrome are discussed and possible in vitro and in silico tools to predict drug product performance in this patient population are assessed.
Key findings
Drug product performance was altered in patients with GI diseases compared to healthy subjects, as assessed in a limited number of studies for some drugs. Underlying causes can be observed pathophysiological alterations such as the differences in GI transit time, the composition of the GI fluids and GI permeability. Additionally, alterations in the abundance of metabolising enzymes and transporter systems were observed. The effect of the GI diseases on each parameter is not always evident as it may depend on the location and the state of the disease. The impact of the pathophysiological change on drug bioavailability depends on the physicochemical characteristics of the drug, the pharmaceutical formulation and drug metabolism. In vitro and in silico methods to predict drug product performance in patients with GI diseases are currently limited but could be a useful tool to improve drug therapy.
Summary
Development of suitable in vitro dissolution and in silico models for patients with GI diseases can improve their drug therapy. The likeliness of the models to provide accurate predictions depends on the knowledge of pathophysiological alterations, and thus, further assessment of physiological differences is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Effinger
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | | | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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28
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Malhotra M, Gooding M, Evans JC, O'Driscoll D, Darcy R, O'Driscoll CM. Cyclodextrin-siRNA conjugates as versatile gene silencing agents. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 114:30-37. [PMID: 29191522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Functional siRNAs (luciferase and PLK1) have been conjugated to β-cyclodextrin and the ability of the conjugates to retain gene knockdown activity has been assessed by delivery to cancer cell lines using various formulations. Initially two formulations used complexation with polycations, namely Lipofectamine 2000 and an amphiphilic polycationic cyclodextrin. Gene knockdown results for human glioblastoma cells (U87) and prostate cancer cells (PC3, DU145) showed that conjugation to the cyclodextrin did not reduce gene silencing by the RNA. A third mode of delivery involved formation of targeted nanoparticles in which the conjugate was first complexed with adamantyl-PEG-ligands (targeting ligand RVG peptide or dianisamide) by adamantyl inclusion in the cyclodextrin cavities of the conjugates, followed by charge neutralisation with the cationic polymer chitosan. Enhanced knockdown was achieved by these ligand-targeted formulations. In summary, while this study illustrated the gene silencing efficacy of a simple cyclodextrin-siRNA conjugate it is envisaged that future studies will explore the use of conjugates with a modified cyclodextrin which would be self-delivering. Detailed data such as stability, lysosomal escape etc. will then be reported for each conjugate, since this will be appropriate for conjugates which are intended to exploit, rather than merely demonstrate, the concept. The present paper was intended to demonstrate the viability and generality of this novel concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Malhotra
- Pharmacodelivery group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matt Gooding
- Pharmacodelivery group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - James C Evans
- Pharmacodelivery group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Daniel O'Driscoll
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Raphael Darcy
- Pharmacodelivery group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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29
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Evans JC, Malhotra M, Sweeney K, Darcy R, Nelson CC, Hollier BG, O'Driscoll CM. Folate-targeted amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles incorporating a fusogenic peptide deliver therapeutic siRNA and inhibit the invasive capacity of 3D prostate cancer tumours. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:511-518. [PMID: 28916296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The main barrier to the development of an effective RNA interference (RNAi) therapy is the lack of a suitable delivery vector. Modified cyclodextrins have emerged in recent years for the delivery of siRNA. In the present study, a folate-targeted amphiphilic cyclodextrin was formulated using DSPE-PEG5000-folate to target prostate cancer cells. The fusogenic peptide GALA was included in the formulation to aid in the endosomal release of siRNA. Targeted nanoparticles were less than 200nm in size with a neutral surface charge. The complexes were able to bind siRNA and protect it from serum nucleases. Incubation with excess free folate resulted in a significant decrease in the uptake of targeted nanoparticles in LNCaP and PC3 cells, both of which have been reported to have differing pathways of folate uptake. There was a significant reduction in the therapeutic targets, ZEB1 and NRP1 at mRNA and protein level following treatment with targeted complexes. In preliminary functional assays using 3D spheroids, treatment of PC3 tumours with targeted complexes with ZEB1 and NRP1 siRNA resulted in more compact colonies relative to the untargeted controls and inhibited infiltration into the Matrigel™ layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Evans
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Meenakshi Malhotra
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katrina Sweeney
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Raphael Darcy
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brett G Hollier
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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30
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O'Shea JP, Nagarsekar K, Wieber A, Witt V, Herbert E, O'Driscoll CM, Saal C, Lubda D, Griffin BT, Dressman JB. Mesoporous silica-based dosage forms improve bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs in pigs: case example fenofibrate. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Mesoporous silicas (SLC) have demonstrated considerable potential to improve bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs by facilitating rapid dissolution and generating supersaturation. The addition of certain polymers can further enhance the dissolution of these formulations by preventing drug precipitation. This study uses fenofibrate as a model drug to investigate the performance of an SLC-based formulation, delivered with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) as a precipitation inhibitor, in pigs. The ability of biorelevant dissolution testing to predict the in vivo performance was also assessed.
Key findings
Fenofibrate-loaded mesoporous silica (FF-SLC), together with HPMCAS, displayed significant improvements in biorelevant dissolution tests relative to a reference formulation consisting of a physical mixture of crystalline fenofibrate with HPMCAS. In vivo assessment in fasted pigs demonstrated bioavailabilities of 86.69 ± 35.37% with combination of FF-SLC and HPMCAS in capsule form and 75.47 ± 14.58% as a suspension, compared to 19.92 ± 9.89% with the reference formulation. A positive correlation was identified between bioavailability and dissolution efficiency.
Conclusions
The substantial improvements in bioavailability of fenofibrate from the SLC-based formulations confirm the ability of this formulation strategy to overcome the dissolution and solubility limitations, further raising the prospects of a future commercially available SLC-based formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P O'Shea
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kalpa Nagarsekar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alena Wieber
- Actives & Formulation Research and Development, MilliporeSigma, a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Vanessa Witt
- Actives & Formulation Research and Development, MilliporeSigma, a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Herbert
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Dieter Lubda
- Actives & Formulation Research and Development, MilliporeSigma, a Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Brendan T Griffin
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer B Dressman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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31
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Griffin BT, Guo J, Presas E, Donovan MD, Alonso MJ, O'Driscoll CM. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and biodistribution following oral administration of nanocarriers containing peptide and protein drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:367-380. [PMID: 27320644 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The influence of nanoparticle (NP) formulations on the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and biodistribution profiles of peptide- and protein-like drugs following oral administration is critically reviewed. The possible mechanisms of absorption enhancement and the effects of the physicochemical properties of the NP are examined. The potential advantages and challenges of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling to help predict efficacy in man are discussed. The importance of developing and expanding the regulatory framework to help translate the technology into the clinic and accelerate the availability of oral nanoparticulate formulations is emphasized. In conclusion, opportunities for future work to improve the state of the art of oral nanomedicines are identified.
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Evans JC, Malhotra M, Cryan JF, O'Driscoll CM. The therapeutic and diagnostic potential of the prostate specific membrane antigen/glutamate carboxypeptidase II (PSMA/GCPII) in cancer and neurological disease. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3041-3079. [PMID: 27526115 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) otherwise known as glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is a membrane bound protein that is highly expressed in prostate cancer and in the neovasculature of a wide variety of tumours including glioblastomas, breast and bladder cancers. This protein is also involved in a variety of neurological diseases including schizophrenia and ALS. In recent years, there has been a surge in the development of both diagnostics and therapeutics that take advantage of the expression and activity of PSMA/GCPII. These include gene therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the biological roles that PSMA/GCPII plays, both in normal and diseased tissues, and the current therapies exploiting its activity that are at the preclinical stage. We conclude by giving an expert opinion on the future direction of PSMA/GCPII based therapies and diagnostics and hurdles that need to be overcome to make them effective and viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Evans
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Meenakshi Malhotra
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Gooding M, Malhotra M, Evans JC, Darcy R, O'Driscoll CM. Oligonucleotide conjugates - Candidates for gene silencing therapeutics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 107:321-40. [PMID: 27521696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications of oligonucleotides (ONs) have attracted great attention in recent years. The capability of ONs to selectively inhibit target genes through antisense and RNA interference mechanisms, without causing un-intended sideeffects has led them to be investigated for various biomedical applications, especially for the treatment of viral diseases and cancer. In recent years, many researchers have focused on enhancing the stability and target specificity of ONs by encapsulating/complexing them with polymers or lipid chains to formulate nanoparticles/nanocomplexes/micelles. Also, chemical modification of nucleic acids has emerged as an alternative to impart stability to ONs against nucleases and other degrading enzymes and proteins found in blood. In addition to chemically modifying the nucleic acids directly, another strategy that has emerged, involves conjugating polymers/peptide/aptamers/antibodies/proteins, preferably to the sense strand (3'end) of siRNAs. Conjugation to the siRNA not only enhances the stability and targeting specificity of the siRNA, but also allows for the development of self-administering siRNA formulations, with a much smaller size than what is usually observed for nanoparticle (∼200nm). This review concentrates mainly on approaches and studies involving ON-conjugates for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Gooding
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Meenakshi Malhotra
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - James C Evans
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Raphael Darcy
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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34
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Evans JC, Malhotra M, Guo J, O'Shea JP, Hanrahan K, O'Neill A, Landry WD, Griffin BT, Darcy R, Watson RW, O'Driscoll CM. Folate-targeted amphiphilic cyclodextrin.siRNA nanoparticles for prostate cancer therapy exhibit PSMA mediated uptake, therapeutic gene silencing in vitro and prolonged circulation in vivo. Nanomedicine 2016; 12:2341-2351. [PMID: 27389146 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a folate targeted cyclodextrin (CD) nanoparticle was prepared by co-formulating CD.siRNA complexes with DSPE-PEG5000-folate to target the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Targeted formulations showed increased uptake, relative to untargeted controls, in two prostate cancer cell lines expressing PSMA (VCaP and LNCaP). Competitive uptake studies, using excess folate, significantly reduced uptake of targeted nanoparticles in PSMA positive cell lines (P<0.001). Relative to untreated controls, folate-targeted nanoparticles significantly reduced the levels of RelA mRNA in VCaP and LNCaP cells by 44% and 22% respectively (P<0.001). In contrast there was no significant reduction in RelA mRNA in these cell lines by untargeted complexes. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data indicated that the incorporation of PEG into the formulation increased the circulation time of siRNA 8-fold. This study highlights the ability of incorporating a folate ligand into CD.siRNA nanoparticles to allow for targeted delivery of siRNA to prostate cancer cells via the PSMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Evans
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Meenakshi Malhotra
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joseph P O'Shea
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen Hanrahan
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amanda O'Neill
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William D Landry
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brendan T Griffin
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Raphael Darcy
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R William Watson
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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35
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Malhotra M, Toulouse A, Godinho BMDC, Mc Carthy DJ, Cryan JF, O'Driscoll CM. RNAi therapeutics for brain cancer: current advancements in RNAi delivery strategies. Mol Biosyst 2016; 11:2635-57. [PMID: 26135606 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00278h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Malignant primary brain tumors are aggressive cancerous cells that invade the surrounding tissues of the central nervous system. The current treatment options for malignant brain tumors are limited due to the inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. The advancements in current research has identified and characterized certain molecular markers that are essential for tumor survival, progression, metastasis and angiogenesis. These molecular markers have served as therapeutic targets for the RNAi based therapies, which enable site-specific silencing of the gene responsible for tumor proliferation. However, to bring about therapeutic success, an efficient delivery carrier that can cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the targeted site is essential. The current review focuses on the potential of targeted, non-viral and viral particles containing RNAi therapeutic molecules as delivery strategies specifically for brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Malhotra
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Guo J, O'Driscoll CM, Holmes JD, Rahme K. Bioconjugated gold nanoparticles enhance cellular uptake: A proof of concept study for siRNA delivery in prostate cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2016; 509:16-27. [PMID: 27188645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) facilitates surface modifications and thus these bioengineered NPs have been investigated as a means of delivering a variety of therapeutic cargos to treat cancer. In this study we have developed AuNPs conjugated with targeting ligands to enhance cell-specific uptake in prostate cancer cells, with a purpose of providing efficient non-viral gene delivery systems in the treatment of prostate cancer. As a consequence, two novel AuNPs were synthesised namely AuNPs-PEG-Tf (negatively charged AuNPs with the transferrin targeting ligands) and AuNPs-PEI-FA (positively charged AuNPs with the folate-receptor targeting ligands). Both bioconjugated AuNPs demonstrated low cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells. The attachment of the targeting ligand Tf to AuNPs successfully achieved receptor-mediated cellular uptake in PC-3 cells, a prostate cancer cell line highly expressing Tf receptors. The AuNPs-PEI-FA effectively complexed small interfering RNA (siRNA) through electrostatic interaction. At the cellular level the AuNPs-PEI-FA specifically delivered siRNA into LNCaP cells, a prostate cancer cell line overexpressing prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA, exhibits a hydrolase enzymic activity with a folate substrate). Following endolysosomal escape the AuNPs-PEI-FA.siRNA formulation produced enhanced endogenous gene silencing compared to the non-targeted formulation. Our results suggest both formulations have potential as non-viral gene delivery vectors in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Guo
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | | | - Justin D Holmes
- Materials Chemistry and Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry and The Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kamil Rahme
- Materials Chemistry and Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry and The Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Science, Notre Dame University (Louaize), Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon.
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Fitzgerald KA, Rahme K, Guo J, Holmes JD, O'Driscoll CM. Anisamide-targeted gold nanoparticles for siRNA delivery in prostate cancer - synthesis, physicochemical characterisation and in vitro evaluation. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2242-2252. [PMID: 32263220 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00082g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men and current chemotherapies are largely inadequate in terms of efficacy and toxicity. Hence improved treatments are required. The application of siRNA as a cancer therapeutic holds great promise. However, translation of siRNA into the clinic is dependent on the availability of an effective delivery system. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are known to be effective and non-toxic siRNA delivery agents. In this study, a stable gold nanosphere coated with poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) was prepared to yield PEI capped AuNPs (Au-PEI). The PEI was further conjugated with the targeting ligand anisamide (AA, is known to bind to the sigma receptor overexpressed on the surface of prostate cancer cells) to produce an anisamide-targeted nanoparticle (Au-PEI-AA). The resulting untargeted and targeted nanoparticles (Au-PEI and Au-PEI-AA respectively) were positively charged and efficiently complexed siRNA. Au-PEI-AA mediated siRNA uptake into PC3 prostate cancer cells via binding to the sigma receptor. In addition, the Au-PEI-AA·siRNA complexes resulted in highly efficient knockdown of the RelA gene (∼70%) when cells were transfected in serum-free medium. In contrast, no knockdown was observed in the presence of serum, suggesting that adsorption of serum proteins inhibits the binding of the anisamide moiety to the sigma receptor. This study provides (for the first time) proof of principle that anisamide-labelled gold nanoparticles can target the sigma receptor. Further optimisation of the formulation to increase serum stability will enhance its potential to treat prostate cancer.
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Fitzgerald KA, Malhotra M, Gooding M, Sallas F, Evans JC, Darcy R, O'Driscoll CM. A novel, anisamide-targeted cyclodextrin nanoformulation for siRNA delivery to prostate cancer cells expressing the sigma-1 receptor. Int J Pharm 2016; 499:131-145. [PMID: 26721726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men and RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a potential therapeutic option. However, the absence of a safe and specific delivery vector remains a major obstacle to the clinical application of RNAi. Cyclodextrin derivatives are known to be efficient delivery systems with low toxicity in a variety of cell types. In this study, a cationic cyclodextrin derivative was synthesized to complex siRNA. The nanoparticle was then further modified by exploiting the ability of the β-cyclodextrin cavity to form an inclusion complex with the hydrophobic molecule adamantane. PEGylated adamantane derivatives were synthesized with and without the anisamide-targeting ligand on the terminal end of the PEG chain. Anisamide is known to bind specifically to the sigma receptor which is overexpressed on the surface of prostate cancer cells. The resulting nanocomplexes were slightly cationic and less than 300 nm in size. They successfully protected siRNA from serum-induced nuclease degradation and were non-toxic to prostate cancer cells. In addition, the targeted nanoparticles mediated high levels of siRNA cellular uptake and corresponding PLK1 gene knockdown in prostate cancer cells in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the ability of cyclodextrins to form inclusion complexes with adamantane derivatives has been exploited for the targeted delivery of siRNA to prostate cancer cells via the sigma receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meenakshi Malhotra
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Matt Gooding
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Florence Sallas
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - James C Evans
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Raphael Darcy
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Ireland; School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Hibbitts A, O'Mahony AM, Forde E, Nolan L, Ogier J, Desgranges S, Darcy R, MacLoughlin R, O'Driscoll CM, Cryan SA. Early-stage development of novel cyclodextrin-siRNA nanocomplexes allows for successful postnebulization transfection of bronchial epithelial cells. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2015; 27:466-77. [PMID: 24665866 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2013.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to the lungs remains hampered by poor intracellular delivery, vector-mediated cytotoxicity, and an inability to withstand nebulization. Recently, a novel cyclodextrin (CD), SC12CDClickpropylamine, consisting of distinct lipophilic and cationic subunits, has been shown to transfect a number of cell types. However, the suitability of this vector for pulmonary siRNA delivery has not been assessed to date. To address this, a series of high-content analysis (HCA) and postnebulization assays were devised to determine the potential for CD-siRNA delivery to the lungs. METHODS SC12CDClickpropylamine-siRNA mass ratios (MRs) were examined for size and zeta potential. In-depth analysis of nanocomplex uptake and toxicity in Calu-3 bronchial epithelial cells was examined using IN Cell(®) HCA assays. Nebulized SC12CDClickpropylamine nanocomplexes were assessed for volumetric median diameter (VMD) and fine particle fraction (FPF) and compared with saline controls. Finally, postnebulization stability was determined by comparing luciferase knockdown elicited by SC12CDClickpropylamine nanocomplexes before and after nebulization. RESULTS SC12CDClickpropylamine-siRNA complexation formed cationic nanocomplexes of ≤200 nm in size depending on the medium and led to significantly higher levels of siRNA associated with Calu-3 cells compared with RNAiFect-siRNA-treated cells at all MRs (p<0.001, n=3×4), with evidence of toxicity only at MRs 50-100. Nebulization of SC12CDClickpropylamine nanocomplexes using the Aeroneb(®) Pro resulted in VMDs of ∼4 μm and FPFs of ∼57% at all MRs. SC12CDClickpropylamine-siRNA-mediated luciferase knockdown was found to be 39.8±3.6% at MR=20 before and 35.6±4.55% after nebulization, comparable to results observed using unnebulized commercial transfection reagent, RNAiFect. CONCLUSIONS SC12CDClickpropylamine nanocomplexes can be effectively nebulized for pulmonary delivery of siRNA using Aeroneb technology to mediate knockdown in airway cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study examining the suitability of SC12CDClickpropylamine-siRNA nanocomplexes for pulmonary delivery. Furthermore, this work provides an integrated nanomedicine-device combination for future in vitro and in vivo preclinical and clinical studies of inhaled siRNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hibbitts
- 1 School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
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Rahme K, Guo J, Holmes JD, O'Driscoll CM. Evaluation of the physicochemical properties and the biocompatibility of polyethylene glycol-conjugated gold nanoparticles: A formulation strategy for siRNA delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:604-612. [PMID: 26322474 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential of RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics for cancer has received much attention; however, delivery of RNAi effectors, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), remains an obstacle to clinical translation. Non-viral delivery vectors have been used extensively to enhance siRNA delivery. Recently, the potential of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for transporting drugs, proteins and genetic materials has been demonstrated. Previously, our laboratory synthesised positively charged, surfactant-free AuNPs in water by the reduction of gold (III) chloride (AuCl3) using hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH·HCl) in the presence of L-cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride (HSCH2CH(NH2)COOCH3·HCl) as a capping agent. These AuNPs, which achieve higher cell viability in comparison to cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB, a surfactant)-capped counterparts, have demonstrated potential for siRNA delivery. However, it is well known that systemic administration of cationic delivery systems without biological stablising moieties causes non-specific binding with negatively charged serum proteins, resulting in particle aggregation and opsonisation. Consequently, highly stable AuNPs capped with l-cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were synthesised in this study. PEGylation enhanced the biocompatibility of the AuNPs by reducing toxicity in a range of cell types, by inhibiting interaction with serum proteins thus avoiding aggregation, and, by providing protection against degradation by nucleases. Moreover, these PEGylated AuNPs formed nanoparticles (NPs) with siRNA (which was first compacted with protamine), and had a diameter within the nanoscale range (∼ 250 nm) and a near neutral surface charge (∼ 10 mV). In the future a bifunctional PEG chain on the AuNPs (i.e., SH-PEG-NH2, SH-PEG-COOH) will be used to facilitate conjugation of a targeting ligand to enhance cell specific uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Rahme
- Materials Chemistry and Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; AMBER (Advanced Materials and Biological Engineering Research Centre), CRANN (Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Science, Notre Dame University (Louaize), Lebanon
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Justin D Holmes
- Materials Chemistry and Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; AMBER (Advanced Materials and Biological Engineering Research Centre), CRANN (Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Fitzgerald KA, Guo J, Tierney EG, Curtin CM, Malhotra M, Darcy R, O'Brien FJ, O'Driscoll CM. The use of collagen-based scaffolds to simulate prostate cancer bone metastases with potential for evaluating delivery of nanoparticulate gene therapeutics. Biomaterials 2015. [PMID: 26196533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer bone metastases are a leading cause of cancer-related death in men with current treatments offering only marginally improved rates of survival. Advances in the understanding of the genetic basis of prostate cancer provide the opportunity to develop gene-based medicines capable of treating metastatic disease. The aim of this work was to establish a 3D cell culture model of prostate cancer bone metastasis using collagen-based scaffolds, to characterise this model, and to assess the potential of the model to evaluate delivery of gene therapeutics designed to target bone metastases. Two prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and LNCaP) were cultured in 2D standard culture and compared to 3D cell growth on three different collagen-based scaffolds (collagen and composites of collagen containing either glycosaminoglycan or nanohydroxyapatite). The 3D model was characterised for cell proliferation, viability and for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzyme and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) secretion. Chemosensitivity to docetaxel treatment was assessed in 2D in comparison to 3D. Nanoparticles (NPs) containing siRNA formulated using a modified cyclodextrin were delivered to the cells on the scaffolds and gene silencing was quantified. Both prostate cancer cell lines actively infiltrated and proliferated on the scaffolds. Cell culture in 3D resulted in reduced levels of MMP1 and MMP9 secretion in PC3 cells. In contrast, LNCaP cells grown in 3D secreted elevated levels of PSA, particularly on the scaffold composed of collagen and glycosaminoglycans. Both cell lines grown in 3D displayed increased resistance to docetaxel treatment. The cyclodextrin.siRNA nanoparticles achieved cellular uptake and knocked down the endogenous GAPDH gene in the 3D model. In conclusion, development of a novel 3D cell culture model of prostate cancer bone metastasis has been initiated resulting, for the first time, in the successful delivery of gene therapeutics in a 3D in vitro model. Further enhancement of this model will help elucidate the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and also accelerate the design of effective therapies which can penetrate into the bone microenvironment for prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Erica G Tierney
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Anatomy Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
| | - Caroline M Curtin
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Anatomy Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
| | - Meenakshi Malhotra
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Raphael Darcy
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Anatomy Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
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Gooding M, Malhotra M, McCarthy DJ, Godinho BMDC, Cryan JF, Darcy R, O'Driscoll CM. Synthesis and characterization of rabies virus glycoprotein-tagged amphiphilic cyclodextrins for siRNA delivery in human glioblastoma cells: in vitro analysis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 71:80-92. [PMID: 25703259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In man brain cancer is an aggressive, malignant form of tumour, it is highly infiltrative in nature, is associated with cellular heterogeneity and affects cerebral hemispheres of the brain. Current drug therapies are inadequate and an unmet clinical need exists to develop new improved therapeutics. The ability to silence genes associated with disease progression by using short interfering RNA (siRNA) presents the potential to develop safe and effective therapies. In this work, in order to protect the siRNA from degradation, promote cell specific uptake and enhance gene silencing efficiency, a PEGylated cyclodextrin (CD)-based nanoparticle, tagged with a CNS-targeting peptide derived from the rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) was formulated and characterized. The modified cyclodextrin derivatives were synthesized and co-formulated to form nanoparticles containing siRNA which were analysed for size, surface charge, stability, cellular uptake and gene-knockdown in brain cancer cells. The results identified an optimised co-formulation prototype at a molar ratio of 1:1.5:0.5 (cationic cyclodextrin:PEGylated cyclodextrin:RVG-tagged PEGylated cyclodextrin) with a size of 281 ± 39.72 nm, a surface charge of 26.73 ± 3 mV, with efficient cellular uptake and a 27% gene-knockdown ability. This CD-based formulation represents a potential nanocomplex for systemic delivery of siRNA targeting brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Gooding
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Meenakshi Malhotra
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David J McCarthy
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Bruno M D C Godinho
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Raphael Darcy
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Synthesis of positively charged, surfactant-free, not cytotoxic 2–200 nm gold nanoparticles in water by seeding growth method; a powerful candidate for nucleic acid delivery application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Guo
- Pharmacodelivery group
- School of Pharmacy
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
| | - Mark J. Armstrong
- Materials Chemistry and Analysis Group
- Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
| | | | - Justin D. Holmes
- Materials Chemistry and Analysis Group
- Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
| | - Kamil Rahme
- Materials Chemistry and Analysis Group
- Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
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44
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Guo J, Cahill MR, McKenna SL, O'Driscoll CM. Biomimetic nanoparticles for siRNA delivery in the treatment of leukaemia. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1396-409. [PMID: 25218571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leukaemia is a bone marrow cancer occurring in acute and chronic subtypes. Acute leukaemia is a rapidly fatal cancer potentially causing death within a few weeks, if untreated. Leukaemia arises as a result of disruption to haematopoietic precursors, caused either by acquired gene fusions, gene mutations or inappropriate expression of the relevant oncogenes. Current treatment options have made significant progress, but the 5 year survival for acute leukaemia remains under 10% in elderly patients, and less than 50% for some types of acute leukaemia in younger adults. For chronic leukaemias longer survival is generally expected and for chronic myeloid leukaemia patients on tyrosine kinase inhibitors the median survival is not yet reached and is expected to exceed 10 years. Chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute leukaemia provide the mainstay of therapy for patients under 65 and both carry significant morbidity and mortality. Alternative and superior therapeutic strategies for acute leukaemias are urgently required. Recent molecular-based knowledge of recurring chromosome rearrangements, in particular translocations and inversions, has resulted in significant advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of leukaemia. Identification of a number of unique fusion genes has facilitated the development of highly specific small interfering RNAs (siRNA). Although delivery of siRNA using multifunctional nanoparticles has been investigated to treat solid cancers, the application of this approach to blood cancers is at an early stage. This review describes current treatments for leukaemia and highlights the potential of leukaemic fusion genes as therapeutic targets for RNA interference (RNAi). In addition, the design of biomimetic nanoparticles which are capable of responding to the physiological environment of leukaemia and their potential to advance RNAi therapeutics to the clinic will be critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Guo
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary R Cahill
- Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Ireland
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Godinho BMDC, Ogier JR, Quinlan A, Darcy R, Griffin BT, Cryan JF, O'Driscoll CM. PEGylated cyclodextrins as novel siRNA nanosystems: correlations between polyethylene glycol length and nanoparticle stability. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:105-12. [PMID: 24992319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Silencing disease-related genes in the central nervous system (CNS) using short interfering RNA (siRNA) holds great promise for treating neurological disorders. Yet, delivery of RNAi therapeutics to the brain poses major challenges to non-viral systems, especially when considering systemic administration. Cationic nanoparticles have been widely investigated for siRNA delivery, but the tendency of these to aggregate in physiological environments limits their intravenous application. Thus, strategies to increase the stability of nanoparticles have been developed. Here, we investigated the ability of modified cationic amphiphilic or PEGylated amphiphilic cyclodextrins (CD) to formulate stable CD.siRNA nanoparticles. To this end, we describe a simple method for post-modification of pre-formed cationic CD.siRNA nanoparticles at their surface using PEGylated CDs of different PEG lengths. PEGylated CD.siRNA nanoparticles presented reduced surface charges and increased stability in physiological salt conditions. Stability of PEGylated CD.siRNA nanoparticles in vitro increased with both PEG length and PEG density at the surface. Furthermore, in a comparative pharmacokinetic study, increased systemic exposure and reduced clearance were achieved with CD-formulations when compared to naked siRNAs. However, no significant differences were observed among non-PEGylated and PEGylated CD.siRNAs suggesting that longer PEG lengths might be required for improving stability in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M D C Godinho
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Julien R Ogier
- Centre for synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Quinlan
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Raphael Darcy
- Centre for synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan T Griffin
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Cork, Ireland
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O'Mahony AM, Cronin MF, Mcmahon A, Evans JC, Daly K, Darcy R, O'Driscoll CM. Biophysical and Structural Characterisation of Nucleic Acid Complexes with Modified Cyclodextrins Using Circular Dichroism. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1346-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Fitzgerald KA, Evans JC, McCarthy J, Guo J, Prencipe M, Kearney M, Watson WR, O'Driscoll CM. The role of transcription factors in prostate cancer and potential for future RNA interference therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:633-49. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.896904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Godinho BM, McCarthy DJ, Torres-Fuentes C, Beltrán CJ, McCarthy J, Quinlan A, Ogier JR, Darcy R, O'Driscoll CM, Cryan JF. Differential nanotoxicological and neuroinflammatory liabilities of non-viral vectors for RNA interference in the central nervous system. Biomaterials 2014; 35:489-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Griffin BT, Kuentz M, Vertzoni M, Kostewicz ES, Fei Y, Faisal W, Stillhart C, O'Driscoll CM, Reppas C, Dressman JB. Comparison of in vitro tests at various levels of complexity for the prediction of in vivo performance of lipid-based formulations: case studies with fenofibrate. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 86:427-37. [PMID: 24184675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to characterise three prototype fenofibrate lipid-based formulations using a range of in vitro tests with differing levels of complexity and to assess the extent to which these methods provide additional insight into in vivo findings. Three self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) were prepared: a long chain (LC) Type IIIA SEDDS, a medium chain (MC) Type IIIA SEDDS, and a Type IIIB/IV SEDDS containing surfactants only (SO). Dilution, dispersion and digestion tests were performed to assess solubilisation and precipitation behaviour in vitro. Focussed beam reflectance measurements and solid state characterisation of the precipitate was conducted. Oral bioavailability was evaluated in landrace pigs. Dilution and dispersion testing revealed that all three formulations were similar in terms of maintaining fenofibrate in a solubilised state on dispersion in biorelevant media. During in vitro digestion, the Type IIIA formulations displayed limited drug precipitation (<5%), whereas the Type IIIB/IV formulation displayed extensive drug precipitation (~70% dose). Solid state analysis confirmed that precipitated fenofibrate was crystalline. The oral bioavailability was similar for the three lipid formulations (65-72%). In summary, the use of LC versus MC triglycerides in Type IIIA SEDDS had no impact on the bioavailability of fenofibrate. The extensive precipitation observed with the Type IIIB/IV formulation during in vitro digestion did not adversely impact fenofibrate bioavailability in vivo, relative to the Type IIIA formulations. These results were predicted suitably using in vitro dilution and dispersion testing, whereas the in vitro digestion method failed to predict the outcome of the in vivo study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Edmund S Kostewicz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yang Fei
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Waleed Faisal
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Cordula Stillhart
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | | | - Christos Reppas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Jennifer B Dressman
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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O'Mahony AM, Godinho BMDC, Cryan JF, O'Driscoll CM. Non-viral nanosystems for gene and small interfering RNA delivery to the central nervous system: formulating the solution. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:3469-84. [PMID: 23893329 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of gene and RNAi-based therapies to the central nervous system (CNS), for neurological and neurodegenerative disease, offers immense potential. The issue of delivery to the target site remains the single greatest barrier to achieving this. There are challenges to gene and siRNA (small interfering RNA) delivery which are specific to the CNS, including the post-mitotic nature of neurons, their resistance to transfection and the blood-brain barrier. Viral vectors are highly efficient and have been used extensively in pre-clinical studies for CNS diseases. However, non-viral delivery offers an exciting alternative. In this review, we will discuss the extracellular and intracellular barriers to gene and siRNA delivery in the CNS. Our focus will be directed towards various non-viral strategies used to overcome these barriers. In this regard, we describe selected non-viral vectors and categorise them according to the barriers that they overcome by their formulation and targeting strategies. Some of the difficulties associated with non-viral vectors such as toxicity, large-scale manufacture and route of administration are discussed. We provide examples of optimised formulation approaches and discuss regulatory hurdles to clinical validation. Finally, we outline the components of an "ideal" formulation, based on a critical analysis of the approaches highlighted throughout the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M O'Mahony
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Ireland
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