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Duurland CL, de Gunst T, den Boer HC, van den Bosch MT, Telford BJ, Vos RM, Xie X, Zang M, Wang F, Shao Y, An X, Wang J, Cai J, Bourré L, van Pinxteren LA, Schaapveld RQ, Janicot M, Yahyanejad S. INT-1B3, an LNP formulated miR-193a-3p mimic, promotes anti-tumor immunity by enhancing T cell mediated immune responses via modulation of the tumor microenvironment and induction of immunogenic cell death. Oncotarget 2024; 15:470-485. [PMID: 39007281 PMCID: PMC11247534 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of multiple genes. MiR-193a-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in many cancer types, but its effect on inducing specific anti-tumor immune responses is unclear. Therefore, we examined the effect of our lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulated, chemically modified, synthetic miR-193a-3p mimic (INT-1B3) on anti-tumor immunity. INT-1B3 inhibited distant tumor metastasis and significantly prolonged survival. INT-1B3-treated animals were fully protected against challenge with autologous tumor cells even in absence of treatment indicating long-term immunization. Protection against autologous tumor cell challenge was hampered upon T cell depletion and adoptive T cell transfer abrogated tumor growth. Transfection of tumor cells with our miR-193a-3p mimic (1B3) resulted in tumor cell death and apoptosis accompanied by increased expression of DAMPs. Co-culture of 1B3-transfected tumor cells and immature DC led to DC maturation and these mature DC were able to stimulate production of type 1 cytokines by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. CD4-CD8- T cells also produced type 1 cytokines, even in response to 1B3-transfected tumor cells directly. Live cell imaging demonstrated PBMC-mediated cytotoxicity against 1B3-transfected tumor cells. These data demonstrate for the first time that miR-193a-3p induces long-term immunity against tumor development via modulation of the tumor microenvironment and induction of immunogenic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaolei Xie
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, CA 92127, USA
| | - Mingfa Zang
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, CA 92127, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, CA 92127, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyu An
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, CA 92127, USA
| | | | - Jie Cai
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, CA 92127, USA
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2
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Alhamdan F, Greulich T, Daviaud C, Marsh LM, Pedersen F, Thölken C, Pfefferle PI, Bahmer T, Potaczek DP, Tost J, Garn H. Identification of extracellular vesicle microRNA signatures specifically linked to inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms in obesity-associated low type-2 asthma. Allergy 2023; 78:2944-2958. [PMID: 37486026 DOI: 10.1111/all.15824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a vital source of molecular information about health and disease states. Due to their heterogenous cellular sources, EVs and their cargo may predict specific pathomechanisms behind disease phenotypes. Here we aimed to utilize EV microRNA (miRNA) signatures to gain new insights into underlying molecular mechanisms of obesity-associated low type-2 asthma. METHODS Obese low type-2 asthma (OA) and non-obese low type-2 asthma (NOA) patients were selected from an asthma cohort conjointly with healthy controls. Plasma EVs were isolated and characterised by nanoparticle tracking analysis. EV-associated small RNAs were extracted, sequenced and bioinformatically analysed. RESULTS Based on EV miRNA expression profiles, a clear distinction between the three study groups could be established using a principal component analysis. Integrative pathway analysis of potential target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs revealed inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-6, transforming growth factor-beta, interferons) and metabolic factors (e.g., insulin, leptin) signalling pathways to be specifically associated with OA. The miR-17-92 and miR-106a-363 clusters were significantly enriched only in OA. These miRNA clusters exhibited discrete bivariate correlations with several key laboratory (e.g., C-reactive protein) and lung function parameters. Plasma EV miRNA signatures mirrored blood-derived CD4+ T-cell transcriptome data, but achieved an even higher sensitivity in identifying specifically affected biological pathways. CONCLUSION The identified plasma EV miRNA signatures and particularly the miR-17-92 and -106a-363 clusters were capable to disentangle specific mechanisms of the obesity-associated low type-2 asthma phenotype, which may serve as basis for stratified treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd Alhamdan
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timm Greulich
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Daviaud
- Laboratory for Epigenetics & Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Leigh M Marsh
- Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research and Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frauke Pedersen
- Lungen Clinic Großhansdorf GmbH, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Clemens Thölken
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Petra Ina Pfefferle
- Comprehensive Biobank Marburg (CBBMR), Member of the German Biobank Alliance (GBA) and the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Bahmer
- Lungen Clinic Großhansdorf GmbH, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Großhansdorf, Germany
- Department for Internal Medicine I, Campus Kiel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel P Potaczek
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Bioscientia MVZ Labor Mittelhessen GmbH, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics & Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Holger Garn
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Medical Faculty, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Hasiuk M, Dölz M, Marone R, Jeker LT. Leveraging microRNAs for cellular therapy. Immunol Lett 2023; 262:27-35. [PMID: 37660892 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Owing to Karl Landsteiner's discovery of blood groups, blood transfusions became safe cellular therapies in the early 1900s. Since then, cellular therapy made great advances from transfusions with unmodified cells to today's commercially available chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells requiring complex manufacturing. Modern cellular therapy products can be improved using basic knowledge of cell biology and molecular genetics. Emerging genome engineering tools are becoming ever more versatile and precise and thus catalyze rapid progress towards programmable therapeutic cells that compute input and respond with defined output. Despite a large body of literature describing important functions of non-coding RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs), the vast majority of cell engineering efforts focuses on proteins. However, miRNAs form an important layer of posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Here, we highlight examples of how miRNAs can successfully be incorporated into engineered cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Hasiuk
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Dölz
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Romina Marone
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas T Jeker
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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4
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Mulik S, Berber E, Sehrawat S, Rouse BT. Controlling viral inflammatory lesions by rebalancing immune response patterns. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257192. [PMID: 37671156 PMCID: PMC10475736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss a variety of immune modulating approaches that could be used to counteract tissue-damaging viral immunoinflammatory lesions which typify many chronic viral infections. We make the point that in several viral infections the lesions can be largely the result of one or more aspects of the host response mediating the cell and tissue damage rather than the virus itself being directly responsible. However, within the reactive inflammatory lesions along with the pro-inflammatory participants there are also other aspects of the host response that may be acting to constrain the activity of the damaging components and are contributing to resolution. This scenario should provide the prospect of rebalancing the contributions of different host responses and hence diminish or even fully control the virus-induced lesions. We identify several aspects of the host reactions that influence the pattern of immune responsiveness and describe approaches that have been used successfully, mainly in model systems, to modulate the activity of damaging participants and which has led to lesion control. We emphasize examples where such therapies are, or could be, translated for practical use in the clinic to control inflammatory lesions caused by viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Mulik
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Engin Berber
- Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sharvan Sehrawat
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Barry Tyrrell Rouse
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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MicroRNAs in T Cell-Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010250. [PMID: 36613706 PMCID: PMC9820302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as master regulators of gene expression in homeostasis and disease. Despite the rapidly growing body of evidence on the theranostic potential of restoring miRNA levels in pre-clinical models, the translation into clinics remains limited. Here, we review the current knowledge of miRNAs as T-cell targeting immunotherapeutic tools, and we offer an overview of the recent advances in miRNA delivery strategies, clinical trials and future perspectives in RNA interference technologies.
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6
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Gramantieri L, Fornari F, Giovannini C, Trerè D. MicroRNAs at the Crossroad between Immunoediting and Oncogenic Drivers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070930. [PMID: 35883486 PMCID: PMC9313100 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, treatments enhancing the antitumor immune response have revealed a new promising approach for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Beside favorable results in about one third of patients, much still remains to be done to face primary nonresponse, early, and late disease reactivation. Understanding the mechanisms underneath immune system modulation by immune checkpoint inhibitors in HCC might give additional opportunities for patient selection and combined approaches. MicroRNAs have emerged as relevant modulators of cancer cell hallmarks, including aberrant proliferation, invasion and migration capabilities, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and glycolytic metabolism. At the same time, they contribute to the immune system development, response, and programs activation, with particular regard towards regulatory functions. Thus, miRNAs are relevant not only in cancer cells’ biology, but also in the immune response and interplay between cancer, microenvironment, and immune system. Abstract Treatments aimed to reverse the tumor-induced immune tolerance represent a promising approach for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Notwithstanding, primary nonresponse, early, and late disease reactivation still represent major clinical challenges. Here, we focused on microRNAs (miRNAs) acting both as modulators of cancer cell hallmarks and immune system response. We outlined the bidirectional function that some oncogenic miRNAs play in the differentiation and program activation of the immune system development and, at the same time, in the progression of HCC. Indeed, the multifaceted spectrum of miRNA targets allows the modulation of both immune-associated factors and oncogenic or tumor suppressor drivers at the same time. Understanding the molecular changes contributing to disease onset, progression, and resistance to treatments might help to identify possible novel biomarkers for selecting patient subgroups, and to design combined tailored treatments to potentiate antitumor approaches. Preliminary findings seem to argue in favor of a bidirectional function of some miRNAs, which enact an effective modulation of molecular pathways driving oncogenic and immune-skipping phenotypes associated with cancer aggressiveness. The identification of these miRNAs and the characterization of their ‘dual’ role might help to unravel novel biomarkers identifying those patients more likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors and to identify possible therapeutic targets with both antitumor and immunomodulatory functions. In the present review, we will focus on the restricted panel of miRNAs playing a bidirectional role in HCC, influencing oncogenic and immune-related pathways at once. Even though this field is still poorly investigated in HCC, it might represent a source of candidate molecules acting as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the setting of immune-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gramantieri
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Fornari
- Department for Life Quality Studies (QuVi), University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research-CRBA, University of Bologna, IRCCS St. Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Catia Giovannini
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research-CRBA, University of Bologna, IRCCS St. Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Trerè
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Departmental Program in Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Mahinfar P, Mansoori B, Rostamzadeh D, Baradaran B, Cho WC, Mansoori B. The Role of microRNAs in Multidrug Resistance of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3217. [PMID: 35804989 PMCID: PMC9265057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor that develops from neuroglial stem cells and represents a highly heterogeneous group of neoplasms. These tumors are predominantly correlated with a dismal prognosis and poor quality of life. In spite of major advances in developing novel and effective therapeutic strategies for patients with glioblastoma, multidrug resistance (MDR) is considered to be the major reason for treatment failure. Several mechanisms contribute to MDR in GBM, including upregulation of MDR transporters, alterations in the metabolism of drugs, dysregulation of apoptosis, defects in DNA repair, cancer stem cells, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large class of endogenous RNAs that participate in various cell events, including the mechanisms causing MDR in glioblastoma. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in the regulation of the underlying mechanisms in MDR glioblastoma which will open up new avenues of inquiry for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mahinfar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran; (P.M.); (B.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Behnaz Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran; (P.M.); (B.M.); (B.B.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 175-14115, Iran
| | - Davoud Rostamzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj 7591994799, Iran;
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj 7591994799, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran; (P.M.); (B.M.); (B.B.)
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Regulation of Immune Cells by microRNAs and microRNA-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1385:75-108. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08356-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wen P, Xie Y, Wang L. The Role of microRNA in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Different Variants, Treatment and Prognosis of Mycosis Fungoides. Front Oncol 2021; 11:752817. [PMID: 34966672 PMCID: PMC8710607 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), accounting for approximately 50% of all CTCLs. Although various molecular changes in MF have been described in existing studies, no obvious disease-specific changes have been found thus far. microRNAs (miRs) are short, noncoding RNA molecules that play roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in various diseases. Recently, there has been rapidly expanding experimental evidence for the role of miRs in the progression, early diagnosis, prognosis prediction for MF. Efforts to improve early diagnosis and develop personalized therapy options have become more important in recent years. Here, we provide an overview and update of recent advances regarding miRs associated with MF. Furthermore, we provide insights into future opportunities for miR-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wen
- Department of Dermatovenerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Dermatovenerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Dermatovenerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Pottoo FH, Iqubal A, Iqubal MK, Salahuddin M, Rahman JU, AlHajri N, Shehadeh M. miRNAs in the Regulation of Cancer Immune Response: Effect of miRNAs on Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6145. [PMID: 34885253 PMCID: PMC8656569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, carcinogenesis has been extensively explored and substantial research has identified immunogenic involvement in various types of cancers. As a result, immune checkpoint blockers and other immune-based therapies were developed as novel immunotherapeutic strategies. However, despite being a promising therapeutic option, immunotherapy has significant constraints such as a high cost of treatment, unpredictable toxicity, and clinical outcomes. miRNAs are non-coding, small RNAs actively involved in modulating the immune system's multiple signalling pathways by binding to the 3'-UTR of target genes. miRNAs possess a unique advantage in modulating multiple targets of either the same or different signalling pathways. Therefore, miRNA follows a 'one drug multiple target' hypothesis. Attempts are made to explore the therapeutic promise of miRNAs in cancer so that it can be transported from bench to bedside for successful immunotherapeutic results. Therefore, in the current manuscript, we discussed, in detail, the mechanism and role of miRNAs in different types of cancers relating to the immune system, its diagnostic and therapeutic aspect, the effect on immune escape, immune-checkpoint molecules, and the tumour microenvironment. We have also discussed the existing limitations, clinical success and the prospective use of miRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
- Product Development Department, Sentiss Research Centre, Sentiss Pharma Pvt Ltd., Gurugram 122001, India
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jawad Ur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Noora AlHajri
- Mayo Clinic, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC), Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mustafa Shehadeh
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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Papaioannou E, González-Molina MDP, Prieto-Muñoz AM, Gámez-Reche L, González-Martín A. Regulation of Adaptive Tumor Immunity by Non-Coding RNAs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225651. [PMID: 34830805 PMCID: PMC8616131 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunology research has mainly focused on the role of protein-coding genes in regulating immune responses to tumors. However, despite more than 70% of the human genome is transcribed, less than 2% encodes proteins. Many non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been identified as critical regulators of immune cell development and function, suggesting that they might play important roles in orchestrating immune responses against tumors. In this review, we summarize the scientific advances on the role of ncRNAs in regulating adaptive tumor immunity, and discuss their potential therapeutic value in the context of cancer immunotherapy.
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El Founini Y, Chaoui I, Dehbi H, El Mzibri M, Abounader R, Guessous F. MicroRNAs: Key Regulators in Lung Cancer. Microrna 2021; 10:109-122. [PMID: 34047262 DOI: 10.2174/2211536610666210527102522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs have emerged as key regulators of the genome upon gene expression profiling and genome-wide sequencing. Among these noncoding RNAs, microRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that regulate a plethora of functions, biological processes and human diseases by targeting the messenger RNA stability through 3'UTR binding, leading to either mRNA cleavage or translation repression, depending on microRNA-mRNA complementarity degree. Additionally, strong evidence has suggested that dysregulation of miRNAs contribute to the etiology and progression of human cancers, such as lung cancer, the most common and deadliest cancer worldwide. Indeed, by acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, microRNAs control all aspects of lung cancer malignancy, including cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, cancer stem cells, immune-surveillance escape, and therapy resistance; and their expressions are often associated with clinical parameters. Moreover, several deregulated microRNAs in lung cancer are carried by exosomes, microvesicles and secreted in body fluids, mainly the circulation where they conserve their stable forms. Subsequently, seminal efforts have been focused on extracellular microRNAs levels as noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in lung cancer. In this review, focusing on recent literature, we summarize the deregulation, mechanisms of action, functions and highlight clinical applications of miRNAs for better management and design of future lung cancer targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes El Founini
- Unit of Biology and Medical Research, National Center of Energy, Sciences and Nuclear Techniques, Rabat, Morocco.,Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Medical School, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Imane Chaoui
- Unit of Biology and Medical Research, National Center of Energy, Sciences and Nuclear Techniques, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hind Dehbi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Medical School, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- Unit of Biology and Medical Research, National Center of Energy, Sciences and Nuclear Techniques, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Roger Abounader
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Fadila Guessous
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
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Xing Y, Wang Z, Lu Z, Xia J, Xie Z, Jiao M, Liu R, Chu Y. MicroRNAs: immune modulators in cancer immunotherapy. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2021; 1:ltab006. [PMID: 35919742 PMCID: PMC9327120 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of endogenous small non-coding RNA of 18–25 nucleotides and plays regulatory roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence support that miRNAs function as immune modulators in tumors. MiRNAs as tumor suppressors or oncogenes are also found to be able to modulate anti-tumor immunity or link the crosstalk between tumor cells and immune cells surrounding. Based on the specific regulating function, miRNAs can be used as predictive, prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets in immunotherapy. Here, we review new findings about the role of miRNAs in modulating immune responses, as well as discuss mechanisms underlying their dysregulation, and their clinical potentials as indicators of tumor prognosis or to sensitize cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xing
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xia
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhangjuan Xie
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Mengxia Jiao
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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14
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Migueles SA, Rogan DC, Gavil NV, Kelly EP, Toulmin SA, Wang LT, Lack J, Ward AJ, Pryal PF, Ludwig AK, Medina RG, Apple BJ, Toumanios CN, Poole AL, Rehm CA, Jones SE, Liang CJ, Connors M. Antigenic Restimulation of Virus-Specific Memory CD8 + T Cells Requires Days of Lytic Protein Accumulation for Maximal Cytotoxic Capacity. J Virol 2020; 94:e01595-20. [PMID: 32907983 PMCID: PMC7654275 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01595-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In various infections or vaccinations of mice or humans, reports of the persistence and the requirements for restimulation of the cytotoxic mediators granzyme B (GrB) and perforin (PRF) in CD8+ T cells have yielded disparate results. In this study, we examined the kinetics of PRF and GrB mRNA and protein expression after stimulation and associated changes in cytotoxic capacity in virus-specific memory cells in detail. In patients with controlled HIV or cleared respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza virus infections, all virus-specific CD8+ T cells expressed low PRF levels without restimulation. Following stimulation, they displayed similarly delayed kinetics for lytic protein expression, with significant increases occurring by days 1 to 3 before peaking on days 4 to 6. These increases were strongly correlated with, but were not dependent upon, proliferation. Incremental changes in PRF and GrB percent expression and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) were highly correlated with increases in HIV-specific cytotoxicity. mRNA levels in HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells exhibited delayed kinetics after stimulation as with protein expression, peaking on day 5. In contrast to GrB, PRF mRNA transcripts were little changed over 5 days of stimulation (94-fold versus 2.8-fold, respectively), consistent with posttranscriptional regulation. Changes in expression of some microRNAs, including miR-17, miR-150, and miR-155, suggested that microRNAs might play a significant role in regulation of PRF expression. Therefore, under conditions of extremely low or absent antigen levels, memory virus-specific CD8+ T cells require prolonged stimulation over days to achieve maximal lytic protein expression and cytotoxic capacity.IMPORTANCE Antigen-specific CD8+ T cells play a major role in controlling most virus infections, primarily by perforin (PRF)- and granzyme B (GrB)-mediated apoptosis. There is considerable controversy regarding whether PRF is constitutively expressed, rapidly increased similarly to a cytokine, or delayed in its expression with more prolonged stimulation in virus-specific memory CD8+ T cells. In this study, the degree of cytotoxic capacity of virus-specific memory CD8+ T cells was directly proportional to the content of lytic molecules, which required antigenic stimulation over several days for maximal levels. This appeared to be modulated by increases in GrB transcription and microRNA-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of PRF expression. Clarifying the requirements for maximal cytotoxic capacity is critical to understanding how viral clearance might be mediated by memory cells and what functions should be induced by vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Migueles
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel C Rogan
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Noah V Gavil
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Kelly
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sushila A Toulmin
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence T Wang
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin Lack
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (NCBR), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Addison J Ward
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick F Pryal
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda K Ludwig
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Renata G Medina
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin J Apple
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina N Toumanios
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - April L Poole
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine A Rehm
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara E Jones
- Clinical Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - C Jason Liang
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Connors
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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15
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Choi BD, Curry WT, Carter BS, Maus MV. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy for glioblastoma: practical insights for neurosurgeons. Neurosurg Focus 2019; 44:E13. [PMID: 29852773 DOI: 10.3171/2018.2.focus17788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for glioblastoma (GBM) remains exceedingly poor despite state-of-the-art multimodal therapy. Immunotherapy, particularly with cytotoxic T cells, represents a promising alternative. Perhaps the most prominent T-cell technology is the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), which in 2017 received accelerated approval from the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Several CARs for GBM have been recently tested in clinical trials with exciting results. The authors review these clinical data and discuss areas of ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Choi
- 1Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, and.,Departments of2Neurosurgery and
| | | | | | - Marcela V Maus
- 1Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, and.,3Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Cortez MA, Anfossi S, Ramapriyan R, Menon H, Atalar SC, Aliru M, Welsh J, Calin GA. Role of miRNAs in immune responses and immunotherapy in cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:244-253. [PMID: 30578699 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the study of mechanisms of cancer immunity has seen a prominent boom, which paralleled the increased amount of research on the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in several lethal types of cancers. This conspicuous effort has led to the development of successful immunotherapy treatment strategies, whose medical impact has been recognized by the awarding of 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to the two pioneers of check point inhibitor research, Tasuku Honjo and James Allison. Despite these promising achievements, the differences in the clinical response rate in different cancer patients and the high risk of toxicity of immune-based therapies represent crucial challenges. More remarkably, the causes responsible for different outcome (success vs failure) in patients with tumor having same histotype and clinical characteristics remain mostly unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small regulatory noncoding RNA molecules representing the most studied component of the dark matter of the human genome, are involved in the regulation of many pathways of cancer and immune cells. Therefore, understanding the role of miRNAs in controlling cancer immunity is necessary, as it can contribute to reveal mechanisms that can be modulated to improve the success of immunetherapy in cancer patients. Here, we discuss the latest findings on immune pathways regulated by miRNAs in cancer, miRNA-mediated regulation of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, and miRNAs as potential target for immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angelica Cortez
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Simone Anfossi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rishab Ramapriyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hari Menon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Semra Cemre Atalar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maureen Aliru
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - James Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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17
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He W, Xu J, Huang Z, Zhang J, Dong L. MiRNAs in cancer therapy: focusing on their bi-directional roles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41544-019-0005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Moyal L, Gorovitz‐Haris B, Yehezkel S, Jacob‐Hirsch J, Bershtein V, Barzilai A, Rotem C, Sherman S, Amitay‐Laish I, Feinmesser M, Hodak E. Unilesional mycosis fungoides is associated with increased expression of micro
RNA
‐17~92 and T helper 1 skewing. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:1123-1134. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Moyal
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petach Tikva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology and Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach TikvaIsrael
| | - B. Gorovitz‐Haris
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petach Tikva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology and Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach TikvaIsrael
| | - S. Yehezkel
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petach Tikva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology and Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach TikvaIsrael
| | - J. Jacob‐Hirsch
- Cancer Research Center Sheba Medical Center Tel HashomerIsrael
| | - V. Bershtein
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology and Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach TikvaIsrael
| | - A. Barzilai
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer Israel
| | - C. Rotem
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petach Tikva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology and Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach TikvaIsrael
| | - S. Sherman
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petach Tikva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology and Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach TikvaIsrael
| | - I. Amitay‐Laish
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology and Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach TikvaIsrael
| | - M. Feinmesser
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Institute of Pathology Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach Tikva Israel
| | - E. Hodak
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology Felsenstein Medical Research Center Petach Tikva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Dermatology and Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital Petach TikvaIsrael
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19
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Choi BD, Maus MV, June CH, Sampson JH. Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma: Adoptive T-cell Strategies. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:2042-2048. [PMID: 30446589 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating disease with an extremely poor prognosis. Immunotherapy via adoptive cell transfer (ACT), especially with T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR), represents a particularly promising approach. Despite the recent success of CAR T cells for blood cancers, the question remains whether this powerful anticancer therapy will ultimately work for brain tumors, and whether the primary immunologic challenges in this disease, which include antigenic heterogeneity, immune suppression, and T-cell exhaustion, can be adequately addressed. Here, we contextualize these concepts by reviewing recent developments in ACT for GBM, with a special focus on pioneering clinical trials of CAR T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Choi
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John H Sampson
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Duke University Medical Center and Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. .,Departments of Neurosurgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center and Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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20
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Aberrant miRNAs Regulate the Biological Hallmarks of Glioblastoma. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:452-474. [PMID: 30182330 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
GBM is the highest incidence in primary intracranial malignancy, and it remains poor prognosis even though the patient is gave standard treatment. Despite decades of intense research, the complex biology of GBM remains elusive. In view of eight hallmarks of cancer which were proposed in 2011, studies related to the eight biological capabilities in GBM have made great progress. From these studies, it can be inferred that miRs, as a mode of post-transcriptional regulation, are involved in regulating these malignant biological hallmarks of GBM. Herein, we discuss state-of-the-art research on how aberrant miRs modulate the eight hallmarks of GBM. The upregulation of 'oncomiRs' or the genetic loss of tumor suppressor miRs is associated with these eight biological capabilities acquired during GBM formation. Furthermore, we also discuss the applicable clinical potential of these research results. MiRs may aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of GBM. Moreover, miRs are also therapeutic targets of GBM. These studies will develop and improve precision medicine for GBM in the future.
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21
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miR-142-5p regulates tumor cell PD-L1 expression and enhances anti-tumor immunity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:425-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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MiR-21 is required for anti-tumor immune response in mice: an implication for its bi-directional roles. Oncogene 2017; 36:4212-4223. [PMID: 28346427 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we show that miR-21, a microRNA known for its oncogenic activity, is also essential for mediating immune responses against tumor. Knockout of miR-21 in mice slowed the proliferation of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells, reduced their cytokine production and accelerated the grafted tumor growth. Further investigations indicated that miR-21 could activate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells via the PTEN/Akt pathway in response to stimulations. Taken together, these data suggest the key functions of miR-21 in mediating anti-tumor immune response and thereby uncover a bi-directional role of this traditionally known 'oncomiR' in tumorigenesis. Our study may provide new insights for the design of cancer therapies targeting microRNAs, with an emphasis on the dynamic and possibly unexpected role of these molecules.
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23
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MicroRNA and extracellular vesicles in glioblastoma: small but powerful. Brain Tumor Pathol 2016; 33:77-88. [PMID: 26968172 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-016-0259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To promote the tumor growth, angiogenesis, metabolism, and invasion, glioblastoma (GBM) cells subvert the surrounding microenvironment by influencing the endogenous activity of other brain cells including endothelial cells, macrophages, astrocytes, and microglia. Large number of studies indicates that the intra-cellular communication between the different cell types of the GBM microenvironment occurs through the functional transfer of oncogenic components such as proteins, non-coding RNAs, DNA and lipids via the release and uptake of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Unlike the communication through the secretion of chemokines and cytokines, the transfer and gene silencing activity of microRNAs through EVs is more complex as the biogenesis and proper packaging of microRNAs is crucial for their uptake by recipient cells. Although the specific mechanism of EV-derived microRNA uptake and processing in recipient cells is largely unknown, the screening, identifying and finally targeting of the EV-associated pro-tumorigenic microRNAs are emerging as new therapeutic strategy to combat the GBM.
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24
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Zhang J, Liu J, Chen H, Wu W, Li X, Wu Y, Wang Z, Zhang K, Li Y, Weng Y, Liao H, Gu L. Specific immunotherapy generates CD8(+) CD196(+) T cells to suppress lung cancer growth in mice. Immunol Res 2016; 64:1033-40. [PMID: 26910585 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
That specific immunotherapy can inhibit cancer growth has been recognized; its efficiency is to be improved. This study aimed to inhibit lung cancer (LC) growth in a mouse model by using an LC-specific vaccination. In this study, a LC mouse model was created by adoptive transplantation with LC cells. The tumor-bearing mice were vaccinated with LC cell extracts plus adjuvant TNBS or adoptive transplantation with specific CD8(+) CD196(+) T cells. The results showed that the vaccination with LC extracts (LCE)/TNBS markedly inhibited the LC growth and induced CD8(+) CD196(+) T cells in LC tissue and the spleen. These CD8(+) CD196(+) T cells proliferated and produce high levels of perforin upon exposure to LCE and specifically induced LC cell apoptosis. Exposure to TNBS induced RAW264.7 cells to produce macrophage inflammatory protein-3α; the latter activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and further induced perforin expression in the CD8(+) CD196(+) T cells. Adoptive transfer with specific CD8(+) CD196(+) T cells suppressed LC growth in mice. In conclusion, immunization with LC extracts and TNBS can induce LC-specific CD8(+) CD196(+) T cells in LC-bearing mice and inhibit LC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Infectious Disease Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Huiguo Chen
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yonghui Wu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yun Li
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yimin Weng
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hongying Liao
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lijia Gu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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25
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Ji Y, Hocker JD, Gattinoni L. Enhancing adoptive T cell immunotherapy with microRNA therapeutics. Semin Immunol 2015; 28:45-53. [PMID: 26710685 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell-based immunotherapies can mediate complete and durable regressions in patients with advanced cancer, but current response rates remain inadequate. Maneuvers to improve the fitness and antitumor efficacy of transferred T cells have been under extensive exploration in the field. Small non-coding microRNAs have emerged as critical modulators of immune system homeostasis and T cell immunity. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role of microRNAs in regulating T cell activation, differentiation, and function. We also discuss how microRNA therapeutics could be employed to fine-tune T cell receptor signaling and enhance T cell persistence and effector functions, paving the way for the next generation of adoptive immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - James D Hocker
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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26
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Jin HY, Xiao C. MicroRNA Mechanisms of Action: What have We Learned from Mice? Front Genet 2015; 6:328. [PMID: 26635864 PMCID: PMC4644800 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Yong Jin
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA ; Kellogg School of Science and Technology, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
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