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Liu T, Wu G, Gudd CLC, Trovato FM, Barbera T, Liu Y, Triantafyllou E, McPhail MJW, Thursz MR, Khamri W. Cis-interaction between CD52 and T cell receptor complex interferes with CD4 + T cell activation in acute decompensation of cirrhosis. EBioMedicine 2024; 108:105336. [PMID: 39276679 PMCID: PMC11418137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction contributes to a high rate of infection in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. CD52 is a glycoprotein prominently expressed in lymphocytes. Immune regulation by CD52 may be involved in adaptive immune dysfunction in cirrhosis. This study aimed to investigate the function of CD52 on CD4+ T cells on the blood of patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. METHODS The expression of CD52 in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 49 patients with cirrhosis was investigated using flow cytometry and transcriptomics. Potential cis-membrane ligands of CD52 were discovered via proximity labelling followed by proteomics. The function of CD52 on antigen-specific activation of CD4+ T cells was examined using flow cytometry in CD52 CRISPR-Cas9 knockout primary T cells. FINDINGS CD52 expression was elevated in CD4+ T cells in acute decompensation of cirrhosis, and this elevation was correlated with increased disease severity and mortality. Components of the T cell receptor complex including TCRβ, CD3γ and CD3ε were identified and validated as cis-membrane ligands of CD52. Knockout of CD52 promoted antigen-specific activation, proliferation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. INTERPRETATION Membrane bound CD52 demonstrated cis-interaction with the T cell receptor and served as a dynamic regulator of antigen-specific activation of CD4+ T cells. The upregulation of CD52 in the periphery of acute decompensation of cirrhosis hinders the recognition of the T cell receptor by MHC, contributing to impaired T cell function. The development of an alternative anti-CD52 antibody is required to restore T cell function and prevent infections in cirrhosis. FUNDING This study was supported by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (P74713), Wellcome Trust (218304/Z/19/Z), and Medical Research Council (MR/X009904/1 and MR/R014019/1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Section of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cathrin L C Gudd
- Section of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca M Trovato
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Barbera
- Section of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Liu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Triantafyllou
- Section of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J W McPhail
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Section of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wafa Khamri
- Section of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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2
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Akatsu C, Naito-Matsui Y, Abdu-Allah HHM, Imamura A, Long W, Ishida H, Takematsu H, Tsubata T. Neu5Gc-mediated high-affinity interaction is dispensable for CD22 cis-ligands to regulate B cell signaling. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107630. [PMID: 39098526 PMCID: PMC11407986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
CD22 (also known as Siglec-2) is an inhibitory receptor expressed in B cells. CD22 specifically recognizes α2,6 sialic acid and interacts with α2,6 sialylated membrane proteins expressed on the same cell (cis-ligands) and those derived from outside of the cell (trans-ligands). Previously, CD22 cis-ligands were shown to regulate the activity of CD22, thereby regulating both BCR ligation-induced signaling and low-level "tonic" signaling in the absence of BCR ligation that regulates the survival and differentiation of B cells. Mouse CD22 prefers Neu5Gc to Neu5Ac thereby binding to α2,6-linked Neu5Gc with high affinity. Although human CD22 binds to a distinct α2,6 sialylated glycan with high affinity, expression of high-affinity ligands is regulated in a conserved and stringent manner. However, how high- versus low-affinity CD22 ligands regulate B cells is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the interaction of CD22 with the endogenous ligands enhances BCR ligation-induced signaling but reduces tonic signaling in Cmah-/- mouse B cells deficient in Neu5Gc as well as wild-type B cells. Moreover, Cmah-/- B cells do not show alterations in the phenotypes correlated to tonic signaling. These results indicate that low-affinity interaction of the CD22 cis-ligands with CD22 is sufficient for the regulation of B cell signaling, and suggest that expression of high-affinity CD22 ligands might be involved in the regulation of B cells by competing for the binding of CD22 with exogenous trans-ligands of CD22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuru Akatsu
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Naito-Matsui
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Akihiro Imamura
- Department of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Wang Long
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Department of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
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3
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Kissel T, Derksen VFAM, Bentlage AEH, Koeleman C, Hafkenscheid L, van der Woude D, Wuhrer M, Vidarsson G, Toes REM. N-linked Fc glycosylation is not required for IgG-B-cell receptor function in a GC-derived B-cell line. Nat Commun 2024; 15:393. [PMID: 38195612 PMCID: PMC10776614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
IgG secreted by B cells carry asparagine N(297)-linked glycans in the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region. Changes in Fc glycosylation are related to health or disease and are functionally relevant, as IgG without Fc glycans cannot bind to Fcɣ receptors or complement factors. However, it is currently unknown whether ɣ-heavy chain (ɣHC) glycans also influence the function of membrane-bound IgG-B-cell receptors (BCR) and thus the outcome of the B-cell immune response. Here, we show in a germinal center (GC)-derived human B-cell line that ɣHC glycans do not affect membrane expression of IgG-BCRs. Furthermore, antigen binding or other BCR-facilitated mechanisms appear unaffected, including BCR downmodulation or BCR-mediated signaling. As expected, secreted IgG lacking Fc glycosylation is unable to carry out effector functions. Together, these observations indicate that IgG-Fc glycosylation serves as a mechanism to control the effector functions of antibodies, but does not regulate the activation of IgG-switched B cells, as its absence had no apparent impact on BCR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Kissel
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Veerle F A M Derksen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur E H Bentlage
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1006 AD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lise Hafkenscheid
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diane van der Woude
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1006 AD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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4
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Holborough-Kerkvliet MD, Mucignato G, Moons SJ, Psomiadou V, Konada RSR, Pedowitz NJ, Pratt MR, Kissel T, Koeleman CAM, Tjokrodirijo RTN, van Veelen PA, Huizinga T, van Schie KAJ, Wuhrer M, Kohler JJ, Bonger KM, Boltje TJ, Toes REM. A photoaffinity glycan-labeling approach to investigate immunoglobulin glycan-binding partners. Glycobiology 2023; 33:732-744. [PMID: 37498177 PMCID: PMC10627247 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans play a pivotal role in biology. However, because of the low-affinity of glycan-protein interactions, many interaction pairs remain unknown. Two important glycoproteins involved in B-cell biology are the B-cell receptor and its secreted counterpart, antibodies. It has been indicated that glycans expressed by these B-cell-specific molecules can modulate immune activation via glycan-binding proteins. In several autoimmune diseases, an increased prevalence of variable domain glycosylation of IgG autoantibodies has been observed. Especially, the hallmarking autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, carry a substantial amount of variable domain glycans. The variable domain glycans expressed by these autoantibodies are N-linked, complex-type, and α2-6 sialylated, and B-cell receptors carrying variable domain glycans have been hypothesized to promote selection of autoreactive B cells via interactions with glycan-binding proteins. Here, we use the anti-citrullinated protein antibody response as a prototype to study potential in solution and in situ B-cell receptor-variable domain glycan interactors. We employed SiaDAz, a UV-activatable sialic acid analog carrying a diazirine moiety that can form covalent bonds with proximal glycan-binding proteins. We show, using oligosaccharide engineering, that SiaDAz can be readily incorporated into variable domain glycans of both antibodies and B-cell receptors. Our data show that antibody variable domain glycans are able to interact with inhibitory receptor, CD22. Interestingly, although we did not detect this interaction on the cell surface, we captured CD79 β glycan-B-cell receptor interactions. These results show the utility of combining photoaffinity labeling and oligosaccharide engineering for identifying antibody and B-cell receptor interactions and indicate that variable domain glycans appear not to be lectin cis ligands in our tested conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greta Mucignato
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sam J Moons
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 1, Mercator III, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Venetia Psomiadou
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 1, Mercator III, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rohit S R Konada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-09185, United States
| | - Nichole J Pedowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Theresa Kissel
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien A M Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rayman T N Tjokrodirijo
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Petrus A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karin A J van Schie
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer J Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-09185, United States
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 1, Mercator III, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinaldus E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Cao Y, Rische CH, Bochner BS, O’Sullivan JA. Interactions between Siglec-8 and endogenous sialylated cis ligands restrain cell death induction in human eosinophils and mast cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1283370. [PMID: 37928558 PMCID: PMC10623328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1283370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-8 is a sialoside-binding receptor expressed by eosinophils and mast cells that exhibits priming status- and cell type-dependent inhibitory activity. On eosinophils that have been primed with IL-5, GM-CSF, or IL-33, antibody ligation of Siglec-8 induces cell death through a pathway involving the β2 integrin-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via NADPH oxidase. In contrast, Siglec-8 engagement on mast cells inhibits cellular activation and mediator release but reportedly does not impact cell viability. The differences in responses between cytokine-primed and unprimed eosinophils, and between eosinophils and mast cells, to Siglec-8 ligation are not understood. We previously found that Siglec-8 binds to sialylated ligands present on the surface of the same cell (so-called cis ligands), preventing Siglec-8 ligand binding in trans. However, the functional relevance of these cis ligands has not been elucidated. We therefore explored the potential influence of cis ligands of Siglec-8 on both eosinophils and mast cells. De-sialylation using exogenous sialidase profoundly altered the consequences of Siglec-8 antibody engagement on both cell types, eliminating the need for cytokine priming of eosinophils to facilitate cell death and enabling Siglec-8-dependent mast cell death without impacting anti-Siglec-8 antibody binding. The cell death process licensed by de-sialylation resembled that characterized in IL-5-primed eosinophils, including CD11b upregulation, ROS production, and the activities of Syk, PI3K, and PLC. These results implicate cis ligands in restraining Siglec-8 function on eosinophils and mast cells and reveal a promising approach to the selective depletion of mast cells in patients with mast cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cao
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Clayton H. Rische
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeremy A. O’Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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6
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Tsubata T. The ligand interactions of B cell Siglecs are involved in the prevention of autoimmunity to sialylated self-antigens and in the quality control of signaling-competent B cells. Int Immunol 2023; 35:461-473. [PMID: 37504378 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are a family of membrane molecules that recognize sialic acid. Most of them are inhibitory receptors that inhibit immune-cell activation by recognizing sialic acid as a self-motif. Human B cells express CD22 (also known as Siglec-2), Siglec-5, Siglec-6 and Siglec-10 whereas mouse B cells express CD22 and Siglec-G (ortholog of human Siglec-10). Siglecs recognize both sialylated molecules expressed on the same cell (cis-ligands) and those expressed by other cells (trans-ligands). In Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), antibody production to gangliosides (which are sialic acid-containing glycolipids) expressed by neurons plays a pathogenic role. A Siglec-10 variant deficient in recognition of gangliosides is genetically associated with GBS, suggesting that Siglec-10 induces self-tolerance to gangliosides by recognizing gangliosides as trans-ligands. Recognition of the BCR as a cis-ligand by Siglec-G and CD22 suppresses BCR signaling in B-1 cells and conventional B cells, respectively. This signal suppression prevents excess expansion of B-1 cells and is involved in the quality control of signaling-competent B cells by setting a threshold for tonic signaling during B cell development. CD22 recognizes other cis-ligands including CD22 and β7 integrin. Interaction of CD22 with other CD22 molecules induces CD22 clustering that suppresses CD22-mediated signal inhibition upon BCR ligation, and interaction with β7 integrin maintains its function in the gut-homing of B cells. Taken together, interactions of B cell Siglecs with multiple trans- and cis-ligands play important roles in B cell homeostasis and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
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7
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O'Sullivan JA, Youngblood BA, Schleimer RP, Bochner BS. Siglecs as potential targets of therapy in human mast cell- and/or eosinophil-associated diseases. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101799. [PMID: 37413923 PMCID: PMC10528103 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are a family of vertebrate glycan-binding cell-surface proteins. The majority mediate cellular inhibitory activity once engaged by specific ligands or ligand-mimicking molecules. As a result, Siglec engagement is now of interest as a strategy to therapeutically dampen unwanted cellular responses. When considering allergic inflammation, human eosinophils and mast cells express overlapping but distinct patterns of Siglecs. For example, Siglec-6 is selectively and prominently expressed on mast cells while Siglec-8 is highly specific for both eosinophils and mast cells. This review will focus on a subset of Siglecs and their various endogenous or synthetic sialoside ligands that regulate eosinophil and mast cell function and survival. It will also summarize how certain Siglecs have become the focus of novel therapies for allergic and other eosinophil- and mast cell-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A O'Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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8
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Tsubata T. Siglec cis-ligands and their roles in the immune system. Glycobiology 2023; 33:532-544. [PMID: 37154567 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins are a family of membrane molecules primarily expressed in immune cells. Most of them are inhibitory receptors containing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs in the cytoplasmic tail. On the cell surface, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins are mostly bound by sialylated glycans on membrane molecules expressed in the same cell (cis-ligands). Although ligands of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins are not efficiently identified by conventional methods such as immunoprecipitation, in situ labeling including proximity labeling is useful in identifying both cis-ligands and the sialylated ligands expressed by other cells (trans-ligands) of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins. Interaction of the inhibitory sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins with cis-ligands including both those with and without signaling function modulates the inhibitory activity of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins by multiple different ways. This interaction also modulates signaling function of the cis-ligands. So far, little is known about the role of the interaction between sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins and the cis-ligands. Nonetheless, recent studies showed that the inhibitory activity of CD22 (also known as Siglec-2) is regulated by endogenous ligands, most likely cis-ligands, differentially in resting B cells and those in which B-cell antigen receptor is ligated. This differential regulation plays a role in quality control of signaling-competent B cells and also partial restoration of B-cell antigen receptor signaling in immunodeficient B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
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9
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Reeves AE, Huang ML. Proximity labeling technologies to illuminate glycan-protein interactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 72:102233. [PMID: 36493526 PMCID: PMC9870929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification read by glycan-binding proteins (GBP) to encode important functions, but a robust understanding of these interactions and their consequences can be challenging to uncover. Glycan-GBP interactions are transient and weak, making them difficult to capture, and glycosylation is dynamic and heterogenous, necessitating study in native cellular environments to identify endogenous ligands. Proximity labeling, an experimental innovation that labels biomolecules close to a protein of interest, has recently emerged as a powerful strategy to overcome these limitations, allowing interactors to be tagged in cells for subsequent enrichment and identification by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. We will describe this nascent technique and discuss its applications in the last five years with different GBP classes, including Siglecs, galectins, and non-human lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Reeves
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mia L Huang
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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10
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Ton Tran HT, Li C, Chakraberty R, Cairo CW. NEU1 and NEU3 enzymes alter CD22 organization on B cells. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2022; 2:100064. [PMID: 36425332 PMCID: PMC9680808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2022.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The B cell membrane expresses sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins, also called Siglecs, that are important for modulating immune response. Siglecs have interactions with sialoglycoproteins found on the same membrane (cis-ligands) that result in homotypic and heterotypic receptor clusters. The regulation and organization of these clusters, and their effect on cell activation, is not clearly understood. We investigated the role of human neuraminidase enzymes NEU1 and NEU3 on the clustering of CD22 on B cells using confocal microscopy. We observed that native NEU1 and NEU3 activity influence the cluster size of CD22. Using single-particle tracking, we observed that NEU3 activity increased the lateral mobility of CD22, which was in contrast to the effect of exogenous bacterial NEU enzymes. Moreover, we show that native NEU1 and NEU3 activity influenced cellular Ca2+ levels, supporting a role for these enzymes in regulating B cell activation. Our results establish a role for native NEU activity in modulating CD22 organization and function on B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh-Thuc Ton Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caishun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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11
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Prescher H, Schweizer A, Frank M, Kuhfeldt E, Ring J, Nitschke L. Targeting Human CD22/Siglec-2 with Dimeric Sialosides as Novel Oligosaccharide Mimetics. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10588-10610. [PMID: 35881556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Significant interest in the development of high-affinity ligands for Siglecs exists due to the various therapeutically relevant functions of these proteins. Here, we report a new strategy to develop and design Siglec ligands as disialyl-oligosaccharide mimetics exemplified on Siglec-2 (CD22). We report insights into development of dimeric ligands with high affinity and avidity to cell surface-expressed CD22, assay development, tool compounds, structure activity relationships, and biological data on calcium flux regulation in B-cells. The binding modes of selected ligands have been modeled based on state-of-the-art molecular dynamics simulations on the microsecond timescale, providing detailed views on ligand binding and opening a new perspective on drug design efforts for Siglecs. High-avidity dimeric ligands containing a linker opening the way towards bispecifics are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Schweizer
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Frank
- Biognos AB, Generatorsgatan 1, 40274 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Julia Ring
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Akatsu C, Alborzian Deh Sheikh A, Matsubara N, Takematsu H, Schweizer A, Abdu-Allah HHM, Tedder TF, Nitschke L, Ishida H, Tsubata T. The inhibitory coreceptor CD22 restores B cell signaling by developmentally regulating Cd45-/- immunodeficient B cells. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabf9570. [PMID: 35230871 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abf9570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 plays a crucial role in B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling by activating Src family kinases. Cd45-/- mice show altered B cell development and a phenotype likely due to reduced steady-state signaling; however, Cd45-/- B cells show relatively normal BCR ligation-induced signaling. In our investigation of how BCR signaling was restored in Cd45-/- cells, we found that the coreceptor CD22 switched from an inhibitory to a stimulatory function in these cells. We disrupted the ability of CD22 to interact with its ligands in Cd45-/- B cells by generating Cd45-/-St6galI-/- mice, which cannot synthesize the glycan ligand of CD22, or by treating Cd45-/- B cells in vitro with the sialoside GSC718, which inhibits ligand binding to CD22. BCR ligation-induced signaling was reduced by ST6GalI deficiency, but not by GSC718 treatment, suggesting that CD22 restored BCR ligation-induced signaling in Cd45-/- mature B cells by altering cellular phenotypes during development. CD22 was required for the increase in the surface amount of IgM-BCR on Cd45-/- B cells, which augmented signaling. Because B cell survival depends on steady-state BCR signaling, IgM-BCR abundance was likely increased by the selective survival of IgM-BCRhi Cd45-/- B cells because of CD22-mediated signaling under conditions of substantially reduced steady-state signaling. Because the amount of surface IgM-BCR is increased on B cells from patients with other BCR signaling deficiencies, including X-linked agammaglobulinemia, our findings suggest that CD22 may contribute to the partial restoration of B cell function in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuru Akatsu
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Amin Alborzian Deh Sheikh
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Naoko Matsubara
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Astrid Schweizer
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas F Tedder
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Department of Applied Bio-organic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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13
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Critcher M, Hassan AA, Huang ML. Seeing the forest through the trees: characterizing the glycoproteome. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:492-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Jiang HS, Zhuang SC, Lam CH, Chang LY, Angata T. Recent Progress in the Methodologies to Identify Physiological Ligands of Siglecs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:813082. [PMID: 34956244 PMCID: PMC8702521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.813082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglecs, a family of receptor-like lectins, recognize glycoproteins and/or glycolipids containing sialic acid in the extracellular space and transduce intracellular signaling. Recently, researchers uncovered significant contributions of Siglecs in cancer immunity, renewing interest in this family of proteins. Previous extensive studies have defined how Siglecs recognize glycan epitopes (glycotopes). Nevertheless, the biological role of these glycotopes has not been fully evaluated. Recent studies using live cells have begun unraveling the constituents of Siglec ligands. These studies demonstrated that glycoprotein scaffolds (counter-receptors) displaying glycotopes are sometimes just as important as the glycotope itself. These new insights may guide future efforts to develop therapeutic agents to target the Siglec – ligand axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Syuan Jiang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chien Zhuang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chak Hin Lam
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Yi Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Abstract
A dense and diverse array of glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids decorate all cell surfaces. In vertebrates, many of these carry sialic acid, in a variety of linkages and glycan contexts, as their outermost sugar moiety. Among their functions, glycans engage complementary glycan binding proteins (lectins) to regulate cell physiology. Among the glycan binding proteins are the Siglecs, sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins. In humans, there are 14 Siglecs, most of which are expressed on overlapping subsets of immune system cells. Each Siglec engages distinct, endogenous sialylated glycans that initiate signaling programs and regulate cellular responses. Here, we explore the emerging science of Siglec ligands, including endogenous sialoglycoproteins and glycolipids and synthetic sialomimetics. Knowledge in this field promises to reveal new molecular pathways controlling cell physiology and new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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16
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Alborzian Deh Sheikh A, Akatsu C, Abdu-Allah HHM, Suganuma Y, Imamura A, Ando H, Takematsu H, Ishida H, Tsubata T. The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 (PTPN6) but Not CD45 (PTPRC) Is Essential for the Ligand-Mediated Regulation of CD22 in BCR-Ligated B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2544-2551. [PMID: 33990399 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD22 is an inhibitory B cell coreceptor that regulates B cell development and activation by downregulating BCR signaling through activation of SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1). CD22 recognizes α2,6 sialic acid as a specific ligand and interacts with α2,6 sialic acid-containing membrane molecules, such as CD45, IgM, and CD22, expressed on the same cell. Functional regulation of CD22 by these endogenous ligands enhances BCR ligation-induced signaling and is essential for normal B cell responses to Ags. In this study, we demonstrate that CD45 plays a crucial role in CD22-mediated inhibition of BCR ligation-induced signaling. However, disruption of ligand binding of CD22 enhances CD22 phosphorylation, a process required for CD22-mediated signal inhibition, upon BCR ligation in CD45-/- as well as wild-type mouse B cells but not in mouse B cells expressing a loss-of-function mutant of SHP-1. This result indicates that SHP-1 but not CD45 is required for ligand-mediated regulation of CD22. We further demonstrate that CD22 is a substrate of SHP-1, suggesting that SHP-1 recruited to CD22 dephosphorylates nearby CD22 as well as other substrates. CD22 dephosphorylation by SHP-1 appears to be augmented by homotypic CD22 clustering mediated by recognition of CD22 as a ligand of CD22 because CD22 clustering increases the number of nearby CD22. Our results suggest that CD22 but not CD45 is an endogenous ligand of CD22 that enhances BCR ligation-induced signaling through SHP-1-mediated dephosphorylation of CD22 in CD22 clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Alborzian Deh Sheikh
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizuru Akatsu
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Suganuma
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-core Research, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan;
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17
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Abdu-Allah HHM, Wu SC, Lin CH, Tseng YY. Design, synthesis and molecular docking study of α-triazolylsialosides as non-hydrolyzable and potent CD22 ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112707. [PMID: 32942185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ligand 1 was the first reported example of monomeric high-affinity synthetic CD22 ligand that regulated B cell activation in vitro, augmented antibody production and regulated immune responses in mice. Replacing O-glycoside linkage of 1 by nitrogen of triazole by click reaction afforded compounds which are as potent as the parent compound. The synthesis of the new compounds is straightforward with fewer synthetic steps and higher yield. Such a strategy provided stable ligand that can bind avidly and can be conjugated to drugs for B-cell targeting or multimeric formation. The new compounds were screened for their affinity to CD22, using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Compound 12 was obtained as a bioisosteric analogue and an anomerically stable imitation of 1. It was, also, screened for MAG to test for selectivity and analyzed by molecular docking and dynamic simulation to explore the potential binding modes and source of selectivity within CD22. Our results could enable the development of small molecule drug capable of modulating the activity of CD22 in autoimmune diseases and malignancies derived from B-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajjaj H M Abdu-Allah
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Chuen Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yao Tseng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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18
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Abstract
Siglecs are known to be bound and regulated by membrane molecules that display specific sialic acid-containing ligands and are present on the same cell (cis-ligands). Because of the low-affinity binding of Siglecs to the glycan ligands, conventional methods such as immunoprecipitation are not suitable for identification of Siglec cis-ligands. Here we describe efficient and specific labeling of cis-ligands of CD22 (also known as Siglec-2) on B lymphocytes by proximity labeling using tyramide. This method may also be applicable to labeling of cis-ligands of other Siglecs.
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19
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Chang LY, Low PY, Sridharan D, Gerlovin K, Angata T. Preparation of Recombinant Siglecs and Identification of Their Ligands. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2132:85-98. [PMID: 32306317 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0430-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Siglecs are transmembrane receptor-like vertebrate lectins that recognize glycans containing sialic acid. Most Siglecs also interact with intracellular signal transduction molecules, and modulate immune responses. Recombinant soluble Siglecs fused with the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of immunoglobulin G (Siglec-Fc) are a versatile tool for the investigation of Siglec functions. We describe protocols for the production of recombinant Siglec-Fc, the analysis of expression of Siglec ligands by flow cytometry, and the identification of the Siglec ligand candidates based on proximity labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Yi Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Penk Yeir Low
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Deepa Sridharan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kaia Gerlovin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Blundell PA, Lu D, Wilkinson M, Dell A, Haslam S, Pleass RJ. Insertion of N-Terminal Hinge Glycosylation Enhances Interactions of the Fc Region of Human IgG1 Monomers with Glycan-Dependent Receptors and Blocks Hemagglutination by the Influenza Virus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:1595-1611. [PMID: 30683699 PMCID: PMC6379808 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In therapeutic applications in which the Fc of IgG is critically important, the receptor binding and functional properties of the Fc are lost after deglycosylation or removal of the unique Asn297 N-X-(T/S) sequon. A population of Fcs bearing sialylated glycans has been identified as contributing to this functionality, and high levels of sialylation also lead to longer serum retention times advantageous for therapy. The efficacy of sialylated Fc has generated an incentive to modify the unique N-linked glycosylation site at Asn297, either through chemical and enzymatic methods or by mutagenesis of the Fc, that disrupts the protein-Asn297 carbohydrate interface. In this study, we took an alternative approach by inserting or deleting N-linked attachment sites into the body of the Fc to generate a portfolio of mutants with tailored effector functions. For example, we describe mutants with enhanced binding to low-affinity inhibitory human Fcγ and glycan receptors that may be usefully incorporated into existing Ab engineering approaches to treat or vaccinate against disease. The IgG1 Fc fragments containing complex sialylated glycans attached to the N-terminal Asn221 sequon bound influenza virus hemagglutinin and disrupted influenza A-mediated agglutination of human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Blundell
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; and
| | - Dongli Lu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; and
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Pleass
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; and
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21
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Meyer SJ, Linder AT, Brandl C, Nitschke L. B Cell Siglecs-News on Signaling and Its Interplay With Ligand Binding. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2820. [PMID: 30559744 PMCID: PMC6286995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD22 and Siglec-G are members of the Siglec family. Both are inhibitory co-receptors on the surface of B cells and inhibit B-cell receptor induced signaling, characterized by inhibition of the calcium mobilization and cellular activation. CD22 functions predominantly as an inhibitor on conventional B cells, while Siglec-G is an important inhibitor on the B1a-cell subset. These two B-cell Siglecs do not only inhibit initial signaling, but also have an important function in preventing autoimmunity, as double deficient mice develop a lupus-like phenotype with age. Siglecs are characterized by their conserved ability to bind terminal sialic acid of glycans on the cell surface, which is important to regulate the inhibitory role of Siglecs. While CD22 binds α2,6-linked sialic acids, Siglec-G can bind both α2,6-linked and α2,3-linked sialic acids. Interestingly, ligand binding is differentially regulating the ability of CD22 and Siglec-G to control B-cell activation. Within the last years, quite a few studies focused on the different functions of B-cell Siglecs and the interplay of ligand binding and signal inhibition. This review summarizes the role of CD22 and Siglec-G in regulating B-cell receptor signaling, membrane distribution with the importance of ligand binding, preventing autoimmunity and the role of CD22 beyond the naïve B-cell stage. Additionally, this review article features the long time discussed interaction between CD45 and CD22 with highlighting recent data, as well as the interplay between CD22 and Galectin-9 and its influence on B-cell receptor signaling. Moreover, therapeutical approaches targeting human CD22 will be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Meyer
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra T Linder
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin Brandl
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Tsubata T. Ligand Recognition Determines the Role of Inhibitory B Cell Co-receptors in the Regulation of B Cell Homeostasis and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2276. [PMID: 30333834 PMCID: PMC6175988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells express various inhibitory co-receptors including CD22, CD72, and Siglec-G. These receptors contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs) in the cytoplasmic region. Although many of the inhibitory co-receptors negatively regulate BCR signaling by activating SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1), different inhibitory co-receptors have distinct functional properties. CD22, Siglec-G, and CD72 preferentially regulate tonic signaling in conventional B cells, B-1 cell homeostasis, and development of lupus-like disease, respectively. CD72 recognizes RNA-related lupus self-antigen Sm/RNP as a ligand. This ligand recognition recruits CD72 to BCR in Sm/RNP-reactive B cells thereby suppressing production of anti-Sm/RNP autoantibody involved in the pathogenesis of lupus. In contrast, Siglec-G recognizes α2,3 as well as α2,6 sialic acids whereas CD22 recognizes α2,6 sialic acid alone. Because glycoproteins including BCR are dominantly glycosylated with α2,3 sialic acids in B-1 cells, Siglec-G but not CD22 recruits BCR as a ligand specifically in B-1 cells, and regulates B-1 cell homeostasis by suppressing BCR signaling in B-1 cells. Thus, recognition of distinct ligands determines functional properties of different inhibitory B cell co-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Watier H. Rituximab mechanisms of action in B-CLL: a new piece of the puzzle. Oncotarget 2018; 9:32732-32733. [PMID: 30214679 PMCID: PMC6132346 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Watier
- Hervé Watier: Université de Tours, Tours, France
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24
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Matsubara N, Imamura A, Yonemizu T, Akatsu C, Yang H, Ueki A, Watanabe N, Abdu-Allah H, Numoto N, Takematsu H, Kitazume S, Tedder TF, Marth JD, Ito N, Ando H, Ishida H, Kiso M, Tsubata T. CD22-Binding Synthetic Sialosides Regulate B Lymphocyte Proliferation Through CD22 Ligand-Dependent and Independent Pathways, and Enhance Antibody Production in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:820. [PMID: 29725338 PMCID: PMC5917077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are expressed in various immune cells and most of them carry signaling functions. High-affinity synthetic sialoside ligands have been developed for various Siglecs. Therapeutic potentials of the nanoparticles and compounds that contain multiple numbers of these sialosides and other reagents such as toxins and antigens have been demonstrated. However, whether immune responses can be regulated by monomeric sialoside ligands has not yet been known. CD22 (also known as Siglec-2) is an inhibitory molecule preferentially expressed in B lymphocytes (B cells) and is constitutively bound and functionally regulated by α2,6 sialic acids expressed on the same cell (cis-ligands). Here, we developed synthetic sialosides GSC718 and GSC839 that bind to CD22 with high affinity (IC50 ~100 nM), and inhibit ligand binding of CD22. When B cells are activated by B cell antigen receptor (BCR) ligation, both GSC718 and GSC839 downregulate proliferation of B cells, and this regulation requires both CD22 and α2,6 sialic acids. This result suggests that these sialosides regulate BCR ligation-induced B cell activation by reversing endogenous ligand-mediated regulation of CD22. By contrast, GSC718 and GSC839 augment B cell proliferation induced by TLR ligands or CD40 ligation, and this augmentation requires CD22 but not α2,6 sialic acids. Thus, these sialosides appear to enhance B cell activation by directly suppressing the inhibitory function of CD22 independently of endogenous ligand-mediated regulation. Moreover, GSC839 augments B cell proliferation that depends on both BCR ligation and CD40 ligation as is the case for in vivo B cell responses to antigens, and enhanced antibody production to the extent comparable to CpG oligonuleotides or a small amount of alum. Although these known adjuvants induce production of the inflammatory cytokines or accumulation of inflammatory cells, CD22-binding sialosides do not. Thus, synthetic sialosides that bind to CD22 with high-affinity modulate B cell activation through endogenous ligand-dependent and independent pathways, and carry an adjuvant activity without inducing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Matsubara
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- Department of Applied Bio-Organic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yonemizu
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizuru Akatsu
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hongrui Yang
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiharu Ueki
- Department of Applied Bio-Organic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Natsuki Watanabe
- Department of Applied Bio-Organic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hajjaj Abdu-Allah
- Department of Applied Bio-Organic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Numoto
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Thomas F Tedder
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jamey D Marth
- Center for Nanomedicine, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Nobutoshi Ito
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Department of Applied Bio-Organic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Makoto Kiso
- Department of Applied Bio-Organic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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