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Hu Y, Pan R, Wang Y, Ma M, Peng Y, Fan W, Zhang R, Nian H, Zhu J. Daphne genkwa: Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106089. [PMID: 38906384 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Daphne genkwa, as a traditional medicine, is widely distributed in China, Korea and Vietnam. In China, the dried flower buds of this plant are named "Yuanhua". It has the ability to effectively promote urination, eliminate phlegm and alleviate cough, eliminate parasites and cure of scabies, with a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects and considerable clinical efficacy. This paper provides a summary and classification of the main chemical constituents of D. genkwa based on a review of relevant domestic and foreign literature. It also outlines the current research status of traditional clinical usage, pharmacological effects, and toxicity of D. genkwa. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for further study of D. genkwa and its potential new clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Department of Pharmacy Research, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Rongrong Pan
- Department of Pharmacy Research, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Minghua Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; Department of Pharmacy Research, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Weiqing Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Research, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Hua Nian
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Jianyong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Department of Pharmacy Research, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
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Otsuki K, Li W. Tigliane and daphnane diterpenoids from Thymelaeaceae family: chemistry, biological activity, and potential in drug discovery. J Nat Med 2023; 77:625-643. [PMID: 37294498 PMCID: PMC10465420 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tigliane and daphnane diterpenoids are characteristically distributed in plants of the Thymelaeaceae family as well as the Euphorbiaceae family and are structurally diverse due to the presence of polyoxygenated functionalities in the polycyclic skeleton. These diterpenoids are known as toxic components, while they have been shown to exhibit a wide variety of biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-HIV, and analgesic activity, and are attracting attention in the field of natural product drug discovery. This review focuses on naturally occurring tigliane and daphnane diterpenoids from plants of the Thymelaeaceae family and provides an overview of their chemical structure, distribution, isolation, structure determination, chemical synthesis, and biological activities, with a prime focus on the recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouharu Otsuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan.
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Nie YW, Li Y, Luo L, Zhang CY, Fan W, Gu WY, Shi KR, Zhai XX, Zhu JY. Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of the Diterpenoids from the Genus Daphne. Molecules 2021; 26:6598. [PMID: 34771007 PMCID: PMC8588408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are abundant natural diterpenoids in the plants of the genus Daphne from the Thymelaeaceae family, featuring a 5/7/6-tricyclic ring system and usually with an orthoester group. So far, a total of 135 diterpenoids has been isolated from the species of the genus Daphne, which could be further classified into three main types according to the substitution pattern of ring A and oxygen-containing functions at ring B. A variety of studies have demonstrated that these compounds exert a wide range of bioactivities both in vitro and in vivo including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antifertility, neurotrophic, and cholesterol-lowering effects, which is reviewed herein. Meanwhile, the fascinating structure-activity relationship is also concluded in this review in the hope of providing an easy access to available information for the synthesis and optimization of efficient drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China; (Y.-W.N.); (Y.L.); (W.F.); (W.-Y.G.); (K.-R.S.)
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China;
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China; (Y.-W.N.); (Y.L.); (W.F.); (W.-Y.G.); (K.-R.S.)
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China;
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China; (Y.-W.N.); (Y.L.); (W.F.); (W.-Y.G.); (K.-R.S.)
| | - Chun-Yan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China;
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China; (Y.-W.N.); (Y.L.); (W.F.); (W.-Y.G.); (K.-R.S.)
| | - Wei-Ying Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China; (Y.-W.N.); (Y.L.); (W.F.); (W.-Y.G.); (K.-R.S.)
| | - Kou-Rong Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China; (Y.-W.N.); (Y.L.); (W.F.); (W.-Y.G.); (K.-R.S.)
| | - Xiao-Xiang Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China;
| | - Jian-Yong Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China;
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Fermaintt CS, Peramuna T, Cai S, Takahashi-Ruiz L, Essif JN, Grant CV, O’Keefe BR, Mooberry SL, Cichewicz RH, Risinger AL. Yuanhuacine Is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of the Basal-Like 2 Subtype of Triple Negative Breast Cancer with Immunogenic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112834. [PMID: 34200174 PMCID: PMC8201195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has led to efforts to further subtype this disease with the hope of identifying new molecular liabilities and drug targets. Furthermore, the finding that TNBC is the most inherently immunogenic type of breast cancer provides the potential for effective treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and immune adjuvants. Thus, we devised a dual screen to identify compounds from natural product extracts with TNBC subtype selectivity that also promote the expression of cytokines associated with antitumor immunity. These efforts led to the identification of yuanhuacine (1) as a potent and highly selective inhibitor of the basal-like 2 (BL2) subtype of TNBC that also promoted an antitumor associated cytokine signature in immune cells. The mechanism of action of yuanhuacine for both phenotypes depends on activation of protein kinase C (PKC), defining a novel target for the treatment of this clinical TNBC subtype. Yuanhuacine showed potent antitumor efficacy in animals bearing BL2 tumors further demonstrating that PKC could function as a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of the BL2 subtype of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S. Fermaintt
- Department of Pharmacology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.S.F.); (L.T.-R.); (J.N.E.); (C.V.G.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Thilini Peramuna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Natural Products Discovery Group, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (T.P.); (S.C.); (R.H.C.)
| | - Shengxin Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Natural Products Discovery Group, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (T.P.); (S.C.); (R.H.C.)
| | - Leila Takahashi-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.S.F.); (L.T.-R.); (J.N.E.); (C.V.G.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Jacob Nathaniel Essif
- Department of Pharmacology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.S.F.); (L.T.-R.); (J.N.E.); (C.V.G.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Corena V. Grant
- Department of Pharmacology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.S.F.); (L.T.-R.); (J.N.E.); (C.V.G.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Barry R. O’Keefe
- Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis and Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Susan L. Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.S.F.); (L.T.-R.); (J.N.E.); (C.V.G.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Robert H. Cichewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Natural Products Discovery Group, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (T.P.); (S.C.); (R.H.C.)
| | - April L. Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (C.S.F.); (L.T.-R.); (J.N.E.); (C.V.G.); (S.L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-210-567-6267
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Madan B, Virshup DM, Nes WD, Leaver DJ. Unearthing the Janus-face cholesterogenesis pathways in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 196:114611. [PMID: 34010597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol biosynthesis, primarily associated with eukaryotes, occurs as an essential component of human metabolism with biosynthetic deregulation a factor in cancer viability. The segment that partitions between squalene and the C27-end cholesterol yields the main cholesterogenesis branch subdivided into the Bloch and Kandutsch-Russell pathways. Their importance in cell viability, in normal growth and development originates primarily from the amphipathic property and shape of the cholesterol molecule which makes it suitable as a membrane insert. Cholesterol can also convert to variant oxygenated product metabolites of distinct function producing a complex interplay between cholesterol synthesis and overall steroidogenesis. In this review, we disassociate the two sides of cholesterogenesisis affecting the type and amounts of systemic sterols-one which is beneficial to human welfare while the other dysfunctional leading to misery and disease that could result in premature death. Our focus here is first to examine the cholesterol biosynthetic genes, enzymes, and order of biosynthetic intermediates in human cholesterogenesis pathways, then compare the effect of proximal and distal inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis against normal and cancer cell growth and metabolism. Collectively, the inhibitor studies of druggable enzymes and specific biosynthetic steps, suggest a potential role of disrupted cholesterol biosynthesis, in coordination with imported cholesterol, as a factor in cancer development and as discussed some of these inhibitors have chemotherapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Madan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David M Virshup
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - W David Nes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - David J Leaver
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Physical Sciences, Sul Ross State University, Alpine, TX, USA.
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Wu J, Guo L, Qiu X, Ren Y, Li F, Cui W, Song S. Genkwadaphnin inhibits growth and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by blocking DHCR24-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid rafts formation. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1673-1685. [PMID: 32958824 PMCID: PMC7686505 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver is the central organ for cholesterol homoeostasis, and its dysfunction might cause liver pathological alterations including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ24 reductase (DHCR24), a crucial enzyme of cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, is involved in lipid rafts formation. Genkwadaphnin (GD) is a daphnane diterpene isolated from the flower buds of Daphne genkwa Siebold et Zuccarini (Thymelaeaceae). METHODS We evaluated in vitro and in vivo effect of GD using HCC cells and BALB/c nude mice. Microarray assays were used to identify the differential genes by GD. DHCR24 expression and activity, cholesterol level, lipid rafts structure and the role of DHCR24 in human HCC specimens were tested by various molecular biology techniques. RESULTS High expression of DHCR24 in human HCC specimens was correlated with poor clinical outcome. Interfering DHCR24 altered growth and migration of HCC cells. GD inhibited growth and metastasis of HCC cells both in vivo and in vitro. GD suppressed DHCR24 expression and activity, as well as DHCR24-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid rafts formation, then further inhibited HCC cell invasion and migration. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that DHCR24-mediated cholesterol metabolism might be an effective therapeutic strategy in HCC, and natural product GD might be a promising agent for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Guo
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Qiu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ren
- Department of Pathology, Central Theater Command General Hospital PLA, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cui
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaojiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu BB, Wang H, Chi YF, Wang YM, Yao XM, Liu S, Qiu H, Fang J, Yin PH, Zhang XM, Peng W. Protective effects of probucol on Ox-LDL-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells via LOX‑1/ROS/MAPK signaling. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1289-1296. [PMID: 29115480 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), as a strong oxidant, results in renal injury through multiple mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to determine the injury effects of Ox‑LDL and the potential protective effects of the antioxidant reagent probucol on epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK‑2) and to further explore the role and interrelation of lectin‑like oxidized low‑density lipoprotein receptor‑1 (LOX‑1), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In the present study, concentrations of 0‑100 µg/ml Ox‑LDL were used to induce HK‑2 cell EMT. Then, probucol (20 µmol/l) and the LOX‑1 inhibitor, polyinosinic acid (250 µg/ml), were also used to pretreat HK‑2 cells. Intracellular ROS activity was evaluated using the specific probe 2',7'‑dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‑DA). Concentration of nitric oxide (NO) was determined using a biochemical colorimetric method. Expression of E‑cadherin, α‑smooth muscle actin (SMA), LOX‑1, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), cytochrome b‑245 α chain (p22phox), extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 MAPK protein levels were examined by western blotting. The results revealed that Ox‑LDL induced the expression of LOX‑1 and α‑SMA and reduced the expression of E‑cadherin in a dose‑dependent manner, and these effects were inhibited by polyinosinic acid or probucol pretreatment. Stimulation with 50 µg/ml Ox‑LDL induced the expression of NOX4 and p22phox and increased intracellular ROS activity, but NO production in the cell supernatants was not affected. The Ox‑LDL‑mediated increases in Nox4 and p22phox expression and in ROS activity were inhibited by probucol pretreatment. Further investigations into the underlying molecular pathways demonstrated that ERK and p38 MAPK were activated by Ox‑LDL stimulation and then inhibited by probucol pretreatment. The findings of the present study therefore suggest that Ox‑LDL induced EMT in HK‑2 cells, the mechanism of which may be associated with LOX‑1‑related oxidative stress via the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways. Notably, pretreatment with probucol inhibited the Ox‑LDL‑induced oxidative stress by reducing the expression of LOX‑1, and blocked the progression of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Yang Feng Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Yun Man Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Xing Mei Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Ji Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Pei Hao Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Xue Mei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
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Sovrlić MM, Manojlović NT. Plants from The Genus Daphne: A Review of its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Biological and Pharmacological Activity. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2016-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Plants have an important role in maintaining people’s health and improving the quality of human life. They are an important component of people’s diet, but they are also used in other spheres of human life as a therapeutic resources, ingredients of cosmetic products, paints and others. The Daphne genus belongs to family Thymeleaceae which includes 44 families with approximately 500 herbal species. The plant species of the genus Daphne are used in the traditional medicine in China and tropical part of Africa for the treatment of various conditions. Previous studies showed significant biological potential of these species as a source of pharmacologically active compounds. This indicates that this genus possess a broad spectrum of biological activity including antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, anti-ulcerogenic, abortive, hypocholesterolemic and hemostatic effects. Additionally, Daphne plants are the source of valuable bioactive phytochemicals such as coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, steroids and different classes of terpenes. Different parts of the Daphne plants contain specific bioactive metabolites and can represent a source of new, natural, pharmacologically active compounds, which may potentially be used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav M. Sovrlić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovicá, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Duan X, Gao S, Li J, Wu L, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhao L, Chen J, Yang S, Sun G, Li B. Acute arsenic exposure induces inflammatory responses and CD4+ T cell subpopulations differentiation in spleen and thymus with the involvement of MAPK, NF-kB, and Nrf2. Mol Immunol 2017; 81:160-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kang HB, Lee HR, Jee DJ, Shin SH, Nah SS, Yoon SY, Kim JW. PRDM1, a Tumor-Suppressor Gene, is Induced by Genkwadaphnin in Human Colon Cancer SW620 Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:172-9. [PMID: 26096175 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Genkwadaphnin (GD-1) is isolated from the flower buds of Daphne genkwa Siebold et Zuccarini (Thymelaeaceae), and it has been used as a traditional Korean and Chinese medicine. In this study, the authors observe that GD-1 inhibits the growth of the colon cancer cell line, SW620, through the up-regulation of p21 expression in a PRDM1-dependent manner. After treatment with GD-1, the transcriptional repressor PRDM1 is prominently induced in SW620 cells. Furthermore, GD-1 induce the phosphorylation of PKD1 and MEK and subsequently provide PRDM1 enhancement, resulting in the suppression of c-Myc expression and the up-regulation of p21. PKD1 knockdown using siRNA abrogates PRDM1 expression by GD-1 and subsequently disrupts the regulation of c-Myc and p21 expression. Treating SW620 cells with GD-1 inhibits cell-cycle progression and is characterized by the down-regulation of c-Myc followed by the up-regulation of p21 expression. The up-regulation of p21 by GD-1 induces the growth arrest of the SW620 colon cancer cell line. Based on these data, the authors propose that GD-1 has tumor-suppressor activity that may contribute to the anti-tumor effects of PRDM1 in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Bum Kang
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Reum Lee
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Jung Jee
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Shin
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Soonchunhyang Medical Science Research Institute, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Su Nah
- Head of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Choenan hospital College of Medicine, Choenan, 330-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Yoon
- ENZYCHEM Lifesciences, 103-6, KAIST-ICC F741, Munjidong, Daejeon, 305-732, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wha Kim
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Genkwadaphnin promotes leukocyte migration by increasing CD44 expression via PKD1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Immunol Lett 2016; 173:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Liu M, Park J, Wu X, Li Y, Tran Q, Mun K, Lee Y, Hur GM, Wen A, Park J. Shen-Kang protects 5/6 nephrectomized rats against renal injury by reducing oxidative stress through the MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:975-84. [PMID: 26310779 PMCID: PMC4564094 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health concern with limited treatment options. The incidence of CDK is increasing and the disease is associated with a poor quality of life and a high financial cost of treatment. Shen-Kang (SK), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been used clinically in the treatment of renal diseases for decades. This study was carried out to validate the therapeutic effects of SK on renal injury induced by 5/6 nephrectomy, as well as its effects on the apoptosis of proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2 cells), in an aim to elucidate its mechanisms of action. For this purpose, an animal model of renal injury was created by subjecting rats to a 5/6 nephrectomy. The rats in the sham-operated and model groups received distilled water, while the rats in the SK and enalapril (EN) groups were treated with SK or EN. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were measured. Kidney tissues obtained from the rats were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. HK-2 cells were employed to investigate the effects of SK on the apoptosis of renal proximal tubule epithelial cells induced by treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Apoptotic events were monitored by western blot analysis, flow cytometric analysis and nuclear morphological anlaysis. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometric analysis with dihydroethidium staining. The results revealed that the administration of SK to 5/6 nephrectomized rats for 1 week significantly decreased the levels of SCr and BUN. The morphological observations of the kidneys also indicated the amelioration of damage to renal tissue. Treatment of the HK-2 cells with SK significantly protected the cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis, as indicated by an increase in cell viability, the decrease in the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and fewer condensed nuclei. H2O2-induced ROS production was also attenuated by treatment with SK. Of note, the increase in the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphorylated p38 which occurred in response to exposure to H2O2 was inhibited by treatment with SK. No changes were observed in the levels of phosphorylated JNK under the same treatment conditions. Thus, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways play an essential role in the development of CKD. SK alleviated renal injury in rats induced by 5/6 nephrectomy and prevented the H2O2-induced apoptosis of HK-2 cells through the MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyou Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Τhe Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jisoo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Chungnam 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Τhe Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Τhe Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Quangdon Tran
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Chungnam 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisun Mun
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Chungnam 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Chungnam 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Chungnam 301-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Τhe Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Chungnam 301-747, Republic of Korea
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Reactive oxygen species and c-Jun N-terminal kinases contribute to TEMPO-induced apoptosis in L5178Y cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 235:27-36. [PMID: 25882087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The biological consequences of exposure to piperidine nitroxides is a concern, given their widespread use in manufacturing processes and their potential use in clinical applications. Our previous study reported that TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl), a low molecular weight free radical, possesses pro-oxidative activity in L5178Y cells. In this study, we investigated and characterized the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in TEMPO-induced toxicity in L5178Y cells. We found that TEMPO induced time- and concentration-dependent intracellular ROS production and glutathione depletion. TEMPO also induced apoptosis as demonstrated by increased caspase-3/7 activity, an increased proportion of annexin V stained cells, and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. N-acetylcysteine, a ROS scavenger, attenuated the ROS production and apoptosis induced by TEMPO. Moreover, Western blot analyses revealed that TEMPO activated γ-H2A.X, a hallmark of DNA damage, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), a key member in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Addition of SP600125, a JNK-specific inhibitor, blocked TEMPO-mediated JNK phosphorylation and also attenuated TEMPO-induced apoptosis. These findings indicate that both ROS production and JNK activation are involved in TEMPO-induced apoptosis, and may contribute to the toxicity of TEMPO in L5178Y cells.
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