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Zhai Y, Tian W, Chen K, Lan L, Kan J, Shi H. Flagella-mediated adhesion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to surface of stainless steel, glass and fresh produces during sublethal injury and recovery. Food Microbiol 2024; 117:104383. [PMID: 37918998 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
E. coli O157:H7 can be induced into sublethally injured (SI) state by lactic acid (LA) and regain activity in nutrient environments. This research clarified the role of flagella-related genes (fliD, fliS, cheA and motA) in adhesion of E. coli O157:H7 onto stainless steel, glass, lettuce, spinach, red cabbage and cucumber during LA-induced SI and recovery by plate counting. Results of adhesion showed improper flagellar rotation caused by the deletion of motA resulting in the decreased adhesion. Motility of wildtype determined by diameter of motility halo decreased in SI state and repaired with recovery time increasing, lagging behind changes in expression of flagella-related genes. Flagellar function-impaired strains all exhibited non-motile property. Thus, we speculated that flagella-mediated motility is critical in early stage of adhesion. We also found the effects of Fe2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+ on adhesion or motility of wildtype was independent of bacterial states. However, the addition of Ca2+ and Mn2+ did not affect motility of flagellar function-impaired strains as they did on wildtype. This research provides new insights to understand the role of flagella and cations in bacterial adhesion, which will aid in development of anti-adhesion agents to reduce bio-contamination in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhai
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Weina Tian
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Linshu Lan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hui Shi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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2
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Sun XM, Yoshida A, Toutani F, Shimizu T, Oda T, Osatomi K. Cloning, DNA sequence, and expression of flagellins from high and low virulence strains of Edwardsiella tarda and their macrophage-stimulating activities. Microb Pathog 2023; 176:105993. [PMID: 36657690 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is a causative pathogen of edwardsiellosis in fish. Our previous studies on high (NUF251) and low (NUF194) virulent strains of E. tarda demonstrated that NUF251 strain induced significantly higher levels of NO and TNF-α from fish and mouse macrophages than NUF194 strain. Subsequent studies suggested that a flagellin-like protein secreted from E. tarda might be a responsible factor for the macrophage-stimulating activities. To evaluate the activities of flagellins of E. tarda, in this study, the flagellin genes of NUF251 and NUF194 strains were isolated by PCR and cloned into pQE-30 and pCold I expression vectors, and then the recombinant flagellins of two strains were overexpressed in E. coli JM109 and pG-Tf/BL21, respectively. The molecular weight of the purified recombinant flagellins of NUF251 and NUF194 strains were estimated to be 45 kDa and 37 kDa, respectively on SDS-PAGE analysis. Referring the three-dimensional structure of Salmonella flagellin, which has been reported to have 4 domains (D0, D1, D2, and D3), high sequence homology between two flagellins of E. tarda was observed at conservative domain (D0 and D1) regions, whereas the sequences equivalent to D2 and D3 domains were different, and even equivalent to 57 amino acids were deleted in NUF194. Both recombinant flagellins induced NO production, mRNA expression level of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and intercellular ROS production in mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells. Also, the secretion of TNF-α and its mRNA expression level were increased by treatment of both recombinant flagellins. These results indicate that the recombinant flagellins from different virulent E. tarda strains can stimulate macrophages with nearly equal levels as judged by the parameters tested, even though they are differences in the structure and molecular weight, suggesting that conservative D0 and D1 domains are sufficient structural elements for the recombinant flagellins to induce a certain level of macrophage-stimulation in vitro. Further studies are necessary focusing on the role of D2 and D3 domain regions of the recombinant flagellins as macrophage-stimulating agent as well as their influence on host immune system in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mi Sun
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Asami Yoshida
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Fukutarou Toutani
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan; Fisheries and Ocean Technologies Center, Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, 6-21-1 Hatami, Ondo, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-1207, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Osatomi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
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3
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Gao Q, Yi S, Li Y, Luo J, Xing Q, Yang X, Zhao M, Min M, Wang Q, Wang Y, Ma L, Peng S. The Role of Flagellin B in Vibrio anguillarum-Induced Intestinal Immunity and Functional Domain Identification. Front Immunol 2021; 12:774233. [PMID: 34912344 PMCID: PMC8667730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.774233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio anguillarum, an opportunistic pathogen of aquatic animals, moves using a filament comprised of polymerised flagellin proteins. Flagellins are essential virulence factors for V. anguillarum infection. Herein, we investigated the effects of flagellins (flaA, flaB, flaC, flaD and flaE) on cell apoptosis, TLR5 expression, and production of IL-8 and TNF-α. FlaB exhibited the strongest immunostimulation effects. To explore the functions of flaB in infection, we constructed a flaB deletion mutant using a two-step recombination method, and in vitro experiments showed a significant decrease in the expression of TLR5 and inflammatory cytokines compared with wild-type cells. However in the in vivo study, expression of inflammatory cytokines and intestinal mucosal structure showed no significant differences between groups. Additionally, flaB induced a significant increase in TLR5 expression based on microscopy analysis of fluorescently labelled TLR5, indicating interactions between the two proteins, which was confirmed by native PAGE and yeast two-hybrid assay. Molecular simulation of interactions between flaB and TLR5 was performed to identify the residues involved in binding, revealing two binding sites. Then, based on molecular dynamics simulations, we carried out thirteen site-directed mutations occurring at the amino acid sites of Q57, N83, N87, R91, D94, E122, D152, N312, R313, N320, L97, H316, I324 in binding regions of flaB protein by TLR5, respectively. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was employed to compare the affinities of flaB mutants for TLR5, and D152, D94, I324, N87, R313, N320 and H316 were found to mediate interactions between flaB and TLR5. Our comprehensive and systematic analysis of V. anguillarum flagellins establishes the groundwork for future design of flagellin-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources, Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Shaokui Yi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources, Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources, Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Jinping Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources, Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources, Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources, Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghua Min
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yabing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingbo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Gao Q, Yi S, Luo J, Xing Q, Lv J, Wang P, Wang C, Li Y. Construction of a Vibrio anguillarum flagellin B mutant and analysis of its immuno-stimulation effects on Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:457-465. [PMID: 33493561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio anguillarum is a globally distributed aquatic pathogen, and its flagellin B (FlaB) protein can evoke innate immune responses in hosts. In order to explore the role of FlaB in V. anguillarum infection, we constructed a FlaB-deficient mutant using overlapping PCR and two-step homologous recombination, and gene sequencing confirmed successful knockout of the FlaB gene. Scanning electron microscopy showed no significant differences in the morphological structure of the flagellum between wild-type and FlaB-deficient strains. The mutant was subsequently injected into the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) to explore its pathogenicity in the host, and expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88, prophenoloxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was investigated by real-time PCR. The results showed that deletion of FlaB had little effect on V. anguillarum-induced expression of these immune-related genes (p > 0.05). In general, the FlaB mutant displayed similar flagella morphology and immune characteristics to the wild-type strain, hence we speculated that knockout of FlaB might promote the expression and function of other flagellin proteins. Furthermore, this study provides a rapid and simple method for obtaining stable mutants of V. anguillarum free from foreign plasmid DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Shaokui Yi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Jinping Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Qianqian Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Jiali Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Panhuang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Cuihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China.
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Structural Conservation and Adaptation of the Bacterial Flagella Motor. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111492. [PMID: 33138111 PMCID: PMC7693769 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria require flagella for the ability to move, survive, and cause infection. The flagellum is a complex nanomachine that has evolved to increase the fitness of each bacterium to diverse environments. Over several decades, molecular, biochemical, and structural insights into the flagella have led to a comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of this fascinating nanomachine. Notably, X-ray crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) have elucidated the flagella and their components to unprecedented resolution, gleaning insights into their structural conservation and adaptation. In this review, we focus on recent structural studies that have led to a mechanistic understanding of flagellar assembly, function, and evolution.
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6
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Zheng R, Wu S, Sun C. MerF is a novel regulator of deep-sea Pseudomonas stutzeri flagellum biogenesis and motility. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:110-125. [PMID: 33047460 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MerF, a proposed bacterial mercury transporter, was surprisingly found to play key roles in the flagellum biogenesis and motility but not mercuric resistance of the deep-sea bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri 273 in our previous study. However, the mechanism behind this interesting discovery has not been elucidated. Here, we firstly applied the combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis to the P. stutzeri 273 wild type and merF deletion mutant. The results showed that expressions of extracellular flagellar components and FliS, a key factor controlling the biogenesis of extracellular flagellar filament, were significantly downregulated in the merF deletion mutant. In combination of genetic and biochemical methods, MerF was further demonstrated to regulate the expression of fliS via directly binding to its promoter, which is consistent with the discovery that MerF is essential for bacterial flagellum biogenesis and motility. Importantly, the expression of merF and fliS could be simultaneously upregulated by different heavy metals and MerF homologues exist in both bacterial and archaeal domains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report linking the heavy metal transporter and the flagellum biogenesis and motility in microorganisms, which provides a good model to investigate the unexplored adaptation strategies of deep-sea microbes against harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shimei Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaomin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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7
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Burtchett T, Love C, Sarkar R, Tripp BC. A structure-function study of C-terminal residues predicted to line the export channel in Salmonella Flagellin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129748. [PMID: 32980501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural studies of a Salmonella Typhimurium flagellin protein indicated that four polar or charged C-terminal amino acid residues line the inner channel of the flagellum. The hydrophilic character of these putative channel-lining residues was predicted to be essential to facilitate the transport of unfolded flagellin monomers during flagellar assembly. The structure-function relationship of these putative channel-lining residues was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis to examine effects of side chain polarity and size on flagella assembly and function. METHODS Channel-lining residue variants were generated using site-directed mutagenesis to substitute alanine and other residues to examine the effects of altered side-chain polarity on export and assembly. The export, in vivo motility function, and flagellar structure of variants was characterized by agar motility, video microscopy, immunofluorescence, and SDS-PAGE. RESULTS Alanine substitution yielded decreased motility and flagellar assembly for three of the four residues. However, alanine substitution of residue Arg 494 did not alter export, although substitution with negatively charged glutamate decreased motility and flagellar filament length. Furthermore, many of the C-terminal mutations affected flagellar filament morphology and stability, often resulting in more tightly coiled and/or more brittle flagella than the wild type. CONCLUSIONS The four channel-lining C-terminal residues may facilitate monomer protein transport but also have structural roles in determining the stability and morphology of the flagellum. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These results provide further insight into the complex process of bacterial flagellin export and flagellar assembly and provide evidence of previously unknown structural functions for the four putative channel-lining residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Burtchett
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, 1903 W. Michigan Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Chloe Love
- Kalamazoo College, Department of Biology, 1200 Academy St., Kalamazoo, MI 49006, USA
| | - Reshma Sarkar
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, 1903 W. Michigan Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Brian C Tripp
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, 1903 W. Michigan Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA.
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Ali A, Ahmad S, Wadood A, Rehman AU, Zahid H, Qayash Khan M, Nawab J, Rahman ZU, Alouffi AS. Modeling Novel Putative Drugs and Vaccine Candidates against Tick-Borne Pathogens: A Subtractive Proteomics Approach. Vet Sci 2020; 7:E129. [PMID: 32906620 PMCID: PMC7557734 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7030129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) continuously causing substantial losses to the public and veterinary health sectors. The identification of putative drug targets and vaccine candidates is crucial to control TBPs. No information has been recorded on designing novel drug targets and vaccine candidates based on proteins. Subtractive proteomics is an in silico approach that utilizes extensive screening for the identification of novel drug targets or vaccine candidates based on the determination of potential target proteins available in a pathogen proteome that may be used effectively to control diseases caused by these infectious agents. The present study aimed to investigate novel drug targets and vaccine candidates by utilizing subtractive proteomics to scan the available proteomes of TBPs and predict essential and non-host homologous proteins required for the survival of these diseases causing agents. Subtractive proteome analysis revealed a list of fifteen essential, non-host homologous, and unique metabolic proteins in the complete proteome of selected pathogens. Among these therapeutic target proteins, three were excluded due to the presence in host gut metagenome, eleven were found to be highly potential drug targets, while only one was found as a potential vaccine candidate against TBPs. The present study may provide a foundation to design potential drug targets and vaccine candidates for the effective control of infections caused by TBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan; (A.A.); (S.A.); (H.Z.); (M.Q.K.)
| | - Shabir Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan; (A.A.); (S.A.); (H.Z.); (M.Q.K.)
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan; (A.W.); (A.U.R.)
| | - Ashfaq U. Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan; (A.W.); (A.U.R.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hafsa Zahid
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan; (A.A.); (S.A.); (H.Z.); (M.Q.K.)
| | - Muhammad Qayash Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan; (A.A.); (S.A.); (H.Z.); (M.Q.K.)
| | - Javed Nawab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Zia Ur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan;
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Il Kim M, Lee C, Park J, Jeon BY, Hong M. Crystal structure of Bacillus cereus flagellin and structure-guided fusion-protein designs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5814. [PMID: 29643437 PMCID: PMC5895748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24254-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flagellin is a major component of the flagellar filament. Flagellin also functions as a specific ligand that stimulates innate immunity through direct interaction with Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) in the host. Because flagellin activates the immune response, it has been of interest to develop as a vaccine adjuvant in subunit vaccines or antigen fusion vaccines. Despite the widespread application of flagellin fusion in preventing infectious diseases, flagellin-antigen fusion designs have never been biophysically and structurally characterized. Moreover, flagellin from Salmonella species has been used extensively despite containing hypervariable regions not required for TLR5 that can cause an unexpected immune response. In this study, flagellin from Bacillus cereus (BcFlg) was identified as the smallest flagellin molecule containing only the conserved TLR5-activating D0 and D1 domains. The crystal structure of BcFlg was determined to provide a scheme for fusion designs. Through homology-based modeling and comparative structural analyses, diverse fusion strategies were proposed. Moreover, cellular and biophysical analysis of an array of fusion constructs indicated that insertion fusion at BcFlg residues 178–180 does not interfere with the protein stability or TLR5-stimulating capacity of flagellin, suggesting its usefulness in the development and optimization of flagellin fusion vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meong Il Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Choongdeok Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsun Hong
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
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