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Paniri A, Hosseini MM, Amjadi-Moheb F, Tabaripour R, Soleimani E, Langroudi MP, Zafari P, Akhavan-Niaki H. The epigenetics orchestra of Notch signaling: a symphony for cancer therapy. Epigenomics 2023; 15:1337-1358. [PMID: 38112013 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant regulation of the Notch signaling pathway, which is a fundamental developmental pathway, has been implicated in a wide range of human cancers. The Notch pathway can be activated by both canonical and noncanonical Notch ligands, and its role can switch between acting as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor depending on the context. Epigenetic modifications have the potential to modulate Notch and its ligands, thereby influencing Notch signal transduction. Consequently, the utilization of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms may present novel therapeutic opportunities for both single and combined therapeutics targeted at the Notch signaling pathway. This review offers insights into the mechanisms governing the regulation of Notch signaling and explores their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Paniri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 4717647745,Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 4619332976, Amol, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Amjadi-Moheb
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 4717647745,Iran
| | - Reza Tabaripour
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, 4747137381, Iran
| | - Elnaz Soleimani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 4717647745,Iran
| | | | - Parisa Zafari
- Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, 4691786953, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 4717647745,Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 4619332976, Amol, Iran
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Nigam K, Srivastav RK. Notch signaling in oral pre-cancer and oral cancer. Med Oncol 2021; 38:139. [PMID: 34633549 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling involves cell to cell contact. It is an ancient signaling mechanism that is conserved throughout the animal kingdom. The basic function of Notch signaling is to decide cell fate and execute asymmetrical division. Notch signaling is indispensable for embryo growth. Aberrant Notch signaling involves in cancer progression by altering cell proliferation rate, tumor micro-environment, stem cell activities. The role of Notch signaling in cancer progression is context-dependent. In breast cancer and T cell lymphoma Notch signaling is highly active, whereas in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as oral and skin cancer, the signaling is suppressed. It is believed that in SCC, Notch-mediated tumor growth is due to the cell non-autonomous function. Oral cancer is the 6th most risky cancer worldwide. In many patients, oral cancer is preceded by pre-cancer conditions. In this review, we have summarized the research knowledge related to the role of Notch signaling in oral cancer and pre-cancer conditions and the therapeutic options available targeting different components of Notch pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Nigam
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratnesh Kumar Srivastav
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India.
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Lee H. Rapid Way to Generate Mouse Models for In Vivo Studies of the Endothelium. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 10:24-41. [PMID: 33537251 PMCID: PMC7838514 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A single layer of squamous endothelial cells (ECs), the endothelium, regulates the flow of substance and fluid into and out of a tissue. The endothelium is also involved in vasculogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, which is a crucial process for organ development in the embryo and fetus. Because most murine mutations of genes involved in EC development cause early embryo lethality, EC-specific conditional knockout (cKO) mouse models are indispensable for in vivo studies. cKO mice including the floxed allele can be generated through advanced approaches including embryonic stem cell-mediated gene targeting or the CRISPR/Cas system. EC-specific mouse models can be generated through further breeding of floxed mice with a Cre driver line, the latest information of which is available in the Jackson Cre Repository or the EUCOMMTOOLS project. Because it takes a long time (generally 1-2 years) to generate EC-specific mouse models, researchers must thoroughly design and plan a breeding strategy before full-scale mouse experiments, which saves time and money for in vivo study. In summary, revolutionary technical advances in embryo manipulation and assisted reproduction technologies have made it easier to generate EC-specific mouse models, which have been used as essential resources for in vivo studies of the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Hu M, Cherkaoui I, Misra S, Rutter GA. Functional Genomics in Pancreatic β Cells: Recent Advances in Gene Deletion and Genome Editing Technologies for Diabetes Research. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:576632. [PMID: 33162936 PMCID: PMC7580382 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.576632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inheritance of variants that lead to coding changes in, or the mis-expression of, genes critical to pancreatic beta cell function can lead to alterations in insulin secretion and increase the risk of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Recently developed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing tools provide a powerful means of understanding the impact of identified variants on cell function, growth, and survival and might ultimately provide a means, most likely after the transplantation of genetically "corrected" cells, of treating the disease. Here, we review some of the disease-associated genes and variants whose roles have been probed up to now. Next, we survey recent exciting developments in CRISPR/Cas9 technology and their possible exploitation for β cell functional genomics. Finally, we will provide a perspective as to how CRISPR/Cas9 technology may find clinical application in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Cherkaoui
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shivani Misra
- Metabolic Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Akita H, Yoshie S, Ishida T, Takeishi Y, Hazama A. Negative chronotropic and inotropic effects of lubiprostone on iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes via activation of CFTR. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:118. [PMID: 32306956 PMCID: PMC7169008 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lubiprostone (LBP) is a novel chloride channel opener that has been reported to activate chloride channel protein 2 (ClC-2) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). LBP facilitates fluid secretion by activating CFTR in the intestine and is used as a drug for treating chronic constipation. While ClC-2 and CFTR expression has been confirmed in cardiomyocytes (CMs), the effect of LBP on CMs has not yet been investigated. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of LBP on CMs using mouse-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived CMs (iPS-CMs). Methods We induced mouse iPS cells into CMs through embryoid body (EB) formation. We compared the differentiated cells to CMs isolated from adult and fetal mice using gene expression, spontaneous beating rate, and contraction ratio analyses. Results Gene expression analysis revealed that, in the iPS-CMs, the mRNA expression of the undifferentiated cell markers Rex1 and Nanog decreased, whereas the expression of the unique cardiomyocyte markers cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTNT), increased. Immunostaining showed that the localization of cTnI and connexin-43 in the iPS-CMs was similar to that in the primary fetal CMs (FCMs) and adult CMs (ACMs). LBP decreased the spontaneous beating rate of the iPS-CMs and FCMs, and decreased the contraction ratio of the iPS-CMs and ACMs. The reduction in the beating rate and contraction ratio caused by LBP was inhibited by glycine hydrazide (GlyH), which is a CFTR inhibitor. Conclusion These results suggest that LBP stimulates CFTR in CMs and that LBP has negative chronotropic and inotropic effects on CMs. LBP may be useful for treating cardiac diseases such as heart failure, ischemia, and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Akita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Susumu Yoshie
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hazama
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan.
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Jiang C, Meng L, Yang B, Luo X. Application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique in the study of cancer treatment. Clin Genet 2019; 97:73-88. [PMID: 31231788 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, gene editing, especially that using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9, has made great progress in the field of gene function. Rapid development of gene editing techniques has contributed to their significance in the field of medicine. Because the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool is not only powerful but also has features such as strong specificity and high efficiency, it can accurately and rapidly screen the whole genome, facilitating the administration of gene therapy for specific diseases. In the field of tumor research, CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to edit genomes to explore the mechanisms of tumor occurrence, development, and metastasis. In these years, this system has been increasingly applied in tumor treatment research. CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to treat tumors by repairing mutations or knocking out specific genes. To date, numerous preliminary studies have been conducted on tumor treatment in related fields. CRISPR/Cas9 holds great promise for gene-level tumor treatment. Personalized and targeted therapy based on CRISPR/Cas9 will possibly shape the development of tumor therapy in the future. In this study, we review the findings of CRISPR/Cas9 for tumor treatment research to provide references for related future studies on the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxiang Meng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Anorectal Surgery Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjun Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of PingLiang City, Second Affiliated Hospital of Gansu Medical College, PingLiang, People's Republic of China
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Porcheri C, Meisel CT, Mitsiadis T. Multifactorial Contribution of Notch Signaling in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1520. [PMID: 30917608 PMCID: PMC6471940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) defines a group of solid tumors originating from the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract, pharynx, larynx, mouth, and nasal cavity. It has a metastatic evolution and poor prognosis and is the sixth most common cancer in the world, with 600,000 new cases reported every year. HNSCC heterogeneity and complexity is reflected in a multistep progression, involving crosstalk between several molecular pathways. The Notch pathway is associated with major events supporting cancerogenic evolution: cell proliferation, self-renewal, angiogenesis, and preservation of a pro-oncogenic microenvironment. Additionally, Notch is pivotal in tumor development and plays a dual role acting as both oncogene and tumor suppressor. In this review, we summarize the role of the Notch pathway in HNSCC, with a special focus on its compelling role in major events of tumor initiation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Porcheri
- University of Zurich, Institute of Oral Biology, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Thomas Meisel
- University of Zurich, Institute of Oral Biology, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thimios Mitsiadis
- University of Zurich, Institute of Oral Biology, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Liu Y, Du Y, Xie W, Zhang F, Forrest D, Liu C. Generation of Conditional Knockout Mice by Sequential Insertion of Two loxP Sites In Cis Using CRISPR/Cas9 and Single-Stranded DNA Oligonucleotides. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1874:191-210. [PMID: 30353515 PMCID: PMC7354058 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8831-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Conditional knockout (cKO) mice are extremely valuable for biomedical research because they enable detailed analyses of gene functions in a tissue- or temporally-specific fashion. The conventional method for generating cKO mice is time consuming and labor intensive, which involves making a large gene-targeting construct, transfecting and screening many embryonic stem (ES) cell clones, injecting positive ES clones into blastocysts to produce chimeric mice, and breeding the chimeras to transmit the targeted gene through the germline. Recently developed CRISPR technology has revolutionized the way genetically engineered organisms are created. Knockout and knockin mice can now be made by directly injecting zygotes with Cas9, sgRNA, and donor DNA. In theory, cKO mice can be generated by simultaneously inserting two loxP sites using two sgRNAs and two oligonucleotides as donors, but in practice the probability of obtaining cKO mice in one step is still very low, partly because the efficiency of oligo-mediated knockin is much lower than non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and partly because co-cutting juxtaposed sites in one allele at the same time often leads to the deletion of the entire fragment between the two cutting sites. Therefore, many laboratories prefer to insert the two loxP sites sequentially, i.e., generating mice with one loxP first and then use embryos collected from these mice to insert the second loxP site. In this chapter, we describe our procedures and timeline using this sequential method to make a Six6 cKO mouse line as a demonstration of its feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yubin Du
- Transgenic Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen Xie
- Transgenic Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Transgenic Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core Facility, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Loss of Notch1 predisposes oro-esophageal epithelium to tumorigenesis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 372:129-140. [PMID: 30266659 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling functions in diverse developmental and homeostatic processes, including stem cell self-renewal and cell fate determination. Notch1-inactivating mutations are frequently detected in skin and oro-esophageal cancers, suggesting a role for Notch1 as a tumor suppressor. Here, we clarify the contribution of Notch1 deficiency to oro-esophageal tumorigenesis using a physiological experimental model. Tongue and esophageal tumors induced in mice by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) showed pathophysiological similarities to human tumors, including decreased Notch1 expression in the basal cells. We created mutant mice (N1cKO), in which the Notch1 gene was disrupted specifically in the squamous epithelium. The epithelium formed normally in N1cKO mice, and although multiple skin tumors were detected at 65 weeks, no tumors developed in the tongue and esophagus. However, 4-NQO-induced tumorigenesis assays revealed that tumor onset occurred earlier in N1cKO mice than in wild-type littermates, and the tumors arose preferentially from the Notch1-negative epithelium, indicating the tumor susceptibility of Notch1-deficient epithelium. Notch1 regulates the expression of TERT, and age-related telomere erosion was more rapid in Notch1-deficient basal cells. Our results indicated that although Notch1 deficiency had little effect on squamous epithelium formation, it predisposed the affected epithelium to tumor development, at least in part through accelerated telomere erosion.
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Abstract
Prokaryotic type II adaptive immune systems have been developed into the versatile CRISPR technology, which has been widely applied in site-specific genome editing and has revolutionized biomedical research due to its superior efficiency and flexibility. Recent studies have greatly diversified CRISPR technologies by coupling it with various DNA repair mechanisms and targeting strategies. These new advances have significantly expanded the generation of genetically modified animal models, either by including species in which targeted genetic modification could not be achieved previously, or through introducing complex genetic modifications that take multiple steps and cost years to achieve using traditional methods. Herein, we review the recent developments and applications of CRISPR-based technology in generating various animal models, and discuss the everlasting impact of this new progress on biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Avery Sum-Yu Wong
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hei-Yin Tam
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Samuel Yung-Kin Tsui
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Dittman Lai-Shun Chung
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Bo Feng
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Guangdong 510530, China.,SBS Core Laboratory, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen Guangdong 518057, China
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Guichard SM. CRISPR–Cas9 for Drug Discovery in Oncology. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sakamoto K. Notch signaling in oral squamous neoplasia. Pathol Int 2016; 66:609-617. [PMID: 27671927 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is involved in cell-cell communication. It is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism and plays a fundamental role in development. The typical function of Notch signaling is the regulation of cell fate segregation at asymmetric division; however, a role in tumorigenesis has also been suggested. Inactivating mutations of NOTCH1 are present in about 10 % of cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, oral cavity, esophagus, and lung, rendering it one of the most frequently mutated genes in squamous cell carcinoma. Mouse knockout studies have demonstrated that Notch1 is imperative for early development but is dispensable for formation of the squamous epithelium. However, loss of Notch signaling predisposes the epidermis to hyperplasia and increases tumor incidence. This tumor-inducing effect resulting from the loss of Notch signaling is associated with non-cell-autonomous effects that are elicited by subtle alteration of epithelial cell features, generating a wound-like microenvironment in the underlying stroma. We found that Notch1 was expressed specifically in the basal cells of the oral squamous epithelium. In cancer and oral epithelial dysplasia, it was significantly downregulated, suggesting that reduced Notch activity plays a distinct role in oral neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kato T, Takada S. In vivoandin vitrodisease modeling with CRISPR/Cas9. Brief Funct Genomics 2016; 16:13-24. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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