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Peng Z, Ding YN, Yang ZM, Li XJ, Zhuang Z, Lu Y, Tang QS, Hang CH, Li W. Neuron-targeted liposomal coenzyme Q10 attenuates neuronal ferroptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage by activating the ferroptosis suppressor protein 1/coenzyme Q10 system. Acta Biomater 2024; 179:325-339. [PMID: 38561074 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is primarily attributed to the rupture of intracranial aneurysms and is associated with a high incidence of disability and mortality. SAH disrupts the blood‒brain barrier, leading to the release of iron ions from blood within the subarachnoid space, subsequently inducing neuronal ferroptosis. A recently discovered protein, known as ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), exerts anti-ferroptotic effects by facilitating the conversion of oxidative coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) to its reduced form, which effectively scavenges reactive oxygen radicals and mitigates iron-induced ferroptosis. In our investigation, we observed an increase in FSP1 levels following SAH. However, the depletion of CoQ10 caused by SAH hindered the biological function of FSP1. Therefore, we created neuron-targeted liposomal CoQ10 by introducing the neuron-targeting peptide Tet1 onto the surface of liposomal CoQ10. Our objective was to determine whether this formulation could activate the FSP1 system and subsequently inhibit neuronal ferroptosis. Our findings revealed that neuron-targeted liposomal CoQ10 effectively localized to neurons at the lesion site after SAH. Furthermore, it facilitated the upregulation of FSP1, reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, inhibited neuronal ferroptosis, and exerted neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. Our study provides evidence that supplementation with CoQ10 can effectively activate the FSP1 system. Additionally, we developed a neuron-targeted liposomal CoQ10 formulation that can be selectively delivered to neurons at the site of SAH. This innovative approach represents a promising therapeutic strategy for neuronal ferroptosis following SAH. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is primarily attributed to the rupture of intracranial aneurysms and is associated with a high incidence of disability and mortality. Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), exerts anti-ferroptotic effects by facilitating the conversion of oxidative coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) to its reduced form, which effectively scavenges reactive oxygen radicals and mitigates iron-induced ferroptosis. In our investigation, we observed an increase in FSP1 levels following SAH. However, the depletion of CoQ10 caused by SAH hindered the biological function of FSP1. Therefore, we created neuron-targeted liposomal CoQ10. We find that it effectively localized to neurons at the lesion site after SAH and activated the FSP1/CoQ10 system. This innovative approach represents a promising therapeutic strategy for neuronal ferroptosis following SAH and other central nervous system diseases characterized by disruption of the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yi-Nan Ding
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | | | - Xiao-Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qiu-Sha Tang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Huang L, Wang X, Zheng Y, Lang D, Wang J, Yan S, Chen Y. EGCG-NPs inhibition HO-1-mediated reprogram iron metabolism against ferroptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103075. [PMID: 38364686 PMCID: PMC10878112 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a devastating disease with a high mortality rate and poor outcomes, tightly associated with the dysregulation of iron metabolism and ferroptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is one of major bioactive compounds of tea catechin because of its well-known iron-chelating and antioxidative activities. However, the findings of iron-induced cell injuries after SAH remain controversial and the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of EGCG in ferroptosis is limited. Here, the ability of EGCG to inhibit iron-induced cell death following the alleviation of neurological function deficits was investigated by using in vivo SAH models. As expected, EGCG inhibited oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb)-induced the over-expression of HO-1, which mainly distributed in astrocytes and microglial cells. Subsequently, EGCG blocked ferrous iron accumulation through HO-1-mediated iron metabolic reprogramming. Therefore, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction was rescued by EGCG, which resulted in the downregulation of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy rather than apoptosis after SAH. As a result, EGCG exerted the superior therapeutic effects in the maintenance of iron homeostasis in glial cells, such as astrocytes and microglial cells, as well as in the improvement of functional outcomes after SAH. These findings highlighted that glial cells were not only the iron-rich cells in the brain but also susceptible to ferroptosis and ferritinophagy after SAH. The detrimental role of HO-1-mediated ferroptosis in glial cells can be regarded as an effective therapeutic target of EGCG in the prevention and treatment of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yanning Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Dongcen Lang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Shuaiguo Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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Li S, Huang P, Lai F, Zhang T, Guan J, Wan H, He Y. Mechanisms of Ferritinophagy and Ferroptosis in Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1605-1626. [PMID: 37736794 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the role of autophagy, particularly the selective form like ferritinophagy, in promoting cells to undergo ferroptosis has inspired us to investigate functional connections between diseases and cell death. Ferroptosis is a novel model of procedural cell death characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammatory response. Based on ferroptosis, the study of ferritinophagy is particularly important. In recent years, extensive research has elucidated the role of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in neurological diseases and anemia, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets. Besides, the global emergence and rapid transmission of COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, represents a considerable risk to public health worldwide. The potential involvement of ferroptosis in the pathophysiology of brain injury associated with COVID-19 is still unclear. This review summarizes the pathophysiological changes of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in neurological diseases, anemia, and COVID-19, and hypothesizes that ferritinophagy may be a potential mechanism of ferroptosis. Advancements in these fields will enhance our comprehension of methods to prevent and address neurological disorders, anemia, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Feifan Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jiaqi Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Chen X, Yang S, Ma J, Huang Y, Wang Y, Zeng J, Li J, Li S, Long D, Xiao X, Sha L, Wu D, Fan X, Kang H, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Cheng Y. Manganese and copper additions differently reduced cadmium uptake and accumulation in dwarf Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130998. [PMID: 36860063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) on dwarf Polish wheat under cadmium (Cd) stress by evaluating plant growth, Cd uptake, translocation, accumulation, subcellular distribution, and chemical forms, and the expression of genes participating in cell wall synthesis, metal chelation, and metal transport. Compared with the control, Mn deficiency and Cu deficiency increased Cd uptake and accumulation in roots, and Cd levels in root cell wall and soluble fractions, but inhibited Cd translocation to shoots. Mn addition reduced Cd uptake and accumulation in roots, and Cd level in root soluble fraction. Cu addition did not affect Cd uptake and accumulation in roots, while it caused a decrease and an increase of Cd levels in root cell wall and soluble fractions, respectively. The main Cd chemical forms (water-soluble Cd, pectates and protein integrated Cd, and undissolved Cd phosphate) in roots were differently changed. Furthermore, all treatments distinctly regulated several core genes that control the main component of root cell walls. Several Cd absorber (COPT, HIPP, NRAMP, and IRT) and exporter genes (ABCB, ABCG, ZIP, CAX, OPT, and YSL) were differently regulated to mediate Cd uptake, translocation, and accumulation. Overall, Mn and Cu differently influenced Cd uptake and accumulation; Mn addition is an effective treatment for reducing Cd accumulation in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/ Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/ Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/ Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiwen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/ Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/ Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinjiang 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/ Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/ Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/ Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Sha
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/ Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/ Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/ Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/ Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/ Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Yao Q, Li W, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Xiao X, Long D, Zeng J, Wu D, Sha L, Fan X, Kang H, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Wang Y. FeCl 3 and Fe 2(SO 4) 3 differentially reduce Cd uptake and accumulation in Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.) seedlings by exporting Cd from roots and limiting Cd binding in the root cell walls. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120762. [PMID: 36471548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wheat grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils easily accumulates more Cd in edible parts than the Chinese safety limit (0.1 mg/kg). FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 have been used to extract Cd from Cd-contaminated soils. Thus, we hypothesized that FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3, used as iron (Fe) fertilizers, can reduce Cd uptake and accumulation in wheat. Here, a hydroponic experiment was performed with three FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 concentrations under 80 μM CdCl2 stress on dwarf Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L., 2n = 4x = 28, AABB) seedlings. Compared with Fe deficiency, FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 additions competitively reduced Cd concentrations. The reductions were not associated with changes in dry weight and root morphological parameters. FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 additions reduced Cd concentrations in the following order from smallest to largest reduction: 25 μM Fe2(SO4)3 < 200 μM FeCl3 < 50 μM FeCl3 < 100 μM Fe2(SO4)3. Investigation of subcellular distributions showed that the four Fe fertilizers differentially reduced Cd binding in the root cell walls and enhanced root sucrose and trehalose. Cd chemical form analysis revealed that Fe fertilizer addition also differentially reduced root FE, FW, and FNaCl. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that addition of FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 differentially up-regulated several genes that hydrolyze cell wall polysaccharides and metal transporter genes for Cd uptake (IRT1 and CAX19) and export (ZIP1, ABCG11, ABCG14, ABCG28, ABCG37, ABCG44, and ABCG48) reducing Cd uptake and accumulation. Our results demonstrated that FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 can reduce Cd accumulation in wheat, and 50 μM FeCl3 is the most effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Sha
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Wang X, Xu P, Liu Y, Wang Z, Lenahan C, Fang Y, Lu J, Zheng J, Wang K, Wang W, Zhou J, Chen S, Zhang J. New Insights of Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Focus on the Caspase Family. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:392-408. [PMID: 35450528 PMCID: PMC10190145 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220420115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), primarily caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysms, remains a prominent clinical challenge with a high rate of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Accumulating clinical trials aiming at the prevention of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) have failed to improve the clinical outcome of patients with SAH. Therefore, a growing number of studies have shifted focus to the pathophysiological changes that occur during the periods of early brain injury (EBI). New pharmacological agents aiming to alleviate EBI have become a promising direction to improve outcomes after SAH. Caspases belong to a family of cysteine proteases with diverse functions involved in maintaining metabolism, autophagy, tissue differentiation, regeneration, and neural development. Increasing evidence shows that caspases play a critical role in brain pathology after SAH. Therefore, caspase regulation could be a potential target for SAH treatment. Herein, we provide an overview pertaining to the current knowledge on the role of caspases in EBI after SAH, and we discuss the promising therapeutic value of caspase-related agents after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Penglei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yibo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Solár P, Zamani A, Lakatosová K, Joukal M. The blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit in subarachnoid hemorrhage: molecular events and potential treatments. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35410231 PMCID: PMC8996682 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following a stroke, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), has been studied extensively. The main components of this reaction are endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes that affect microglia, neurons, and vascular smooth muscle cells. SAH induces alterations in individual BBB cells, leading to brain homeostasis disruption. Recent experiments have uncovered many pathophysiological cascades affecting the BBB following SAH. Targeting some of these pathways is important for restoring brain function following SAH. BBB injury occurs immediately after SAH and has long-lasting consequences, but most changes in the pathophysiological cascades occur in the first few days following SAH. These changes determine the development of early brain injury as well as delayed cerebral ischemia. SAH-induced neuroprotection also plays an important role and weakens the negative impact of SAH. Supporting some of these beneficial cascades while attenuating the major pathophysiological pathways might be decisive in inhibiting the negative impact of bleeding in the subarachnoid space. In this review, we attempt a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular changes in the BBB following SAH and their possible modulation by various drugs and substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alemeh Zamani
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klaudia Lakatosová
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Helbok R, Rass V, Kofler M, Talasz H, Schiefecker A, Gaasch M, Scherfler C, Pfausler B, Thomé C, Beer R, Lindner HH, Schmutzhard E. Intracerebral Iron Accumulation may be Associated with Secondary Brain Injury in Patients with Poor Grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2021; 36:171-179. [PMID: 34374002 PMCID: PMC8813702 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-021-01278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amount of intracranial blood is a strong predictor of poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Here, we aimed to measure iron concentrations in the cerebral white matter, using the cerebral microdialysis (CMD) technique, and to associate iron levels with the local metabolic profile, complications, and functional outcome. METHODS For the observational cohort study, 36 patients with consecutive poor grade SAH (Hunt & Hess grade of 4 or 5, Glasgow Coma Scale Score ≤ 8) undergoing multimodal neuromonitoring were analyzed for brain metabolic changes, including CMD iron levels quantified by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The study time encompassed 14 days after admission. Statistical analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Patients were admitted in a poor clinical grade (n = 26, 72%) or deteriorated within 24 h (n = 10, 28%). The median blood volume in the subarachnoid space was high (SAH sum score = 26, interquartile range 20-28). Initial CMD iron was 44 µg/L (25-65 µg/L), which significantly decreased to a level of 25 µg/L (14-30 µg/L) at day 4 and then constantly increased over the remaining neuromonitoring days (p < 0.01). A higher intraventricular hemorrhage sum score (≥ 5) was associated with higher CMD iron levels (Wald-statistic = 4.1, df = 1, p = 0.04) but not with the hemorrhage load in the subarachnoid space (p = 0.8). In patients developing vasospasm, the CMD iron load was higher, compared with patients without vasospasm (Wald-statistic = 4.1, degree of freedom = 1, p = 0.04), which was not true for delayed cerebral infarction (p = 0.4). Higher iron concentrations in the brain extracellular fluid (34 µg/L, 36-56 µg/L vs. 23 µg/L, 15-37 µg/L) were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction (CMD lactate to pyruvate ratio > 30 and CMD-pyruvate > 70 µM/L, p < 0.001). Brain extracellular iron load was not associated with functional outcome after 3 months (p > 0.5). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that iron accumulates in the cerebral white matter in patients with poor grade SAH. These findings may support trials aiming to scavenger brain extracellular iron based on the hypothesis that iron-mediated neurotoxicity may contribute to acute and secondary brain injury following SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Helbok
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Verena Rass
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mario Kofler
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heribert Talasz
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alois Schiefecker
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Max Gaasch
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Scherfler
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Pfausler
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudius Thomé
- Department of Neurosurgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronny Beer
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert H Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erich Schmutzhard
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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Sharma Y, Garabadu D. Ruthenium red, mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor, attenuates cognitive deficits in STZ-ICV challenged experimental animals. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:121-135. [PMID: 32858127 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with cardinal features of cognitive dysfunction in an individual. Recently, the blockade of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) exhibits neuroprotective activity in experimental animals. However, the therapeutic potential of MCU has not yet been established in the management of AD. Therefore, the present study explored the therapeutic potential of either Ruthenium red (RR), a MCU blocker, or Spermine, a MCU opener, on the extent of mitochondrial calcium accumulation, function, integrity and bioenergetics in hippocampus, pre-frontal cortex and amygdale of ICV-STZ challenged rats. Experimental AD was induced in male rats by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) on day-1 (D-1) of the experimental protocol at a sub-diabetogenic dose (3 mg/kg) twice at an interval of 48 h into both rat lateral ventricles. RR attenuated ICV-STZ-induced memory-related behavioral abnormalities in Morris water maze and Y-maze tests. RR also attenuated ICV-STZ-induced decrease in the level of acetylcholine and activity of choline acetyltransferase and, increase in the activity of acetylcholinestarase in memory-sensitive rat brain regions. Further, RR attenuated mitochondrial toxicity in terms of reducing mitochondrial calcium accumulation and improving the mitochondrial function, integrity and bioenergetics in memory-sensitive brain regions of ICV-STZ challenged rats. Furthermore, RR attenuated the percentage of apoptotic cells in ICV-STZ challenged rat brain regions. However, Spermine did not alter ICV-STZ-induced behavioral, biochemical and molecular observations in any of the brain regions. These observations indicate the fact that the MCU blockage could be a potential therapeutic option in the management of sporadic type of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yati Sharma
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Debapriya Garabadu
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India.
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10
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Zhang L, Wang H, Zhou X, Mao L, Ding K, Hu Z. Role of mitochondrial calcium uniporter-mediated Ca 2+ and iron accumulation in traumatic brain injury. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2995-3009. [PMID: 30756474 PMCID: PMC6433723 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the cellular Ca2+ and iron homeostasis, which can be regulated by mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), is associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis and many neurological diseases. However, little is known about the role of MCU‐mediated Ca2+ and iron accumulation in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Under physiological conditions, MCU can be inhibited by ruthenium red (RR) and activated by spermine (Sper). In the present study, we used RR and Sper to reveal the role of MCU in mouse and neuron TBI models. Our results suggested that the Ca2+ and iron concentrations were obviously increased after TBI. In addition, TBI models showed a significant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), deformation of mitochondria, up‐regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and increase in apoptosis. Blockage of MCU by RR prevented Ca2+ and iron accumulation, abated the level of oxidative stress, improved the energy supply, stabilized mitochondria, reduced DNA damage and decreased apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, Sper did not increase cellular Ca2+ and iron concentrations, but suppressed the Ca2+ and iron accumulation to benefit the mice in vivo. However, Sper had no significant impact on TBI in vitro. Taken together, our data demonstrated for the first time that blockage of MCU‐mediated Ca2+ and iron accumulation was essential for TBI. These findings indicated that MCU could be a novel therapeutic target for treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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11
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Abstract
Mitochondria are an iconic distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria encompass an active organellar network that fuses, divides, and directs a myriad of vital biological functions, including energy metabolism, cell death regulation, and innate immune signaling in different tissues. Another crucial and often underappreciated function of these dynamic organelles is their central role in the metabolism of the most abundant and biologically versatile transition metals in mammalian cells, iron. In recent years, cellular and animal models of mitochondrial iron dysfunction have provided vital information in identifying new proteins that have elucidated the pathways involved in mitochondrial homeostasis and iron metabolism. Specific signatures of mitochondrial iron dysregulation that are associated with disease pathogenesis and/or progression are becoming increasingly important. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial iron pathways will help better define the role of this important metal in mitochondrial function and in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Ward
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Suzanne M Cloonan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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12
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Xu H, Guan N, Ren YL, Wei QJ, Tao YH, Yang GS, Liu XY, Bu DF, Zhang Y, Zhu SN. IP 3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium regulation axis antagonists protect podocytes from apoptosis and decrease proteinuria in an Adriamycin nephropathy rat model. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:140. [PMID: 29907098 PMCID: PMC6003198 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-0940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of podocyte apoptosis is not fully understood. In addition, the role of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R)/glucose-regulated protein 75 (Grp75)/voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1)/mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) calcium regulation axis, which is located at sites of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mitochondria coupling, in the mechanism of podocyte apoptosis is unclear. This study aimed to understand the roles of this axis in podocyte apoptosis and explore potential targets for podocyte protection. METHODS The expression of IP3R, Grp75, VDAC1, and MCU and mitochondrial Ca2+ were analyzed during Adriamycin- or angiotensin II-induced apoptosis in cultured mouse podocytes. The interaction between IP3R, Grp75, and VDAC1 was investigated using co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The effects of IP3R, Grp75, and MCU agonists and antagonists on mitochondrial Ca2+ and apoptosis were investigated in cultured podocytes. The podocyte-protective effects of an MCU inhibitor were further investigated in rats with Adriamycin-induced nephropathy. RESULTS Increased expression of IP3R, Grp75, VDAC1 and MCU, enhanced interaction among the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1 complex, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, and increased active caspase-3 levels were confirmed during Adriamycin- or angiotensin II-induced mouse podocyte apoptosis. Agonists of this axis facilitated mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and podocyte apoptosis, whereas specific antagonists against IP3R, Grp75, or MCU prevented mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and podocyte apoptosis. A specific MCU inhibitor prevented Adriamycin-induced proteinuria and podocyte foot process effacement in rats. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a novel pathway in which the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC1-MCU calcium regulation axis mediated podocyte apoptosis by facilitating mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Antagonists that inhibit Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria protected mouse podocytes from apoptosis. An MCU inhibitor protected podocytes and decreased proteinuria in rats with Adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Therefore, antagonists to this pathway have promise as novel podocyte-protective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Na Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Ya-Li Ren
- Lab of Electron Microscope, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Qi-Jiao Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ying-Hong Tao
- Experimental Animal Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Yang
- Experimental Animal Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ding-Fang Bu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Sai-Nan Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
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13
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Madeo F, Eisenberg T, Pietrocola F, Kroemer G. Spermidine in health and disease. Science 2018; 359:359/6374/eaan2788. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aan2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Jorgensen A, Staalsoe JM, Simonsen AH, Hasselbalch SG, Høgh P, Weimann A, Poulsen HE, Olsen NV. Progressive DNA and RNA damage from oxidation after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in humans. Free Radic Res 2017; 52:51-56. [PMID: 29157018 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1407413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Free radical toxicity is considered as a key mechanism in the neuronal damage occurring after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). We measured markers of DNA and RNA damage from oxidation (8-oxodG and 8-oxoGuo, respectively) in cerebrospinal fluid from 45 patients with SAH on day 1-14 after ictus and 45 age-matched healthy control subjects. At baseline, both markers were significantly increased in patients compared to controls (p values < .001), and exhibited a progressive further increase (to >20-fold above control levels) from day 5-14. None of the markers predicted the occurrence of vasospasms or mortality, although there was a trend that the 8-oxoGuo marker was more strongly associated with mortality than the 8-oxodG marker. We conclude that SAH leads to a massive increase in damage to nucleic acids from oxidative stress, which is likely to play a role in neuronal dysfunction and death. As only patients in need of a ventriculostomy catheter were included in the study, the findings cannot necessarily be extrapolated to all patients with SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Jorgensen
- a Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,b Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jonatan M Staalsoe
- c Department of Neurology , University Hospital Bispebjerg , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anja H Simonsen
- d Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Steen G Hasselbalch
- b Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,d Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Peter Høgh
- b Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,e Department of Neurology , University Hospital Zealand , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Allan Weimann
- f Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642 , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.,g Department of Clinical Pharmacology , University Hospital Bispebjerg , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Henrik E Poulsen
- b Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,f Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642 , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.,g Department of Clinical Pharmacology , University Hospital Bispebjerg , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Neils V Olsen
- b Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,h Department of Neuroanaesthesia, the Neuroscience Centre , University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
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15
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Yan H, Zhang D, Wei Y, Ni H, Liang W, Zhang H, Hao S, Jin W, Li K, Hang CH. Inhibition of myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 provides neuroprotection in early brain injury following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15797. [PMID: 29150630 PMCID: PMC5693947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating of evidence suggests that activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) exacerbates early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by provoking pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic signaling. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) is an endogenous adaptor protein in the toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin (IL) -1β family signaling pathways and acts as a bottle neck in the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Here, we used ST2825, a selective inhibitor of MyD88, to clarify whether inhibiting MyD88 could provide neuroprotection in EBI following SAH. Our results showed that the expression of MyD88 was markedly increased at 24 h post SAH. Intracerebroventricular injection of ST2825 significantly reduced the expression of MyD88 at 24 h post SAH. Involvement of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways was revealed that ST2825 inhibited SAH-induced phosphorylation of TAK1, p38 and JNK, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and degradation of IκBα. Further, ST2825 administration diminished the SAH-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis. As a result, SAH-induced EBI was alleviated and neurological deficits caused by SAH were reversed. Our findings suggest that MyD88 inhibition confers marked neuroprotection against EBI following SAH. Therefore, MyD88 might be a promising new molecular target for the treatment of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Dingding Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hongbin Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weibang Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Huasheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shuangying Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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16
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Tetramethylpyrazine Protects against Early Brain Injury after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Affecting Mitochondrial-Dependent Caspase-3 Apoptotic Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3514914. [PMID: 28337226 PMCID: PMC5350396 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3514914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was to test the hypothesis that tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) protected against early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by affecting the mitochondrial-dependent caspase-3 apoptotic pathway. TMP was administrated after the rats' prechiasmatic SAH mode. Animal neurobehavioral functions were assessed and the mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic calcium, and mitochondrial membrane potential changes (Δψm) of the brain tissues were measured. The expressions of cytoplasmic cytochrome c (cyt c), second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac), and cleaved caspase-3 B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) in cells were determined and cellular apoptosis was detected. The treatment of TMP resulted in less apoptotic cells and milder mitochondrial injury and potentially performed better in the neurobehavioral outcome compared to those with saline. Also, TMP ameliorated calcium overload in mitochondria and cytoplasm and alleviated the decrease of Δψm. In addition, TMP inhibited the expression of cytoplasmic cyt c, Smac, and cleaved caspase-3, yet it upregulated the expression of bcl-2. These findings suggest that TMP exerts an antiapoptosis property in the SAH rat model and this is probably mediated by the caspase-3 apoptotic pathway triggered by mitochondrial calcium overload. The finding offers a new therapeutic candidate for early brain injury after SAH.
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17
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Liao Y, Dong Y, Cheng J. The Function of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020248. [PMID: 28208618 PMCID: PMC5343785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU)-a calcium uniporter on the inner membrane of mitochondria-controls the mitochondrial calcium uptake in normal and abnormal situations. Mitochondrial calcium is essential for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP); however, excessive calcium will induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Calcium homeostasis disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in many neurodegenerative disorders. However, the role and regulatory mechanism of the MCU in the development of these diseases are obscure. In this review, we summarize the role of the MCU in controlling oxidative stress-elevated mitochondrial calcium and its function in neurodegenerative disorders. Inhibition of the MCU signaling pathway might be a new target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajin Liao
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100039, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yuan Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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18
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Garton T, Keep RF, Hua Y, Xi G. Brain iron overload following intracranial haemorrhage. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2016; 1:172-184. [PMID: 28959481 PMCID: PMC5435218 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2016-000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial haemorrhages, including intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, haemorrhage contributes to tissue damage in traumatic brain injury (TBI). To date, efforts to treat the long-term consequences of cerebral haemorrhage have been unsatisfactory. Incident rates and mortality have not showed significant improvement in recent years. In terms of secondary damage following haemorrhage, it is becoming increasingly apparent that blood components are of integral importance, with haemoglobin-derived iron playing a major role. However, the damage caused by iron is complex and varied, and therefore, increased investigation into the mechanisms by which iron causes brain injury is required. As ICH, IVH, SAH and TBI are related, this review will discuss the role of iron in each, so that similarities in injury pathologies can be more easily identified. It summarises important components of normal brain iron homeostasis and analyses the existing evidence on iron-related brain injury mechanisms. It further discusses treatment options of particular promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Garton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Wang Q, Ji J, Hao S, Zhang M, Li K, Qiao T. Iron Together with Lipid Downregulates Protein Levels of Ceruloplasmin in Macrophages Associated with Rapid Foam Cell Formation. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:1201-1211. [PMID: 27040361 PMCID: PMC5098920 DOI: 10.5551/jat.32292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Iron accumulation in foam cells was previously shown to be involved in atherogenesis. However, the mechanism for iron accumulation was not clarified. Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is an important factor in cellular iron efflux and was found to be downregulated in atherosclerotic plaques in our previous study. The current study is to investigate the role of Cp in atherosclerosis. METHODS We used RAW264.7 cells, a well-accepted cell model of atherosclerosis, which were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) or deferoxamine, and oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to detect the regulation of Cp and its influence in iron efflux and lipid accumulation using biochemical and histological assays. RESULTS Our results showed that the Cp protein level increased after 200-μM FAC treatment in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Ox-LDL treatment (50 μg/ml) moderately reduced both mRNA and protein levels and ferroxidase activity of Cp (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the expression of ferritin and ferroportin, two important iron-related proteins for iron storage and efflux, respectively, after ox-LDL treatment. However, co-treatment with ox-LDL and FAC drastically reduced the expression of Cp. Accordingly, the ferroxidase activities simultaneously decreased, whereas the protein levels of Ft and Fpn1 significantly increased, indicating further iron accumulation. Moreover, co-treatment with FAC and ox-LDL enhanced the accumulation of cholesterol compared with ox-LDL-only treatment to trigger apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that physiological interaction of iron and lipid obstructs iron efflux and accelerates the lipid accumulation in macrophages during foam cell formation, which implicates the role of iron in the pathology of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Ji
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shuangying Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Qiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Chen Y, Huang L, Zhang H, Sun H, Zhou W. EGCG protective mitochondrial dysfunction after subarachnoid haemorrhage via inhibition p38 α pathway. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Phosphorylation of Akt by SC79 Prevents Iron Accumulation and Ameliorates Early Brain Injury in a Model of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Molecules 2016; 21:325. [PMID: 26978329 PMCID: PMC6272957 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that activation of Akt may alleviate early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study is undertaken to determine whether iron metabolism is involved in the beneficial effect of Akt activation after SAH. Therefore, we used a novel molecule, SC79, to activate Akt in an experimental Sprague–Dawley rat model of SAH. Rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: sham, SAH, SAH + vehicle, SAH + SC79. The results confirmed that SC79 effectively enhanced the defense against oxidative stress and alleviated EBI in the temporal lobe after SAH. Interestingly, we found that phosphorylation of Akt by SC79 reduced cell surface transferrin receptor-mediated iron uptake and promoted ferroportin-mediated iron transport after SAH. As a result, SC79 administration diminished the iron content in the brain tissue. Moreover, the impaired Fe-S cluster biogenesis was recovered and loss of the activities of the Fe-S cluster-containing enzymes were regained, indicating that injured mitochondrial functions are restored to healthy levels. These findings suggest that disrupted iron homeostasis could contribute to EBI and Akt activation may regulate iron metabolism to relieve iron toxicity, further protecting neurons from EBI after SAH.
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Randhawa PK, Jaggi AS. TRPV4 channels: physiological and pathological role in cardiovascular system. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:54. [PMID: 26415881 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TRPV4 channels are non-selective cation channels permeable to Ca(2+), Na(+), and Mg(2+) ions. Recently, TRPV4 channels have received considerable attention as these channels are widely expressed in the cardiovascular system including endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscles, and peri-vascular nerves. Therefore, these channels possibly play a pivotal role in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. TRPV4 channels critically regulate flow-induced arteriogenesis, TGF-β1-induced differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and heart failure-induced pulmonary edema. These channels also mediate hypoxia-induced increase in proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and progression of pulmonary hypertension. These channels also maintain flow-induced vasodilation and preserve vascular function by directly activating Ca(2+)-dependent KCa channels. Furthermore, these may also induce vasodilation and maintain blood pressure indirectly by evoking the release of NO, CGRP, and substance P. The present review discusses the evidences and the potential mechanisms implicated in diverse responses including arteriogenesis, cardiac remodeling, congestive heart failure-induced pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, flow-induced dilation, regulation of blood pressure, and hypoxic preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kaur Randhawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, 147002, India.
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Role of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter in Rat Hippocampal Neuronal Death After Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1739-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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