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Guo Q, Yu W, Tan J, Zhang J, Chen J, Rao S, Guo X, Cai K. Remodelin delays non-small cell lung cancer progression by inhibiting NAT10 via the EMT pathway. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7283. [PMID: 38826095 PMCID: PMC11145023 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer remains the foremost reason of cancer-related mortality, with invasion and metastasis profoundly influencing patient prognosis. N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) catalyzes the exclusive N (4)-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification in eukaryotic RNA. NAT10 dysregulation is linked to various diseases, yet its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) invasion and metastasis remains unclear. Our study delves into the clinical significance and functional aspects of NAT10 in NSCLC. METHODS We investigated NAT10's clinical relevance using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and a group of 98 NSCLC patients. Employing WB, qRT-PCR, and IHC analyses, we assessed NAT10 expression in NSCLC tissues, bronchial epithelial cells (BECs), NSCLC cell lines, and mouse xenografts. Further, knockdown and overexpression techniques (siRNA, shRNA, and plasmid) were employed to evaluate NAT10's effects. A series of assays were carried out, including CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assays, to elucidate NAT10's role in proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Additionally, we utilized lung cancer patient-derived 3D organoids, mouse xenograft models, and Remodelin (NAT10 inhibitor) to corroborate these findings. RESULTS Our investigations revealed high NAT10 expression in NSCLC tissues, cell lines and mouse xenograft models. High NAT10 level correlated with advanced T stage, lymph node metastasis and poor overall survive. NAT10 knockdown curtailed proliferation, invasion, and migration, whereas NAT10 overexpression yielded contrary effects. Furthermore, diminished NAT10 levels correlated with increased E-cadherin level whereas decreased N-cadherin and vimentin expressions, while heightened NAT10 expression displayed contrasting results. Notably, Remodelin efficiently attenuated NSCLC proliferation, invasion, and migration by inhibiting NAT10 through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our data underscore NAT10 as a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC, presenting avenues for targeted intervention against lung cancer through NAT10 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanwei Guo
- The First School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Weijun Yu
- Bao'an District Hospital for Chronic Diseases Prevention and CureShenzhenChina
| | - Jianfeng Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Jin Chen
- Science and Education Department, Shenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Shuan Rao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xia Guo
- Center for Clinical Research and Innovation, Shenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral OncologyShenzhenChina
| | - Kaican Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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2
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Yang T, Gou H, Lin T, Yang Y, Jin X, Dong T, Zhang Y, Chen X. Fisetin nanoparticles based on cells cycle and apoptosis intervention for the treatment of lymphoma and leukemia. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123971. [PMID: 38452832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Lymphoma and leukemia are both hematological system tumors with complex etiology, and mainly treated with chemotherapeutic drugs. However, therapeutic drugs can interrupt curative effect due to different side effects. Therefore, it is worthwhile to develop a novel therapeutic for providing insights for clinical tumor treatment. In this study, we developed a fisetin nanoparticles (Fisetin NPs) through a self-assembled method, and investigated the activity and potential mechanism of Fisetin NPs against lymphoma and leukemia. The spherical and uniformly distributed Fisetin NPs effectively inhibited both tumor cells proliferation, arrested EL4 cells G0/G1 phase and K562 cells G2/M phase, and induced apoptosis in vitro. In vivo, Fisetin NPs exhibited excellent tumor growth inhibition, effective inhibition of cell proliferation and angiogenesis, significant induction of apoptosis and ideal safety. Mechanically, fisetin upregulated genes (Fas, Pidd, Puma, Apaf1, and p21) in the p53 signaling pathway and bound to N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), ribosomal protein L34 (RPL34) and GTP binding protein 4 (GTPBP4). Collectively, Fisetin NPs have promising therapeutic effects on lymphoma and leukemia, which are of great significant for clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongfeng Gou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuelian Jin
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tian Dong
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xinchuan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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3
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Dalhat MH, Narayan S, Serio H, Arango D. Dissecting the oncogenic properties of essential RNA-modifying enzymes: a focus on NAT10. Oncogene 2024; 43:1077-1086. [PMID: 38409550 PMCID: PMC11092965 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Chemical modifications of ribonucleotides significantly alter the physicochemical properties and functions of RNA. Initially perceived as static and essential marks in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA), recent discoveries unveiled a dynamic landscape of RNA modifications in messenger RNA (mRNA) and other regulatory RNAs. These findings spurred extensive efforts to map the distribution and function of RNA modifications, aiming to elucidate their distribution and functional significance in normal cellular homeostasis and pathological states. Significant dysregulation of RNA modifications is extensively documented in cancers, accentuating the potential of RNA-modifying enzymes as therapeutic targets. However, the essential role of several RNA-modifying enzymes in normal physiological functions raises concerns about potential side effects. A notable example is N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), which is responsible for acetylating cytidines in RNA. While emerging evidence positions NAT10 as an oncogenic factor and a potential target in various cancer types, its essential role in normal cellular processes complicates the development of targeted therapies. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the essential and oncogenic properties of NAT10. We discuss its crucial role in normal cell biology and aging alongside its contribution to cancer development and progression. We advocate for agnostic approaches to disentangling the intertwined essential and oncogenic functions of RNA-modifying enzymes. Such approaches are crucial for understanding the full spectrum of RNA-modifying enzymes and imperative for designing effective and safe therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood H Dalhat
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharath Narayan
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hannah Serio
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Arango
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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4
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Kołacz K, Robaszkiewicz A. PARP1 at the crossroad of cellular senescence and nucleolar processes. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102206. [PMID: 38278370 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Senescent cells that occur in response to telomere shortening, oncogenes, extracellular and intracellular stress factors are characterized by permanent cell cycle arrest, the morphological and structural changes of the cell that include the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and nucleoli rearrangement. The associated DNA lesions induce DNA damage response (DDR), which activates the DNA repair protein - poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). This protein consumes NAD+ to synthesize ADP-ribose polymer (PAR) on its own protein chain and on other interacting proteins. The involvement of PARP1 in nucleoli processes, such as rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis, the maintenance of heterochromatin and nucleoli structure, as well as controlling the crucial DDR protein release from the nucleoli to nucleus, links PARP1 with cellular senescence and nucleoli functioning. In this review we describe and discuss the impact of PARP1-mediated ADP-ribosylation on early cell commitment to senescence with the possible role of senescence-induced PARP1 transcriptional repression and protein degradation on nucleoli structure and function. The cause-effect interplay between PARP1 activation/decline and nucleoli functioning during senescence needs to be studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Kołacz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 /16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Robaszkiewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), 600 5th Street South, St. Petersburgh, FL 33701, USA.
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5
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Amin R, Ha NH, Qiu T, Holewinski R, Lam KC, Lopès A, Liu H, Tran AD, Lee MP, Gamage ST, Andresson T, Goldszmid RS, Meier JL, Hunter KW. Loss of NAT10 disrupts enhancer organization via p300 mislocalization and suppresses transcription of genes necessary for metastasis progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.24.577116. [PMID: 38410432 PMCID: PMC10896336 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.577116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Acetylation of protein and RNA represent a critical event for development and cancer progression. NAT10 is the only known RNA acetylase that catalyzes the N4-actylcytidine (ac4C) modification of RNAs. Here, we show that the loss of NAT10 significantly decreases lung metastasis in allograft and genetically engineered mouse models of breast cancer. NAT10 interacts with a mechanosensitive, metastasis susceptibility protein complex at the nuclear pore. In addition to its canonical role in RNA acetylation, we find that NAT10 interacts with p300 at gene enhancers. NAT10 loss is associated with p300 mislocalization into heterochromatin regions. NAT10 depletion disrupts enhancer organization, leading to alteration of gene transcription necessary for metastatic progression, including reduced myeloid cell-recruiting chemokines that results in a less metastasis-prone tumor microenvironment. Our study uncovers a distinct role of NAT10 in enhancer organization of metastatic tumor cells and suggests its involvement in the tumor-immune crosstalk dictating metastatic outcomes.
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6
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Zhang Y, Lei Y, Dong Y, Chen S, Sun S, Zhou F, Zhao Z, Chen B, Wei L, Chen J, Meng Z. Emerging roles of RNA ac4C modification and NAT10 in mammalian development and human diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 253:108576. [PMID: 38065232 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
RNA ac4C modification is a novel and rare chemical modification observed in mRNA. Traditional biochemical studies had primarily associated ac4C modification with tRNA and rRNA until in 2018, Arango D et al. first reported the presence of ac4C modification on mRNA and demonstrated its critical role in mRNA stability and translation regulation. Furthermore, they established that the ac4C modification on mRNA is mediated by the classical N-acetyltransferase NAT10. Subsequent studies have underscored the essential implications of NAT10 and mRNA ac4C modification across both physiological and pathological regulatory processes. In this review, we aimed to explore the discovery history of RNA ac4C modification, its detection methods, and its regulatory mechanisms in disease and physiological development. We offer a forward-looking examination and discourse concerning the employment of RNA ac4C modification as a prospective therapeutic strategy across diverse diseases. Furthermore, we comprehensively summarize the functions and mechanisms of NAT10 in gene expression regulation and pathogenesis independent of RNA ac4C modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Regulatory Mechanism and Targeted Therapy for Liver Cancer Shiyan Key Laboratory, Hubei rovincial Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Yumei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fange Zhou
- The First Clinical School of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lv Wei
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongji Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Regulatory Mechanism and Targeted Therapy for Liver Cancer Shiyan Key Laboratory, Hubei rovincial Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China.
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7
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Rodrigues P, Bangali H, Ali E, Nauryzbaevish AS, Hjazi A, Fenjan MN, Alawadi A, Alsaalamy A, Alasheqi MQ, Mustafa YF. The mechanistic role of NAT10 in cancer: Unraveling the enigmatic web of oncogenic signaling. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154990. [PMID: 38056132 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), a versatile enzyme, has gained considerable attention as a significant player in the complex realm of cancer biology. Its enigmatic role in tumorigenesis extends across a wide array of cellular processes, impacting cell growth, differentiation, survival, and genomic stability. Within the intricate network of oncogenic signaling, NAT10 emerges as a crucial agent in multiple cancer types, such as breast, lung, colorectal, and leukemia. This compelling research addresses the intricate complexity of the mechanistic role of NAT10 in cancer development. By elucidating its active participation in essential physiological processes, we investigate the regulatory role of NAT10 in cell cycle checkpoints, coordination of chromatin remodeling, and detailed modulation of the delicate balance between apoptosis and cell survival. Perturbations in NAT10 expression and function have been linked to oncogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance in a variety of cancer types. Furthermore, the bewildering interactions between NAT10 and key oncogenic factors, such as p53 and c-Myc, are deciphered, providing profound insights into the molecular underpinnings of cancer pathogenesis. Equally intriguing, the paradoxical role of NAT10 as a potential tumor suppressor or oncogene is influenced by context-dependent factors and the cellular microenvironment. This study explores the fascinating interplay of genetic changes, epigenetic changes, and post-translational modifications that shape the dual character of NAT10, revealing the delicate balance between cancer initiation and suppression. Taken together, this overview delves deeply into the enigmatic role of NAT10 in cancer, elucidating its multifaceted roles and its complex interplay with oncogenic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rodrigues
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Harun Bangali
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eyhab Ali
- College of Chemistry, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Abdreshov Serik Nauryzbaevish
- Institute of Genetics and Physiology SC MSHE RK, Laboratory of Physiology Lymphatic System, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed N Fenjan
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsaalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
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8
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Li Z, Li D, Yang T, Yao C. NAT10 promotes the tumorigenesis and progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma through ac4C modification of FOXM1 mRNA. Cancer Biol Ther 2023; 24:2274143. [PMID: 37948132 PMCID: PMC10898813 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2274143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), is a prevalent malignant tumor, belongs to the category of head and neck tumors. N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) can alter mRNA stability through N4- acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification. This study aimed to make an investigation into the role of NAT10-mediated ac4C modification in the malignant processes of LSCC cells. The NAT10 expression in LSCC tissues and cells was detected RT-qPCR and western blot. The ac4C dot blot was performed to detect ac4C level. Besides, the cell viability, migration, and invasion abilities were detected by CCK-8 and transwell assays. AcRIP-qPCR was performed to measure the abundance of ac4C on FOXM1 mRNA. RIP and Luciferase reporter assays were performed to demonstrate the interaction between NAT10 and FOXM1. Finally, the xenograft model was established to explore the role of NAT10 in vivo. NAT1 levels were significantly increased in the LSCC tissues and cells. Knockdown of NAT10 could significantly suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LSCC cells. Additionally, NAT10 recognized the ac4C-modified sites in the 3'-untranslated regions (3' UTR) of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) to enhance the ability of FOXM1 mRNA. Furthermore, FOXM1 overexpression reversed the suppressing effects of NAT10 knockdown on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LSCC cells, according to the results of rescue assays. Finally, results of animal experiments showed that NAT10 promoted in vivo tumorigenesis of LSCC cells through upregulating FOXM1. Our current study demonstrated that NAT10-mediated ac4C modification of FOXM1 mRNA promoted the malignant processes of LSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengpei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanyang First People’s Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Dajun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanyang First People’s Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Tianbin Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanyang First People’s Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Chen Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanyang First People’s Hospital, Nanyang, Henan, China
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9
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Liu Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Yang J, Mao W, Feng C, Wu X, Chen X, Chen L, Dong P. N4-acetylcytidine-dependent GLMP mRNA stabilization by NAT10 promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastasis and remodels tumor microenvironment through MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:712. [PMID: 37914704 PMCID: PMC10620198 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is a post-transcriptional RNA modification that regulates in various important biological processes. However, its role in human cancer, especially lymph node metastasis, remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated N-Acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), as the only known "writer" of ac4C mRNA modification, was highly expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients with lymph node metastasis. High NAT10 levels in the lymph nodes of patients with HNSCC patients are a predictor of poor overall survival. Moreover, we found that high expression of NAT10 was positively upregulated by Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 (NRF1) transcription factor. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments displayed that NAT10 promoted cell metastasis in mice. Mechanistically, NAT10 induced ac4C modification of Glycosylated Lysosomal Membrane Protein (GLMP) and stabilized its mRNA, which triggered the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Finally, the NAT10-specific inhibitor, remodelin, could inhibit HNSCC tumorigenesis in a 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced murine tumor model and remodel the tumor microenvironment, including angiogenesis, CD8+ T cells and Treg recruitment. These results demonstrate that NAT10 promotes lymph node metastasis in HNSCC via ac4C-dependent stabilization of the GLMP transcript, providing a potential epitranscriptomic-targeted therapeutic strategy for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330046, China
- Centre for Medical Research and Translation, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jianqiang Yang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 510086, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Lixiao Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Pin Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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10
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Yang Z, Wilkinson E, Cui YH, Li H, He YY. NAT10 regulates the repair of UVB-induced DNA damage and tumorigenicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 477:116688. [PMID: 37716414 PMCID: PMC10591715 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modifications in messenger RNA (mRNA) regulate gene expression and play critical roles in stress responses and diseases. Recently we have shown that N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant mRNA modification, promotes the repair of UVB-induced DNA damage by regulating global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER). However, the roles of other mRNA modifications in the UVB-induced damage response remain understudied. N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is deposited in mRNA by the RNA-binding acetyltransferase NAT10. This NAT10-mediated ac4C in mRNA has been reported to increase both mRNA stability and translation. However, the role of ac4C and NAT10 in the UVB-induced DNA damage response remains poorly understood. Here we show that NAT10 plays a critical role in the repair of UVB-induced DNA damage lesions through regulating the expression of the key GG-NER gene DDB2. We found that knockdown of NAT10 enhanced the repair of UVB-induced DNA damage lesions by promoting the mRNA stability of DDB2. Our findings are in contrast to the previously reported role of NAT10-mediated ac4C deposition in promoting mRNA stability and may represent a novel mechanism for ac4C in the UVB damage response. Furthermore, NAT10 knockdown in skin cancer cells decreased skin cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Chronic UVB irradiation increases NAT10 protein levels in mouse skin. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a novel role for NAT10 in the repair of UVB-induced DNA damage products by decreasing the mRNA stability of DDB2 and suggest that NAT10 is a potential novel target for preventing and treating skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Yang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emma Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yan-Hong Cui
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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11
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Cui Z, Xu Y, Wu P, Lu Y, Tao Y, Zhou C, Cui R, Li J, Han R. NAT10 promotes osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells by regulating VEGFA-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through ac4C modification. Odontology 2023; 111:870-882. [PMID: 36879181 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal tissue regeneration engineering based on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) provides a broad prospect for the treatment of periodontal disease. N-Acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10)-catalyzed non-histone acetylation is widely involved in physiological or pathophysiological processes. However, its function in hPDLSCs is still missing. hPDLSCs were isolated, purified, and cultured from extracted teeth. Surface markers were detected by flow cytometry. Osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential was detected by alizarin red staining (ARS), oil red O staining, and Alcian blue staining. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed by ALP assay. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to detect the expression of key molecules, such as NAT10, Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), PI3K/AKT pathway, as well as bone markers (RUNX2, OCN, OPN). RNA-Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation PCR (RIP-PCR) was used to detect the N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) mRNA level. Genes related to VEGFA were identified by bioinformatics analysis. NAT10 was highly expressed in the osteogenic differentiation process with enhanced ALP activity and osteogenic capability, and elevated expression of osteogenesis-related markers. The ac4C level and expression of VEGFA were obviously regulated by NAT10 and overexpression of VEGFA also had similar effects to NAT10. The phosphorylation level of PI3K and AKT was also elevated by overexpression of VEGFA. VEGFA could reverse the effects of NAT10 in hPDLSCs. NAT10 enhances the osteogenic development of hPDLSCs via regulation of the VEGFA-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by ac4C alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Cui
- Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wu
- Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lu
- Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Tao
- Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuibing Zhou
- Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruting Cui
- Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingying Li
- Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Changchun, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongpeng Han
- Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Changchun, No. 1321, Beian Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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Zheng N, Liu X, Yang Y, Liu Y, Yan F, Zeng Y, Cheng Y, Wu D, Chen C, Wang X. Regulatory roles of NAT10 in airway epithelial cell function and metabolism in pathological conditions. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:1237-1256. [PMID: 35877022 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), a nuclear acetyltransferase and a member of the GNAT family, plays critical roles in RNA stability and translation processes as well as cell proliferation. Little is known about regulatory effects of NAT10 in lung epithelial cell proliferation. We firstly investigated NTA10 mRNA expression in alveolar epithelial types I and II, basal, ciliated, club, and goblet/mucous epithelia from heathy and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lung adenocarcinoma, para-tumor tissue, and systemic sclerosis, respectively. We selected A549 cells for representative of alveolar epithelia or H1299 and H460 cells as airway epithelia with different genetic backgrounds and studied dynamic responses of NAT10-down-regulated epithelia to high temperature, lipopolysaccharide, cigarette smoking extract (CSE), drugs, radiation, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors at various doses. We also compared transcriptomic profiles between alveolar and airway epithelia, between cells with or without NAT10 down-regulation, between early and late stages, and between challenges. The present study demonstrated that NAT10 expression increased in human lung epithelia and varied among epithelial types, challenges, and diseases. Knockdown of NAT10 altered epithelial mitochondrial functions, dynamic responses to LPS, CSE, or PI3K inhibitors, and transcriptomic phenomes. NAT10 regulates biological phenomes, and behaviors are more complex and are dependent upon multiple signal pathways. Thus, NAT10-associated signal pathways can be a new alternative for understanding the disease and developing new biomarkers and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanqi Liu
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Furong Yan
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Duojiao Wu
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Quzhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
- Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China.
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Dalhat MH, Choudhry H, Khan MI. NAT10, an RNA Cytidine Acetyltransferase, Regulates Ferroptosis in Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051116. [PMID: 37237981 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) regulates fatty acid metabolism through ac4C-dependent RNA modification of key genes in cancer cells. During this work, we noticed ferroptosis as one of the most negatively enriched pathways among other pathways in NAT10-depleted cancer cells. In the current work, we explore the possibility of whether NAT10 acts as an epitranscriptomic regulator of the ferroptosis pathway in cancer cells. Global ac4C levels and expression of NAT10 with other ferroptosis-related genes were assessed via dotblot and RT-qPCR, respectively. Flow cytometry and biochemical analysis were used to assess oxidative stress and ferroptosis features. The ac4C-mediated mRNA stability was conducted using RIP-PCR and mRNA stability assay. Metabolites were profiled using LC-MS/MS. Our results showed significant downregulation in expression of essential genes related to ferroptosis, namely SLC7A11, GCLC, MAP1LC3A, and SLC39A8 in NAT10-depleted cancer cells. Further, we noticed a reduction in cystine uptake and reduced GSH levels, along with elevated ROS, and lipid peroxidation levels in NAT10-depleted cells. Consistently, overproduction of oxPLs, as well as increased mitochondrial depolarization and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes, support the notion of ferroptosis induction in NAT10-depleted cancer cells. Mechanistically, a reduced ac4C level shortens the half-life of GCLC and SLC7A11 mRNA, resulting in low levels of intracellular cystine and reduced GSH, failing to detoxify ROS, and leading to increased cellular oxPLs, which facilitate ferroptosis induction. Collectively, our findings suggest that NAT10 restrains ferroptosis by stabilizing the SLC7A11 mRNA transcripts in order to avoid oxidative stress that induces oxidation of phospholipids to initiate ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Hassan Dalhat
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang M, Yang K, Wang QH, Xie L, Liu Q, Wei R, Tao Y, Zheng HL, Lin N, Xu H, Yang L, Wang H, Zhang T, Xue Z, Cao JL, Pan Z. The Cytidine N-Acetyltransferase NAT10 Participates in Peripheral Nerve Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain by Stabilizing SYT9 Expression in Primary Sensory Neurons. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3009-3027. [PMID: 36898834 PMCID: PMC10146489 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2321-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification is increasingly recognized as an important layer of gene regulation; however, the involvement of ac4C in pain regulation has not been studied. Here, we report that N-acetyltransferase 10 protein (NAT10; the only known ac4C "writer") contributes to the induction and development of neuropathic pain in an ac4C-dependent manner. Peripheral nerve injury increases the levels of NAT10 expression and overall ac4C in injured dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). This upregulation is triggered by the activation of upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1), a transcription factor that binds to the Nat10 promoter. Knock-down or genetic deletion of NAT10 in the DRG abolishes the gain of ac4C sites in Syt9 mRNA and the augmentation of SYT9 protein, resulting in a marked antinociceptive effect in nerve-injured male mice. Conversely, mimicking NAT10 upregulation in the absence of injury evokes the elevation of Syt9 ac4C and SYT9 protein and induces the genesis of neuropathic-pain-like behaviors. These findings demonstrate that USF1-governed NAT10 regulates neuropathic pain by targeting Syt9 ac4C in peripheral nociceptive sensory neurons. Our findings establish NAT10 as a critical endogenous initiator of nociceptive behavior and a promising new target for treating neuropathic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The cytidine N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), a new epigenetic RNA modification, is crucial for the translation and stability of mRNA, but its role for chronic pain remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) acts as ac4C N-acetyltransferase and plays an important role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. NAT10 was upregulated via the activation of the transcription factor upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) in the injured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after peripheral nerve injury. Since pharmacological or genetic deleting NAT10 in the DRG attenuated the nerve injury-induced nociceptive hypersensitivities partially through suppressing Syt9 mRNA ac4C and stabilizing SYT9 protein level, NAT10 may serve as an effective and novel therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Kehui Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Qi-Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Runa Wei
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yang Tao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hong-Li Zheng
- Department of Pain, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ninghua Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantai affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Hengjun Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Li Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Tingruo Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhouya Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yancheng affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng 224008, China
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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15
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Liu X, Xin Z, Wang K. Patient-derived xenograft model in colorectal cancer basic and translational research. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:26-40. [PMID: 36543756 PMCID: PMC9986239 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most popular malignancies globally, with 930 000 deaths in 2020. The evaluation of CRC-related pathogenesis and the discovery of potential therapeutic targets will be meaningful and helpful for improving CRC treatment. With huge efforts made in past decades, the systematic treatment regimens have been applied to improve the prognosis of CRC patients. However, the sensitivity of CRC to chemotherapy and targeted therapy is different from person to person, which is an important cause of treatment failure. The emergence of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models shows great potential to alleviate the straits. PDX models possess similar genetic and pathological characteristics as the features of primary tumors. Moreover, PDX has the ability to mimic the tumor microenvironment of the original tumor. Thus, the PDX model is an important tool to screen precise drugs for individualized treatment, seek predictive biomarkers for prognosis supervision, and evaluate the unknown mechanism in basic research. This paper reviews the recent advances in constructed methods and applications of the CRC PDX model, aiming to provide new knowledge for CRC basic research and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zechang Xin
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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Xu D, Huang K, Chen Y, Yang F, Xia C, Yang H. Immune response and drug therapy based on ac4C-modified gene in pancreatic cancer typing. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133166. [PMID: 36949954 PMCID: PMC10025374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
N-4 cytidine acetylation (ac4C) is an epitranscriptome modification catalyzed by N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) and is essential for cellular mRNA stability, rRNA biosynthesis, cell proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Numerous studies have confirmed the inextricable link between NAT10 and the clinical characteristics of malignancies. It is unclear, however, how NAT10 might affect pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We downloaded pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients from the TCGA database. We obtained the corresponding clinical data for data analysis, model construction, differential gene expression analysis, and the GEO database for external validation. We screened the published papers for NAT10-mediated ac4C modifications in 2156 genes. We confirmed that the expression levels and genomic mutation rates of NAT10 differed significantly between cancer and normal tissues. Additionally, we constructed a NAT10 prognostic model and examined immune infiltration and altered biological pathways across the models. The NAT10 isoforms identified in this study can effectively predict clinical outcomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, our study showed that elevated levels of NAT10 expression correlated with gemcitabine resistance, that aberrant NAT10 expression may promote the angiogenic capacity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through activation of the TGF-β pathway, which in turn promotes distal metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and that NAT10 knockdown significantly inhibited the migration and clonogenic capacity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. In conclusion, we proposed a predictive model based on NAT10 expression levels, a non-invasive predictive approach for genomic profiling, which showed satisfactory and effective performance in predicting patients' survival outcomes and treatment response. Medicine and electronics will be combined in more interdisciplinary areas in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaige Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cunbing Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Cunbing Xia, ; Hongbao Yang,
| | - Hongbao Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Cunbing Xia, ; Hongbao Yang,
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Insights into Regulators of p53 Acetylation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233825. [PMID: 36497084 PMCID: PMC9737083 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of dozens of target genes and diverse physiological processes. To precisely regulate the p53 network, p53 undergoes various post-translational modifications and alters the selectivity of target genes. Acetylation plays an essential role in cell fate determination through the activation of p53. Although the acetylation of p53 has been examined, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear and, thus, have attracted the interest of researchers. We herein discuss the role of acetylation in the p53 pathway, with a focus on p53 acetyltransferases and deacetylases. We also review recent findings on the regulators of these enzymes to understand the mode of p53 acetylation from a broader perspective.
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Liu HY, Liu YY, Zhang YL, Ning Y, Zhang FL, Li DQ. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of acetyltransferase NAT10 by PARP1 is required for its nucleoplasmic translocation and function in response to DNA damage. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:127. [PMID: 35986334 PMCID: PMC9389688 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), an abundant nucleolar protein with both lysine and RNA cytidine acetyltransferase activities, has been implicated in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and human cancer. We and others recently demonstrated that NAT10 is translocated from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm after DNA damage, but the underlying mechanism remains unexplored. Methods The NAT10 and PARP1 knockout (KO) cell lines were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Knockdown of PARP1 was performed using specific small interfering RNAs targeting PARP1. Cells were irradiated with γ-rays using a 137Cs Gammacell-40 irradiator and subjected to clonogenic survival assays. Co-localization and interaction between NAT10 and MORC2 were examined by immunofluorescent staining and immunoprecipitation assays, respectively. PARylation of NAT10 and translocation of NAT10 were determined by in vitro PARylation assays and immunofluorescent staining, respectively. Results Here, we provide the first evidence that NAT10 underwent covalent PARylation modification following DNA damage, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) catalyzed PARylation of NAT10 on three conserved lysine (K) residues (K1016, K1017, and K1020) within its C-terminal nucleolar localization signal motif (residues 983–1025). Notably, mutation of those three PARylation residues on NAT10, pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 activity, or depletion of PARP1 impaired NAT10 nucleoplasmic translocation after DNA damage. Knockdown or inhibition of PARP1 or expression of a PARylation-deficient mutant NAT10 (K3A) attenuated the co-localization and interaction of NAT10 with MORC family CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2), a newly identified chromatin-remodeling enzyme involved in DNA damage response, resulting in a decrease in DNA damage-induced MORC2 acetylation at lysine 767. Consequently, expression of a PARylation-defective mutant NAT10 resulted in enhanced cellular sensitivity to DNA damage agents. Conclusion Collectively, these findings indicate that PARP1-mediated PARylation of NAT10 is key for controlling its nucleoplasmic translocation and function in response to DNA damage. Moreover, our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the sophisticated paradigm of the posttranslational modification-driven cellular response to DNA damage. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00932-1.
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Zhang L, Bernardo KD, Vickers TA, Tian J, Liang XH, Crooke ST. NAT10 and DDX21 Proteins Interact with RNase H1 and Affect the Performance of Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acid Ther 2022; 32:280-299. [PMID: 35852833 PMCID: PMC9416547 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2021.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RNase H1-dependent phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (PS-ASOs) have been developed to treat various diseases through specific degradation of target RNAs. Although many factors or features of RNA and PS-ASOs have been demonstrated to affect antisense activity of PS-ASOs, little is known regarding the roles of RNase H1-associated proteins in PS-ASO performance. In this study, we report that two nucleolar proteins, NAT10 and DDX21, interact with RNase H1 and affect the potency and safety of PS-ASOs. The interactions of these two proteins with RNase H1 were determined using BioID proximity labeling in cells and confirmed biochemically. Reduction of NAT10 and DDX21 decreased PS-ASO activity in cells, and purified NAT10 and DDX21 proteins enhanced RNase H1 cleavage rates, indicating that these two proteins facilitate RNase H1 endoribonuclease activity. Consistently, reduction of these proteins increased the levels of R-loops, and impaired pre-rRNA processing. In addition, reduction of the two proteins increased the cytotoxicity of toxic PS-ASOs, and treatment of toxic PS-ASOs also altered the localization of these proteins. Together, this study shows for the first time that NAT10 and DDX21 interact with RNase H1 protein and enhance its enzymatic activity, contributing to the potency and safety of PS-ASOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Zhang
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Karla D. Bernardo
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Timothy A. Vickers
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Xue-hai Liang
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Stanley T. Crooke
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
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Wang Z, Huang Y, Lu W, Liu J, Li X, Zhu S, Liu H, Song Y. c-myc-mediated upregulation of NAT10 facilitates tumor development via cell cycle regulation in non-small cell lung cancer. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:140. [PMID: 35834140 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is a nucleolar acetyltransferase and has been reported to facilitate tumorigenesis in various cancers, but its role in NSCLC and how it is regulated remain to be assessed. The expression of NAT10 was explored in online databases and our collected clinical specimens. The relationship of NAT10 and clinical characteristics was evaluated using the online databases. Functional analyses were utilized to determine the effect of NAT10 on the proliferation and migration abilities. KEGG pathway analyses were conducted to investigate NAT10-related pathways in NSCLC. The influence of NAT10 on cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry and cell synchronization assay. The association between c-myc and NAT10 promoter was determined by ChIP. Compared with normal tissue, NAT10 was significantly overexpressed in NSCLC. Upregulated NAT10 was associated with more advanced stage for lung adenocarcinoma and shorter overall survival and first progression time for lung cancer. NAT10 could promote proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells in vitro. c-myc positively regulated the expression of NAT10 as a transcription factor. KEGG pathway analyses indicated that NAT10 was significantly involved in cell cycle regulation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and other pathways. The knockdown of NAT10-induced G1 arrest, which was possibly mediated by the downregulation of cyclin D1.Our findings suggested that c-myc-mediated upregulation of NAT10 promoted the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells and NAT10 might be a marker for prognosis and a promising target for treatment in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yicong Huang
- Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Wanjun Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suhua Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Guo XF, Wang XH, Fu YL, Meng Q, Huang BY, Yang R, Guo Y, Du YR, Wang X, Gao Y, Song L, Gong M, Wang S, Li YD, Shi HS, Shi Y. Elevation of N-acetyltransferase 10 in hippocampal neurons mediates depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. Brain Res Bull 2022; 185:91-98. [PMID: 35550155 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most debilitating and severe mental diseases globally. Increasing evidence has shown that epigenetics is critical for understanding brain function and brain disorders, including MDD. N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), acting on histones, mRNA and other substrates, has been reported to be involved in epigenetic events, including histone acetylation and mRNA modifications. NAT10 is highly expressed in the brain. However, the potential effects of NAT10 on MDD are still unknown. Here, we exploited chronic mild stress (CMS) to induce anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice and found that the expression of NAT10 in the mouse hippocampus was upregulated after CMS treatment. Inhibition of NAT10 by pharmacological methods produced anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. Neuron-specific overexpression of NAT10 in the hippocampus resulted in anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, accompanied by higher SIRT1 protein levels, and lower dendritic spine densities. Overall, it was found that elevation of NAT10 in hippocampal neurons is involved in the occurrence of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, suggesting that NAT10 could be a potential new target for developing anxiolytics and antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Fei Guo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Xin-Hao Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Ya-Ling Fu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Qian Meng
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Bo-Ya Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Yu-Ru Du
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Li Song
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - Miao Gong
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Experimental Center for Teaching, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China
| | - You-Dong Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hai-Shui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 050017, China.
| | - Yun Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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22
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Wang G, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Zou J, Zhong J, Zheng Z, Zhou X, Zheng Y, Chen B, Liu C. NAT10-mediated mRNA N4-acetylcytidine modification promotes bladder cancer progression. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e738. [PMID: 35522942 PMCID: PMC9076013 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the epitranscriptome causes abnormal expression of oncogenes in the tumorigenic process. Previous studies have shown that NAT10 can regulate mRNA translation efficiency through RNA acetylation. However, the role of NAT10-mediated acetylation modification in bladder cancer remains elusive. METHODS The clinical value of NAT10 was estimated according to NAT10 expression pattern based on TCGA data set and the tumor tissue array. Acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing was utilized to explore the role of NAT10 in mRNA ac4C modification. Translation efficiency and mRNA stability assay were applied to study the effect of NAT10-deletion on target genes. The nude mouse model and genetically engineered mice were conducted to further verify the characteristics of NAT10 in promoting BLCA progression and regulating downstream targets. RESULTS NAT10 was essential for the proliferation, migration, invasion, survival and the stem-cell-like properties of bladder cancer cell lines. NAT10 was responsible for mRNA ac4C modification in BLCA cells, including BCL9L, SOX4 and AKT1. Deficient NAT10 in both xenograft and transgenic mouse models of bladder cancer reduced the tumor burden. Furthermore, acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing data and RNA immunoprecipitation qPCR results revealed that NAT10 is responsible for a set of ac4C mRNA modifications in bladder cancer cells. Inhibition of NAT10 led to a loss of ac4C peaks in these transcripts and represses the mRNA's stability and protein expression. Mechanistically, the ac4C reduction modification in specific regions of mRNAs resulting from NAT10 downregulation impaired the translation efficiency of BCL9L, SOX4 and AKT1 as well as the stability of BCL9L, SOX4. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these findings provide new insights into the dynamic characteristics of mRNA's post-transcriptional modification via NAT10-dependent acetylation and predict a role for NAT10 as a therapeutic target in bladder cancer. HIGHLIGHTS NAT10 is highly expressed in BLCA patients and its abnormal level predicts bladder cancer progression and low overall survival rate. NAT10 is necessary and sufficient for BLCA tumourigenic properties. NAT10 is responsible for ac4C modification of target transcripts, including BCL9L, SOX4 and AKT1. NAT10 may serve as an effective and novel therapeutic target for BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganping Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqi Xie
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiepeng Zou
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianye Zhong
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijia Zheng
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianghui Zhou
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Zheng
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binshen Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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NAT10 regulates mitotic cell fate by acetylating Eg5 to control bipolar spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:846-860. [PMID: 35210604 PMCID: PMC8989979 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell fate of mitotic cell is controlled by spindle assembly. Deficient spindle assembly results in mitotic catastrophe leading to cell death to maintain cellular homeostasis. Therefore, inducing mitotic catastrophe provides a strategy for tumor therapy. Nucleolar acetyltransferase NAT10 has been found to regulate various cellular processes to maintain cell homeostasis. Here we report that NAT10 regulates mitotic cell fate by acetylating Eg5. NAT10 depletion results in multinuclear giant cells, which is the hallmark of mitotic catastrophe. Live-cell imaging showed that knockdown of NAT10 dramatically prolongs the mitotic time and induces defective chromosome segregation including chromosome misalignment, bridge and lagging. NAT10 binds and co-localizes with Eg5 in the centrosome during mitosis. Depletion of NAT10 reduces the centrosome loading of Eg5 and impairs the poleward movement of centrosome, leading to monopolar and asymmetrical spindle formation. Furthermore, NAT10 stabilizes Eg5 through its acetyltransferase function. NAT10 acetylates Eg5 at K771 to control Eg5 stabilization. We generated K771-Ac specific antibody and showed that Eg5 K771-Ac specifically localizes in the centrosome during mitosis. Additionally, K771 acetylation is required for the motor function of Eg5. The hyper-acetylation mimic Flag-Eg5 K771Q but not Flag-Eg5 rescued the NAT10 depletion-induced defective spindle formation and mitotic catastrophe, demonstrating that NAT10 controls mitosis through acetylating Eg5 K771. Collectively, we identify Eg5 as an important substrate of NAT10 in the control of mitosis and provide K771 as an essential acetylation site in the stabilization and motor function of Eg5. Our findings reveal that targeting the NAT10-mediated Eg5 K771 acetylation provides a potential strategy for tumor therapy.
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24
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NAT10 promotes cell proliferation by acetylating CEP170 mRNA to enhance translation efficiency in multiple myeloma. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3313-3325. [PMID: 35967285 PMCID: PMC9366180 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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25
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Yang W, Li HY, Wu YF, Mi RJ, Liu WZ, Shen X, Lu YX, Jiang YH, Ma MJ, Shen HY. ac4C acetylation of RUNX2 catalyzed by NAT10 spurs osteogenesis of BMSCs and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:135-147. [PMID: 34513300 PMCID: PMC8413676 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is the key enzyme for N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification of mRNA, which participates in various cellular processes and is related to many diseases. Here, we explore the relationships among osteoblast differentiation, NAT10, and ac4C, and we found that NAT0 expression and the ac4C level of total RNA were decreased in the bone tissues of bilateral ovariectomized (OVX) mice and osteoporosis patients. Adenoviruses overexpressing NAT10 reversed bone loss, and Remodelin, an NAT10 inhibitor, enhanced the loss of bone mass in OVX mice. Moreover, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with low-level ac4C modification formed fewer calcium nodules in vitro with NAT10 silencing, whereas BMSCs with high-level ac4C modification formed more calcium nodules with NAT10 overexpression. Moreover, we demonstrated that the ac4C level of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) mRNA was increased after BMSCs were cultured in osteogenic medium (OM) and decreased after NAT10 silencing. The RUNX2 mRNA half-life and protein expression decreased after silencing NAT10 in BMSCs. Therefore, NAT10-based ac4C modification promotes the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by regulating the RUNX2 ac4C level. Because abnormal levels of NAT10 are probably one of the mechanisms responsible for osteoporosis, NAT10 is a new potential therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3025, Shennan Middle Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3025, Shennan Middle Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - R J Mi
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - W Z Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - X Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3025, Shennan Middle Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Y X Lu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3025, Shennan Middle Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - M J Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3025, Shennan Middle Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3025, Shennan Middle Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China
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26
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Kron NS, Fieber LA. Co-expression analysis identifies neuro-inflammation as a driver of sensory neuron aging in Aplysia californica. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252647. [PMID: 34116561 PMCID: PMC8195618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of the nervous system is typified by depressed metabolism, compromised proteostasis, and increased inflammation that results in cognitive impairment. Differential expression analysis is a popular technique for exploring the molecular underpinnings of neural aging, but technical drawbacks of the methodology often obscure larger expression patterns. Co-expression analysis offers a robust alternative that allows for identification of networks of genes and their putative central regulators. In an effort to expand upon previous work exploring neural aging in the marine model Aplysia californica, we used weighted gene correlation network analysis to identify co-expression networks in a targeted set of aging sensory neurons in these animals. We identified twelve modules, six of which were strongly positively or negatively associated with aging. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes analysis and investigation of central module transcripts identified signatures of metabolic impairment, increased reactive oxygen species, compromised proteostasis, disrupted signaling, and increased inflammation. Although modules with immune character were identified, there was no correlation between genes in Aplysia that increased in expression with aging and the orthologous genes in oyster displaying long-term increases in expression after a virus-like challenge. This suggests anti-viral response is not a driver of Aplysia sensory neuron aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. S. Kron
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - L. A. Fieber
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
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27
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Hintze M, Katsanos D, Shahrezaei V, Barkoulas M. Phenotypic Robustness of Epidermal Stem Cell Number in C. elegans Is Modulated by the Activity of the Conserved N-acetyltransferase nath-10/NAT10. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640856. [PMID: 34084768 PMCID: PMC8168469 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual cells and organisms experience perturbations from internal and external sources, yet manage to buffer these to produce consistent phenotypes, a property known as robustness. While phenotypic robustness has often been examined in unicellular organisms, it has not been sufficiently studied in multicellular animals. Here, we investigate phenotypic robustness in Caenorhabditis elegans seam cells. Seam cells are stem cell-like epithelial cells along the lateral edges of the animal, which go through asymmetric and symmetric divisions contributing cells to the hypodermis and neurons, while replenishing the stem cell reservoir. The terminal number of seam cells is almost invariant in the wild-type population, allowing the investigation of how developmental precision is achieved. We report here that a loss-of-function mutation in the highly conserved N-acetyltransferase nath-10/NAT10 increases seam cell number variance in the isogenic population. RNA-seq analysis revealed increased levels of mRNA transcript variability in nath-10 mutant populations, which may have an impact on the phenotypic variability observed. Furthermore, we found disruption of Wnt signaling upon perturbing nath-10 function, as evidenced by changes in POP-1/TCF nuclear distribution and ectopic activation of its GATA transcription factor target egl-18. These results highlight that NATH-10/NAT-10 can influence phenotypic variability partly through modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hintze
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Katsanos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vahid Shahrezaei
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Karthiya R, Wasil SM, Khandelia P. Emerging role of N4-acetylcytidine modification of RNA in gene regulation and cellular functions. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9189-9199. [PMID: 33174082 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional chemical modification of RNA is rapidly emerging as a key player in regulating gene expression and has propelled the development of 'epitranscriptomics' or 'RNA epigenetics' as a frontier area of research. Several RNA modifications are known to decorate RNAs and impact its structure and function. One such recently discovered modification is acetylation of RNA i.e. N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) chemical modification. N4-acetylcytidine is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved modification, which maps to a wide spectrum of RNAs from archaea bacteria to humans. This modification results in a variety of functional outcomes which impact normal development and disease. In this review, we summarize the recent progress, emerging methods, biological implications and the future challenges for ac4C modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Karthiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - S Mohammed Wasil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Piyush Khandelia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India.
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29
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Vriend J, Rastegar M. Ubiquitin ligases and medulloblastoma: genetic markers of the four consensus subgroups identified through transcriptome datasets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165839. [PMID: 32445667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system regulates key cellular processes in normal and in cancer cells. Herein, we review published data on the role of ubiquitin ligases in the four major subgroups of medulloblastoma (MB). While conventional literature serves as an initial source of information on cellular pathways in MB, large publicly available datasets of gene expression can be used to add information not previously identified in the literature. By analysing the publicly available Cavalli dataset, we show that increased expression of ZNRF3 characterizes the WNT subgroup of MB. The ZNRF3 gene codes for an E3 ligase associated with WNT receptors. Loss of a copy of chromosome 6 in a subtype of the WNT group was associated with decreased expression of the gene encoding the E3 ligase RNF146. While the E3 ligase SMURF regulates SHH receptors, increased expression of the gene encoding the Cullin Ring E3 adaptor PPP2R2C was statistically a better genetic marker of the SHH group. Genes whose expression was statistically strongly related to Group 3 included the E3 ligase gene TRIM58, and the gene for the E3 ligase adaptor, PPP2R2B. Group 4 MB was associated with expression of genes encoding several E3 ligases and E3 ligase adaptors involved in ribosome biogenesis. Increased expression of the genes encoding the E3 ligase adaptors and transcription repressors ZBTB18 and ZBTB38 were also noted in subgroup 4. These data suggest that several E3 ligases and their adaptors should be investigated as therapeutic targets for subgroup specific MB brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Mojgan Rastegar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Program, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
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30
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Xue J, Pan X, Peng T, Duan M, Du L, Zhuang X, Cai X, Yi X, Fu Y, Li S. Auto Arginine-GlcNAcylation Is Crucial for Bacterial Pathogens in Regulating Host Cell Death. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:197. [PMID: 32432056 PMCID: PMC7214673 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens utilize the type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject virulence factors, named effectors, into host cells. These T3SS effectors manipulate host cellular signaling pathways to facilitate bacterial pathogenesis. Death receptor signaling plays an important role in eukaryotic cell death pathways. NleB from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and SseK1/3 from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) are T3SS effectors. They are defined as a family of arginine GlcNAc transferase to modify a conserved arginine residue in the death domain (DD) of the death receptor TNFR and their corresponding adaptors to hijack death receptor signaling. Here we identified that these enzymes, NleB, SseK1, and SseK3 could catalyze auto-GlcNAcylation. Residues, including Arg13/53/159/293 in NleB, Arg30/158/339 in SseK1, and Arg153/184/305/335 in SseK3 were identified as the auto-GlcNAcylation sites by mass spectrometry. Mutation of the auto-modification sites of NleB, SseK1, and SseK3 abolished or attenuated the capability of enzyme activity toward their death domain targets during infection. Loss of this ability led to the increased susceptibility of the cells to TNF- or TRAIL-induced cell death during bacterial infection. Overall, our study reveals that the auto-GlcNAcylation of NleB, SseK1, and SseK3 is crucial for their biological activity during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xue
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Pan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Peng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meimei Duan
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijie Du
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhuang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobin Cai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueying Yi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Fu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shan Li
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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31
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Levy MJ, Montgomery DC, Sardiu ME, Montano JL, Bergholtz SE, Nance KD, Thorpe AL, Fox SD, Lin Q, Andresson T, Florens L, Washburn MP, Meier JL. A Systems Chemoproteomic Analysis of Acyl-CoA/Protein Interaction Networks. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:322-333.e5. [PMID: 31836350 PMCID: PMC8237707 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-coenzyme A (CoA)/protein interactions are essential for life. Despite this importance, their global scope and selectivity remains undefined. Here, we describe CATNIP (CoA/AcetylTraNsferase Interaction Profiling), a chemoproteomic platform for the high-throughput analysis of acyl-CoA/protein interactions in endogenous proteomes. First, we apply CATNIP to identify acetyl-CoA-binding proteins through unbiased clustering of competitive dose-response data. Next, we use this method to profile the selectivity of acyl-CoA/protein interactions, leading to the identification of specific acyl-CoA engagement signatures. Finally, we apply systems-level analyses to assess the features of protein networks that may interact with acyl-CoAs, and use a strategy for high-confidence proteomic annotation of acetyl-CoA-binding proteins to identify a site of non-enzymatic acylation in the NAT10 acetyltransferase domain that is likely driven by acyl-CoA binding. Overall, our studies illustrate how chemoproteomics and systems biology can be integrated to understand the roles of acyl-CoA metabolism in biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaella J Levy
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - David C Montgomery
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mihaela E Sardiu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jose L Montano
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sarah E Bergholtz
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kellie D Nance
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Abigail L Thorpe
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Stephen D Fox
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Leidos, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Qishan Lin
- RNA Epitranscriptomics & Proteomics Resource, University of Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Leidos, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Laurence Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Michael P Washburn
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jordan L Meier
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Sleiman S, Dragon F. Recent Advances on the Structure and Function of RNA Acetyltransferase Kre33/NAT10. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091035. [PMID: 31491951 PMCID: PMC6770127 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is one of the most energy demanding processes in the cell. In eukaryotes, the main steps of this process occur in the nucleolus and include pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) processing, post-transcriptional modifications, and assembly of many non-ribosomal factors and ribosomal proteins in order to form mature and functional ribosomes. In yeast and humans, the nucleolar RNA acetyltransferase Kre33/NAT10 participates in different maturation events, such as acetylation and processing of 18S rRNA, and assembly of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Here, we review the structural and functional features of Kre33/NAT10 RNA acetyltransferase, and we underscore the importance of this enzyme in ribosome biogenesis, as well as in acetylation of non-ribosomal targets. We also report on the role of human NAT10 in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sleiman
- Département des Sciences Biologiques and Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Francois Dragon
- Département des Sciences Biologiques and Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines-Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Liang P, Hu R, Liu Z, Miao M, Jiang H, Li C. NAT10 upregulation indicates a poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Curr Probl Cancer 2019; 44:100491. [PMID: 31279531 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is considered as an oncogene in many tumors. This study investigated the NAT10 expression in Chinese acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and evaluated the predictive significance of NAT10 with a single-center retrospective study. METHODS The Oncomine was used to analyze NAT10 expression in AML. We also collected bone marrow samples of 48 newly diagnosed AML patients and 20 benign individuals in our center. NAT10 mRNA expression levels were detected by real-time qPCR. Clinical data was obtained from inpatient medical records. RESULTS Two microarrays in Oncomine showed that NAT10 was upregulated in AML. Our data revealed that AML patients had higher NAT10 expression levels than the normal controls (P < 0.01). NPM1-mutant patients had higher NAT10 mRNA levels than NPM1-wt patients. NAT10 expression level was higher in nonremission group than in overall remission group (P < 0.05). High NAT10 expression indicated a poor progression-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The results support NAT10 as a potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarker for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Liang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Zhuogang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao Miao
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huinan Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Liu X, Cai S, Zhang C, Liu Z, Luo J, Xing B, Du X. Deacetylation of NAT10 by Sirt1 promotes the transition from rRNA biogenesis to autophagy upon energy stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:9601-9616. [PMID: 30165671 PMCID: PMC6182161 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anabolism and catabolism are tightly regulated according to the cellular energy supply. Upon energy stress, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) biogenesis is inhibited, and autophagy is induced. However, the mechanism linking rRNA biogenesis and autophagy is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the nucleolar protein NAT10 plays a role in the transition between rRNA biogenesis and autophagy. Under normal conditions, NAT10 is acetylated to activate rRNA biogenesis and inhibit autophagy induction. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that NAT10 binds to and acetylates the autophagy regulator Che-1 at K228 to suppress the Che-1-mediated transcriptional activation of downstream genes Redd1 and Deptor under adequate energy supply conditions. Upon energy stress, NAT10 is deacetylated by Sirt1, leading to suppression of NAT10-activated rRNA biogenesis. In addition, deacetylation of NAT10 abolishes the NAT10-mediated transcriptional repression of Che-1, leading to the release of autophagy inhibition. Collectively, we demonstrate that the acetylation status of NAT10 is important for the anabolism-catabolism transition in response to energy stress, providing a novel mechanism by which nucleolar proteins control rRNA synthesis and autophagy in response to the cellular energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Shiying Cai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Baocai Xing
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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Liu Z, Liu X, Li Y, Ren P, Zhang C, Wang L, Du X, Xing B. miR-6716-5p promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer through downregulating NAT10 expression. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5317-5332. [PMID: 31239781 PMCID: PMC6559146 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s197733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) plays pivotal roles in cellular biological processes, such as senescence, autophagy and cytokinesis. The expression of NAT10 is dysregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and is associated with the prognosis of patients. However, it remains unclear how NAT10 is regulated in CRC. Methods: The microRNA(miRNA) regulating NAT10 was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and further validated by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR),Western blot and dual luciferase reporter assays. The expression of the miRNA regulating NAT10 in CRC tissues was examined using RT-qPCR. Cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell migration and cell invasion assays were performed after transfection with miRNA mimic and inhibitor. Results: Here, we report that miR-6716-5p inhibits the expression of NAT10 in CRC. The NAT10 protein level was downregulated by the miR-6716-5p mimic, and was upregulated by the miR-6716-5p inhibitor in CRC cell lines. In addition, miR-6716-5p bound to the 3ʹ-untranslated region of NAT10 mRNA and decreased NAT10 mRNA levels. Significantly, the miR-6716-5p level was higher in the tumor tissues of the CRC patients with liver metastasis than that in the non-metastatic CRC patients. In addition, the miR-6716-5p level was correlated with poor overall survival of CRC patients with liver metastasis. The miR-6716-5p inhibitor inhibited CRC cell migration and invasion. Consistently, the miR-6716-5p mimic significantly promoted cell migration and invasion, and this effect is dependent on NAT10. However, miR-6716-5p had no effect on CRC cell proliferation and apoptosis. We found that miR-6716-5p negatively regulated E-cadherin protein levels. In addition, E-cadherin was upregulated by NAT10 in CRC cells, confirming that miR-6716-5p downregulated E-cadherin levels by inhibiting NAT10 expression. Conclusion: We demonstrated that miR-6716-5p acts as a crucial regulator of NAT10 to promote cell migration and invasion in CRC by inhibiting NAT10 expression. Our data suggest that miR-6716-5p/NAT10 might act as a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengwei Ren
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Baocai Xing
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
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Pfister AS. Emerging Role of the Nucleolar Stress Response in Autophagy. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:156. [PMID: 31114481 PMCID: PMC6503120 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy represents a conserved self-digestion program, which allows regulated degradation of cellular material. Autophagy is activated by cellular stress, serum starvation and nutrient deprivation. Several autophagic pathways have been uncovered, which either non-selectively or selectively target the cellular cargo for lysosomal degradation. Autophagy engages the coordinated action of various key regulators involved in the steps of autophagosome formation, cargo targeting and lysosomal fusion. While non-selective (macro)autophagy is required for removal of bulk material or recycling of nutrients, selective autophagy mediates specific targeting of damaged organelles or protein aggregates. By proper action of the autophagic machinery, cellular homeostasis is maintained. In contrast, failure of this fundamental process is accompanied by severe pathophysiological conditions. Hallmarks of neuropathological disorders are for instance accumulated, mis-folded protein aggregates and damaged mitochondria. The nucleolus has been recognized as central hub in the cellular stress response. It represents a sub-nuclear organelle essential for ribosome biogenesis and also functions as stress sensor by mediating cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Thus, proper nucleolar function is mandatory for cell growth and survival. Here, I highlight the emerging role of nucleolar factors in the regulation of autophagy. Moreover, I discuss the nucleolar stress response as a novel signaling pathway in the context of autophagy, health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Pfister
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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37
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The function of histone acetylation in cervical cancer development. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190527. [PMID: 30886064 PMCID: PMC6465204 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common female cancer in the world. It is well known that cervical cancer is closely related to high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, epigenetics has increasingly been recognized for its role in tumorigenesis. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression levels based on non-gene sequence changes, primarily through transcription or translation of genes regulation, thus affecting its function and characteristics. Typical post-translational modifications (PTMs) include acetylation, propionylation, butyrylation, malonylation and succinylation, among which the acetylation modification of lysine sites has been studied more clearly so far. The acetylation modification of lysine residues in proteins is involved in many aspects of cellular life activities, including carbon metabolism, transcriptional regulation, amino acid metabolism and so on. In this review, we summarize the latest discoveries on cervical cancer development arising from the aspect of acetylation, especially histone acetylation.
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Larrieu D, Viré E, Robson S, Breusegem SY, Kouzarides T, Jackson SP. Inhibition of the acetyltransferase NAT10 normalizes progeric and aging cells by rebalancing the Transportin-1 nuclear import pathway. Sci Signal 2018; 11:eaar5401. [PMID: 29970603 PMCID: PMC6331045 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aar5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an incurable premature aging disease. Identifying deregulated biological processes in HGPS might thus help define novel therapeutic strategies. Fibroblasts from HGPS patients display defects in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the GTP-bound form of the small GTPase Ran (RanGTP), which leads to abnormal transport of proteins into the nucleus. We report that microtubule stabilization in HGPS cells sequestered the nonclassical nuclear import protein Transportin-1 (TNPO1) in the cytoplasm, thus affecting the nuclear localization of its cargo, including the nuclear pore protein NUP153. Consequently, nuclear Ran, nuclear anchorage of the nucleoporin TPR, and chromatin organization were disrupted, deregulating gene expression and inducing senescence. Inhibiting N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) ameliorated HGPS phenotypes by rebalancing the nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio of TNPO1. This restored nuclear pore complex integrity and nuclear Ran localization, thereby correcting HGPS cellular phenotypes. We observed a similar mechanism in cells from healthy aged individuals. This study identifies a nuclear import pathway affected in aging and underscores the potential for NAT10 inhibition as a possible therapeutic strategy for HGPS and perhaps also for pathologies associated with normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Larrieu
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.
| | - Emmanuelle Viré
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Samuel Robson
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Sophia Y Breusegem
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Tony Kouzarides
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Stephen P Jackson
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.
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39
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Tan Y, Zheng J, Liu X, Lu M, Zhang C, Xing B, Du X. Loss of nucleolar localization of NAT10 promotes cell migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:1032-1038. [PMID: 29634924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NAT10, a nucleolar acetyltransferase, participates in a variety of cellular processes including ribosome biogenesis and DNA damage response. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that cytoplasmic and membranous NAT10 is related to the clinical pathologic characteristics in human cancer tissues. However, the mechanism about how NAT10 translocates from the nucleolus to cytoplasm and membrane is unclear. Here, we obtain a NAT10 deletion mutant localizing in cytoplasm and membrane. Bioinformatics analysis showed that residues 68-75 and 989-1018 are two potential nuclear localization signals (NLS) of NAT10. GFP-NAT10 deletion mutant (Δ989-1018) predominantly translocates into cytoplasm with faint signal retained in the nucleolus, while GFP-NAT10(Δ68-75) still remains in the nucleolus and nucleoplasm, indicating residues 989-1018 is the main nucleolar localization signal (NuLS). GFP-NAT10-D3, with both fragments (residues 68-75 and 989-1018) deleted, completely excludes from the nucleolus and translocates to cytoplasm and membrane. Therefore, complete NuLSs of NAT10 should include residues 68-75 and 989-1018. The cytoplasmic and membranous NAT10 mutant (Flag-NAT10-D3) colocalizes with α-tubulin in cytoplasm and with integrin on cell membrane. Importantly, Flag-NAT10-D3 promotes α-tubulin acetylation and stabilizes microtubules. Consequently, Flag-NAT10-D3 promotes migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Statistical analysis of immunohistochemistry staining of NAT10 in HCC tissues demonstrates that the cytoplasmic NAT10 is correlated with poorer prognosis compared with nuclear NAT10, while the membranous NAT10 predicts the poorest clinical outcome of the patients. We thus provide the evidence for the function of cytoplasmic and membranous NAT10 in the metastasis and prognosis of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Baocai Xing
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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40
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Oh TI, Lee YM, Lim BO, Lim JH. Inhibition of NAT10 Suppresses Melanogenesis and Melanoma Growth by Attenuating Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor (MITF) Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091924. [PMID: 28880216 PMCID: PMC5618573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) has been considered a target for the treatment of human diseases such as cancer and laminopathies; however, its functional role in the biology of melanocytes is questionable. Using a small molecule or small interfering RNA targeting NAT10, we examined the effect of NAT10 inhibition on melanogenesis and melanoma growth in human and mouse melanoma cells. Genetic silencing or chemical inhibition of NAT10 resulted in diminished melanin synthesis through the suppression of melanogenesis-stimulating genes such as those encoding dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) and tyrosinase in B16F10 melanoma cells. In addition, NAT10 inhibition significantly increased cell cycle arrest in S-phase, thereby suppressing the growth and proliferation of malignant melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate the potential role of NAT10 in melanogenesis and melanoma growth through the regulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression and provide a promising strategy for the treatment of various skin diseases (melanoma) and pigmentation disorders (chloasma and freckles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taek-In Oh
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Yoon-Mi Lee
- Department of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Beong-Ou Lim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hong Lim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Chungbuk, Korea.
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