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Gao WY, Tian MY, Li ML, Gao SR, Wei XL, Gao C, Zhou YY, Li T, Wang HJ, Bian BL, Si N, Zhao W, Zhao HY. Study on the potential mechanism of Qingxin Lianzi Yin Decoction on renoprotection in db/db mice via network pharmacology and metabolomics. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155222. [PMID: 38382279 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) was one of the most popular and most significant microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Qingxin Lianzi Yin Decoction (QXLZY) was a traditional Chinese classical formula, suitable for chronic urinary system diseases. QXLZY had good clinical efficacy in early DN, but the underlying molecular mechanism remained unrevealed. PURPOSE This study aimed to establish the content determination method of QXLZY index components and explore the mechanism of QXLZY on DN by network pharmacology and metabolomics studies. METHODS Firstly, the content determination methods of QXLZY were established with calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, acteoside, baicalin and glycyrrhizic acid as index components. Secondly, pharmacological experiments of QXLZY were evaluated using db/db mice. UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS was used to carry out untargeted urine metabolomics, serum metabolomics, and kidney metabolomics studies. Thirdly, employing network pharmacology, key components and targets were analyzed. Finally, targeted metabolomics studies were performed on the endogenous constituents in biological samples for validation based on untargeted metabolomics results. RESULTS A method for the simultaneous determination of multiple index components in QXLZY was established, which passed the comprehensive methodological verification. It was simple, feasible, and scientific. The QXLZY treatment alleviated kidney injury of db/db mice, included the degree of histopathological damage and the level of urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio. Untargeted metabolomics studies had identified metabolic dysfunction in pathways associated with amino acid metabolism in db/db mice. Treatment with QXLZY could reverse metabolite abnormalities and influence the pathways related to energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism. It had been found that pathways with a high degree were involved in signal transduction, prominently on amino acids metabolism and lipid metabolism, analyzed by network pharmacology. Disorders of amino acid metabolism did occur in db/db mice. QXLZY could revert the levels of metabolites, such as quinolinic acid, arginine, and asparagine. CONCLUSION This study was the first time to demonstrate that QXLZY alleviated diabetes-induced pathological changes in the kidneys of db/db mice by correcting disturbances in amino acid metabolism. This work could provide a new experimental basis and theoretical guidance for the rational application of QXLZY on DN, exploring the new pharmacological effect of traditional Chinese medicine, and promoting in-depth research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ya Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Meng-Yao Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ming-Li Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shuang-Rong Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hong-Jie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Bao-Lin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Nan Si
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100022, China.
| | - Hai-Yu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Soleimani Damaneh M, Aryaeian N, Khajoenia S, Azadbakht L, Hosseini-Baharanchi FS. The association between dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids and odds and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6309. [PMID: 38491066 PMCID: PMC10943023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This case-control study investigated the link between dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the risk and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We assessed dietary BCAA intake in 95 RA patients and 190 matched controls using a food frequency questionnaire. We also assessed the disease severity using the disease activity score 28 (DAS-28), ESR, VAS, morning stiffness, and tender and swollen joints. Higher BCAA intake, expressed as a percentage of total protein, was significantly associated with increased risk of RA for total BCAAs (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.53-3.00, P < 0.001), leucine (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.70-3.38, P < 0.001), isoleucine (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.46-2.85, P < 0.001), and valine (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.35-2.59, P < 0.001). These associations remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounders (P < 0.001). However, BCAA intake did not show any significant association with RA severity in either crude or multivariate models (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that higher dietary BCAA intake may contribute to the development of RA, but further research is needed to confirm these observations and explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naheed Aryaeian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shole Khajoenia
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Science University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Han YZ, Zheng HJ, Du BX, Zhang Y, Zhu XY, Li J, Wang YX, Liu WJ. Role of Gut Microbiota, Immune Imbalance, and Allostatic Load in the Occurrence and Development of Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:8871677. [PMID: 38094870 PMCID: PMC10719010 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8871677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevailing complication arising from diabetes mellitus. Unfortunately, there are no trustworthy and efficacious treatment modalities currently available. In recent times, compelling evidence has emerged regarding the intricate correlation between the kidney and the gut microbiota, which is considered the largest immune organ within the human physique. Various investigations have demonstrated that the perturbation of the gut microbiota and its associated metabolites potentially underlie the etiology and progression of DKD. This phenomenon may transpire through perturbation of both the innate and the adaptive immunity, leading to a burdensome allostatic load on the body and ultimately culminating in the development of DKD. Within this literature review, we aim to delve into the intricate interplay between the gut microbiota, its metabolites, and the immune system in the context of DKD. Furthermore, we strive to explore and elucidate potential chemical interventions that could hold promise for the treatment of DKD, thereby offering invaluable insights and directions for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhen Han
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Juan Zheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Xuan Du
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Yu Zhu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yao Xian Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Wang L, Chen Z, Liu X, Wang L, Zhou Y, Huang J, Liu Z, Lin D, Liu L. GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Improves Mitochondrial Energy Status and Attenuates Nephrotoxicity In Vivo and In Vitro. Metabolites 2023; 13:1121. [PMID: 37999218 PMCID: PMC10672795 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
High-sugar and high-fat diets cause significant harm to health, especially via metabolic diseases. In this study, the protective effects of the antidiabetic drug exenatide (synthetic exendin-4), a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, on high-fat and high-glucose (HFHG)-induced renal injuries were investigated in vivo and in vitro. In vivo and in vitro renal injury models were established. Metabolomic analysis based on 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance was performed to examine whether exenatide treatment exerts a protective effect against kidney injury in diabetic rats and to explore its potential molecular mechanism. In vivo, 8 weeks of exenatide treatment resulted in the regulation of most metabolites in the diabetes mellitus group. In vitro results showed that exendin-4 restored the mitochondrial functions of mesangial cells, which were perturbed by HFHG. The effects of exendin-4 included the improved antioxidant capacity of mesangial cells, increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and reduced protein expression of cyt-c and caspase-3 activation. In addition, exendin-4 restored mesangial cell energy metabolism by increasing succinate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase activities and glucose consumption while inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 activity. In conclusion, GLP-1 agonists improve renal injury in diabetic rats by ameliorating metabolic disorders. This mechanism could be partially related to mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China;
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Jingze Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Z.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Z.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Libin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China; (L.W.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.H.)
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Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Botoc T, Floria M, Tarniceriu CC, Maranduca MA, Haisan A, Cucu AI, Rezus C, Costea CF. Depiction of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) in Diabetes with a Focus on Diabetic Microvascular Complications. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6053. [PMID: 37762992 PMCID: PMC10531730 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) still holds the title as one of the most debilitating chronic diseases with rising prevalence and incidence, including its complications such as retinal, renal, and peripheral nerve disease. In order to develop novel molecules for diagnosis and treatment, a deep understanding of the complex molecular pathways is imperative. Currently, the existing agents for T2DM treatment target only blood glucose levels. Over the past decades, specific building blocks of proteins-branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) including leucine, isoleucine, and valine-have gained attention because they are linked with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and diabetes development. In this review, we discuss the hypothetical link between BCAA metabolism, insulin resistance, T2DM, and its microvascular complications including diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy. Further research on these amino acids and their derivates may eventually pave the way to novel biomarkers or therapeutic concepts for the treatment of diabetes and its accompanied complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Tina Botoc
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (T.B.); (C.F.C.)
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Maranduca
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Haisan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Emergency Department, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Ionut Cucu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ștefan cel Mare” University, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Rezus
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (T.B.); (C.F.C.)
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
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Liu L, Xu J, Zhang Z, Ren D, Wu Y, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Chen Q, Wang T. Metabolic Homeostasis of Amino Acids and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010184. [PMID: 36615841 PMCID: PMC9823842 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) occurs in 25-40% of patients with diabetes. Individuals with DKD are at a significant risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease morbidity and mortality. At present, although renal function-decline can be retarded by intensive glucose lowering and strict blood pressure control, these current treatments have shown no beneficial impact on preventing progression to kidney failure. Recently, in addition to control of blood sugar and pressure, a dietary approach has been recommended for management of DKD. Amino acids (AAs) are both biomarkers and causal factors of DKD progression. AA homeostasis contributes to renal hemodynamic response and glomerular hyperfiltration alteration in diabetic patients. This review discusses the links between progressive kidney dysfunction and the metabolic homeostasis of histidine, tryptophan, methionine, glutamine, tyrosine, and branched-chain AAs. In addition, we emphasize the regulation effects of special metabolites on DKD progression, with a focus on causality and potential mechanisms. This paper may offer an optimized protein diet strategy with concomitant management of AA homeostasis to reduce the risks of DKD in a setting of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingge Xu
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Dongwen Ren
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuzheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shuwu Zhao
- School of Intergrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (T.W.); Tel.: +86-22-59596164 (Q.C.); +86-22-59596185 (T.W.)
| | - Tao Wang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (T.W.); Tel.: +86-22-59596164 (Q.C.); +86-22-59596185 (T.W.)
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Melena I, Piani F, Tommerdahl KL, Severn C, Chung LT, MacDonald A, Vinovskis C, Cherney D, Pyle L, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Lanaspa MA, Rewers A, van Raalte DH, Cara-Fuentes G, Parikh CR, Nelson RG, Pavkov ME, Nadeau KJ, Johnson RJ, Bjornstad P. Aminoaciduria and metabolic dysregulation during diabetic ketoacidosis: Results from the diabetic kidney alarm (DKA) study. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108203. [PMID: 35523653 PMCID: PMC9119939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined changes in the excretion of various amino acids and in glycolysis and ketogenesis-related metabolites, during and after diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) diagnosis, in youth with known or new onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Urine samples were collected from 40 youth with DKA (52% boys, mean age 11 ± 4 years, venous pH 7.2 ± 0.1, blood glucose 451 ± 163 mg/dL) at 3 time points: 0-8 h and 12-24 h after starting an insulin infusion, and 3 months after hospital discharge. Mixed-effects models evaluated the changes in amino acids and other metabolites in the urine. RESULTS Concentrations of urine histidine, threonine, tryptophan, and leucine per creatinine were highest at 0-8 h (148.8 ± 23.5, 59.5 ± 12.3, 15.4 ± 1.4, and 24.5 ± 2.4% of urine creatinine, respectively), and significantly decreased over 3 months (p = 0.028, p = 0.027, p = 0.019, and p < 0.0001, respectively). Urine histidine, threonine, tryptophan, and leucine per urine creatinine decreased by 10.6 ± 19.2, 0.7 ± 0.9, 1.3 ± 0.9, and 0.5 ± 0.3-fold, respectively, between 0 and 8 h and 3 months. CONCLUSIONS In our study, DKA was associated with profound aminoaciduria, suggestive of proximal tubular dysfunction analogous to Fanconi syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Melena
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Federica Piani
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kalie L Tommerdahl
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cameron Severn
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, CO, USA
| | - Linh T Chung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexis MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carissa Vinovskis
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David Cherney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, CO, USA
| | - Carlos A Roncal-Jimenez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Arleta Rewers
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniël H van Raalte
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Cara-Fuentes
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chirag R Parikh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert G Nelson
- Chronic Kidney Disease Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, NIDDK, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Meda E Pavkov
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Hu W, Yang P, Fu Z, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Ye Z, Gong Y, Huang A, Sun L, Zhao Y, Yang T, Li Z, Jiang XC, Yu W, Zhou H. High L-Valine Concentrations Associate with Increased Oxidative Stress and Newly-Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:499-509. [PMID: 35221701 PMCID: PMC8865866 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s336736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential AAs which are widely used as antioxidants in patients with liver and kidney dysfunction. However, BCAAs are strongly correlated with insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship among BCAAs, oxidative stress, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a Chinese population. METHODS Anthropometric and biochemical examinations were performed in 816 individuals who participated in the Huai'an Diabetes Prevention Program. Serum BCAAs concentrations were measured by hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method. Oxidative stress was evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index of lipid peroxidation and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. RESULTS A total of 816 participants were divided into three groups: normal glucose metabolism (NGM), prediabetes, and newly-diagnosed diabetes mellitus (NDM). Subjects in NDM group show higher MDA and lower SOD levels than subjects in other groups. L-Val levels positively correlated with MDA levels and negatively with SOD in NDM groups. After adjusting for T2DM risk factors, high L-Val levels were significantly associated with higher BMI, WC, FPG, increased LnTG and decreased HDL-C. L-Val was also independently associated with NDM (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10; P = 0.005). Furthermore, the odds ratios for NDM among participants with high L-Val (≥35.25μg/mL) levels showed a 2.25-fold (95% CI 1.11-4.57; P = 0.024) increase compared to participants with low L-Val (<27.26 μg/mL) levels after adjusting for MDA and confounding factors. CONCLUSION High serum L-Val levels are independently associated with oxidative stress, thus promoting IR and NDM. Further study should be done to clarify the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Huai’an, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Huai’an, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengqin Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingyun Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aijie Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luning Sun
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Weinan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Huai’an, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Weinan Yu, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, 223001, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Hongwen Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hongwen Zhou, Department of endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People’s Republic of China, Tel +862583718836-6893, Fax +862583781781, Email
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Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in kidney disease. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 105:141-212. [PMID: 34809827 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc and calcium endopeptidases which cleave extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. They are also involved in the degradation of cell surface components and regulate multiple cellular processes, cell to cell interactions, cell proliferation, and cell signaling pathways. MMPs function in close interaction with the endogenous tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), both of which regulate cell turnover, modulate various growth factors, and participate in the progression of tissue fibrosis and apoptosis. The multiple roles of MMPs and TIMPs are continuously elucidated in kidney development and repair, as well as in a number of kidney diseases. This chapter focuses on the current findings of the significance of MMPs and TIMPs in a wide range of kidney diseases, whether they result from kidney tissue changes, hemodynamic alterations, tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, inflammation, or fibrosis. In addition, the potential use of these endopeptidases as biomarkers of renal dysfunction and as targets for therapeutic interventions to attenuate kidney disease are also explored in this review.
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Asghari G, Teymoori F, Farhadnejad H, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Dietary Amino Acid Patterns Are Associated With Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr 2021; 32:312-318. [PMID: 34053818 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES No findings are available regarding the association of the dietary amino acid (AA) intakes with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults. We aimed to assess the association between dietary AA patterns and incidence of CKD in adults. DESIGN AND METHODS This study was conducted within the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study on 4,233 adults, who were free of CKD at baseline (2009-2011) and were followed for 3.1 years (2011-2014). The principal component analysis was used based on 8 AA groups to characterize major AA patterns. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of CKD across quartiles of dietary AA pattern scores. RESULTS Three major AA patterns were extracted: (1) higher loads of branched-chain, alcoholic, and aromatic AAs; (2) higher loads of acidic AAs, proline, and lower load of alkaline AAs and small AAs; and (3) higher loads of sulfuric AAs and small AAs. The mean ± standard deviation age of participants (45.9% male) was 39.4 ± 11.7 at baseline and the incidence of CKD was 12.1% (513 cases) after 3.1 years of follow-up. The highest score of first dietary AA pattern tended to be associated with an increased risk of CKD (odds ratio = 1.43, 95% confidence interval1.06-1.93); however, the second pattern was related to a decreased risk of CKD (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.52-0.97) in the multivariable model. CONCLUSION These novel findings suggest that the dietary AA patterns may modify risk of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golaleh Asghari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Fang Q, Liu N, Zheng B, Guo F, Zeng X, Huang X, Ouyang D. Roles of Gut Microbial Metabolites in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:636175. [PMID: 34093430 PMCID: PMC8173181 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.636175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a highly prevalent metabolic disease that has emerged as a global challenge due to its increasing prevalence and lack of sustainable treatment. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is one of the most frequent and severe microvascular complications of diabetes, is difficult to treat with contemporary glucose-lowering medications. The gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and disease, and its metabolites have both beneficial and harmful effects on vital physiological processes. In this review, we summarize the current findings regarding the role of gut microbial metabolites in the development and progression of DKD, which will help us better understand the possible mechanisms of DKD and explore potential therapeutic approaches for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Binjie Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Xiangchang Zeng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Dongsheng Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
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12
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Gao X, Hou R, Li X, Qiu XH, Luo HH, Liu SL, Fang ZZ. The Association Between Leucine and Diabetic Nephropathy in Different Gender: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:619422. [PMID: 33633688 PMCID: PMC7900620 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.619422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate how leucine are associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and the gender difference of this association. METHODS We retrieved 1,031 consecutive patients with T2D who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria from the same tertiary care center and extracted clinical information from electronic medical record. Plasma leucine was measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was conducted to examine potential non-linear relationship between leucine and the risk of DN. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI). Additive interaction was used to estimate the interaction effect between leucine and gender for DN. RESULTS We found there was a negative correlation between leucine and the risk of DN. After stratifying all patients by gender, this relationship only remained significant in women (OR:0.57, CI:0.41-0.79). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, T2D patients with high levels of leucine have a lower risk of developing DN in female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Gao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiqin Hou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing-Hua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Huan Luo
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng-Lin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Center of Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng-Lin Liu, ; Zhong-Ze Fang,
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng-Lin Liu, ; Zhong-Ze Fang,
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Zhang X, Liu D, He Y, Lou K, Zheng D, Han W. Branched Chain Amino Acids Protects Rat Mesangial Cells from High Glucose by Modulating TGF-β1 and BMP-7. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2433-2440. [PMID: 31819569 PMCID: PMC6888225 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s221642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been reported owning curative effects in early diabetic nephropathy. However, the mechanisms of its action have not been elucidated. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of possible mechanism(s) of BCAAs on cultured rat mesangial cells (RMCs). METHODS RMCs were treated with high glucose (30 mmol/L) and BCAAs (10 mmol/L) respectively. Cell proliferation was detected using an MTT assay. Expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and gremlin mRNA was detected by semiquantitative reverse-transcription (RT) PCR. TGF-β1 and fibronectin (FN) protein levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Gremlin, bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-7, and Smad2/3 proteins were detected by immunofluorescence. Smad1/5/8 and phosphorylated (p)-Smad1/5/8 were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The proliferation rate of the RMCs in the high glucose group alone was 1.45-times of cells in the CON group, and it was reduced by 32% upon co-treatment with BCAAs. The expression of TGF-β1, gremlin, p-Smd2/3 and FN mRNA or protein in the HG group was higher than that in the CON group. In the BCAAs group, the corresponding levels were lower than that in HG group. The expression of BMP-7 and p-Smad1/5/8 were significantly lower in the HG group than in the CON group. Moreover, the expression of BMP-7 and p-Smad1/5/8 were higher in the BCAAs group than in the HG group. CONCLUSION BCAAs showed an antidiabetic effect via reducing TGF-β1-Smad2/3 pathway and Gremlin expression and upregulating BMP-7-Smad1/5/8 pathway in rat mesangial cells, consequently lessening ECM deposition in renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong He
- School of Management, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Lou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dongmei Zheng; Wenxia Han Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jing 5 Road, Jinan, Shandong Province250021, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 531 6877 6375 Email ;
| | - Wenxia Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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He J, Gao HX, Yang N, Zhu XD, Sun RB, Xie Y, Zeng CH, Zhang JW, Wang JK, Ding F, Aa JY, Wang GJ. The aldose reductase inhibitor epalrestat exerts nephritic protection on diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice through metabolic modulation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:86-97. [PMID: 29930278 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epalrestat is an inhibitor of aldose reductase in the polyol pathway and is used for the management of diabetic neuropathy clinically. Our pilot experiments and accumulated evidences showed that epalrestat inhibited polyol pathway and reduced sorbitol production, and suggested the potential renal protection effects of epalrestat on diabetic nephropathy (DN). To evaluate the protective effect of epalrestat, the db/db mice were used and exposed to epalrestat for 8 weeks, both the physiopathological condition and function of kidney were examined. For the first time, we showed that epalrestat markedly reduced albuminuria and alleviated the podocyte foot process fusion and interstitial fibrosis of db/db mice. Metabolomics was employed, and metabolites in the plasma, renal cortex, and urine were profiled using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based metabolomic platform. We observed an elevation of sorbitol and fructose, and a decrease of myo-inositol in the renal cortex of db/db mice. Epalrestat reversed the renal accumulation of the polyol pathway metabolites of sorbitol and fructose, and increased myo-inositol level. Moreover, the upregulation of aldose reductase, fibronectin, collagen III, and TGF-β1 in renal cortex of db/db mice was downregulated by epalrestat. The data suggested that epalrestat has protective effects on DN, and the inhibition of aldose reductase and the modulation of polyol pathway in nephritic cells be a potentially therapeutic strategy for DN.
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Brunetta HS, de Camargo CQ, Nunes EA. Does l-leucine supplementation cause any effect on glucose homeostasis in rodent models of glucose intolerance? A systematic review. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1663-1678. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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