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Maleki MH, Omidi F, Javanshir Z, Bagheri M, Tanhadoroodzani Z, Dastghaib S, Shams M, Akbari M, Dastghaib S. β-Hydroxybutyrate and melatonin suppress maladaptive UPR, excessive autophagy and pyroptosis in Aβ 1-42 and LPS-Induced SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:802. [PMID: 39001949 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disease characterized by the build-up of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which causes synapse dysfunction, cell death, and neuro-inflammation. A maladaptive unfolded protein response (UPR), excessive autophagy, and pyroptosis aggravate the disease. Melatonin (MEL) and hydroxybutyrate (BHB) have both shown promise in terms of decreasing Aβ pathology. The goal of this study was to see how BHB and MEL affected the UPR, autophagy, and pyroptosis pathways in Aβ1-42 and LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with BHB, MEL, or a combination of the two after being exposed to A β1-42 and LPS. Cell viability was determined using the MTT test, and gene expression levels of UPR (ATF6, PERK, and CHOP), autophagy (Beclin-1, LC3II, P62, and Atg5), and pyroptosis-related markers (NLRP3, TXNIP, IL-1β, and NFκB1) were determined using quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA was employed, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS BHB and MEL significantly increased SH-SY5Y cell viability in the presence of A β1-42 and LPS. Both compounds inhibited the expression of maladaptive UPR and autophagy-related genes, as well as inflammatory and pyroptotic markers caused by Aβ1-42 and LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. CONCLUSION BHB and MEL rescue neurons in A β1-42 and LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells by reducing maladaptive UPR, excessive autophagy, and pyroptosis. More research is needed to fully comprehend the processes behind their beneficial effects and to discover their practical applications in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Maleki
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Omidi
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Javanshir
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahla Bagheri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Sahar Dastghaib
- School of Neurobiology Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Mesbah Shams
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadarian Akbari
- Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Telsi Academy, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
- Autophagy research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Shamsi A, Furkan M, Khan MS, Yadav DK, Shahwan M. Computational Screening of Repurposed Drugs for HMG-CoA Synthase 2 in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:475-485. [PMID: 38875044 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Background HMGCS2 (mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-COA synthase 2) plays a pivotal role as a control enzyme in ketogenesis, and its association with the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) in mitochondria implicates a potential involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Objective Our study aimed at identifying repurposed drugs using the DrugBank database capable of inhibiting HMGCS2 activity. Methods Exploiting the power of drug repurposing in conjunction with virtual screening and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations against 'HMGCS2', we present new in-silico insight into structure-based drug repurposing. Results The initial molecules were screened for their binding affinity to HMGCS2. Subsequent interaction analyses and extensive 300 ns MD simulations were conducted to explore the conformational dynamics and stability of HMGCS2 in complex with the screened molecules, particularly Penfluridol and Lurasidone. Conclusions The study revealed that HMGCS2 forms stable protein-ligand complexes with Penfluridol and Lurasidone. Our findings indicate that Penfluridol and Lurasidone competitively bind to HMGCS2 and warrant their further exploration as potential repurposed molecules for anti-Alzheimer's drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Shamsi
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Furkan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Jang J, Kim SR, Lee JE, Lee S, Son HJ, Choe W, Yoon KS, Kim SS, Yeo EJ, Kang I. Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroprotection by Ketone Bodies and Ketogenic Diet in Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:124. [PMID: 38203294 PMCID: PMC10779133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketone bodies (KBs), such as acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, serve as crucial alternative energy sources during glucose deficiency. KBs, generated through ketogenesis in the liver, are metabolized into acetyl-CoA in extrahepatic tissues, entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain for ATP production. Reduced glucose metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction correlate with increased neuronal death and brain damage during cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration. Both KBs and the ketogenic diet (KD) demonstrate neuroprotective effects by orchestrating various cellular processes through metabolic and signaling functions. They enhance mitochondrial function, mitigate oxidative stress and apoptosis, and regulate epigenetic and post-translational modifications of histones and non-histone proteins. Additionally, KBs and KD contribute to reducing neuroinflammation and modulating autophagy, neurotransmission systems, and gut microbiome. This review aims to explore the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the neuroprotective effects of KBs and KD against brain damage in cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Rim Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Jig Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Dunn E, Zhang B, Sahota VK, Augustin H. Potential benefits of medium chain fatty acids in aging and neurodegenerative disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1230467. [PMID: 37680538 PMCID: PMC10481710 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1230467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a large class of neurological disorders characterized by progressive dysfunction and death of neurones. Examples include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Aging is the primary risk factor for neurodegeneration; individuals over 65 are more likely to suffer from a neurodegenerative disease, with prevalence increasing with age. As the population ages, the social and economic burden caused by these diseases will increase. Therefore, new therapies that address both aging and neurodegeneration are imperative. Ketogenic diets (KDs) are low carbohydrate, high-fat diets developed initially as an alternative treatment for epilepsy. The classic ketogenic diet provides energy via long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs); naturally occurring medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), on the other hand, are the main components of the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic diet. MCT-based diets are more efficient at generating the ketone bodies that are used as a secondary energy source for neurones and astrocytes. However, ketone levels alone do not closely correlate with improved clinical symptoms. Recent findings suggest an alternative mode of action for the MCFAs, e.g., via improving mitochondrial biogenesis and glutamate receptor inhibition. MCFAs have been linked to the treatment of both aging and neurodegenerative disease via their effects on metabolism. Through action on multiple disease-related pathways, MCFAs are emerging as compounds with notable potential to promote healthy aging and ameliorate neurodegeneration. MCFAs have been shown to stimulate autophagy and restore mitochondrial function, which are found to be disrupted in aging and neurodegeneration. This review aims to provide insight into the metabolic benefits of MCFAs in neurodegenerative disease and healthy aging. We will discuss the use of MCFAs to combat dysregulation of autophagy and mitochondrial function in the context of "normal" aging, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hrvoje Augustin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
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García-Velázquez L, Massieu L. The proteomic effects of ketone bodies: implications for proteostasis and brain proteinopathies. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1214092. [PMID: 37575967 PMCID: PMC10413579 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1214092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports the beneficial effects of the ketone bodies (KBs), acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), on diverse physiological processes and diseases. Hence, KBs have been suggested as therapeutic tools for neurodegenerative diseases. KBs are an alternative fuel during fasting and starvation as they can be converted to Ac-CoA to produce ATP. A ketogenic diet (KD), enriched in fats and low in carbohydrates, induces KB production in the liver and favors their use in the brain. BHB is the most abundant KB in the circulation; in addition to its role as energy fuel, it exerts many actions that impact the set of proteins in the cell and tissue. BHB can covalently bind to proteins in lysine residues as a new post-translational modification (PTM) named β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb). Kbhb has been identified in many proteins where Kbhb sites can be critical for binding to other proteins or cofactors. Kbhb is mostly found in proteins involved in chromatin structure, DNA repair, regulation of spliceosome, transcription, and oxidative phosphorylation. Histones are the most studied family of proteins with this PTM, and H3K9bhb is the best studied histone mark. Their target genes are mainly related to cell metabolism, chromatin remodeling and the control of circadian rhythms. The role of Kbhb on physiological processes is poorly known, but it might link KB metabolism to cell signaling and genome regulation. BHB also impacts the proteome by influencing proteostasis. This KB can modulate the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and autophagy, two processes involved in the maintenance of protein homeostasis through the clearance of accumulated unfolded and damaged proteins. BHB can support proteostasis and regulate the UPR to promote metabolism adaptation in the liver and prevent cell damage in the brain. Also, BHB stimulates autophagy aiding to the degradation of accumulated proteins. Protein aggregation is common to proteinopathies like Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases, where the KD and BHB treatment have shown favorable effects. In the present review, the current literature supporting the effects of KBs on proteome conformation and proteostasis is discussed, as well as its possible impact on AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lourdes Massieu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Mexico
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Madhavan SS, Roa Diaz S, Peralta S, Nomura M, King CD, Lin A, Bhaumik D, Shah S, Blade T, Gray W, Chamoli M, Eap B, Panda O, Diaz D, Garcia TY, Stubbs BJ, Lithgow GJ, Schilling B, Verdin E, Chaudhuri AR, Newman JC. β-hydroxybutyrate is a metabolic regulator of proteostasis in the aged and Alzheimer disease brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.03.547547. [PMID: 37461525 PMCID: PMC10349929 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Loss of proteostasis is a hallmark of aging and Alzheimer disease (AD). Here, we identify β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), a ketone body, as a regulator of protein solubility in the aging brain. βHB is a small molecule metabolite which primarily provides an oxidative substrate for ATP during hypoglycemic conditions, and also regulates other cellular processes through covalent and noncovalent protein interactions. We demonstrate βHB-induced protein insolubility across in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo mouse systems. This activity is shared by select structurally similar metabolites, is not dependent on covalent protein modification, pH, or solute load, and is observable in mouse brain in vivo after delivery of a ketone ester. Furthermore, this phenotype is selective for pathological proteins such as amyloid-β, and exogenous βHB ameliorates pathology in nematode models of amyloid-β aggregation toxicity. We have generated a comprehensive atlas of the βHB-induced protein insolublome ex vivo and in vivo using mass spectrometry proteomics, and have identified common protein domains within βHB target sequences. Finally, we show enrichment of neurodegeneration-related proteins among βHB targets and the clearance of these targets from mouse brain, likely via βHB-induced autophagy. Overall, these data indicate a new metabolically regulated mechanism of proteostasis relevant to aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Madhavan
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Roa Diaz
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Peralta
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - M Nomura
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - C D King
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - A Lin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - D Bhaumik
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - S Shah
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - T Blade
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - W Gray
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - M Chamoli
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - B Eap
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - O Panda
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - D Diaz
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - T Y Garcia
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B J Stubbs
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - G J Lithgow
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Schilling
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A R Chaudhuri
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - J C Newman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Hu LT, Xie XY, Zhou GF, Wen QX, Song L, Luo B, Deng XJ, Pan QL, Chen GJ. HMGCS2-Induced Autophagic Degradation of Tau Involves Ketone Body and ANKRD24. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:407-426. [PMID: 36442191 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau (pTau) contributes to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and targeting Tau/pTau metabolism has emerged as a therapeutic approach. We have previously reported that mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-COA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) is involved in AD by promoting autophagic clearance of amyloid-β protein precursor via ketone body-associated mechanism, whether HMGCS2 may also regulate Tau metabolism remains elusive. OBJECTIVE The present study was to investigate the role of HMGCS2 in Tau/p degradation. METHODS The protein levels of Tau and pTau including pT217 and pT181, as well as autophagic markers LAMP1 and LC3-II were assessed by western blotting. The differentially regulated genes by HMGCS2 were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Autophagosomes were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS HMGCS2 significantly decreased Tau/pTau levels, which was paralleled by enhanced formation of autophagic vacuoles and prevented by autophagic regulators chloroquine, bafilomycin A1, 3-methyladenine, and rapamycin. Moreover, HMGCS2-induced alterations of LAMP1/LC3-II and Tau/pTau levels were mimicked by ketone body acetoacetate or β-hydroxybutyrate. Further RNA-sequencing identified ankyrin repeat domain 24 (ANKRD24) as a target gene of HMGCS2, and silencing of ANKRD24 reduced LAMP1/LC3-II levels, which was accompanied by the altered formation of autophagic vacuoles, and diminished the effect of HMGCS2 on Tau/pTau. CONCLUSION HMGCS2 promoted autophagic clearance of Tau/pTau, in which ketone body and ANKRD24 played an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tian Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi-Xin Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Pan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Jiang Z, Yin X, Wang M, Chen T, Wang Y, Gao Z, Wang Z. Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1146-1165. [PMID: 35855338 PMCID: PMC9286903 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhongbao Gao
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Zhenfu Wang () and Dr. Zhongbao Gao (), The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhenfu Wang
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Zhenfu Wang () and Dr. Zhongbao Gao (), The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Li J, Du J, Wang Y, Jia H. A Coagulation-Related Gene-Based Prognostic Model for Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:722992. [PMID: 34621293 PMCID: PMC8490773 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.722992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common type of metastatic breast cancer. Due to the lack of valuable molecular biomarkers, the diagnosis and prognosis of IDC remain a challenge. A large number of studies have confirmed that coagulation is positively correlated with angiogenesis-related factors in metastatic breast cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to construct a COAGULATION-related genes signature for IDC using the bioinformatics approaches. Methods: The 50 hallmark gene sets were obtained from the molecular signature database (MsigDB) to conduct Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was applied to analyze the enrichment of HALLMARK_COAGULATION. The COAGULATION-related genes were extracted from the gene set. Then, Limma Package was used to identify the differentially expressed COAGULATION-related genes (DECGs) between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) samples in GSE26340 data set. A total of 740 IDC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were divided into a training set and a validation set (7:3). The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to construct a risk signature, which divided the IDC samples into the high- and low-risk groups. The overall survival (OS) curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were drawn in both training set and validation set. Finally, a nomogram was constructed to predict the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year survival rates of IDC patients. Quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to verify the expression levels of the prognostic genes. Results: The "HALLMARK_COAGULATION" was significantly activated in IDC. There was a significant difference in the clinicopathological parameters between the DCIS and IDC patients. Twenty-four DECGs were identified, of which five genes (SERPINA1, CAPN2, HMGCS2, MMP7, and PLAT) were screened to construct the prognostic model. The high-risk group showed a significantly lower survival rate than the low-risk group both in the training set and validation set (p=3.5943e-06 and p=0.014243). The risk score was demonstrated to be an independent predictor of IDC prognosis. A nomogram including risk score, pathological_stage, and pathological_N provided a quantitative method to predict the survival probability of 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year in IDC patients. The results of decision curve analysis (DCA) further demonstrated that the nomogram had a high potential for clinical utility. Conclusion: This study established a COAGULATION-related gene signature and showed its prognostic value in IDC through a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, which may provide a potential new prognostic mean for patients with IDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiajia Du
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongyan Jia
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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10
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Sridharan B, Lee MJ. Ketogenic diet: A promising neuroprotective composition for managing Alzheimer's diseases and its pathological mechanisms. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:640-656. [PMID: 34607541 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666211004104703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ketogenic diet and ketone bodies gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to influence the specific energy metabolism and restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis that can help in hindering the progression of many metabolic diseases including diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Ketogenic diet consists of high fat and low carbohydrate contents which makes the body glucose deprived and rely on alternative sources (ketone bodies) for energy. It has been initially designed and supplemented for the treatment of epilepsy and later its influence on many energy-deriving biochemical pathways made it a highly sorted food supplement for many metabolic diseases and even by healthy individuals for body building and calorie restriction. Among the reported therapeutic action over a range of diseases, neurodegenerative disorders especially Alzheimer's disease gained the attention of many researchers and clinicians because of its potency and its easier supplementation as a food additive. Complex pathology and multiple influencing factors of Alzheimer's disease make exploration of its therapeutic strategies a demanding task. It was a common phenomenon that energy deprivation in neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, to progress rapidly. The ability of ketone bodies to stabilize the mitochondrial energy metabolism makes it a suitable intervening agent. In this review, we will discuss various research progress made with regards to ketone bodies/ketogenic diet for management of Alzheimer's disease and elaborate in detail about the mechanisms that are influenced during their therapeutic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrinathan Sridharan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifeng East Road, Taichung. Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jen Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifeng East Road, Taichung. Taiwan
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11
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Chen J, Luo B, Zhong BR, Li KY, Wen QX, Song L, Xiang XJ, Zhou GF, Hu LT, Deng XJ, Ma YL, Chen GJ. Sulfuretin exerts diversified functions in the processing of amyloid precursor protein. Genes Dis 2021; 8:867-881. [PMID: 34522714 PMCID: PMC8427253 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfuretin is a flavonoid that protects cell from damage induced by reactive oxygen species and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of sulfuretin in the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), in association with the two catalytic enzymes the α-secretase a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM10), and the beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) that play important roles in the generation of β amyloid protein (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We found that sulfuretin increased the levels of the immature but not the mature form of ADAM10 protein. The enhanced ADAM10 transcription by sulfuretin was mediated by the nucleotides −444 to −300 in the promoter region, and was attenuated by silencing or mutation of transcription factor retinoid X receptor (RXR) and by GW6471, a specific inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α). We further found that sulfuretin preferentially increased protein levels of the immature form of APP (im-APP) but significantly reduced those of BACE1, sAPPβ and β-CTF, whereas Aβ1-42 levels were slightly increased. Finally, the effect of sulfuretin on BACE1 and im-APP was selectively attenuated by the translation inhibitor cycloheximide and by lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine, respectively. Taken together, (1) RXR/PPAR-α signaling was involved in sulfuretin-mediated ADAM10 transcription. (2) Alteration of Aβ protein level by sulfuretin was not consistent with that of ADAM10 and BACE1 protein levels, but was consistent with the elevated level of im-APP protein, suggesting that im-APP, an isoform mainly localized to trans-Golgi network, plays an important role in Aβ generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Bi-Rou Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Kun-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Qi-Xin Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Gui-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Li-Tian Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.,Department of Neurology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Juan Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yuan-Lin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
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12
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Liśkiewicz D, Liśkiewicz A, Nowacka-Chmielewska MM, Grabowski M, Pondel N, Grabowska K, Student S, Barski JJ, Małecki A. Differential Response of Hippocampal and Cerebrocortical Autophagy and Ketone Body Metabolism to the Ketogenic Diet. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:733607. [PMID: 34456688 PMCID: PMC8385303 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.733607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical data support the neuroprotective properties of the ketogenic diet and ketone bodies, but there is still a lot to discover to comprehensively understand the underlying mechanisms. Autophagy is a key mechanism for maintaining cell homeostasis, and therefore its proper function is necessary for preventing accelerated brain aging and neurodegeneration. Due to many potential interconnections, it is possible that the stimulation of autophagy may be one of the mediators of the neuroprotection afforded by the ketogenic diet. Recent studies point to possible interconnections between ketone body metabolism and autophagy. It has been shown that autophagy is essential for hepatic and renal ketogenesis in starvation. On the other hand, exogenous ketone bodies modulate autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Many regional differences occur between brain structures which concern i.e., metabolic responses and autophagy dynamics. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the ketogenic diet on autophagic markers and the ketone body utilizing and transporting proteins in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. C57BL/6N male mice were fed with two ketogenic chows composed of fat of either animal or plant origins for 4 weeks. Markers of autophagosome formation as well as proteins associated with ketolysis (BDH1-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1, SCOT/OXCT1-succinyl CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase), ketone transport (MCT1-monocarboxylate transporter 1) and ketogenesis (HMGCL, HMGCS2) were measured. The hippocampus showed a robust response to nutritional ketosis in both changes in the markers of autophagy as well as the levels of ketone body utilizing and transporting proteins, which was also accompanied by increased concentrations of ketone bodies in this brain structure, while subtle changes were observed in the frontal cortex. The magnitude of the effects was dependent on the type of ketogenic diet used, suggesting that plant fats may exert a more profound effect on the orchestrated upregulation of autophagy and ketone body metabolism markers. The study provides a foundation for a deeper understanding of the possible interconnections between autophagy and the neuroprotective efficacy of nutritional ketosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Liśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Liśkiewicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta M Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Grabowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Natalia Pondel
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Konstancja Grabowska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.,Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw J Barski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Małecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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13
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Sen T, Heerspink HJL. A kidney perspective on the mechanism of action of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Cell Metab 2021; 33:732-739. [PMID: 33691091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors reduce the risk of kidney failure in patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although the precise underlying mechanisms for these nephroprotective effects are incompletely understood, various hypotheses have been proposed including reductions in intraglomerular pressure through restoration of tubuloglomerular feedback, blood pressure reduction and favorable effects on vascular function, reduction in tubular workload and hypoxia, and metabolic effects resulting in increased autophagy. Here, we review these mechanisms, which may also explain the beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on kidney function in patients without T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Sen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hiddo J L Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.
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14
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Packer M. Role of ketogenic starvation sensors in mediating the renal protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107647. [PMID: 32534886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors ameliorate the progression of diabetic chronic kidney disease, but the mechanisms underlying this nephroprotective effect have not been fully elucidated. These drugs induce a fasting-like transcriptional paradigm, which includes activation of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and its downstream effectors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). This triad of enzymes and transcription factors serve as master regulators of nutrient and cellular homeostasis, and each acts to enhance gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, the hallmarks of treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors. At the same time, SIRT1/PGC-1α/FGF21 signaling also promotes autophagy, a lysosome-dependent degradative pathway that cleanses the cytosol of dysfunctional organelles. This action alleviates cellular stress, ameliorates inflammation, and is strikingly nephroprotective. Interestingly, type 2 diabetes is characterized by both a deficiency of SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling and an impairment of autophagic flux, thus explaining the high levels of oxidative stress in the diabetic kidney. SIRT1 gene polymorphisms have been linked with an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy in several epidemiological studies. Importantly, there is an inverse relationship between the activity of SGLT2 and signaling through the SIRT1/PGC-1α/FGF21 pathway, and SGLT2 inhibition leads to activation of these ketogenic nutrient deprivation sensors. Therefore, activation of SIRT1/PGC-1α/FGF21 may explain the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors not only to promote ketogenesis, but also to preserve renal function in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Imperial College, London, UK.
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15
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Quantitative proteomics to study aging in rabbit liver. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 187:111227. [PMID: 32126221 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aging globally effects cellular and organismal metabolism across a range of mammalian species, including humans and rabbits. Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus are an attractive model system of aging due to their genetic similarity with humans and their short lifespans. This model can be used to understand metabolic changes in aging especially in major organs such as liver where we detected pronounced variations in fat metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein degradation. Such changes in the liver are consistent across several mammalian species however in rabbits the downstream effects of these changes have not yet been explored. We have applied proteomics to study changes in the liver proteins from young, middle, and old age rabbits using a multiplexing cPILOT strategy. This resulted in the identification of 2,586 liver proteins, among which 45 proteins had significant p < 0.05) changes with aging. Seven proteins were differentially-expressed at all ages and include fatty acid binding protein, aldehyde dehydrogenase, enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, apolipoprotein C3, peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase, adhesion G-protein coupled receptor, and glutamate ionotropic receptor kinate. Insights to how alterations in metabolism affect protein expression in liver have been gained and demonstrate the utility of rabbit as a model of aging.
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16
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Kawashima Y, Watanabe E, Umeyama T, Nakajima D, Hattori M, Honda K, Ohara O. Optimization of Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry for Deep and Highly Sensitive Proteomic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235932. [PMID: 31779068 PMCID: PMC6928715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Data-independent acquisition (DIA)-mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analysis overtop the existing data-dependent acquisition (DDA)-MS-based proteomic analysis to enable deep proteome coverage and precise relative quantitative analysis in single-shot liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS. However, DIA-MS-based proteomic analysis has not yet been optimized in terms of system robustness and throughput, particularly for its practical applications. We established a single-shot LC-MS/MS system with an MS measurement time of 90 min for a highly sensitive and deep proteomic analysis by optimizing the conditions of DIA and nanoLC. We identified 7020 and 4068 proteins from 200 ng and 10 ng, respectively, of tryptic floating human embryonic kidney cells 293 (HEK293F) cell digest by performing the constructed LC-MS method with a protein sequence database search. The numbers of identified proteins from 200 ng and 10 ng of tryptic HEK293F increased to 8509 and 5706, respectively, by searching the chromatogram library created by gas-phase fractionated DIA. Moreover, DIA protein quantification was highly reproducible, with median coefficients of variation of 4.3% in eight replicate analyses. We could demonstrate the power of this system by applying the proteomic analysis to detect subtle changes in protein profiles between cerebrums in germ-free and specific pathogen-free mice, which successfully showed that >40 proteins were differentially produced between the cerebrums in the presence or absence of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba 292-0818, Japan; (Y.K.); (D.N.)
| | - Eiichiro Watanabe
- Laboratory for Gut Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (E.W.); (K.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taichi Umeyama
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (T.U.); (M.H.)
| | - Daisuke Nakajima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba 292-0818, Japan; (Y.K.); (D.N.)
| | - Masahira Hattori
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (T.U.); (M.H.)
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kenya Honda
- Laboratory for Gut Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (E.W.); (K.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba 292-0818, Japan; (Y.K.); (D.N.)
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-438-52-391; Fax: +81-438-52-3914
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17
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Wan S, Xi M, Zhao HB, Hua W, Liu YL, Zhou YL, Zhuo YJ, Liu ZZ, Cai ZD, Wan YP, Zhong WD. HMGCS2 functions as a tumor suppressor and has a prognostic impact in prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Xiang XJ, Song L, Deng XJ, Tang Y, Min Z, Luo B, Wen QX, Li KY, Chen J, Ma YL, Zhu BL, Yan Z, Chen GJ. Mitochondrial methionine sulfoxide reductase B2 links oxidative stress to Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:145-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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19
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Potential Role of HMGCS2 in Tumor Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer and Its Potential Use as a Diagnostic Marker. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 2019:8348967. [PMID: 31355161 PMCID: PMC6634068 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8348967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HMGCS2 is the rate-limiting enzyme of ketogenesis, which is vital for tumor initiation or metastasis. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between HMGCS2 and tumor angiogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study consisted of 100 cases with colorectal cancer and healthy control, the expression of HMGCS2 and the microvessel density (MVD) (marker: CD31) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and tube formation, and the centration of β-hydroxybutyrate in serum was assessed by biochemical analysis. RESULTS The results showed that HMGCS2 expression is significantly reduced in colorectal cancer compared with healthy control, which is inversely correlated with MVD in colorectal cancer by IHC analysis. What is more, knockdown HMGCS2 expression in HT-29 cells significantly contributed endothelial cell tube formation. CONCLUSION These findings implying HMGCS2 may have a negative regulation of tumor angiogenesis and provide an approach to inhibit tumor angiogenesis.
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20
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Tang Y, Min Z, Xiang XJ, Liu L, Ma YL, Zhu BL, Song L, Tang J, Deng XJ, Yan Z, Chen GJ. Estrogen-related receptor alpha is involved in Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Exp Neurol 2018; 305:89-96. [PMID: 29641978 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is a transcriptional factor associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. However, little is known about the role of ERRα in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report that in APP/PS1 mice, an animal model of AD, ERRα protein and mRNA were decreased in a region- and age-dependent manner. In HEK293 cells that stably express human full-length β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), overexpression of ERRα inhibited the amyloidogenic processing of APP and consequently reduced Aβ1-40/1-42 level. ERRα overexpression also attenuated Tau phosphorylation at selective sites, with the concomitant reduction of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity. Interestingly, alterations of APP processing and Tau phosphorylation induced by hydrogen peroxide were reversed by ERRα overexpression in HEK/APP cells. These results indicated that ERRα plays a functional role in AD pathology. By attenuating both amyloidogenesis and Tau phosphorylation, ERRα may serve as a potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhuo Min
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Xiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Thirteenth people's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Ma
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bing-Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Deng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China.
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21
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Min Z, Tang Y, Hu XT, Zhu BL, Ma YL, Zha JS, Deng XJ, Yan Z, Chen GJ. Cosmosiin Increases ADAM10 Expression via Mechanisms Involving 5'UTR and PI3K Signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:198. [PMID: 29942252 PMCID: PMC6004422 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-secretase “a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein” (ADAM10) is involved in the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Upregulation of ADAM10 precludes the generation of neurotoxic β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and represents a plausible therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we explored compounds that can potentially promote the expression of ADAM10. Therefore, we performed high-throughput small-molecule screening in SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma) cells that stably express a luciferase reporter gene driven by the ADAM10 promoter, including a portion of its 5’-untranslated region (5’UTR). This has led to the discovery of cosmosiin (apigenin 7-O-β-glucoside). Here, we report that in human cell lines (SH-SY5Y and HEK293), cosmosiin proportionally increased the levels of the immature and mature forms of the ADAM10 protein without altering its mRNA level. This effect was attenuated by translation inhibitors or by deleting the 5’UTR of ADAM10, suggesting that a translational mechanism was responsible for the increased levels of ADAM10. Luciferase deletion assays revealed that the first 144 nucleotides of the 5’UTR were necessary for mediating the cosmosiin-induced enhancement of ADAM10 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Cosmosiin failed to increase the levels of the ADAM10 protein in murine cells, which lack native expression of the ADAM10 transcript containing the identified 5’UTR element. The potential signaling pathway may involve phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) because pharmacological inhibition of PI3K attenuated the effect of cosmosiin on the expression of the ADAM10 protein. Finally, cosmosiin attenuated Aβ generation because the levels of Aβ40/42 in HEK-APP cells were significantly reduced after cosmosiin treatment. Collectively, we found that the first 144 nucleotides of the ADAM10 5’UTR, and PI3K signaling, are involved in cosmosiin-induced enhancement of the expression of ADAM10 protein. These results suggest that cosmosiin may be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Min
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing-Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing-Si Zha
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
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22
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Gonzalez TL, Sun T, Koeppel AF, Lee B, Wang ET, Farber CR, Rich SS, Sundheimer LW, Buttle RA, Chen YDI, Rotter JI, Turner SD, Williams J, Goodarzi MO, Pisarska MD. Sex differences in the late first trimester human placenta transcriptome. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:4. [PMID: 29335024 PMCID: PMC5769539 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Development of the placenta during the late first trimester is critical to ensure normal growth and development of the fetus. Developmental differences in this window such as sex-specific variation are implicated in later placental disease states, yet gene expression at this time is poorly understood. Methods RNA-sequencing was performed to characterize the transcriptome of 39 first trimester human placentas using chorionic villi following genetic testing (17 females, 22 males). Gene enrichment analysis was performed to find enriched canonical pathways and gene ontologies in the first trimester. DESeq2 was used to find sexually dimorphic gene expression. Patient demographics were analyzed for sex differences in fetal weight at time of chorionic villus sampling and birth. Results RNA-sequencing analyses detected 14,250 expressed genes, with chromosome 19 contributing the greatest proportion (973/2852, 34.1% of chromosome 19 genes) and Y chromosome contributing the least (16/568, 2.8%). Several placenta-enriched genes as well as histone-coding genes were identified to be unique to the first trimester and common to both sexes. Further, we identified 58 genes with significantly different expression between males and females: 25 X-linked, 15 Y-linked, and 18 autosomal genes. Genes that escape X inactivation were highly represented (59.1%) among X-linked genes upregulated in females. Many genes differentially expressed by sex consisted of X/Y gene pairs, suggesting that dosage compensation plays a role in sex differences. These X/Y pairs had roles in parallel, ancient canonical pathways important for eukaryotic cell growth and survival: chromatin modification, transcription, splicing, and translation. Conclusions This study is the first characterization of the late first trimester placenta transcriptome, highlighting similarities and differences among the sexes in ongoing human pregnancies resulting in live births. Sexual dimorphism may contribute to pregnancy outcomes, including fetal growth and birth weight, which was seen in our cohort, with males significantly heavier than females at birth. This transcriptome provides a basis for development of early diagnostic tests of placental function that can indicate overall pregnancy heath, fetal-maternal health, and long-term adult health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13293-018-0165-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania L Gonzalez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tianyanxin Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander F Koeppel
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bora Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erica T Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lauren W Sundheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rae A Buttle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen D Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John Williams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margareta D Pisarska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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23
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Rescigno T, Capasso A, Tecce MF. Involvement of nutrients and nutritional mediators in mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase gene expression. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3306-3314. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rescigno
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Fisciano Salerno Italy
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miR-107-mediated decrease of HMGCS2 indicates poor outcomes and promotes cell migration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 91:53-59. [PMID: 28867541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGCS2) has been implicated in human cancers, but its role and clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. Here, we show that HMGCS2 is downregulated and exhibits antimetastatic potential in HCC. Low expression of HMGCS2 was associated with poor tumor differentiation, vascular invasion and worse overall and disease-free survivals in two independent cohorts consisting of 743 cases. In vitro data demonstrated HMGCS2 overexpression suppressed, whereas HMGCS2 silence promoted HCC cell migration via Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process and the activation of ERK/c-Jun signaling pathway. Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation by PD098059 markedly attenuated the malignant phenotypes mediated by HMGCS2 siRNA. Furthermore, miR-107 was identified as an upstream regulator of HMGCS2 via directly targeting the 3'-UTR of HMGCS2 mRNA. Collectively, our findings suggest HMGCS2 serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and exert anti-tumor activity towards HCC, and therefore provide a potential target for HCC clinical intervention.
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