1
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Samoilova EM, Romanov SE, Chudakova DA, Laktionov PP. Role of sirtuins in epigenetic regulation and aging control. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:215-227. [PMID: 38680178 PMCID: PMC11043508 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in modern healthcare in developed countries make it possible to extend the human lifespan, which is why maintaining active longevity is becoming increasingly important. After the sirtuin (SIRT) protein family was discovered, it started to be considered as a significant regulator of the physiological processes associated with aging. SIRT has deacetylase, deacylase, and ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and modifies a variety of protein substrates, including chromatin components and regulatory proteins. This multifactorial regulatory system affects many processes: cellular metabolism, mitochondrial functions, epigenetic regulation, DNA repair and more. As is expected, the activity of sirtuin proteins affects the manifestation of classic signs of aging in the body, such as cellular senescence, metabolic disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction, genomic instability, and the disruption of epigenetic regulation. Changes in the SIRT activity in human cells can also be considered a marker of aging and are involved in the genesis of various age-dependent disorders. Additionally, experimental data obtained in animal models, as well as data from population genomic studies, suggest a SIRT effect on life expectancy. At the same time, the diversity of sirtuin functions and biochemical substrates makes it extremely complicated to identify cause-and-effect relationships and the direct role of SIRT in controlling the functional state of the body. However, the SIRT influence on the epigenetic regulation of gene expression during the aging process and the development of disorders is one of the most important aspects of maintaining the homeostasis of organs and tissues. The presented review centers on the diversity of SIRT in humans and model animals. In addition to a brief description of the main SIRT enzymatic and biological activity, the review discusses its role in the epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure, including the context of the development of genome instability associated with aging. Studies on the functional connection between SIRT and longevity, as well as its effect on pathological processes associated with aging, such as chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and neuroinflammation, have been critically analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Samoilova
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S E Romanov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D A Chudakova
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - P P Laktionov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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2
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Ianni A, Kumari P, Tarighi S, Braun T, Vaquero A. SIRT7: a novel molecular target for personalized cancer treatment? Oncogene 2024; 43:993-1006. [PMID: 38383727 PMCID: PMC10978493 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The Sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent enzymes assumes a pivotal role in orchestrating adaptive responses to environmental fluctuations and stress stimuli, operating at both genomic and metabolic levels. Within this family, SIRT7 emerges as a versatile player in tumorigenesis, displaying both pro-tumorigenic and tumor-suppressive functions in a context-dependent manner. While other sirtuins, such as SIRT1 and SIRT6, exhibit a similar dual role in cancer, SIRT7 stands out due to distinctive attributes that sharply distinguish it from other family members. Among these are a unique key role in regulation of nucleolar functions, a close functional relationship with RNA metabolism and processing -exceptional among sirtuins- and a complex multienzymatic nature, which provides a diverse range of molecular targets. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the role of SIRT7 in various malignancies, placing particular emphasis on the intricate molecular mechanisms employed by SIRT7 to either stimulate or counteract tumorigenesis. Additionally, it delves into the unique features of SIRT7, discussing their potential and specific implications in tumor initiation and progression, underscoring the promising avenue of targeting SIRT7 for the development of innovative anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ianni
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain.
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Shahriar Tarighi
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Alejandro Vaquero
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain.
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3
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Raza U, Tang X, Liu Z, Liu B. SIRT7: the seventh key to unlocking the mystery of aging. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:253-280. [PMID: 37676263 PMCID: PMC11281815 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00044.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a chronic yet natural physiological decline of the body. Throughout life, humans are continuously exposed to a variety of exogenous and endogenous stresses, which engender various counteractive responses at the cellular, tissue, organ, as well as organismal levels. The compromised cellular and tissue functions that occur because of genetic factors or prolonged stress (or even the stress response) may accelerate aging. Over the last two decades, the sirtuin (SIRT) family of lysine deacylases has emerged as a key regulator of longevity in a variety of organisms. SIRT7, the most recently identified member of the SIRTs, maintains physiological homeostasis and provides protection against aging by functioning as a watchdog of genomic integrity, a dynamic sensor and modulator of stresses. SIRT7 decline disrupts metabolic homeostasis, accelerates aging, and increases the risk of age-related pathologies including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, pulmonary and renal disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer, etc. Here, we present SIRT7 as the seventh key to unlock the mystery of aging, and its specific manipulation holds great potential to ensure healthiness and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Raza
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SKL-SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Bolding JE, Nielsen AL, Jensen I, Hansen TN, Ryberg LA, Jameson ST, Harris P, Peters GHJ, Denu JM, Rogers JM, Olsen CA. Substrates and Cyclic Peptide Inhibitors of the Oligonucleotide-Activated Sirtuin 7. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314597. [PMID: 37873919 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The sirtuins are NAD+ -dependent lysine deacylases, comprising seven isoforms (SIRT1-7) in humans, which are involved in the regulation of a plethora of biological processes, including gene expression and metabolism. The sirtuins share a common hydrolytic mechanism but display preferences for different ϵ-N-acyllysine substrates. SIRT7 deacetylates targets in nuclei and nucleoli but remains one of the lesser studied of the seven isoforms, in part due to a lack of chemical tools to specifically probe SIRT7 activity. Here we expressed SIRT7 and, using small-angle X-ray scattering, reveal SIRT7 to be a monomeric enzyme with a low degree of globular flexibility in solution. We developed a fluorogenic assay for investigation of the substrate preferences of SIRT7 and to evaluate compounds that modulate its activity. We report several mechanism-based SIRT7 inhibitors as well as de novo cyclic peptide inhibitors selected from mRNA-display library screening that exhibit selectivity for SIRT7 over other sirtuin isoforms, stabilize SIRT7 in cells, and cause an increase in the acetylation of H3 K18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Bolding
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander L Nielsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Current address: Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Iben Jensen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias N Hansen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line A Ryberg
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Current address: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuel T Jameson
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Günther H J Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John M Denu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Joseph M Rogers
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Wu S, Jia S. Functional Diversity of SIRT7 Across Cellular Compartments: Insights and Perspectives. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:409-419. [PMID: 37581721 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play important roles in the regulation of protein function. Acetylation and deacetylation are among the most important PTMs. SIRT7 is a relatively understudied member of the sirtuin family, but recent studies have revealed that it plays a regulatory role in a variety of cellular activities, such as genome stabilization and repair, gene translation, ribosome production and other important processes. Here, we provide a list of the functions and mechanisms of SIRT7 in various organelles and show the important role of SIRT7 in maintaining normal cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Wu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shengnan Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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6
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Du G, Yang R, Qiu J, Xia J. Multifaceted Influence of Histone Deacetylases on DNA Damage Repair: Implications for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:231-243. [PMID: 36406320 PMCID: PMC9647118 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, but its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Nevertheless, genomic instability has been recognized as one of the facilitating characteristics of cancer hallmarks that expedites the acquisition of genetic diversity. Genomic instability is associated with a greater tendency to accumulate DNA damage and tumor-specific DNA repair defects, which gives rise to gene mutations and chromosomal damage and causes oncogenic transformation and tumor progression. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been shown to impair a variety of cellular processes of genome stability, including the regulation of DNA damage and repair, reactive oxygen species generation and elimination, and progression to mitosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of HDAC in the different aspects of DNA repair and genome instability in HCC as well as the current progress on the development of HDAC-specific inhibitors as new cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruizhe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianguo Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Correspondence to: Jie Xia, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-9376. Tel/Fax: +86-23-68486780, E-mail: ; Jianguo Qiu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 You Yi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-9376. Tel: +86-23-68486780, Fax: +86-23-89011016, E-mail:
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Correspondence to: Jie Xia, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-9376. Tel/Fax: +86-23-68486780, E-mail: ; Jianguo Qiu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 You Yi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-9376. Tel: +86-23-68486780, Fax: +86-23-89011016, E-mail:
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7
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Regulation of ribosomal RNA gene copy number, transcription and nucleolus organization in eukaryotes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:414-429. [PMID: 36732602 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the first biological machineries to be created seems to have been the ribosome. Since then, organisms have dedicated great efforts to optimize this apparatus. The ribosomal RNA (rRNA) contained within ribosomes is crucial for protein synthesis and maintenance of cellular function in all known organisms. In eukaryotic cells, rRNA is produced from ribosomal DNA clusters of tandem rRNA genes, whose organization in the nucleolus, maintenance and transcription are strictly regulated to satisfy the substantial demand for rRNA required for ribosome biogenesis. Recent studies have elucidated mechanisms underlying the integrity of ribosomal DNA and regulation of its transcription, including epigenetic mechanisms and a unique recombination and copy-number control system to stably maintain high rRNA gene copy number. In this Review, we disucss how the crucial maintenance of rRNA gene copy number through control of gene amplification and of rRNA production by RNA polymerase I are orchestrated. We also discuss how liquid-liquid phase separation controls the architecture and function of the nucleolus and the relationship between rRNA production, cell senescence and disease.
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8
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Jiao L, Liu Y, Yu XY, Pan X, Zhang Y, Tu J, Song YH, Li Y. Ribosome biogenesis in disease: new players and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:15. [PMID: 36617563 PMCID: PMC9826790 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ribosome is a multi-unit complex that translates mRNA into protein. Ribosome biogenesis is the process that generates ribosomes and plays an essential role in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, development, and transformation. The mTORC1, Myc, and noncoding RNA signaling pathways are the primary mediators that work jointly with RNA polymerases and ribosome proteins to control ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis. Activation of mTORC1 is required for normal fetal growth and development and tissue regeneration after birth. Myc is implicated in cancer development by enhancing RNA Pol II activity, leading to uncontrolled cancer cell growth. The deregulation of noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs is involved in developing blood, neurodegenerative diseases, and atherosclerosis. We review the similarities and differences between eukaryotic and bacterial ribosomes and the molecular mechanism of ribosome-targeting antibiotics and bacterial resistance. We also review the most recent findings of ribosome dysfunction in COVID-19 and other conditions and discuss the consequences of ribosome frameshifting, ribosome-stalling, and ribosome-collision. We summarize the role of ribosome biogenesis in the development of various diseases. Furthermore, we review the current clinical trials, prospective vaccines for COVID-19, and therapies targeting ribosome biogenesis in cancer, cardiovascular disease, aging, and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Jiao
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital and Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- grid.452829.00000000417660726Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000 P. R. China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the NMPA State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436 P. R. China
| | - Xiangbin Pan
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China ,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Appratus Innovation, Beijing, 100037 P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital and Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Junchu Tu
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital and Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yao-Hua Song
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Yangxin Li
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital and Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
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9
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SIRT7 Acts as a Guardian of Cellular Integrity by Controlling Nucleolar and Extra-Nucleolar Functions. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091361. [PMID: 34573343 PMCID: PMC8467518 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are key players for maintaining cellular homeostasis and are often deregulated in different human diseases. SIRT7 is the only member of mammalian sirtuins that principally resides in the nucleolus, a nuclear compartment involved in ribosomal biogenesis, senescence, and cellular stress responses. The ablation of SIRT7 induces global genomic instability, premature ageing, metabolic dysfunctions, and reduced stress tolerance, highlighting its critical role in counteracting ageing-associated processes. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms employed by SIRT7 to ensure cellular and organismal integrity with particular emphasis on SIRT7-dependent regulation of nucleolar functions.
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10
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SIRT7-dependent deacetylation of NPM promotes p53 stabilization following UV-induced genotoxic stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2015339118. [PMID: 33495326 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015339118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to different forms of environmental stress is crucial for maintaining essential cellular functions and survival. The nucleolus plays a decisive role as a signaling hub for coordinating cellular responses to various extrinsic and intrinsic cues. p53 levels are normally kept low in unstressed cells, mainly due to E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2-mediated degradation. Under stress, nucleophosmin (NPM) relocates from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm and binds MDM2, thereby preventing degradation of p53 and allowing cell-cycle arrest and DNA repair. Here, we demonstrate that the mammalian sirtuin SIRT7 is an essential component for the regulation of p53 stability during stress responses induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The catalytic activity of SIRT7 is substantially increased upon UV irradiation through ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related (ATR)-mediated phosphorylation, which promotes efficient deacetylation of the SIRT7 target NPM. Deacetylation is required for stress-dependent relocation of NPM into the nucleoplasm and MDM2 binding, thereby preventing ubiquitination and degradation of p53. In the absence of SIRT7, stress-dependent stabilization of p53 is abrogated, both in vitro and in vivo, impairing cellular stress responses. The study uncovers an essential SIRT7-dependent mechanism for stabilization of the tumor suppressor p53 in response to genotoxic stress.
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11
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Ianni A, Hofmann M, Kumari P, Tarighi S, Al-Tamari HM, Görgens A, Giebel B, Nolte H, Krüger M, Salwig I, Pullamsetti SS, Günther A, Schneider A, Braun T. Depletion of Numb and Numblike in Murine Lung Epithelial Cells Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis by Inhibiting the β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639162. [PMID: 34124033 PMCID: PMC8187792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents the most aggressive form of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and is a highly debilitating disorder with a poorly understood etiology. The lung epithelium seems to play a critical role in the initiation and progression of the disease. A repeated injury of lung epithelial cells prompts type II alveolar cells to secrete pro-fibrotic cytokines, which induces differentiation of resident mesenchymal stem cells into myofibroblasts, thus promoting aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and formation of fibrotic lesions. Reactivation of developmental pathways such as the Wnt-β-catenin signaling cascade in lung epithelial cells plays a critical role in this process, but the underlying mechanisms are still enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that the membrane-associated protein NUMB is required for pathological activation of β-catenin signaling in lung epithelial cells following bleomycin-induced injury. Importantly, depletion of Numb and Numblike reduces accumulation of fibrotic lesions, preserves lung functions, and increases survival rates after bleomycin treatment of mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that NUMB interacts with casein kinase 2 (CK2) and relies on CK2 to activate β-catenin signaling. We propose that pharmacological inhibition of NUMB signaling may represent an effective strategy for the development of novel therapeutic approaches against PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ianni
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michael Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shahriar Tarighi
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hamza M Al-Tamari
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD)-Cluster of Excellence, Köln, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD)-Cluster of Excellence, Köln, Germany
| | - Isabelle Salwig
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
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12
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Larocca D, Lee J, West MD, Labat I, Sternberg H. No Time to Age: Uncoupling Aging from Chronological Time. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:611. [PMID: 33919082 PMCID: PMC8143125 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular life evolved from simple unicellular organisms that could replicate indefinitely, being essentially ageless. At this point, life split into two fundamentally different cell types: the immortal germline representing an unbroken lineage of cell division with no intrinsic endpoint and the mortal soma, which ages and dies. In this review, we describe the germline as clock-free and the soma as clock-bound and discuss aging with respect to three DNA-based cellular clocks (telomeric, DNA methylation, and transposable element). The ticking of these clocks corresponds to the stepwise progressive limitation of growth and regeneration of somatic cells that we term somatic restriction. Somatic restriction acts in opposition to strategies that ensure continued germline replication and regeneration. We thus consider the plasticity of aging as a process not fixed to the pace of chronological time but one that can speed up or slow down depending on the rate of intrinsic cellular clocks. We further describe how germline factor reprogramming might be used to slow the rate of aging and potentially reverse it by causing the clocks to tick backward. Therefore, reprogramming may eventually lead to therapeutic strategies to treat degenerative diseases by altering aging itself, the one condition common to us all.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jieun Lee
- AgeX Therapeutics Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, USA; (J.L.); (M.D.W.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Michael D. West
- AgeX Therapeutics Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, USA; (J.L.); (M.D.W.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Ivan Labat
- AgeX Therapeutics Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, USA; (J.L.); (M.D.W.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Hal Sternberg
- AgeX Therapeutics Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, USA; (J.L.); (M.D.W.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
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13
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Jafarpour F, Ghazvini Zadegan F, Ostadhosseini S, Hajian M, Kiani-Esfahani A, Nasr-Esfahani MH. siRNA inhibition and not chemical inhibition of Suv39h1/2 enhances pre-implantation embryonic development of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233880. [PMID: 32497112 PMCID: PMC7272017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is low due to the strong resistance of somatic donor cells to epigenetic reprogramming. Many epigenetic drugs targeting DNA methylation and histone acetylation have been used in attempts to improve the in vitro and in vivo development of SCNT embryos. H3K9me3 has been shown to be an important reprogramming barrier for generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and SCNT embryos in mice and humans. In this study, we examined the effects of selective siRNA and chemical inhibition of H3K9me3 in somatic donor cells on the in vitro development of bovine SCNT embryos. Chaetocin, an inhibitor of SUV39H1/H2, was supplemented during the culture of donor cells. In addition, the siRNA knockdown of SUV39H1/H2 was performed in the donor cells. The effects of chaetocin and siSUV39H1/H2 on H3K9me3 and H3K9ac were quantified using flow cytometry. Furthermore, we assessed chaetocin treatment and SUV39H1/H2 knockdown on the blastocyst formation rate. Both chaetocin and siSUV39H1/H2 significantly reduced and elevated the relative intensity level of H3K9me3 and H3K9ac in treated fibroblast cells, respectively. siSUV39H1/H2 transfection, but not chaetocin treatment, improved the in vitro development of SCNT embryos. Moreover, siSUV39H1/H2 altered the expression profile of the selected genes in the derived blastocysts, similar to those derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF). In conclusion, our results demonstrated H3K9me3 as an epigenetic barrier in the reprogramming process mediated by SCNT in bovine species, a finding which supports the role of H3K9me3 as a reprogramming barrier in mammalian species. Our findings provide a promising approach for improving the efficiency of mammalian cloning for agricultural and biomedical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Jafarpour
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghazvini Zadegan
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Ostadhosseini
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hajian
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Kiani-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M. H. Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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14
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Deng L, Ren R, Liu Z, Song M, Li J, Wu Z, Ren X, Fu L, Li W, Zhang W, Guillen P, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Chan P, Qu J, Liu GH. Stabilizing heterochromatin by DGCR8 alleviates senescence and osteoarthritis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3329. [PMID: 31350386 PMCID: PMC6659673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8 (DGCR8) is a critical component of the canonical microprocessor complex for microRNA biogenesis. However, the non-canonical functions of DGCR8 have not been studied. Here, we demonstrate that DGCR8 plays an important role in maintaining heterochromatin organization and attenuating aging. An N-terminal-truncated version of DGCR8 (DR8dex2) accelerated senescence in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) independent of its microRNA-processing activity. Further studies revealed that DGCR8 maintained heterochromatin organization by interacting with the nuclear envelope protein Lamin B1, and heterochromatin-associated proteins, KAP1 and HP1γ. Overexpression of any of these proteins, including DGCR8, reversed premature senescent phenotypes in DR8dex2 hMSCs. Finally, DGCR8 was downregulated in pathologically and naturally aged hMSCs, whereas DGCR8 overexpression alleviated hMSC aging and mouse osteoarthritis. Taken together, these analyses uncovered a novel, microRNA processing-independent role in maintaining heterochromatin organization and attenuating senescence by DGCR8, thus representing a new therapeutic target for alleviating human aging-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Deng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ruotong Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Zunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
| | - Zeming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Fu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Pedro Guillen
- Clinica Cemtro. Av. del Ventisquero de la Condesa, 42, 28035, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Piu Chan
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
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15
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Bi X, Ye Q, Li D, Peng Q, Wang Z, Wu X, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Jiang F. Inhibition of nucleolar stress response by Sirt1: A potential mechanism of acetylation-independent regulation of p53 accumulation. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12900. [PMID: 30623565 PMCID: PMC6413664 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Sirt1 deacetylase is generally thought to be a nuclear protein, but some pilot studies have suggested that Sirt1 may also be involved in orchestrating nucleolar functions. Here, we show that nucleolar stress response is a ubiquitous cellular reaction that can be induced by different types of stress conditions, and Sirt1 is an endogenous suppressor of nucleolar stress response. Using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture approach, we have identified a physical interaction of between Sirt1 and the nucleolar protein nucleophosmin, and this protein-protein interaction appears to be necessary for Sirt1 inhibition on nucleolar stress, whereas the deacetylase activity of Sirt1 is not strictly required. Based on the reported prerequisite role of nucleolar stress response in stress-induced p53 protein accumulation, we have also provided evidence suggesting that Sirt1-mediated inhibition on nucleolar stress response may represent a novel mechanism by which Sirt1 can modulate intracellular p53 accumulation independent of lysine deacetylation. This process may represent an alternative mechanism by which Sirt1 regulates functions of the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Bi
- School of Basic MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Present address:
Department of CardiologyQingdao Municipal HospitalQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Qing Ye
- School of Basic MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Daoyuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research CenterShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Qisheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchJilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismShandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Qunye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Fan Jiang
- School of Basic MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong ProvinceChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function ResearchChinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
- The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of CardiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
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16
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Kane AE, Sinclair DA. Epigenetic changes during aging and their reprogramming potential. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:61-83. [PMID: 30822165 PMCID: PMC6424622 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1570075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aging process results in significant epigenetic changes at all levels of chromatin and DNA organization. These include reduced global heterochromatin, nucleosome remodeling and loss, changes in histone marks, global DNA hypomethylation with CpG island hypermethylation, and the relocalization of chromatin modifying factors. Exactly how and why these changes occur is not fully understood, but evidence that these epigenetic changes affect longevity and may cause aging, is growing. Excitingly, new studies show that age-related epigenetic changes can be reversed with interventions such as cyclic expression of the Yamanaka reprogramming factors. This review presents a summary of epigenetic changes that occur in aging, highlights studies indicating that epigenetic changes may contribute to the aging process and outlines the current state of research into interventions to reprogram age-related epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E. Kane
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David A. Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Bughio F, Maggert KA. The peculiar genetics of the ribosomal DNA blurs the boundaries of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Chromosome Res 2018; 27:19-30. [PMID: 30511202 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-018-9591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our goal is to draw a line-hypothetical in its totality but experimentally supported at each individual step-connecting the ribosomal DNA and the phenomenon of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of induced phenotypes. The reasonableness of this hypothesis is offset by its implication, that many (or most) (or all) of the cases of induced-and-inherited phenotypes that are seen to persist for generations are instead unmapped induced polymorphisms in the ribosomal DNA, and thus are the consequence of the peculiar and enduringly fascinating genetics of the highly transcribed repeat DNA structure at that locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Bughio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Keith A Maggert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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18
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Abstract
The nucleolus as site of ribosome biogenesis holds a pivotal role in cell metabolism. It is composed of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), which is present as tandem arrays located in nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). In interphase cells, rDNA can be found inside and adjacent to nucleoli and the location is indicative for transcriptional activity of ribosomal genes-inactive rDNA (outside) versus active one (inside). Moreover, the nucleolus itself acts as a spatial organizer of non-nucleolar chromatin. Microscopy-based approaches offer the possibility to explore the spatially distinct localization of the different DNA populations in relation to the nucleolar structure. Recent technical developments in microscopy and preparatory methods may further our understanding of the functional architecture of nucleoli. This review will attempt to summarize the current understanding of mammalian nucleolar chromatin organization as seen from a microscopist's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schöfer
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Klara Weipoltshammer
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Kumari P, Popescu D, Yue S, Bober E, Ianni A, Braun T. Sirt7 inhibits Sirt1-mediated activation of Suv39h1. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1403-1412. [PMID: 29963979 PMCID: PMC6132954 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1486166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins regulate a variety of cellular processes through protein deacetylation. The best-known member of mammalian sirtuin family, Sirt1, plays important roles in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by regulating cell metabolism, differentiation and stress responses, among others. Sirt1 activity requires tight regulation to meet specific cellular requirements, which is achieved at different levels and by specific mechanisms. Recently, a regulatory loop between Sirt1 and another sirtuin, Sirt7, was identified. Sirt7 inhibits Sirt1 autodeacetylation at K230 and activation thereby preventing Sirt1-mediated repression of adipocyte differentiation by inhibition of the PPARγ gene. Here, we extend the regulatory complexity of Sirt7-dependent restriction of Sirt1 activity by demonstrating that Sirt7 reduces activation of a previously described prominent Sirt1 target, the histone methyltransferase Suv39h1. We show that removal of the acetyl-group at K230 in Sirt1 due to the absence of Sirt7 leads to hyperactivation of Sirt1 and thereby to constantly increased activity of Suv39h1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Kumari
- a Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling , Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany
| | - Daniela Popescu
- a Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling , Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany
| | - Shijing Yue
- b The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, School of Medicine , Nankai University , Tianjin , China.,c The State International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Tumor Immunology and Biological Vaccines , Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Eva Bober
- a Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling , Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany
| | - Alessandro Ianni
- a Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling , Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- a Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling , Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany
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20
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Wang Z, Li T, Ni H, Wang G, Liu X, Cao Y, Li W, Meng F. Transgenic soybean plants expressing Spb18S dsRNA exhibit enhanced resistance to the soybean pod borer Leguminivora glycinivorella (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 98:e21461. [PMID: 29600519 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The soybean pod borer [SPB; Leguminivora glycinivorella (Mats.) Obraztsov] is a major soybean pest in northeastern Asia. A useful method for addressing this problem is the generation of transgenic plants producing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that target essential insect genes. In this study, we confirmed that 18S ribosomal RNA is critical for SPB development. Downregulated Spb18S expression induced by dsRNA injection increased larval mortality rates and resulted in early pupation. We also assessed whether Spb18S is silenced in SPB larvae fed on transgenic soybean expressing Spb18S dsRNA. Transgenic plants downregulated Spb18S expression levels and second-instar larval survival rates. Moreover, such plants were less damaged by SPB larvae than control plants under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Division of Soybean Breeding and Seed, Soybean Research & Development Center, CARS (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hejia Ni
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guoyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingxue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Division of Soybean Breeding and Seed, Soybean Research & Development Center, CARS (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fanli Meng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Division of Soybean Breeding and Seed, Soybean Research & Development Center, CARS (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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21
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Paredes S, Angulo-Ibanez M, Tasselli L, Carlson SM, Zheng W, Li TM, Chua KF. The epigenetic regulator SIRT7 guards against mammalian cellular senescence induced by ribosomal DNA instability. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11242-11250. [PMID: 29728458 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ac118.003325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, genomic instability in rDNA repeat sequences is an underlying cause of cell aging and is suppressed by the chromatin-silencing factor Sir2. In humans, rDNA instability is observed in cancers and premature aging syndromes, but its underlying mechanisms and functional consequences remain unclear. Here, we uncovered a pivotal role of sirtuin 7 (SIRT7), a mammalian Sir2 homolog, in guarding against rDNA instability and show that this function of SIRT7 protects against senescence in primary human cells. We found that, mechanistically, SIRT7 is required for association of SNF2H (also called SMARCA5, SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 5), a component of the nucleolar heterochromatin-silencing complex NoRC, with rDNA sequences. Defective rDNA-heterochromatin silencing in SIRT7-deficient cells unleashed rDNA instability, with excision and loss of rDNA gene copies, which in turn induced acute senescence. Mounting evidence indicates that accumulation of senescent cells significantly contributes to tissue dysfunction in aging-related pathologies. Our findings identify rDNA instability as a driver of mammalian cellular senescence and implicate SIRT7-dependent heterochromatin silencing in protecting against this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Paredes
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, and
| | - Maria Angulo-Ibanez
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, and
| | - Luisa Tasselli
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, and
| | - Scott M Carlson
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Wei Zheng
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, and
| | - Tie-Mei Li
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, and
| | - Katrin F Chua
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, .,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, and
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