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Church SJ, Pulianmackal AJ, Dixon JA, Loftus LV, Amend SR, Pienta K, Cackowski FC, Buttitta LA. Oncogenic signaling in the adult Drosophila prostate-like accessory gland leads to activation of a conserved pro-tumorigenic program, in the absence of proliferation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593549. [PMID: 38853988 PMCID: PMC11160766 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Drosophila models for tumorigenesis and metastasis have revealed conserved mechanisms of signaling that are also involved in mammalian cancer. Many of these models use the proliferating tissues of the larval stages of Drosophila development, when tissues are highly mitotically active, or stem cells are abundant. Fewer Drosophila tumorigenesis models use adult animals to initiate tumor formation when many tissues are largely terminally differentiated and postmitotic. The Drosophila accessory glands are prostate-like tissues and a model for some aspects of prostate tumorigenesis using this tissue has been explored. In this model, oncogenic signaling was induced during the proliferative stage of accessory gland development, raising the question of how oncogenic activity would impact the terminally differentiated and postmitotic adult tissue. Here, we show that oncogenic signaling in the adult Drosophila accessory gland leads to activation of a conserved pro-tumorigenic program, similar to that observed in mitotic larval tissues, but in the absence of proliferation. Oncogenic signaling in the adult postmitotic gland leads to tissue hyperplasia with nuclear anaplasia and aneuploidy through endoreduplication, which increases polyploidy and occasionally results in non-mitotic neoplastic-like extrusions. We compare gene expression changes in our Drosophila model with that of endocycling prostate cancer cells induced by chemotherapy, which potentially mediate tumor recurrence after treatment. Similar signaling pathways are activated in the Drosophila gland and endocycling cancer cells, suggesting the adult accessory glands provide a useful model for aspects of prostate cancer progression that do not involve cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Jaimian Church
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ajai J. Pulianmackal
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joseph A. Dixon
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Luke V. Loftus
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sarah R. Amend
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kenneth Pienta
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Frank C. Cackowski
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Wayne State University Department of Oncology, Detroit, MI
| | - Laura A. Buttitta
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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2
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Vialat M, Baabdaty E, Trousson A, Kocer A, Lobaccaro JMA, Baron S, Morel L, de Joussineau C. Cholesterol Dietary Intake and Tumor Cell Homeostasis Drive Early Epithelial Tumorigenesis: A Potential Modelization of Early Prostate Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2153. [PMID: 38893271 PMCID: PMC11172085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies point to cholesterol as a possible key factor for both prostate cancer incidence and progression. It could represent a targetable metabolite as the most aggressive tumors also appear to be sensitive to therapies designed to decrease hypercholesterolemia, such as statins. However, it remains unknown whether and how cholesterol, through its dietary uptake and its metabolism, could be important for early tumorigenesis. Oncogene clonal induction in the Drosophila melanogaster accessory gland allows us to reproduce tumorigenesis from initiation to early progression, where tumor cells undergo basal extrusion to form extra-epithelial tumors. Here we show that these tumors accumulate lipids, and especially esterified cholesterol, as in human late carcinogenesis. Interestingly, a high-cholesterol diet has a limited effect on accessory gland tumorigenesis. On the contrary, cell-specific downregulation of cholesterol uptake, intracellular transport, or metabolic response impairs the formation of such tumors. Furthermore, in this context, a high-cholesterol diet suppresses this impairment. Interestingly, expression data from primary prostate cancer tissues indicate an early signature of redirection from cholesterol de novo synthesis to uptake. Taken together, these results reveal that during early tumorigenesis, tumor cells strongly increase their uptake and use of dietary cholesterol to specifically promote the step of basal extrusion. Hence, these results suggest the mechanism by which a reduction in dietary cholesterol could lower the risk and slow down the progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Vialat
- GReD, CNRS UMR6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.V.); (E.B.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (J.-M.A.L.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elissa Baabdaty
- GReD, CNRS UMR6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.V.); (E.B.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (J.-M.A.L.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amalia Trousson
- GReD, CNRS UMR6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.V.); (E.B.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (J.-M.A.L.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- GReD, CNRS UMR6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.V.); (E.B.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (J.-M.A.L.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc A. Lobaccaro
- GReD, CNRS UMR6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.V.); (E.B.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (J.-M.A.L.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- GReD, CNRS UMR6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.V.); (E.B.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (J.-M.A.L.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- GReD, CNRS UMR6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.V.); (E.B.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (J.-M.A.L.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cyrille de Joussineau
- GReD, CNRS UMR6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.V.); (E.B.); (A.T.); (A.K.); (J.-M.A.L.); (S.B.); (L.M.)
- Groupe Cancer Clermont Auvergne, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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3
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Gharbaran R. Insights into the molecular roles of FOXR2 in the pathology of primary pediatric brain tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 192:104188. [PMID: 37879492 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box gene R2 (FOXR2) belongs to the family of FOX genes which codes for highly conserved transcription factors (TFs) with critical roles in biological processes ranging from development to organogenesis to metabolic and immune regulation to cellular homeostasis. A number of FOX genes are associated with cancer development and progression and poor prognosis. A growing body of evidence suggests that FOXR2 is an oncogene. Studies suggested important roles for FOXR2 in cancer cell growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Recent studies showed that FOXR2 is overexpressed by a subset of newly identified entities of embryonal tumors. This review discusses the role(s) FOXR2 plays in the pathology of pediatric brain cancers and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Gharbaran
- Biological Sciences Department, Bronx Community College/City University of New York, 2155 University Avenue, Bronx, NY 10453, USA.
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Molano-Fernández M, Hickson ID, Herranz H. Cyclin E overexpression in the Drosophila accessory gland induces tissue dysplasia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:992253. [PMID: 36704199 PMCID: PMC9871066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.992253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the cell division cycle is governed by a complex network of factors that together ensure that growing or proliferating cells maintain a stable genome. Defects in this system can lead to genomic instability that can affect tissue homeostasis and thus compromise human health. Variations in ploidy and cell heterogeneity are observed frequently in human cancers. Here, we examine the consequences of upregulating the cell cycle regulator Cyclin E in the Drosophila melanogaster male accessory gland. The accessory gland is the functional analog of the human prostate. This organ is composed of a postmitotic epithelium that is emerging as a powerful in vivo system for modelling different aspects of tumor initiation and progression. We show that Cyclin E upregulation in this model is sufficient to drive tissue dysplasia. Cyclin E overexpression drives endoreplication and affects DNA integrity, which results in heterogeneous nuclear and cellular composition and variable degrees of DNA damage. We present evidence showing that, despite the presence of genotoxic stress, those cells are resistant to apoptosis and thus defective cells are not eliminated from the tissue. We also show that Cyclin E-expressing cells in the accessory gland display mitochondrial DNA aggregates that colocalize with Cyclin E protein. Together, the findings presented here show that Cyclin E upregulation in postmitotic cells of the accessory gland organ causes cellular defects such as genomic instability and mitochondrial defects, eventually leading to tissue dysplasia. This study highlights novel mechanisms by which Cyclin E might contribute to disease initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Molano-Fernández
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian D. Hickson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Héctor Herranz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,*Correspondence: Héctor Herranz,
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MRGBP promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via DKK1/Wnt/β-catenin and NF-kB/p65 pathways mediated EMT. Exp Cell Res 2022; 421:113375. [PMID: 36208716 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MRG domain binding protein (MRGBP) has been proposed to participate in the development of multiple tumors. However, the role of MRGBP in colorectal cancer (CRC) still remains largely unknown. Here, we found that MRGBP expression is significantly elevated in CRC, and that higher MRGBP expression correlates with poorer survival in CRC patients. Experiments in vivo and in vitro indicated that MRGBP promotes CRC cells proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and xenograft tumor growth. Mechanically, for one thing, we discovered that MRGBP suppresses DKK1 expression, thus further activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CRC cells. For another, MRGBP also enhances acetylation of NF-kB/p65 pathway. Treatment with Wnt/β-catenin and NF-kB pathways inhibitors further confirmed the mediation of these two pathways in MRGBP-promoted CRC cell processes. In conclusion, these findings together suggest that MRGBP promotes CRC progression via DKK1/Wnt/β-catenin and NF-kB/p65 pathways mediated EMT, identifying MRGBP as a promising prognostic and therapeutic target for CRC.
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MRGBP: A New Factor for Diagnosis and Prediction of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7281120. [PMID: 35924262 PMCID: PMC9343194 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7281120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MRG-binding protein (MRGBP) is a transcription factor widely involved in physiological and pathological processes. Many studies have discussed the relationship between the expression level of MRGBP and the prognosis of various malignant tumours. However, the role and clinicopathological significance of MRGBP in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) are unclear. In this study, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between clinical characteristics and MRGBP expression in HNSC. The Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis and Cox regression analysis were established to evaluate the effect of MRGBP on prognosis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and nomogram was constructed. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were used to analyze the correlation between MRGBP and immune infiltration. The results showed that the expression of MRGBP in HNSC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. The KM plotter analysis showed that the OS of HNSC patients was shorter. The multivariate Cox analysis further confirmed that increased expression of MRGBP was an independent risk factor for OS in HNSC patients. In addition, ROC analysis confirmed its diagnostic value and constructed prognostic nomograms, including age, T, M, N classification, pathological stage, and MRGBP. GSEA showed that MRGBP was associated with high expression of GPCR ligand binding, interleukin receptor binding, and neutrophil degranulation, and ssGSEA showed that MRGBP was associated with T cells and mast cells. In conclusion, MRGBP can serve as an independent prognostic biomarker related to immune invasion of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
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Chai D, Zhang L, Guan Y, Yuan J, Li M, Wang W. Prognostic Value and Immunological Role of MORF4-Related Gene-Binding Protein in Human Cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703415. [PMID: 34660575 PMCID: PMC8511499 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MORF4-related gene-binding protein (MRGBP) is the subunit of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A. Much of the research indicated an oncogenic role of MRGBP in the development of cancers. However, it is still unknown the role MRGBP plays in human cancers, which deserves further exploration. In this research, the expression profile, prognostic value of MRGBP, and the relationship between MRGBP and immune infiltration were explored in 33 types of cancer. The differences in MRGBP expression in tumor and normal tissues were explored using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus and ONCOMINE. Analysis of the association between MRGBP and prognosis using Kaplan-Meier survival curve and COX analysis. The data of Tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI) from TCGA. The relationship Between MRGBP expression and immunity was analyzed using the ESTIMATE algorithm and CIBERSORT. Furthermore, we explored MRGBP expression and the relationship between MRGBP expression and macrophage infiltration using immunohistochemical analysis in lower grade glioma (LGG). Our results revealed that MRGBP was highly expressed in most cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Tumors with increased MRGBP expression had a high clinicopathologic stage and poor prognosis. The expression of MRGBP was closely related to the TMB, MSI. We also found a significant negative correlation between MRGBP expression and stromal scores and immune scores in various types of cancer. Furthermore, MRGBP expression was associated with a variety of immune cells including B cells, NK cells, T cells, and macrophages. LGG and LIHC was selected as representative cancer types for further study, the results of immunohistochemistry indicated that the protein levels of MRGBP were significantly elevated in tumor tissues. Moreover, our LIHC data analysis showed that patients with high MRGBP expression were associated with short survival rates and MRGBP was a risk factor to determine OS. Immunohistochemistry also confirmed that M0 macrophage infiltration in the MRGBP-high group significantly increased. In conclusion, these results reveal that MRGBP can serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and it plays an important role in tumor immune infiltration in various tumors, especially in LGG and LIHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Chai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lilong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjun Guan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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8
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Drosophila Accessory Gland: A Complementary In Vivo Model to Bring New Insight to Prostate Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092387. [PMID: 34572036 PMCID: PMC8468328 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in aging men. Despite recent progress, there are still few effective treatments to cure its aggressive and metastatic stages. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving disease initiation and progression appears essential to support the development of more efficient therapies and improve patient care. To do so, multiple research models, such as cell culture and mouse models, have been developed over the years and have improved our comprehension of the biology of the disease. Recently, a new model has been added with the use of the Drosophila accessory gland. With a high level of conservation of major signaling pathways implicated in human disease, this functional equivalent of the prostate represents a powerful, inexpensive, and rapid in vivo model to study epithelial carcinogenesis. The purpose of this review is to quickly overview the existing prostate cancer models, including their strengths and limitations. In particular, we discuss how the Drosophila accessory gland can be integrated as a convenient complementary model by bringing new understanding in the mechanisms driving prostate epithelial tumorigenesis, from initiation to metastatic formation.
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9
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Huang J, Chen X, Zhu W. MRGBP is a potential novel prognostic biomarker and is correlated with immune infiltrates in hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25234. [PMID: 33761715 PMCID: PMC9281980 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the expression change, prognostic values, and potential regulatory mechanisms of mortality factor on chromosome 4 (MORF4)-related gene-binding protein (MRGBP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MRGBP expression and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to evaluate the associations between MRGBP expression and clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the factors contributing to prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify pathways associated with MRGBP expression. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to comprehensively analyze the relative immune infiltration levels.High MRGBP expression was significantly associated with a higher T stage, pathologic stage, histologic grade, vascular invasion, tumor protein p53 status, and worse overall survival. MRGBP exhibited high diagnostic accuracy with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.980. GSEA revealed the enrichment of pathways related to tumorigenesis in the MRGBP high-expression phenotype, such as cell cycle and DNA replication pathways. ssGSEA revealed that MRGBP expression was significantly correlated with 15 types of immune cell infiltration levels. The Wilcoxon rank sum test revealed significantly high T helper (Th), T follicular helper, CD56 bright natural killer, and Th2 cell enrichment scores in the high MRGBP expression group and significantly low neutrophil, Th17, dendritic cell (DC), gamma delta T, cytotoxic cell, regulatory T cell, plasmacytoid DC, and immature DC enrichment scores.MRGBP may be a novel prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target correlated with immune infiltrates in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, PR China
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10
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Inhibition of kinase IKKβ suppresses cellular abnormalities induced by the human papillomavirus oncoprotein HPV 18E6. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1111. [PMID: 33441820 PMCID: PMC7807017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer and has been implicated in several other cancer types including vaginal, vulvar, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers. Despite the recent availability of a vaccine, there are still over 310,000 deaths each year worldwide. Current treatments for HPV-mediated cancers show limited efficacy, and would benefit from improved understanding of disease mechanisms. Recently, we developed a Drosophila ‘HPV 18 E6’ model that displayed loss of cellular morphology and polarity, junctional disorganization, and degradation of the major E6 target Magi; we further provided evidence that mechanisms underlying HPV E6-induced cellular abnormalities are conserved between humans and flies. Here, we report a functional genetic screen of the Drosophila kinome that identified IKK\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}β reduces Magi degradation and that this effect correlates with hyperphosphorylation of E6. Further, the reduction in IKK\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}β suppressed the cellular transformation caused by the cooperative action of HPVE6 and the oncogenic Ras. Finally, we demonstrate that the interaction between IKK\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}β and E6 is conserved in human cells: inhibition of IKK\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}β blocked the growth of cervical cancer cells, suggesting that IKK\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta$$\end{document}β may serve as a novel therapeutic target for HPV-mediated cancers.
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Buñay J, Fouache A, Trousson A, de Joussineau C, Bouchareb E, Zhu Z, Kocer A, Morel L, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA. Screening for liver X receptor modulators: Where are we and for what use? Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:3277-3293. [PMID: 33080050 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that are canonically activated by oxidized derivatives of cholesterol. Since the mid-90s, numerous groups have identified LXRs as endocrine receptors that are involved in the regulation of various physiological functions. As a result, when their expression is genetically modified in mice, phenotypic analyses reveal endocrine disorders ranging from infertility to diabetes and obesity, nervous system pathologies such Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, immunological disturbances, inflammatory response, and enhancement of tumour development. Based on such findings, it appears that LXRs could constitute good pharmacological targets to prevent and/or to treat these diseases. This review discusses the various aspects of LXR drug discovery, from the tools available for the screening of potential LXR modulators to the current situational analysis of the drugs in development. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Buñay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Allan Fouache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cyrille de Joussineau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Erwan Bouchareb
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Zhekun Zhu
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvere Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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12
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Chen Y, Wu F, Zhang L, Du L, Yan X. Predictive value of MEP1A in cancer prognosis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23120. [PMID: 33157989 PMCID: PMC7647559 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meprin is a member of the astaxanthin family; it performs many functions through a wide range of proteolytic enzyme activities during health and disease, including tumors and inflammatory conditions. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the predictive value of MEP1A in tumor prognosis. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane library, and Web of Science Database using a developed search strategy. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) or the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias will be used to access the methodological quality of included studies, and GRADE will be applied to evaluate evidence quality of outcomes. All analyses were performed by Stata 15.0. RESULTS The results will systematically summarize and display the currently collected evidence on the predictive value of MEP1A in different tumor prognosis. CONCLUSION This study may play a certain role in predicting the prognosis of cancer patients in the future, and may prompt clinicians to make necessary treatment or prevention plans as soon as possible. ETHICS AND COMMUNICATION It is not necessary because the present systematic review is based on published studies. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY2020100005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Fangfang Wu
- Evidence-Based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University
| | - Li Zhang
- The Third Ward of Cardiovascular Clinical Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Li Du
- The Third People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University
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13
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Rambur A, Lours-Calet C, Beaudoin C, Buñay J, Vialat M, Mirouse V, Trousson A, Renaud Y, Lobaccaro JMA, Baron S, Morel L, de Joussineau C. Sequential Ras/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways recruitment drives basal extrusion in the prostate-like gland of Drosophila. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2300. [PMID: 32385236 PMCID: PMC7210301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important but less understood step of epithelial tumourigenesis occurs when cells acquire the ability to leave their epithelial compartment. This phenomenon, described as basal epithelial cell extrusion (basal extrusion), represents the first step of tumour invasion. However, due to lack of adequate in vivo model, implication of emblematic signalling pathways such as Ras/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathways, is scarcely described in this phenomenon. We have developed a unique model of basal extrusion in the Drosophila accessory gland. There, we demonstrate that both Ras/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways are necessary for basal extrusion. Furthermore, as in prostate cancer, we show that these pathways are co-activated. This occurs through set up of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Insulin Receptor (InR) dependent autocrine loops, a phenomenon that, considering human data, could be relevant for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Rambur
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28 place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, 63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Lours-Calet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28 place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, 63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude Beaudoin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28 place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, 63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julio Buñay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28 place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, 63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marine Vialat
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28 place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, 63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Mirouse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28 place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28 place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, 63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yoan Renaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28 place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28 place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, 63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28 place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, 63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28 place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, 63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cyrille de Joussineau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28 place Henri Dunant, BP38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, 63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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14
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Hao L, Li H, Zhang S, Yang Y, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Integrative Exome Sequencing Analysis in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in Chinese Population. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:140-148. [PMID: 31580249 DOI: 10.2174/1389201019666191003142119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) is a fatal disease with rapid growth. The malignancy usually presents with metastasis and poor prognosis, and causes 100% mortality. Therefore, the treatment of CRPC is extremely challenging, and its pathogenesis need to be elucidated urgently. OBJECTIVE The high throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the whole exome associated with CRPC, to explore the molecular mechanism of CRPC, and to find the potential therapeutic targets. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing of FFPE tissue from 11 Chinese adult male patients. Genomic DNA was fragmented and enriched for whole-exome sequencing using the QiAamp DNA FFPE Tissue KIT, sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq2000 platform, and the relevant genes were analyzed using biological information. Finally, immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the phosphorylation level of LATS1 in CRPC tissues of MST1 mutant and non-mutant patients. RESULTS We have screened 85 significant mutant genes with relatively high mutation rates of TP53, AR, KMT2, DMAPK1, PIK3R1, SH2B3, WHSC1, KMT2D, MST1 and MAPK1. We first found that MST1 has multiple mutations in CRPC patients, and the MST1 plays an important role in the Hippo pathway. Immunohistochemistry results showed that the phosphorylation level of LATS1 in the mutant patients was significantly lower than that in the non-mutant patients. CONCLUSION We speculate that MST1 would be a new potential target for the treatment of CRPC by regulating Hippo signaling pathway. The results provided an important clue to the molecular mechanism of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Hao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Su Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanlei Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanfen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
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15
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Dai J, Li Z, Amos CI, Hung RJ, Tardon A, Andrew AS, Chen C, Christiani DC, Albanes D, van der Heijden EHFM, Duell EJ, Rennert G, Mckay JD, Yuan JM, Field JK, Manjer J, Grankvist K, Le Marchand L, Teare MD, Schabath MB, Aldrich MC, Tsao MS, Lazarus P, Lam S, Bojesen SE, Arnold S, Wu X, Haugen A, Janout V, Johansson M, Brhane Y, Fernandez-Somoano A, Kiemeney LA, Davies MPA, Zienolddiny S, Hu Z, Shen H. Systematic analyses of regulatory variants in DNase I hypersensitive sites identified two novel lung cancer susceptibility loci. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:432-440. [PMID: 30590402 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHS) are abundant in regulatory elements, such as promoter, enhancer and transcription factor binding sites. Many studies have revealed that disease-associated variants were concentrated in DHS-related regions. However, limited studies are available on the roles of DHS-related variants in lung cancer. In this study, we performed a large-scale case-control study with 20 871 lung cancer cases and 15 971 controls to evaluate the associations between regulatory genetic variants in DHS and lung cancer susceptibility. The expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and pathway-enrichment analysis were performed to identify the possible target genes and pathways. In addition, we performed motif-based analysis to explore the lung-cancer-related motifs using sequence kernel association test. Two novel variants, rs186332 in 20q13.3 (C>T, odds ratio [OR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.10-1.24, P = 8.45 × 10-7) and rs4839323 in 1p13.2 (T>C, OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89-0.95, P = 1.02 × 10-6) showed significant association with lung cancer risk. The eQTL analysis suggested that these two SNPs might regulate the expression of MRGBP and SLC16A1, respectively. What's more, the expression of both MRGBP and SLC16A1 was aberrantly elevated in lung tumor tissues. The motif-based analysis identified 10 motifs related to the risk of lung cancer (P < 1.71 × 10-4). Our findings suggested that variants in DHS might modify lung cancer susceptibility through regulating the expression of surrounding genes. This study provided us a deeper insight into the roles of DHS-related genetic variants for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, International Joint Research Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, International Joint Research Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Faculty of Medicine, IUOPA, University of Oviedo and CIBERESP, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Demetrios Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - James D Mckay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John K Field
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, The William Duncan Building, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Unit for Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kjell Grankvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - M Dawn Teare
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Stephen Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Arnold
- Division of Medical Oncology Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aage Haugen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Oslo, Norway
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Yonathan Brhane
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael P A Davies
- Roy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, The William Duncan Building, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shanbeh Zienolddiny
- Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Oslo, Norway
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, International Joint Research Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, International Joint Research Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Mirzoyan Z, Sollazzo M, Allocca M, Valenza AM, Grifoni D, Bellosta P. Drosophila melanogaster: A Model Organism to Study Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 30881374 PMCID: PMC6405444 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multistep disease driven by the activation of specific oncogenic pathways concomitantly with the loss of function of tumor suppressor genes that act as sentinels to control physiological growth. The conservation of most of these signaling pathways in Drosophila, and the ability to easily manipulate them genetically, has made the fruit fly a useful model organism to study cancer biology. In this review we outline the basic mechanisms and signaling pathways conserved between humans and flies responsible of inducing uncontrolled growth and cancer development. Second, we describe classic and novel Drosophila models used to study different cancers, with the objective to discuss their strengths and limitations on their use to identify signals driving growth cell autonomously and within organs, drug discovery and for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhasmine Mirzoyan
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Manuela Sollazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Allocca
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Grifoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Bellosta
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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17
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Control of Drosophila Growth and Survival by the Lipid Droplet-Associated Protein CG9186/Sturkopf. Cell Rep 2019; 26:3726-3740.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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18
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Ito S, Kayukawa N, Ueda T, Taniguchi H, Morioka Y, Hongo F, Ukimura O. MRGBP promotes AR-mediated transactivation of KLK3 and TMPRSS2 via acetylation of histone H2A.Z in prostate cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:S1874-9399(18)30068-3. [PMID: 30076933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) promotes growth of prostate cancer cells by controlling the expression of target genes. This study showed that MRG domain binding protein (MRGBP) accelerated AR-mediated transactivation. We first showed that MRGBP promoted growth of AR-positive prostate cancer cells. MRGBP increased the expression of certain AR target genes, including KLK3 and TMPRSS2, and it associated with AR binding regions of these genes during androgen treatment. Furthermore, MRGBP interacted with MRG15 and TIP60 in prostate cancer cells. Androgen-stimulated AR enhanced histone H3K4me1 or H3K4me3 levels at AR binding regions. MRGBP was recruited to active gene regions through its binding with H3K4me1/3 by MRG15. Then, MRGBP promoted recruitment of TIP60 and acetylation of histone variant H2A.Z at the location of AR binding. Accordingly, AR occupancy of the AR binding regions was increased by MRGBP. Together, these results suggest that MRGBP promotes activation of AR-associated enhancer and promoter regions through an epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saya Ito
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kajii-cho, 465, Kyoto City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Naruhiro Kayukawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kajii-cho, 465, Kyoto City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kajii-cho, 465, Kyoto City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Taniguchi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kajii-cho, 465, Kyoto City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yukako Morioka
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kajii-cho, 465, Kyoto City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Fumiya Hongo
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kajii-cho, 465, Kyoto City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osamu Ukimura
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kajii-cho, 465, Kyoto City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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19
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Ding F, Zhang S, Gao S, Shang J, Li Y, Cui N, Zhao Q. MiR-137 functions as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer by targeting MRGBP. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4799-4807. [PMID: 29331027 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that act as critical epigenetic regulators in tumor carcinogenesis. In this study, our data showed that miR-137 was significantly downregulated in 58 pairs of human pancreatic cancer (PanCa) tissues and PanCa cell lines. Furthermore, the deregulated miR-137 was correlated with increased tumor size, higher TNM stage, and worse prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Functional studies demonstrated that overexpression of miR-137 dramatically suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. Meanwhile, upregulated miR-137 remarkably inhibited migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Further studies indicated that MRGBP was identified as the direct downstream target gene of miR-137. In addition, MRGBP expression is significantly downregulated in miR-137-transfected cells. Our previous study revealed that silencing of MRGBP suppressed the growth of PanCa cells in vitro and in vivo and also promoted apoptosis, and inhibited migration and invasion of PanCa cells, which are consistent with the effects of miR-137 overexpression. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-137 may function as a novel tumor promoter through directly targeting MRGBP in PanCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- The Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoyang Gao
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Shang
- Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- The Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- The Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
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20
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Ito S, Ueno A, Ueda T, Nakagawa H, Taniguchi H, Kayukawa N, Fujihara-Iwata A, Hongo F, Okihara K, Ukimura O. CNPY2 inhibits MYLIP-mediated AR protein degradation in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17645-17655. [PMID: 29707137 PMCID: PMC5915145 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that promotes prostate cancer (PC) cell growth through control of target gene expression. This report suggests that Canopy FGF signaling regulator 2 (CNPY2) controls AR protein levels in PC cells. We found that AR was ubiquitinated by an E3 ubiquitin ligase, myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein (MYLIP) and then degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. CNPY2 decreased the ubiquitination activity of MYLIP by inhibition of interaction between MYLIP and UBE2D1, an E2 ubiquitin ligase. CNPY2 up-regulated gene expression of AR target genes such as KLK3 gene which encodes the prostate specific antigen (PSA) and promoted cell growth of PC cells. The cell growth inhibition by CNPY2 knockdown was rescued by AR overexpression. Furthermore, positive correlation of expression levels between CNPY2 and AR/AR target genes was observed in tissue samples from human prostate cancer patients. Together, these results suggested that CNPY2 promoted cell growth of PC cells by inhibition of AR protein degradation through MYLIP-mediated AR ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saya Ito
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto-City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akihisa Ueno
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto-City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto-City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Urology, Uji Takeda Hospital, Uji-City, Kyoto 611-0021, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto-City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Taniguchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto-City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naruhiro Kayukawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto-City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsuko Fujihara-Iwata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto-City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Fumiya Hongo
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto-City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Koji Okihara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto-City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osamu Ukimura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto-City, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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21
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Breig O, Yates M, Neaud V, Couchy G, Grigoletto A, Lucchesi C, Prox J, Zucman-Rossi J, Becker-Pauly C, Rosenbaum J. Metalloproteinase meprin α regulates migration and invasion of human hepatocarcinoma cells and is a mediator of the oncoprotein Reptin. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7839-7851. [PMID: 27999200 PMCID: PMC5352365 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with a high rate of intra-hepatic invasion that carries a poor prognosis. Meprin alpha (Mep1A) is a secreted metalloproteinase with many substrates relevant to cancer invasion. We found that Mep1A was a target of Reptin, a protein that is oncogenic in HCC. We studied Mep1A regulation by Reptin, its role in HCC, and whether it mediates Reptin oncogenic effects. MepA and Reptin expression was measured in human HCC by qRT-PCR and in cultured cells by PCR, western blot and enzymatic activity measurements. Cell growth was assessed by counting and MTS assay. Cell migration was measured in Boyden chambers and wound healing assays, and cell invasion in Boyden chambers. Silencing Reptin decreased Mep1A expression and activity, without affecting meprin β. Mep1A, but not meprin β, was overexpressed in a series of 242 human HCC (2.04 fold, p < 0.0001), and a high expression correlated with a poor prognosis. Mep1A and Reptin expressions were positively correlated (r = 0.39, p < 0.0001). Silencing Mep1A had little effect on cell proliferation, but decreased cell migration and invasion of HuH7 and Hep3B cells. Conversely, overexpression of Mep1A or addition of recombinant Mep1A increased migration and invasion. Finally, overexpression of Mep1A restored a normal cell migration in cells where Reptin was depleted. Mep1A is overexpressed in most HCC and induces HCC cell migration and invasion. Mep1A expression is regulated by Reptin, and Mep1A mediates Reptin-induced migration. Overall, we suggest that Mep1A may be a useful target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Breig
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, U1053, BordeAux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maïlyn Yates
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, U1053, BordeAux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique Neaud
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, U1053, BordeAux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gabrielle Couchy
- Inserm, U1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Aude Grigoletto
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, U1053, BordeAux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Johannes Prox
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm, U1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean Rosenbaum
- University Bordeaux, INSERM, U1053, BordeAux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France
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22
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Manning L, Sheth J, Bridges S, Saadin A, Odinammadu K, Andrew D, Spencer S, Montell D, Starz-Gaiano M. A hormonal cue promotes timely follicle cell migration by modulating transcription profiles. Mech Dev 2017; 148:56-68. [PMID: 28610887 PMCID: PMC5758037 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential during animal development. In the Drosophila ovary, the steroid hormone ecdysone coordinates nutrient sensing, growth, and the timing of morphogenesis events including border cell migration. To identify downstream effectors of ecdysone signaling, we profiled gene expression in wild-type follicle cells compared to cells expressing a dominant negative Ecdysone receptor or its coactivator Taiman. Of approximately 400 genes that showed differences in expression, we validated 16 candidate genes for expression in border and centripetal cells, and demonstrated that seven responded to ectopic ecdysone activation by changing their transcriptional levels. We found a requirement for seven putative targets in effective cell migration, including two other nuclear hormone receptors, a calcyphosine-encoding gene, and a prolyl hydroxylase. Thus, we identified multiple new genetic regulators modulated at the level of transcription that allow cells to interpret information from the environment and coordinate cell migration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lathiena Manning
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States; UNC Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jinal Sheth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stacey Bridges
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Afsoon Saadin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kamsi Odinammadu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Deborah Andrew
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Denise Montell
- University of Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.
| | - Michelle Starz-Gaiano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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23
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Neben CL, Lo M, Jura N, Klein OD. Feedback regulation of RTK signaling in development. Dev Biol 2017; 447:71-89. [PMID: 29079424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Precise regulation of the amplitude and duration of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is critical for the execution of cellular programs and behaviors. Understanding these control mechanisms has important implications for the field of developmental biology, and in recent years, the question of how augmentation or attenuation of RTK signaling via feedback loops modulates development has become of increasing interest. RTK feedback regulation is also important for human disease research; for example, germline mutations in genes that encode RTK signaling pathway components cause numerous human congenital syndromes, and somatic alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancers. In this review, we survey regulators of RTK signaling that tune receptor activity and intracellular transduction cascades, with a focus on the roles of these genes in the developing embryo. We detail the diverse inhibitory mechanisms utilized by negative feedback regulators that, when lost or perturbed, lead to aberrant increases in RTK signaling. We also discuss recent biochemical and genetic insights into positive regulators of RTK signaling and how these proteins function in tandem with negative regulators to guide embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Neben
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Megan Lo
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA.
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24
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Ding F, Zhang S, Gao S, Shang J, Li Y, Cui N, Zhao Q. MRGBP as a potential biomarker for the malignancy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64224-64236. [PMID: 28969065 PMCID: PMC5609997 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MORF4-related gene-binding protein (MRGBP), which is also known as chromosome 20 open reading frame 20 (C20orf20), is commonly highly expressed in several types of malignant tumors and tumor progression. However, the expression pattern and underlying mechanism of MRGBP in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unknown. In the study, we found that MRGBP was frequently upregulated in PDAC tissues and cell lines. In addition, the upregulation of MRGBP was positively associated with TNM stage, T classification, and poor prognosis. Knockdown of MRGBP in the PDAC cell lines ASPC-1 and Mia PaCa-2 by transiently transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) drastically attenuated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of those cells, whereas ectopic MRGBP overexpression in BxPC-3 cells produced exactly the opposite effect. Furthermore, we also found that overexpression of MRGBP remarkably led to cell morphological changes and induced an increased expression of mesenchymal marker Vimentin, whereas a decreased expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin. Taken together, this study indicates that MRGBP acts as a tumor oncogene in PDAC and is a promising target of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,The Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shaoyang Gao
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jian Shang
- Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,The Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ning Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,The Hubei Clinical Center & Key Laboratory of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
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25
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Beyond mouse cancer models: Three-dimensional human-relevant in vitro and non-mammalian in vivo models for photodynamic therapy. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:242-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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26
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CNPY2 promoted the proliferation of renal cell carcinoma cells and increased the expression of TP53. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:267-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Germline Proliferation Is Regulated by Somatic Endocytic Genes via JNK and BMP Signaling in Drosophila. Genetics 2017; 206:189-197. [PMID: 28315838 PMCID: PMC5419469 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.196535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signals derived from the microenvironment contribute greatly to tumorigenesis . The underlying mechanism requires thorough investigation. Here, we use Drosophila testis as a model system to address this question, taking the advantage of the ease to distinguish germline and somatic cells and to track the cell numbers. In an EMS mutagenesis screen, we identified Rab5, a key factor in endocytosis, for its nonautonomous role in germline proliferation. The disruption of Rab5 in somatic cyst cells, which escort the development of germline lineage, induced the overproliferation of underdifferentiated but genetically wild-type germ cells. We demonstrated that this nonautonomous effect was mediated by the transcriptional activation of Dpp [the fly homolog of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)] by examining the Dpp-reporter expression and knocking down Dpp to block germline overgrowth. Consistently, the protein levels of Bam, the germline prodifferentiation factor normally accumulated in the absence of BMP/Dpp signaling, decreased in the overproliferating germ cells. Further, we discovered that the JNK signaling pathway operated between Rab5 and Dpp, because simultaneously inhibiting the JNK pathway and Rab5 in cyst cells prevented both dpp transcription and germline tumor growth. Additionally, we found that multiple endocytic genes, such as avl, TSG101, Vps25, or Cdc42, were required in the somatic cyst cells to restrict germline amplification. These findings indicate that when the endocytic state of the surrounding cells is impaired, genetically wild-type germ cells overgrow. This nonautonomous model of tumorigenesis provides a simple system to dissect the relation between tumor and its niche.
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28
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Wilson C, Leiblich A, Goberdhan DCI, Hamdy F. The Drosophila Accessory Gland as a Model for Prostate Cancer and Other Pathologies. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 121:339-375. [PMID: 28057306 PMCID: PMC5224695 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human prostate is a gland of the male reproductive tract, which together with the seminal vesicles, is responsible for most seminal fluid production. It is a common site of cancer, and unlike other glands, it typically enlarges in aging men. In flies, the male accessory glands make many major seminal fluid components. Like their human equivalents, they secrete proteins from several conserved families, including proteases, lectins, and cysteine-rich secretory proteins, some of which interact with sperm and affect fertility. A key protein, sex peptide, is not conserved in vertebrates but plays a central role in mediating long-term effects on females after mating. Although postmitotic, one epithelial cell type in the accessory glands, the secondary cell, continues to grow in adults. It secretes microvesicles called exosomes from the endosomal multivesicular body, which, after mating, fuse with sperm. They also appear to affect female postmating behavior. Remarkably, the human prostate epithelium also secretes exosomes, which fuse to sperm in vitro to modulate their activity. Exosomes from prostate and other cancer cells are increasingly proposed to play fundamental roles in modulating the tumor microenvironment and in metastasis. Here we review a diverse accessory gland literature, which highlights functional analogies between the male reproductive glands of flies and humans, and a critical role for extracellular vesicles in allowing seminal fluid to promote male interests within the female. We postulate that secondary cells and prostate epithelial cells use common mechanisms to control growth, secretion, and signaling, which are relevant to prostate and other cancers, and can be genetically dissected in the uniquely tractable fly model.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wilson
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - A Leiblich
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - F Hamdy
- University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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29
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Wang X, Chen J, Wang J, Yu F, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Tang H, Peng Z. Metalloproteases meprin-ɑ (MEP1A) is a prognostic biomarker and promotes proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:383. [PMID: 27378469 PMCID: PMC4932728 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meprin displays multiple functions in both health and disease, due in part to its broad proteolytic activity. In this report, we explored the clinical significance and functional relevance of the expression of meprin-ɑ (MEP1A) in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS The mRNA and protein expression levels of MEP1A in tumor specimens obtained from CRC patients was determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot assay and comparatively paired with adjacent mucosa that presented as normal tissue. ShRNA was used to knock-down MEP1A expression in CRC cell-lines and the effects of dampened expression of MEP1A on the proliferation and invasion were determined by colony formation assays, Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and matrigel invasion assays. Moreover, nude mouse xenograft models were designed to investigate the same effect in vivo. In order to determine whether MEP1A expression correlated with CRC clinicopathologic factors and survival, immunohistochemical staining of a tissue microarray containing 88 paired CRC specimens was performed. RESULTS In CRC, enhanced expression of MEP1A was seen. Additionally, both in vitro and in vivo, CRC cellular proliferation and invasiveness was inhibited by dampened MEP1A expression. Several parameters were associated with enhanced MEP1A expression including tumor size (P = 0.023), staging of CRC by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) (P = 0.024), and T (P = 0.032) and N stages (P = 0.001). Moreover, the expression of MEP1A is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in CRC (HR 3.643; 95 % CI 0.305-5.842; P = 0.007). CONCLUSION MEP1A was not only found to be functionally important, but it might also serve as an important and unique indicator of patient prognosis and therapeutic targeting in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Fudong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Senlin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of Pathology, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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30
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Yadav AK, Srikrishna S, Gupta SC. Cancer Drug Development Using Drosophila as an in vivo Tool: From Bedside to Bench and Back. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:789-806. [PMID: 27298020 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been used for modeling cancer and as an in vivo tool for the validation and/or development of cancer therapeutics. The impetus for the use of Drosophila in cancer research stems from the high conservation of its signaling pathways, lower genetic redundancy, short life cycle, genetic amenability, and ease of maintenance. Several cell signaling pathways in Drosophila have been used for cancer drug development. The efficacy of combination therapy and uptake/bioavailability of drugs have also been studied. Drosophila has been validated using several FDA-approved drugs, suggesting a potential application of this model in drug repurposing. The model is emerging as a powerful tool for high-throughput screening and should significantly reduce the cost and time associated with drug development. In this review we discuss the applications of Drosophila in cancer drug development. The advantages and limitations of the model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarish Kumar Yadav
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Saripella Srikrishna
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
| | - Subash Chandra Gupta
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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31
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Ueda T, Ito S, Shiraishi T, Taniguchi H, Kayukawa N, Nakanishi H, Nakamura T, Naya Y, Hongo F, Kamoi K, Okihara K, Kawauchi A, Miki T. PAX2 promoted prostate cancer cell invasion through transcriptional regulation of HGF in an in vitro model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2467-73. [PMID: 26296757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanism of prostate cancer cell invasion may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for its treatment. Paired box 2 (PAX2) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) proteins are promoters of prostate cancer cell invasion. We found that PAX2 protein activated the HGF gene promoter through histone H3 acetylation and upregulated HGF gene expression. Deletion analysis revealed that the region from -637 to -314 of the HGF gene was indispensable for HGF promoter activation by PAX2. This region contains consensus PAX2 binding sequences and mutations of the sequences attenuated HGF promoter activation. Using an in vitro invasion model, we found that PAX2 and HGF promoted prostate cancer cell invasion in the same pathway. Knockdown of HGF expression attenuated the cells' invasive capacity. Moreover, in tissue samples of human prostate cancers, HGF and PAX2 expression levels were positively correlated. These results suggested that upregulation of HGF gene expression by PAX2 enhanced the invasive properties of prostate cancer cells. The PAX2/HGF pathway in prostate cancer cells may be a novel therapeutic target in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ueda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Saya Ito
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takumi Shiraishi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Taniguchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naruhiro Kayukawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Terukazu Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshio Naya
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Fumiya Hongo
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kamoi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Koji Okihara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawauchi
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-Cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Tsuneharu Miki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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