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Wei JT, He T, Shen K, Xu ZG, Han JT, Yang XK. Adipose stem cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of wound healing in preclinical animal models: a meta-analysis. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkae025. [PMID: 39099759 PMCID: PMC11298109 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Background Wound healing has always been a serious issue for doctors and primary health care systems. In addition, adipose stem cell-derived exosomes have been proven to play a positive and effective role in tissue repair and regeneration. A systematic review of these preclinical studies was performed to assess the efficacy of adipose stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) in treating wounds. This article aimed to study the effectiveness of ADSC-Exos for the treatment of animal skin wounds and includes a meta-analysis of exosomes from general wounds and diabetic ulcer wounds in in vitro models of animals to provide a theoretical basis for clinical translation. Methods A total of 19 studies with 356 animals were identified by searching the PubMed, Cochrane, MEDLINE Complete, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang databases from inception to 15 November 2022. No language or time restrictions were applied. Stata17 was used for all the data analyses. Results The meta-analysis showed that ADSC-Exo therapy significantly improved the wound healing rate in the control group, except in the diabetes group on day 7. Day 7 of general wounds [standard mean difference (SMD) 2.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.91-3.83)] and day 14 (SMD 2.89, 95%CI 1.47-4.30). Day 14 (SMD 3.43, 95%CI 1.28-5.58) of diabetic wounds. Other outcomes, such as blood vessel density, collagen deposition and wound re-epithelization, improved with the administration of ADSC-Exos. Conclusions A meta-analysis showed that ADSC-Exo therapy applied to general and diabetic wounds can promote neovascularization, improve epithelization and collagen fiber deposition, promote healing, and reduce scar formation. ADSC-Exos have broad potential in preclinical research and clinical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-tao Wei
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street#127, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street#127, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kuo Shen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street#127, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhi-gang Xu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street#127, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jun-tao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street#127, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xue-kang Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street#127, Xi'an 710032, China
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Peppicelli S, Calorini L, Bianchini F, Papucci L, Magnelli L, Andreucci E. Acidity and hypoxia of tumor microenvironment, a positive interplay in extracellular vesicle release by tumor cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00969-z. [PMID: 39023664 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex and continuously evolving features of the tumor microenvironment, varying between tumor histotypes, are characterized by the presence of host cells and tumor cells embedded in a milieu shaped by hypoxia and low pH, resulting from the frequent imbalance between vascularity and tumor cell proliferation. These microenvironmental metabolic stressors play a crucial role in remodeling host cells and tumor cells, contributing to the stimulation of cancer cell heterogeneity, clonal evolution, and multidrug resistance, ultimately leading to progression and metastasis. The extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-enclosed structures released into the extracellular milieu by tumor/host cells, are now recognized as critical drivers in the complex intercellular communication between tumor cells and the local cellular components in a hypoxic/acidic microenvironment. Understanding the intricate molecular mechanisms governing the interactions between tumor and host cells within a hypoxic and acidic microenvironment, triggered by the release of EVs, could pave the way for innovative strategies to disrupt the complex interplay of cancer cells with their microenvironment. This approach may contribute to the development of an efficient and safe therapeutic strategy to combat cancer progression. Therefore, we review the major findings on the release of EVs in a hypoxic/acidic tumor microenvironment to appreciate their role in tumor progression toward metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Peppicelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy.
| | - Lido Calorini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Lucia Magnelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Elena Andreucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, 50134, Italy
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3
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Li Y, Zhu Z, Li S, Xie X, Qin L, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Wang T, Zhang Y. Exosomes: compositions, biogenesis, and mechanisms in diabetic wound healing. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:398. [PMID: 38970103 PMCID: PMC11225131 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are characterized by incomplete healing and delayed healing, resulting in a considerable global health care burden. Exosomes are lipid bilayer structures secreted by nearly all cells and express characteristic conserved proteins and parent cell-associated proteins. Exosomes harbor a diverse range of biologically active macromolecules and small molecules that can act as messengers between different cells, triggering functional changes in recipient cells and thus endowing the ability to cure various diseases, including diabetic wounds. Exosomes accelerate diabetic wound healing by regulating cellular function, inhibiting oxidative stress damage, suppressing the inflammatory response, promoting vascular regeneration, accelerating epithelial regeneration, facilitating collagen remodeling, and reducing scarring. Exosomes from different tissues or cells potentially possess functions of varying levels and can promote wound healing. For example, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) have favorable potential in the field of healing due to their superior stability, permeability, biocompatibility, and immunomodulatory properties. Exosomes, which are derived from skin cellular components, can modulate inflammation and promote the regeneration of key skin cells, which in turn promotes skin healing. Therefore, this review mainly emphasizes the roles and mechanisms of exosomes from different sources, represented by MSCs and skin sources, in improving diabetic wound healing. A deeper understanding of therapeutic exosomes will yield promising candidates and perspectives for diabetic wound healing management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhanyong Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Sicheng Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Xiaohang Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437000, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Qian L, Li B, Pi L, Fang B, Meng X. Hypoxic adipose stem cell-derived exosomes carrying high-abundant USP22 facilitate cutaneous wound healing through stabilizing HIF-1α and upregulating lncRNA H19. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23653. [PMID: 38738548 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301403rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning has been recognized as a promotive factor for accelerating cutaneous wound healing. Our previous study uncovered that exosomal lncRNA H19, derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), plays a crucial role in orchestrating cutaneous wound healing. Herein, we aimed to explore whether there is a connection between hypoxia and ADSC-derived exosomes (ADSCs-exos) in cutaneous wound healing. Exosomes extracted from ADSCs under normoxic and hypoxic conditions were identified using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and particle size analysis. The effects of ADSCs-exos on the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated by CCK-8, EdU, wound healing, and tube formation assays. Expression patterns of H19, HIF-1α, and USP22 were measured. Co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination, and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm the USP22/HIF-1α/H19 axis, which was further validated in a mice model of skin wound. Exosomes extracted from hypoxia-treated ADSCs (termed as H-ADSCs-exos) significantly increased cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in H2O2-exposed HUVECs, and promoted cutaneous wound healing in vivo. Moreover, H-ADSCs and H-ADSCs-exos, which exhibited higher levels of H19, were found to be transcriptionally activated by HIF-1α. Mechanically, H-ADSCs carrying USP22 accounted for deubiquitinating and stabilizing HIF-1α. Additionally, H-ADSCs-exos improved cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in H2O2-triggered HUVECs by activating USP22/HIF-1α axis and promoting H19 expression, which may provide a new clue for the clinical treatment of cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qian
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Plastic & Laser Cosmetic, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Li Pi
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Bairong Fang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xianxi Meng
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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Papadopoulos KS, Piperi C, Korkolopoulou P. Clinical Applications of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell (ADSC) Exosomes in Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5916. [PMID: 38892103 PMCID: PMC11172884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells with a great potential for self-renewal and differentiation. Exosomes derived from ADSCs (ADSC-exos) can imitate their functions, carrying cargoes of bioactive molecules that may affect specific cellular targets and signaling processes. Recent evidence has shown that ADSC-exos can mediate tissue regeneration through the regulation of the inflammatory response, enhancement of cell proliferation, and induction of angiogenesis. At the same time, they may promote wound healing as well as the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. In combination with scaffolds, they present the future of cell-free therapies and promising adjuncts to reconstructive surgery with diverse tissue-specific functions and minimal adverse effects. In this review, we address the main characteristics and functional properties of ADSC-exos in tissue regeneration and explore their most recent clinical application in wound healing, musculoskeletal regeneration, dermatology, and plastic surgery as well as in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos S. Papadopoulos
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, 11525 Athens, Greece;
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Tian Y, Wang X, Sun Y, Xiong X, Zeng W, Yang K, Zhao H, Deng Y, Song D. NPTX1 Mediates the Facilitating Effects of Hypoxia-Stimulated Human Adipocytes on Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Activation and Autologous Adipose Graft Survival Rate. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-04118-7. [PMID: 38789811 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous adipose tissue is an ideal material for soft tissue filling and transplantation; however, high volumes of fat absorption over time lead to a relatively low overall survival percentage. The survival and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in the transplanted microenvironment might improve adipose graft survival. Adipocytes have been reported to affect ADSC activation. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS Human ADSCs were incubated in a culture medium supplemented with hypoxic or normoxic conditioned culture medium (CM) derived from human adipocytes. Neuronal Pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) was overexpressed or knocked down in human adipocytes using an overexpression vector (NPTX1 OE) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, respectively. ADSC differentiation and paracrine secretion were assessed. Nude mice were implanted with human adipocytes and ADSCs. The adipose tissue was subsequently evaluated by histological analysis. RESULTS CM from hypoxic-stimulated human adipocytes significantly facilitated the differentiation ability and paracrine levels of ADSCs. NPTX1 was significantly up-regulated in human adipocytes exposed to hypoxic conditions. In vitro, CM derived from hypoxia-stimulated human adipocytes or NPTX1-overexpressing human adipocytes exposed to normoxia promoted ADSC differentiation and paracrine; after silencing NPTX1, the facilitating effects of hypoxia-treated human adipocytes on ADSC activation were eliminated. Similarly, in vivo, the NPTX1 OE + normoxia-CM group saw improved histological morphology and fat integrity, less fibrosis and inflammation, and increased vessel numbers compared with the OE NC + normoxia-CM group; the adipocyte grafts of the si-NC + hypoxia-CM group yielded the most improved histological morphology, fat integrity, and the most vessel numbers. However, these enhancements of ADSC activation and adipose graft survival were partially abolished by NPTX1 knockdown in human adipocytes. CONCLUSION NPTX1 might mediate the facilitating effects of hypoxia-stimulated human adipocytes on ADSC activation, thereby improving adipose tissue survival rate after autologous fat transplantation and the effectiveness of autologous fat transplantation through promoting ADSC activation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiancheng Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Xiong
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Weiliang Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hongli Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
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Svolacchia F, Svolacchia L, Falabella P, Scieuzo C, Salvia R, Giglio F, Catalano A, Saturnino C, Di Lascio P, Guarro G, Imbriani GC, Ferraro G, Giuzio F. Exosomes and Signaling Nanovesicles from the Nanofiltration of Preconditioned Adipose Tissue with Skin-B ® in Tissue Regeneration and Antiaging: A Clinical Study and Case Report. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:670. [PMID: 38674316 PMCID: PMC11051917 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This three-year clinical trial aimed to demonstrate that only the signaling vesicles produced by ADSCa, containing mRNA, microRNA, growth factors (GFs), and bioactive peptides, provide an advantage over classical therapy with adipose disaggregate to make the tissue regeneration technique safer due to the absence of interfering materials and cells, while being extremely minimally invasive. The infiltration of disaggregated adipose nanofat, defined by the Tonnard method, for the regeneration of the dermis and epidermis during physiological or pathological aging continues to be successfully used for the presence of numerous adult stem cells in suspension (ADSCa). An improvement in this method is the exclusion of fibrous shots and cellular debris from the nanofat to avoid inflammatory phenomena by microfiltration. Materials and Methods: A small amount of adipose tissue was extracted after surface anesthesia and disaggregated according to the Tonnard method. An initial microfiltration at 20/40 microns was performed to remove fibrous shots and cellular debris. The microfiltration was stabilized with a sterile solution containing hyaluronic acid and immediately ultrafiltered to a final size of 0.20 microns to exclude the cellular component and hyaluronic acid chains of different molecular weights. The suspension was then injected into the dermis using a mesotherapy technique with microinjections. Results: This study found that it is possible to extract signaling microvesicles using a simple ultrafiltration system. The Berardesca Scale, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and Modified Vancouver Scale (MVS) showed that it is possible to obtain excellent results with this technique. The ultrafiltrate can validly be used in a therapy involving injection into target tissues affected by chronic and photoaging with excellent results. Conclusions: This retrospective clinical evaluation study allowed us to consider the results obtained with this method for the treatment of dermal wrinkles and facial tissue furrows as excellent. The method is safe and an innovative regenerative therapy as a powerful and viable alternative to skin regeneration therapies, antiaging therapies, and chronic inflammatory diseases because it lacks the inflammatory component produced by cellular debris and fibrous sprouts and because it can exclude the mesenchymal cellular component by reducing multiple inflammatory cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Svolacchia
- Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Svolacchia
- Department of General Surgery, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Falabella
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (P.F.); (C.S.); (R.S.); (F.G.); (C.S.)
- Spinoff XFlies S.R.L, University of Basilicata, Via Dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Carmen Scieuzo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (P.F.); (C.S.); (R.S.); (F.G.); (C.S.)
- Spinoff XFlies S.R.L, University of Basilicata, Via Dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (P.F.); (C.S.); (R.S.); (F.G.); (C.S.)
- Spinoff XFlies S.R.L, University of Basilicata, Via Dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Fabiana Giglio
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (P.F.); (C.S.); (R.S.); (F.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (P.F.); (C.S.); (R.S.); (F.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Pierpaolo Di Lascio
- Department of General Surgery AOR San Carlo, Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Guarro
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ASL Umbria 1, Umbria, 06127 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Giusy Carmen Imbriani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Aorn Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano, Campania, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Federica Giuzio
- Spinoff TNcKILLERS s.r.l., University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
- U.O.C. Primary Care and Territorial Health, Social and Health Department, State Hospital, 47893 San Marino, Italy
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Izadpanah A, Chaffin AE, Jansen DA, Alt EU, Izadpanah R. Modulation of Cellular Stemness for Enhanced Fat Grafting. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2024; 12:e5770. [PMID: 38660335 PMCID: PMC11042767 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Low volumetric retention limits the utility of fat grafting. Although inclusion of stem cells and platelet-rich plasma have been proposed to enhance graft retention, accumulating evidence has failed to show a clear benefit. Here, we propose a strategy to pharmacologically enhance stemness of stem and progenitor cell populations in fat grafts to promote increased volume retention and tissue health. We also propose how to integrate stemness-promoting and differentiation-promoting therapies such as platelet-rich plasma, and viability promoting therapies within the common fat grafting workflow to achieve optimal fat grafting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Izadpanah
- From Applied Stem Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, La
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Abigail E. Chaffin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - David A. Jansen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Eckhard U. Alt
- From Applied Stem Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, La
| | - Reza Izadpanah
- From Applied Stem Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, La
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
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9
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Long R, Wang S. Exosomes from preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells: Tissue repair and regeneration. Regen Ther 2024; 25:355-366. [PMID: 38374989 PMCID: PMC10875222 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
As a prominent research area in tissue repair and regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered substantial attention for their potential in the treatment of various diseases. It is now widely recognized that the therapeutic effects of MSCs primarily occur through paracrine mechanisms. Among these mechanisms, exosomes play a crucial role by exerting a series of regulatory effects on surrounding cells and tissues. While exosomes have shown promise in treating various diseases, they do have some limitations, such as limited secretion, poor targeting, and single functionality. However, MSC preconditioning can enhance the production of exosomes, lead to more stable functionality and improve therapeutic effects. Moreover, exosomes could also serve as carriers for specific drugs or genes, enabling more precise treatments of diseases. This review summarizes the most recent literatures on how preconditioning of MSCs influences the regenerative potential of their exosomes in tissue repair and provides new insights into the therapeutic application of exosomes derived from MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Long
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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10
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Zomer HD, de Souza Lima VJ, Bion MC, Brito KNL, Rode M, Stimamiglio MA, Jeremias TDS, Trentin AG. Evaluation of secretomes derived from human dermal and adipose tissue mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for skin wound healing: not as effective as cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:15. [PMID: 38229157 PMCID: PMC10792854 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03630-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the paracrine effects of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been recognized as crucial mediators of their regenerative effects on tissue repair, the potential of MSC secretomes as effective substitutes for cellular therapies remains underexplored. METHODS In this study, we compared MSCs from the human dermis (DSCs) and adipose tissue (ASCs) with their secretomes regarding their efficacy for skin wound healing using a translationally relevant murine model. RESULTS Proteomic analysis revealed that while there was a substantial overlap in protein composition between DSC and ASC secretomes, specific proteins associated with wound healing and angiogenesis were differentially expressed. Despite a similar angiogenic potential in vivo, DSC and ASC secretomes were found to be less effective than cells in accelerating wound closure and promoting tissue remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Overall, secretome-treated groups showed intermediary results between cells- and control-treated (empty scaffold) groups. These findings highlight that although secretomes possess therapeutic potential, their efficacy might be limited compared to cellular therapies. This study contributes to the growing understanding of MSC secretomes, emphasizes the need for further protocol optimization, and offers insights into their potential applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Debiazi Zomer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Victor Juan de Souza Lima
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Monique Coelho Bion
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- National Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karynne Nazare Lins Brito
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Michele Rode
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marco Augusto Stimamiglio
- Laboratory for Stem Cells Basic Biology, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ/PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Talita da Silva Jeremias
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Andrea Gonçalves Trentin
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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Xining Z, Sai L. The Evolving Function of Vasculature and Pro-angiogenic Therapy in Fat Grafting. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241264976. [PMID: 39056562 PMCID: PMC11282510 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241264976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autologous fat grating is a widely-accepted method to correct soft tissue deficiency. Although fat transplantation shows excellent biocompatibility and simple applicability, the relatively low retention rate caused by fat necrosis is still a challenge. The vasculature is integral after fat grafting, serving multiple crucial functions. Rapid and effective angiogenesis within grafts is essential for supplying oxygen necessary for adipocytes' survival. It facilitates the influx of inflammatory cells to remove necrotic adipocytes and aids in the delivery of regenerative cells for adipose tissue regeneration in fat grafts. The vasculature also provides a niche for interaction between adipose progenitor cells and vascular progenitor cells, enhancing angiogenesis and adipogenesis in grafts. Various methods, such as enriching grafts with diverse pro-angiogenic cells or utilizing cell-free approaches, have been employed to enhance angiogenesis. Beige and dedifferentiated adipocytes in grafts could increase vessel density. This review aims to outline the function of vasculature in fat grafting and discuss different cell or cell-free approaches that can enhance angiogenesis following fat grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Xining
- The Plastic and Aesthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Luo Sai
- The Plastic and Aesthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Limido E, Weinzierl A, Harder Y, Menger MD, Laschke MW. Fatter Is Better: Boosting the Vascularization of Adipose Tissue Grafts. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:605-622. [PMID: 37166386 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue resorption after fat grafting is a major drawback in plastic and reconstructive surgery, which is primarily caused by the insufficient blood perfusion of the grafts in the initial phase after transplantation. To overcome this problem, several promising strategies to boost the vascularization and, thus, increase survival rates of fat grafts have been developed in preclinical studies in recent years. These include the angiogenic stimulation of the grafts by growth factors and botulinum neurotoxin A, biologically active gels, and cellular enrichment, as well as the physical and pharmacological stimulation of the transplantation site. To transfer these approaches into future clinical practice, it will be necessary to establish standardized procedures for their safe application in humans. If this succeeds, the surgical outcomes of fat grafting may be markedly improved, resulting in a significant reduction of the physical and psychological stress for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Limido
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Weinzierl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yves Harder
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Li W, Chen X, Zou F, He X. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Hypoxia-Treated Human Adipose Stem Cells Increase Proliferation and Angiogenic Differentiation in Human Adipose Stem Cells. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:NP924-NP933. [PMID: 37158152 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are crucial in cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL). ADSC-derived exosomes could improve the survival of CAL. Almost all relevant research now ignores ADSCs in favor of studying the proangiogenic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). OBJECTIVES Given the significance of ADSCs in CAL, the authors sought to verify that EVs from ADSCs under hypoxia treatment can enhance the angiogenic potential of ADSCs. METHODS EVs were harvested from human ADSCs (hADSCs) under normoxia and hypoxia. A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to measure the proliferation of hADSCs. By examining the expression of CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor, the pro-angiogenic differentiation potential was assessed. Moreover, a tube formation experiment was carried out to evaluate the pro-angiogenic differentiation potential. RESULTS Hypoxic EVs showed more significant pro-proliferative and pro-angiogenic potential. Angiogenesis was more vigorous in hADSCs treated with hypoxic EVs than in those treated with nomorxic EVs. The hADSCs treated with hypoxic EVs expressed higher angiogenic markers, according to real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis, which revealed more angiogenic marker expression in hypoxic EV-treated hADSCs. The same result was demonstrated by tube formation on Matrigel in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxic EVs significantly increased the proliferation and angiogenic differentiation potential of hADSCs. Hypoxic EV-treated ADSCs may be beneficial to CAL and prevascularized tissue-engineered constructs.
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Kim SE, Kim YJ, Kim YW, Cheon YW. Heating Pretreatment of the Recipient Site Enhances Survival of Transplanted Fat in a Mouse Model. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 152:787-795. [PMID: 36847665 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite several studies about the preparation of the recipient site in fat grafting, optimizing techniques with clinical usefulness is still necessary. Through previous animal studies reporting that heat can increase tissue vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular permeability, the authors hypothesize that pretreatment heating of the recipient site will increase retention of grafted fat. METHODS Twenty 6-week-old female BALB/c mice had two pretreatment sites on their back, one for the experimental temperatures (44°C and 48°C) and the other for the control. A digitally controlled aluminum block was used to apply the contact thermal damage. Human fat (0.5 mL) was grafted on each site and harvested on days 7, 14, and 49. The percentage volume and weight, histologic changes, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression, a key regulator of adipogenesis, were measured by the water displacement method, light microscopy, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS The harvested percentage volumes were 74.0% ± 3.4%, 82.5% ± 5.0%, and 67.5% ± 9.6% for the control, 44°C-pretreatment, and 48°C-pretreatment groups, respectively. The percentage volume and weight of the 44°C-pretreatment group was higher than the other groups ( P < 0.05). The 44°C-pretreatment group exhibited significantly higher integrity with fewer cysts and vacuoles than the other groups. Both heating pretreatment groups showed markedly higher rates of vascularity than the control group ( P < 0.017), and also increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma over two-fold. CONCLUSION Heating preconditioning of the recipient site during fat grafting can increase the retention volume and improve the integrity, which is partly explained by increased adipogenesis in a short-term mouse model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Tanning could be an alternative pretreatment for fat grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Eung Kim
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine
| | - Yang Woo Kim
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine
| | - Young Woo Cheon
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine
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Jiang XY, Li FW, Chen YQ, Fang JR, Luo SK, Wang HB. Exosomes Derived from Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Cannot Distinctively Promote Graft Survival in Cryopreservation Fat Grafting. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023; 47:2117-2129. [PMID: 37400586 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreserved fat has limited clinical applications due to its rapid absorption, high degree of fibrosis, and risk of complications after grafting. Many studies have verified that Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) can improve fresh fat graft survival. This study assessed whether ADSC-Exos could improve the survival of cryopreserved fat grafts. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from human ADSCs were subcutaneously engrafted with adipose tissues stored under different conditions (fresh; cryopreserved for 1 month) into the backs of BALB/c nude mice (n = 24), and exosomes or PBS were administered weekly. Grafts were harvested at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and fat retention rate, histologic, and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted. RESULTS At 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the transfer, cryopreserved fat grafts in groups of exosome-treated showed better fat integrity, fewer oil cysts, and reduced fibrosis. Further investigations of macrophage infiltration and neovascularization revealed that those exosomes increased the number of M2 macrophages at 2 and 4 weeks (p<0.05), but had limited impact on vascularization (p>0.05). It's important to note that no significant differences (p>0.05) were observed between the two groups in both histological and immunohistochemical evaluations at 8 weeks post-transplantation. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that ADSC-Exos could improve the survival of cryopreserved fat grafts in the short term (within 4 weeks), but the overall improvement was poor (after 8 weeks). This suggests that the utility of using ADSC-Exos to treat cryopreserved adipose tissue grafts is limited. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Yu Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fang-Wei Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Qing Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun-Ren Fang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sheng-Kang Luo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Hai-Bin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xin Gang Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
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Wang F, Jiang M, Chi Y, Huang G, Jin M. Exosomes from circRNA-Ptpn4 can modify ADSC treatment and repair nerve damage caused by cerebral infarction by shifting microglial M1/M2 polarization. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04824-x. [PMID: 37632638 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been demonstrated to improve the microenvironment after a stroke. Increasing studies have confirmed that hypoxia pretreatment of ADSCs resulted in a better therapeutic effect, but the mechanism of treatment is unclear. We isolated ADSCs and exosomes. Then, constructed a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice model. High-throughput sequencing was used to identify the differential expression of circRNA. Immunofluorescence and ELISAs were used to detect the therapeutic effects of ADSC exosomes on MCAO. The luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the interaction relationships among circRNA-Ptpn4, miR-153-3p, and Nrf2. This study showed that exosomes from hypoxia pretreatment of ADSCs had significant effects in promoting functional recovery following in vivo MCAO, through suppressed inflammatory factor expression, and shifting the microglial from M1 to M2 polarization activation. The results showed that circRNA-Ptpn4 was highly expressed during hypoxia pretreatment of ADSCs exosomes. Exosomes from circ-Ptpn4-modified ADSCs had a greater ability to promote functional recovery. The circ-Ptpn4 delivered from ADSC exosomes induced microglia/macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 by suppressing miR-153-3p and enhancing Nrf2 expressions. Taken together, the results showed that exosomes from circRNA-Ptpn4 modified ADSC treatment repaired nerve damage caused by cerebral infarction by inducing microglial M1/M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of neurology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Yongbin Chi
- Department of Clinical Lab, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, 200135, China.
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
| | - Mingming Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Ichihashi M, Tanaka M, Iizuka T, Totsuka H, Tominaga E, Hitomi Y, Ando H, Nishikata T, Mizutani KI. A Single Intradermal Injection of Autologous Adipose-Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Rejuvenates Aged Skin and Sharpens Double Eyelids. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1162. [PMID: 37511775 PMCID: PMC10381540 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial skin aging is the most visible manifestation of aging in the body. In this study, we aimed to rejuvenate aging skin via a one-time intradermal injection of autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Eight patients were enrolled for study. Photographs of patients taken immediately before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after ADSC injections were comparatively evaluated for visible skin manifestations. ADSCs were cultured from the abdominal-skin-derived subcutaneous fat tissue, and 1 × 108 cultured ADSCs were injected intradermally into the facial skin. Cultured myoblasts were incubated with the supernatant derived from ADSCs, and the effect was evaluated via glucose consumption and lactic acid production in the medium. Eight cases showed the shallowing and disappearance of wrinkles, including those of the glabella, lower eyelids, crow`s feet, and forehead and nasolabial grooves, a month to several months after treatment. Double eyelids became prominent, and facial pores significantly reduced in size. These effects lasted for over one year. Myoblasts cultured in the presence of an ADSC-derived exosome were activated compared to that of ADSCs cultured without supernatant. The result supports the role of muscle in ADSC skin rejuvenation. The present study first reports that a single intradermal administration of cultured ADSCs rejuvenates aged facial skin over the course of one year. Further, patients exhibited definite double eyelids and pore shrinkage, strongly indicating the active involvement of muscle, which was supported by an in vitro study. Our study also suggested the important role of biological factors delivered from injected stem cells, although the detailed mechanism of rejuvenation effects of ADSC skin injection remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Ichihashi
- Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Arts Ginza Clinic, Tokyo 105-0004, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hideya Ando
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishikata
- Frontier of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Mizutani
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
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Ku YC, Omer Sulaiman H, Anderson SR, Abtahi AR. The Potential Role of Exosomes in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery: A Review of Current Literature. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e5051. [PMID: 37313480 PMCID: PMC10259637 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite an increasing surge of exosome use throughout the aesthetic arena, a paucity of published exosome-based literature exists. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles derived from various cell types, exerting effects via intercellular communication and regulation of several signaling pathways. The purpose of this review was to summarize published articles elucidating mechanisms and potential applications, report available products and clinical techniques, and prompt further investigation of this emerging treatment within the plastic surgery community. Methods A literature review was performed using PubMed with keywords exosomes, secretomes, extracellular vesicles, plastic surgery, skin rejuvenation, scar revision, hair growth, body contouring, and breast augmentation. Publications from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed for relevance and level of evidence. A Google search identified exosome distributors, where manufacturing/procurement details, price, efficacy, and clinical indications for use were obtained by direct contact and summarized in table format. Results Exosomes are currently derived from bone marrow, placental, adipose, and umbilical cord tissue. Laboratory-based exosome studies demonstrate enhanced outcomes in skin rejuvenation, scar revision, hair restoration, and fat graft survival on the macro and micro levels. Clinical studies are limited to anecdotal results. Prices vary considerably from $60 to nearly $5000 based on company, source tissue, and exosome concentration. No exosome-based products are currently Food and Drug Administration-approved. Conclusions Administered alone or as an adjunct, current reports show promise in several areas of aesthetic plastic surgery. However, ongoing investigation is warranted to further delineate concentration, application, safety profile, and overall outcome efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying C. Ku
- From the Department of Surgery, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC
| | - Hafsa Omer Sulaiman
- Department of Surgery, Hull University Hospitals, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
| | - Spencer R. Anderson
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH
| | - Ali R. Abtahi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA
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Liu M, Shang Y, Liu N, Zhen Y, Chen Y, An Y. Strategies to Improve AFT Volume Retention After Fat Grafting. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023; 47:808-824. [PMID: 36316460 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-03088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous fat grafting has gained increasing popularity used in plastic surgery as a strategy to improve functional and aesthetic outcome. However, variable augmentation results have concerned surgeons in that volume loss of grafted fat reported fluctuates unsteadily. AIM An optimal technique that clinically maximizes the long-term survival rate of transplantation is in urgent need to be identified. METHOD The PubMed/MEDLINE database was queried to search for animal and human studies published through March of 2022 with search terms related to adipose grafting encompassing liposuction, adipose graft viability, processing technique, adipose-derived stem cell, SVF and others. RESULTS 45 in vivo studies met inclusion criteria. The principal of ideal processing technique is effective purification of fat and protection of tissue viability, such as gauze rolling and washing-filtration devices. Cell-assisted lipotransfer including SVF, SVF-gel and ADSCs significantly promotes graft retention via differentiation potential and paracrine manner. ADSCs induce polarization of macrophages to regulate inflammatory response, mediate extracellular matrix remodeling and promote endothelial cell migration and sprouting, and differentiate into adipocytes to replace necrotic cells, providing powerful evidence for the benefits and efficacy of cell-assisted lipotransfer. CONCLUSION Based on the current evidence, the best strategy can not be decided. Cell-assisted lipotransfer has great potential for use in regenerative medicine. But so far mechanically prepared SVF-gel is conducive to clinical promotion. PRP as endogenous growth factor sustained-release material shows great feasibility. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yujia Shang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yonghuan Zhen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Youbai Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yang An
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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20
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Li W, Yang Y, Zhang X, Lin Y, Li H, Yao Y, Mu D. The preliminary study of exosomes derived from thymosin beta 4-treated adipose-derived stem cells in fat grafting. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:413-427. [PMID: 36445571 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The retention rate in autologous fat grafting is an increasing concern for surgeons and patients. Our previous research verified that thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) positively affected fat survival, while the mechanism was unknown. The endothelial cells (ECs) and exosomes derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were regarded to play a critical role in fat transplantation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exosomes derived from Tβ4-treated ADSCs on EC proliferation and to identify the exosomal microRNA (miRNA) profile compared with the Tβ4-untreated group. Additionally, this research intended to recognize the related molecules and signaling pathways in the Tβ4-treated group with potential roles in fat transplants. METHODS ADSCs were collected from patients who underwent liposuction surgery. Depending on whether the medium was supplemented with exogenous Tβ4 or not, exosomes derived from cultured ADSCs were divided into the Tβ4-Exos group and Con-Exos group. Exosome uptake and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays assessed the influence of Tβ4-Exos on EC proliferation. The exosomal miRNAs of the two groups were analyzed by next-generation sequencing. With the criteria at the |log2 (fold change)| ≥ 1 and p-value < 0.05, up-regulated and down-regulated differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were obtained. Prediction databases were used to predict the downstream mRNAs for DEMs. And then, overlapping genes for the up-regulated DEMs and the down-regulated were screened out, followed by enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction network construction, and the gene cluster and hub gene identification. RESULTS ADSCs were obtained from four female patients. The exosome uptake and CCK-8 assays showed that the Tβ4-Exos could increase cell growth rate compared with the control group (DMEM-H + PBS). In Tβ4-Exos and Con-Exos groups, 2651 exosomal miRNAs were recognized, with 80 up-regulated and 99 down-regulated DEMs according to the criteria. After the prediction, 621 overlapping genes for the up-regulated and 572 for the down-regulated DEMs were screened. The subsequent bioinformatics analysis found specific molecules and pathways related to the positive effect on fat survival. CONCLUSIONS The exosomes derived from Tβ4-treated ADSCs probably positively affect EC proliferation. Compared with the Con-Exos group, several exosomal DEMs, genes, and pathways were distinguished. These findings of this exploratory study provide the potential direction for future in-depth research on fat grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Li
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Dali Mu
- Department of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China.
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Dong J, Wu B, Tian W. Exosomes derived from hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (hypoMSCs-Exo): advantages in disease treatment. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03758-6. [PMID: 36781483 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapy has been reported to be a potential approach to treat various diseases and the paracrine role might be the underlying mechanism. Exosomes were considered an important part of this paracrine role. It was reported that maintenance of MSCs in hypoxia conditions for a short time has shown to be beneficial for the therapeutic effect of MSCs and MSCs-derived exosomes. In this review, we summarized the recent developments on exosomes derived from hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (hypoMSCs-Exo), including the characteristics of hypoMSCs-Exo in morphology and contents, diseases in which hypoMSCs-Exo showed more effective, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that hypoMSCs-Exo showed more effective in disease treatment. Besides, we also discussed the limitations of current studies and the issues that needed to be improved in the application of hypoMSCs-Exo. This review aimed to promote a comprehensive and systematic understanding of this type of exosome with great therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Kang Y, Xu J, Meng L, Su Y, Fang H, Liu J, Cheng YY, Jiang D, Nie Y, Song K. 3D bioprinting of dECM/Gel/QCS/nHAp hybrid scaffolds laden with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes to improve angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Biofabrication 2023; 15. [PMID: 36756934 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acb6b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial bone regeneration is a coupled process of angiogenesis and osteogenesis, which, associated with infection, still remains a challenge in bone defects after trauma or tumor resection. 3D tissue engineering scaffolds with multifunctional-therapeutic properties can offer many advantages for the angiogenesis and osteogenesis of infected bone defects. Hence, in the present study, a microchannel networks-enriched 3D hybrid scaffold composed of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), gelatin (Gel), quaterinized chitosan (QCS) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) (dGQH) was fabricated by an extrusion 3D bioprinting technology. And enlightened by the characteristics of natural bone microstructure and the demands of vascularized bone regeneration, the exosomes (Exos) isolated from human adipose derived stem cells as angiogenic and osteogenic factors were then co-loaded into the desired dGQH20hybrid scaffold based on an electrostatic interaction. The results of the hybrid scaffolds performance characterization showed that these hybrid scaffolds exhibited an interconnected pore structure and appropriate degradability (>61% after 8 weeks of treatment), and the dGQH20hybrid scaffold displayed the highest porosity (83.93 ± 7.38%) and mechanical properties (tensile modulus: 62.68 ± 10.29 MPa, compressive modulus: 16.22 ± 3.61 MPa) among the dGQH hybrid scaffolds. Moreover, the dGQH20hybrid scaffold presented good antibacterial activities (against 94.90 ± 2.44% ofEscherichia coliand 95.41 ± 2.65% ofStaphylococcus aureus, respectively) as well as excellent hemocompatibility and biocompatibility. Furthermore, the results of applying the Exos to the dGQH20hybrid scaffold showed that the Exo promoted the cell attachment and proliferation on the scaffold, and also showed a significant increase in osteogenesis and vascularity regeneration in the dGQH@Exo scaffoldsin vitroandin vivo. Overall, this novel dECM/Gel/QCS/nHAp hybrid scaffold laden with Exo has a considerable potential application in reservation of craniofacial bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Kang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China.,Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling'ao Meng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Su
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China.,Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuen Yee Cheng
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Daqing Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Nie
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
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Ren S, Lin Y, Liu W, Yang L, Zhao M. MSC-Exos: Important active factor of bone regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1136453. [PMID: 36814713 PMCID: PMC9939647 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1136453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defect and repair is a common but difficult problem in restorative and reconstructive surgery. Bone tissue defects of different sizes caused by different reasons bring functional limitations and cosmetic deformities to patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), a major hotspot in the field of regeneration in recent years, have been widely used in various studies on bone tissue regeneration. Numerous studies have shown that the bone regenerative effects of MSC can be achieved through exosome-delivered messages. Although its osteogenic mechanism is still unclear, it is clear that MSC-Exos can directly or indirectly support the action of bone regeneration. It can act directly on various cells associated with osteogenesis, or by carrying substances that affect cellular activators or the local internal environment in target cells, or it can achieve activation of the osteogenic framework by binding to materials. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the types and content of effective contents of MSC-Exos in bone regeneration, as well as recent advances in the currently commonly used methods to enable the binding of MSC-Exos to the framework and to conclude that MSC-Exos is effective in promoting osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihang Ren
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics (China Medical University), Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning (The Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China
| | - Yuyang Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenyue Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics (China Medical University), Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning (The Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China,Department of Biomaterials, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Liqun Yang, ; Muxin Zhao,
| | - Muxin Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,*Correspondence: Liqun Yang, ; Muxin Zhao,
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24
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Hu N, Cai Z, Jiang X, Wang C, Tang T, Xu T, Chen H, Li X, Du X, Cui W. Hypoxia-pretreated ADSC-derived exosome-embedded hydrogels promote angiogenesis and accelerate diabetic wound healing. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:175-186. [PMID: 36503078 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating reports indicate that adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)-originating exosomes (ADSC-Exos) provide a potential strategy for diabetic wound repair. However, the disadvantages of exosomes, such as fast decrease of biological activity and unknown biological mechanisms, limit their clinical application. Herein, hypoxia-pretreated ADSC-Exo (ADSC-HExo)-embedded GelMA hydrogels (GelMA-HExo) were developed via non-covalent force and physical embedding. These materials rapidly converted into a gel state under illumination, thereby adapting to irregular diabetic wounds. The regulatory mechanism of circ-Snhg11 delivery by exosomes in accelerating diabetic wound healing was explored. In vitro, GelMA-HExo hydrogels had a loose porous structure, and a stable degradation and expansion rate. In vivo, GelMA-HExo hydrogels promoted wound healing in diabetic mice. In particular, ADSC-HExos had a good therapeutic effect, in which circ-Snhg11 expression was increased. Furthermore, circ-Snhg11-modified ADSC-Exos increased the migratory, proliferative and blood vessel regeneration potential of vascular endothelial cells (ECs). In addition, overexpression (OE) of NFE2L2-HIF1α or inhibition of miR-144-3p-both of which are members of the miR-144-3p/NFE2L2/HIF1α pathway downstream of circ-Snhg11-reversed the therapeutic effects of circ-Snhg11. In summary, this study explored the effects and downstream targets of hypoxic engineered exosome hydrogels in managing diabetic wound repair. These hydrogels are expected to serve as a new approach for clinical treatment and to have application possibilities in other disease areas. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: ADSC-Exo treatment can accelerate diabetic wound healing via circRNA delivery. But how to reverse the problems such as poor mechanical properties, low biological activity, short duration of effect and high risk of sudden release of exosomes needs investigation. We constructed exosome-embedded GelMA (GelMA-Exo) hydrogels and found that GelMA-Exo treatment could significantly promote diabetic wound healing. Further study found that exosomes from hypoxia-pretreated ADSCs (ADSC-HExos) had an enhanced therapeutic effect than normal exosomes. The regulation mechanism study found that circ-Snhg11 delivery from GelMA-HExo incremented survival and maintained endothelial cell (EC) function, possibly via the activation of miR-144-3p/NFE2L2/HIF1α signaling. These findings suggest a new therapeutic strategy for patients with diabetic ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, #321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengwei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Xudong Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, #321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, #321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, #321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianze Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, #321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, #321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, #321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaolong Du
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, #321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
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Yinhua Zhao M, Yanyu Shi M, Lin H. Extracellular vesicles from hypoxia-pretreated adipose-derived stem cells regulate hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced human dermal microvascular endothelial apoptosis and autophagy in vitro. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13315. [PMID: 36747525 PMCID: PMC9898448 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest hypoxia can promote adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to attenuate hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced damage to human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), isolated from ADSCs, play an-important role in the fields of regenerative medicine. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of EVs isolated from hypoxia-pretreated ADSCs (ADSC-EVs[H]) on HDMECs to attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury of free skin flaps. First, we characterized EVs isolated from normoxia-cultured ADSCs (ADSC-EVs[N]) and ADSC-EVs(H). Experimental data indicated that EVs isolated from ADSCs consisted of lipid-bilayer vesicles that exhibited positive expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and marker proteins CD9, CD63 and CD81, and the mean particle size of EVs in the hypoxia-pretreated ADSCs (ADSC[H]) group was smaller (74.17 nm) than in the normoxic-cultured ADSCs (ADSC[N]) group (93.87 nm). Hypoxic pretreatment increased the number of EVs. Later, we favorably constructed the co-culture model of EVs isolated from ADSCs (ADSC-EVs) and H/R-induced HDMECs. Cell counting kit-8, Ethynyldeoxyuridine assay, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining showed that ADSC-EVs(H) promoted the survival of HDMECs and increased LC3 level. Apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assays revealed that ADSC-EVs(H) reduced the apoptosis rate and ROS accumulation and increased MMP level in HDMECs, indicating that ADSC-EVs(H) effectively attenuated H/R-induced damage in HDMECs through autophagy activation and the-inhibition of apoptosis and oxidative stress. This study confirmed that ADSC-EVs(H) could effectively regulate the proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy expression of H/R-induced HDMECs in vitro, and therefore the transplantation of ADSC-EVs(H) may provide novel insights for the transplantation of free skin flaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.M. Yinhua Zhao
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - M.M. Yanyu Shi
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China,Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Huang Lin
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China,Corresponding author.
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Adipose-derived stem cells exosome and its potential applications in autologous fat grafting. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2023; 76:219-229. [PMID: 36527904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been renewed interest in autologous fat grafting both for its filler and regenerative traits. The universal application, however, has been impeded by the unstable survival rates and complications. There has been substantial research undertaken on the role of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) involved in fat graft fates including angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and inflammatory regulation. As the effectors of their parental cells, ADSC-derived exosomes (ADSC-exos) encapsulating multiple bioactive cargoes mediate cell-to-cell communication in a paracrine manner. ADSC-exos have received much attention for their biocompatible and efficient therapeutic potentials as "cell-free therapy" in plastic surgery, including increasing fat grafting survival rates. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the biological basis of ADSC-exos, ADSC-related mechanisms of fat survival, research updates of ADSC-exos in autologous fat grafting, and discuss some challenges along with research prospects.
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Proteomics profile of mesenchymal stromal cells and extracellular vesicles in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:1211-1224. [PMID: 36192337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Although bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated success in pre-clinical studies, they have shown only mild therapeutic effects in clinical trials. Hypoxia pre-conditioning may optimize the performance of bone marrow-derived MSCs because it better reflects the physiological conditions of their origin. It is not known whether changes in the protein profile caused by hypoxia in MSCs can be extended to the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proteomics profile of MSCs and their EVs under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. METHODS Bone marrow-derived MSCs were isolated from six healthy male Wistar rats. After achieving 80% confluence, MSCs were subjected to normoxia (MSC-Norm) (21% oxygen, 5% carbon dioxide, 74% nitrogen) or hypoxia (MSC-Hyp) (1% oxygen, 5% carbon dioxide, 94% nitrogen) for 48 h. Cell viability and oxygen consumption rate were assessed. EVs were extracted from MSCs for each condition (EV-Norm and EV-Hyp) by ultracentrifugation. Total proteins were isolated from MSCs and EVs and prepared for mass spectrometry. EVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Proteomics data were analyzed by PatternLab 4.0, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins, Gene Ontology, MetaboAnalyst and Reactome software. RESULTS Cell viability was higher in MSC-Hyp than MSC-Norm (P = 0.007). Basal respiration (P = 0.001), proton leak (P = 0.004) and maximal respiration (P = 0.014) were lower in MSC-Hyp than MSC-Norm, and no changes in adenosine triphosphate-linked and residual respiration were observed. The authors detected 2177 proteins in MSC-Hyp and MSC-Norm, of which 147 were identified in only MSC-Hyp and 512 were identified in only MSC-Norm. Furthermore, 718 proteins were identified in EV-Hyp and EV-Norm, of which 293 were detected in only EV-Hyp and 30 were detected in only EV-Norm. Both MSC-Hyp and EV-Hyp showed enrichment of pathways and biological processes related to glycolysis, the immune system and extracellular matrix organization. CONCLUSIONS MSCs subjected to hypoxia showed changes in their survival and metabolic activity. In addition, MSCs under hypoxia released more EVs, and their content was related to expression of regulatory proteins of the immune system and extracellular matrix organization. Because of the upregulation of proteins involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and glucose uptake during hypoxia, production of reactive oxygen species and expression of immunosuppressive properties may be affected.
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Sanz-Ros J, Mas-Bargues C, Romero-García N, Huete-Acevedo J, Dromant M, Borrás C. Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314632. [PMID: 36498960 PMCID: PMC9735639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an alteration of intercellular communication. These changes in the extracellular environment contribute to the aging phenotype and have been linked to different aging-related diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are factors that mediate the transmission of signaling molecules between cells. In the aging field, these EVs have been shown to regulate important aging processes, such as oxidative stress or senescence, both in vivo and in vitro. EVs from healthy cells, particularly those coming from stem cells (SCs), have been described as potential effectors of the regenerative potential of SCs. Many studies with different animal models have shown promising results in the field of regenerative medicine. EVs are now viewed as a potential cell-free therapy for tissue damage and several diseases. Here we propose EVs as regulators of the aging process, with an important role in tissue regeneration and a raising therapy for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sanz-Ros
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nekane Romero-García
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Huete-Acevedo
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Dromant
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Alberti G, Russo E, Corrao S, Anzalone R, Kruzliak P, Miceli V, Conaldi PG, Di Gaudio F, La Rocca G. Current Perspectives on Adult Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Biological Features and Clinical Indications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2822. [PMID: 36359342 PMCID: PMC9687875 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) constitute one of the main mechanisms by which cells communicate with the surrounding tissue or at distance. Vesicle secretion is featured by most cell types, and adult mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of different tissue origins have shown the ability to produce them. In recent years, several reports disclosed the molecular composition and suggested clinical indications for EVs derived from adult MSCs. The parental cells were already known for their roles in different disease settings in regulating inflammation, immune modulation, or transdifferentiation to promote cell repopulation. Interestingly, most reports also suggested that part of the properties of parental cells were maintained by isolated EV populations. This review analyzes the recent development in the field of cell-free therapies, focusing on several adult tissues as a source of MSC-derived EVs and the available clinical data from in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Alberti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Corrao
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Anzalone
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Adipose stromal vascular fraction: a promising treatment for severe burn injury. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1323-1337. [PMID: 35906507 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Thermal skin burn injury affects both adults and children globally. Severe burn injury affects a patient's life psychologically, cosmetically, and socially. The pathophysiology of burn injury is well known. Due to the complexity of burn pathophysiology, the development of specific treatment aiding in tissue regeneration is required. Treatment of burn injury depends on burn severity, size of the burn and availability of donor site. Burn healing requires biochemical and cellular events to ensure better cell response to biochemical signals of the healing process. This led to the consideration of using cell therapy for severe burn injury. Adult mesenchymal stem cells have become a therapeutic option because of their ability for self-renewal and differentiation. Adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF), isolated from adipose tissues, is a heterogeneous cell population that contains adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ADSC), stromal, endothelial, hematopoietic and pericytic lineages. SVF isolation has advantages over other types of cells; such as heterogeneity of cells, lower invasive extraction procedure, high yield of cells, and fast and easy isolation. Therefore, SVF has many characteristics that enable them to be a therapeutic option for burn treatment. Studies have been conducted mostly in animal models to investigate their therapeutic potential for burn injury. They can be used alone or in combination with other treatment options. Treatment with both ADSCs and/or SVF enhances burn healing through increasing re-epithelization, angiogenesis and decreasing inflammation and scar formation. Research needs to be conducted for a better understanding of the SVF mechanism in burn healing and to optimize current techniques for enhanced treatment outcomes.
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Pulido-Escribano V, Torrecillas-Baena B, Camacho-Cardenosa M, Dorado G, Gálvez-Moreno MÁ, Casado-Díaz A. Role of hypoxia preconditioning in therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem-cell-derived extracellular vesicles. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:453-472. [PMID: 36157530 PMCID: PMC9350626 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i7.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem-cells (MSC) in cell therapy has received considerable attention because of their properties. These properties include high expansion and differentiation in vitro, low immunogenicity, and modulation of biological processes, such as inflammation, angiogenesis and hematopoiesis. Curiously, the regenerative effect of MSC is partly due to their paracrine activity. This has prompted numerous studies, to investigate the therapeutic potential of their secretome in general, and specifically their extracellular vesicles (EV). The latter contain proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other metabolites, which can cause physiological changes when released into recipient cells. Interestingly, contents of EV can be modulated by preconditioning MSC under different culture conditions. Among them, exposure to hypoxia stands out; these cells respond by activating hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) at low O2 concentrations. HIF has direct and indirect pleiotropic effects, modulating expression of hundreds of genes involved in processes such as inflammation, migration, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, metabolism, and cell apoptosis. Expression of these genes is reflected in the contents of secreted EV. Interestingly, numerous studies show that MSC-derived EV conditioned under hypoxia have a higher regenerative capacity than those obtained under normoxia. In this review, we show the implications of hypoxia responses in relation to tissue regeneration. In addition, hypoxia preconditioning of MSC is being evaluated as a very attractive strategy for isolation of EV, with a high potential for clinical use in regenerative medicine that can be applied to different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Pulido-Escribano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Bárbara Torrecillas-Baena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Marta Camacho-Cardenosa
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, CIBERFES, Córdoba 14071, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición-GC17, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
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Ahmed L, Al-Massri K. New Approaches for Enhancement of the Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:1129-1146. [PMID: 35867309 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a major health concern worldwide, where mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy gives great promise in their management through their regenerative and paracrine actions. In recent years, many studies have shifted from the use of transplanted stem cells to their secreted exosomes for the management of various CVDs and cardiovascular-related diseases including atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral arterial diseases, and pulmonary hypertension. In different models, MSC-derived exosomes have shown beneficial outcomes similar to cell therapy concerning regenerative and neovascular actions in addition to their anti-apoptotic, anti-remodeling, and anti-inflammatory actions. Compared with their parent cells, exosomes have also demonstrated several advantages, including lower immunogenicity and no risk of tumor formation. However, the maintenance of stability and efficacy of exosomes after in vivo transplantation is still a major concern in their clinical application. Recently, new approaches have been developed to enhance their efficacy and stability including their preconditioning before transplantation, use of genetically modified MSC-derived exosomes, or their utilization as a targeted drug delivery system. Herein, we summarized the use of MSC-derived exosomes as therapies in different CVDs in addition to recent advances for the enhancement of their efficacy in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Khaled Al-Massri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Palestine, Gaza, Palestine
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Abstract
While most tissues exhibit their greatest growth during development, adipose tissue is capable of additional massive expansion in adults. Adipose tissue expandability is advantageous when temporarily storing fuel for use during fasting, but becomes pathological upon continuous food intake, leading to obesity and its many comorbidities. The dense vasculature of adipose tissue provides necessary oxygen and nutrients, and supports delivery of fuel to and from adipocytes under fed or fasting conditions. Moreover, the vasculature of adipose tissue comprises a major niche for multipotent progenitor cells, which give rise to new adipocytes and are necessary for tissue repair. Given the multiple, pivotal roles of the adipose tissue vasculature, impairments in angiogenic capacity may underlie obesity-associated diseases such as diabetes and cardiometabolic disease. Exciting new studies on the single-cell and single-nuclei composition of adipose tissues in mouse and humans are providing new insights into mechanisms of adipose tissue angiogenesis. Moreover, new modes of intercellular communication involving micro vesicle and exosome transfer of proteins, nucleic acids and organelles are also being recognized to play key roles. This review focuses on new insights on the cellular and signaling mechanisms underlying adipose tissue angiogenesis, and on their impact on obesity and its pathophysiological consequences.
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Wiśniewska J, Słyszewska M, Kopcewicz M, Walendzik K, Machcińska S, Stałanowska K, Gawrońska-Kozak B. Comparative studies on the effect of pig adipose-derived stem cells (pASCs) preconditioned with hypoxia or normoxia on skin wound healing in mice. Exp Cell Res 2022; 418:113263. [PMID: 35718003 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) from human and animal fat have emerged as therapeutic alternatives for damaged tissues. Pre-conditioning of ASCs with hypoxia results in their functional enhancement, which might facilitate the process of healing. However, there is still a critical need for large-scale preclinical studies to reinforce the translation of these findings into clinical practice for humans and in veterinary medicine. Here, we adapted a full-thickness excisional skin wound mouse model to evaluate and compare the effect of pig adipose-derived stem cells (pASCs) cultured under normoxia (pASCs-Nor) or hypoxia (pASCs-Hyp) on the healing process. We show that pASCs-Hyp accelerated re-epithelialization, increased hyaluronic acid (HA) content, and decreased scar elevation index (SEI) during the late stage of healing (day 21). Transplantation of pASCs-Hyp also promoted expression of angiogenic marker VegfA and decreased levels of pro-scarring Tgfβ1. Mice tolerated xenotransplantation of the pASCs with no impact on macrophage (CD68 -positive cell) content. However, wounds treated with pASCs-Hyp exhibited decreased elasticity at the early stage of healing and increased expression of Wnt signaling members including Wnt10a, Wnt11, and β-catenin, which are associated with scar-forming wound repair. In conclusion, pASCs treatment may provide a critical step toward the evaluation of pASCs as therapeutically relevant cells in the context of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wiśniewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Magda Słyszewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marta Kopcewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Walendzik
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Machcińska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Karolina Stałanowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Barbara Gawrońska-Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Li C, Li X, Shi Z, Wu P, Fu J, Tang J, Qing L. Exosomes from LPS-preconditioned bone marrow MSCs accelerated peripheral nerve regeneration via M2 macrophage polarization: Involvement of TSG-6/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Exp Neurol 2022; 356:114139. [PMID: 35690131 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possessed strong immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions by secreting exosomes as major paracrine effectors. However, the specific effect of exosomes from LPS pre-MSCs (LPS pre-Exos) on peripheral nerve regeneration has yet to be documented. Here, we established a sciatic nerve injury model in rats and an inflammatory model in RAW264.7 cells to explore the potential mechanism between LPS pre-Exos and peripheral nerve repair. The local injection of LPS pre-Exos into the nerve injury site resulted in an accelerated functional recovery, axon regeneration and remyelination, and an enhanced M2 Macrophage polarization. Consistent with the data in vivo, LPS pre-Exos were able to shift the pro-inflammation macrophage into a pro-regeneration macrophage. Notably, TNF stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) was found to be highly enriched in LPS pre-Exos. We obtained si TSG-6 Exo by the knockdown of TSG-6 in LPS pre-Exos to demonstrate the role of TSG-6 in macrophage polarization, and found that TSG-6 served as a critical mediator in LPS pre-Exos-induced regulatory effects through the inhibition of NF-ΚΒ and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3). In conclusion, our findings suggested that LPS pre-Exos promoted macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype by shuttling TSG-6 to inactivate the NF-ΚΒ/NLRP3 signaling axis, and could provide a potential therapeutic avenue for peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Pathology, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China; Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Panfeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfei Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juyu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liming Qing
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Chen J, Liu R, Huang T, Sun H, Jiang H. Adipose stem cells-released extracellular vesicles as a next-generation cargo delivery vehicles: a survey of minimal information implementation, mass production and functional modification. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:182. [PMID: 35505389 PMCID: PMC9062865 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate current situation of minimal information implementation highlighted by minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018) guidelines, and explore technological advances towards mass production and functional modification in aesthetic, plastic and reconstructive surgery. METHODS Original articles on extracellular vesicles (EVs) of adipose stem cells (ASCs) were identified. Statistics upon minimal information for EVs research, such as species, cell types, culture conditions, conditioned media harvesting parameters, EVs isolation/storage/identification/quantification, functional uptake and working concentration, were analyzed. RESULTS The items of cell culture conditions such as passage number, seeding density, conditioned media harvesting time, functional uptake and working concentration were poorly documented, with a reporting percentage of 47.13%, 54.02%, 29.89%, 62.07% and 36.21%, respectively. However, there were some studies not reporting information of ASCs origin, culture medium, serum, EVs isolation methods, quantification and identification of EVs, accounting for 3.45%, 10.34%, 6.90%, 3.45%, 18.39% and 4.02%, respectively. Serum deprivation and trophic factors stimuli were attempted for EVs mass production. Several technological advances towards functional modification included hypoxia pre-condition, engineering EVs and controlled release. Presently, ASCs EVs have been applied in multiple fields, including diabetic/non-diabetic wound healing, angiogenesis, inflammation modulation, fat grafting, hair regeneration, antiaging, and healing and regeneration of cartilage/bone/peripheral nerve/tendon. CONCLUSION Our results highlight normative reporting of ASCs EVs in functional studies to increase reliability and reproducibility of scientific publications. The advances towards mass production and functional modification of ASCs EVs are also recommended to enhance therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Chen
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiquan Liu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Huang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengyun Sun
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyue Jiang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China.
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37
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Wu L, Wang X, Zhang Y, Hou Z, Zheng L, Gu Z. Exosome Secreted from Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) of Osteoporosis Inhibits the Osteogenic Differentiation. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study analyze the effect of exosome secreted from MSCs on osteogenic differentiation in OP rats. The exosome was obtained from cultivated MSCs isolated from OP rats with ultracentrifugation. OP rats were treated with exosome secreted from MSCs of normal rats, exosome secreted from
MSCs of OP rats and exosome secreted from MSCs of OP rats with overexpression of ALP followed by analysis of the osteogenic differentiation, the expression of ALP, Bglap and Runx2 and the targeted correlation between miR-351 and ALP. The MSCs in normal rats and OP rats were able to adhere
to wall. There was elongated. The level of miR-351 in OP rats was significantly higher than normal rats. The Runx2 expression and ALP activity in rats treated with exosome secreted from MSCs of OP rats was declined significantly compared to that from MSCs of normal rats. ALP was a target gene
of miR-351. In conclusion, the exosome secreted from MSCs of OP rats inhibits the osteogenic differentiation possibly through restraining miR-351-ALP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics 3, The 903 Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310005, China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics 3, The 903 Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310005, China
| | - Yuehong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics 3, The 903 Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310005, China
| | - Zhenhai Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics 3, The 903 Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310005, China
| | - Longbao Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics 3, The 903 Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310005, China
| | - Zenghui Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics 3, The 903 Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310005, China
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Jiang H, Zhao H, Zhang M, He Y, Li X, Xu Y, Liu X. Hypoxia Induced Changes of Exosome Cargo and Subsequent Biological Effects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:824188. [PMID: 35444652 PMCID: PMC9013908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.824188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that are secreted by almost all types of cells and exist in almost all extracellular spaces. As an important mediator of intercellular communication, exosomes encapsulate the miRNA, lncRNA, cirRNA, mRNA, cytokine, enzyme, lipid, and other components from the cytoplasm into its closed single membrane structure and transfer them to recipient units in an autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manner. Hypoxia is a state of low oxygen tension and is involved in many pathological processes. Hypoxia influences the size, quantity, and expression of exosome cargos. Exosomes derived from hypoxic tumor cells transfer genetics, proteins, and lipids to the recipient units to exert pleiotropic effects. Different donor cells produce different cargo contents, target different recipient units and lead to different biological effects. Hypoxic exosomes derived from tumor cells uptaken by normoxic tumor cells lead to promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion; uptaken by extracellular space or liver lead to promoted metastasis; uptaken by endothelial cells lead to promoted angiogenesis; uptaken by immune cells lead to promoted macrophage polarization and changed tumor immune microenvironment. In addition to various types of tumors, hypoxic exosomes also participate in the development of diseases in the cardiovascular system, neuron system, respiratory system, hematology system, endocrine system, urinary system, reproduction system, and skeletomuscular system. Understanding the special characteristics of hypoxic exosomes provide new insight into elaborating the pathogenesis of hypoxia related disease. This review summarizes hypoxia induced cargo changes and the biological effects of hypoxic exosomes in tumors and non-malignant diseases in different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanqiu Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanzhou He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, National Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
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Huang T, Jia Z, Fang L, Cheng Z, Qian J, Xiong F, Tian F, He X. Extracellular vesicle-derived miR-511-3p from hypoxia preconditioned adipose mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates spinal cord injury through the TRAF6/S1P axis. Brain Res Bull 2022; 180:73-85. [PMID: 34974133 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) from hypoxic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) play critical roles in spinal cord injury (SCI) by transferring miRNAs to target cells through fusion with the cell membrane. However, the role of miR-511-3p within the AD-MSCs -derived EV in SCI is largely unknown. Western blotting results demonstrated the secretion of EVs derived from AD-MSCs under hypoxia (Hyp-EVs) was more than those under normoxia (Nor-EVs), and miR-511-3p expression was more enriched in Hyp-EVs. PC12 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce cell damage. AD-MSCs were transfected with miR-511-3p mimic or miR-511-3p inhibitor to induce EVs-miR-511-3p overexpression or silencing. Cells treated with Hyp-EVs-miR-511-3p mimic reduced LPS-induced apoptosis, alleviated inflammation and promoted proliferation, while cells treated with Hyp-EVs-miR-511-3p inhibitor aggravated LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation, and suppressed proliferation. Luciferase reporter gene assay revealed tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) was a target downstream gene of miR-511-3p. A series of gain- and loss-of-function experiments verified that TRAF6 could antagonize the effects of Hyp-EVs-miR-511-3p on inflammation, cell apoptosis and viability. Furthermore, cells treated with CYM5541, an agonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3), reversed the inhibitory effect of Hyp-EVs-miR-511-3p mimic on S1PR3 expression, inflammation and cell apoptosis. Finally, intravenously injection of Hyp-EVs-miR-511-3p mimic into SCI model rats obviously reduced inflammation and promoted neurological function recovery. In conclusion, EVs-derived miR-511-3p from hypoxia preconditioned AD-MSCs ameliorates SCI via TRAF6/S1P/NF-κB pathway, which indicates that miR-511-3p may be a potential therapeutic target for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Liping Fang
- Pulmonary Hospital Department, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhijian Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jixian Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Fujun Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an 710100, PR China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an 710100, PR China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an 710100, PR China.
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Alagesan S, Brady J, Byrnes D, Fandiño J, Masterson C, McCarthy S, Laffey J, O’Toole D. Enhancement strategies for mesenchymal stem cells and related therapies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:75. [PMID: 35189962 PMCID: PMC8860135 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy, particularly mesenchymal stem/stromal (MSC) therapy, has been investigated for a wide variety of disease indications, particularly those with inflammatory pathologies. However, recently it has become evident that the MSC is far from a panacea. In this review we will look at current and future strategies that might overcome limitations in efficacy. Many of these take their inspiration from stem cell niche and the mechanism of MSC action in response to the injury microenvironment, or from previous gene therapy work which can now benefit from the added longevity and targeting ability of a live cell vector. We will also explore the nascent field of extracellular vesicle therapy and how we are already seeing enhancement protocols for this exciting new drug. These enhanced MSCs will lead the way in more difficult to treat diseases and restore potency where donors or manufacturing practicalities lead to diminished MSC effect.
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41
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Li QC, Li C, Zhang W, Pi W, Han N. Potential Effects of Exosomes and Their MicroRNA Carrier on Osteoporosis. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:899-909. [PMID: 35088659 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220128104206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a typical localized or systemic skeletal disease in the clinic, mainly characterized by the weakness of bone formation and the increase of bone resorption, resulting in the decrease of bone mineral density (BMD), and frequently occurs in postmenopausal women. With the growth of the aging population, the risk of osteoporosis or even osteoporotic fracture brings great economic pressure on society and families. Although anti-osteoporosis drugs have been developed, there are still some side effects in the treatment group. Hence, that is a compelling need for more reasonable therapeutic strategies. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by virtually all types of cells in vivo, which play an important role in intercellular communication. Compared with conventional drugs and stem cells transplantation therapy, exosomes have apparent advantages of lower toxicity and immunogenicity. Exosomes contain many functional molecules, such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), which can be transferred into recipient cells to regulate a series of signaling pathways and influence physiological and pathological behavior. In this review, we briefly summarize the current knowledge of exosomes and the therapeutic potential of exosomal miRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and macrophages in osteoporosis. Finally, a prospect of new treatment strategies for osteoporosis using new biomaterial scaffolds combined with exosomes is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Cheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ci Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Pi
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Han
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Bi X, Li Y, Dong Z, Zhao J, Wu W, Zou J, Guo L, Lu F, Gao J. Recent Developments in Extracellular Matrix Remodeling for Fat Grafting. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:767362. [PMID: 34977018 PMCID: PMC8716396 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.767362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structural and biochemical support for surrounding cells, is vital for adipose tissue regeneration after autologous fat grafting. Rapid and high-quality ECM remodeling can improve the retention rate after fat grafting by promoting neovascularization, regulating stem cells differentiation, and suppressing chronic inflammation. The degradation and deposition of ECM are regulated by various factors, including hypoxia, blood supply, inflammation, and stem cells. By contrast, ECM remodeling alters these regulatory factors, resulting in a dynamic relationship between them. Although researchers have attempted to identify the cellular sources of factors associated with tissue regeneration and regulation of the microenvironment, the factors and mechanisms that affect adipose tissue ECM remodeling remain incompletely understood. This review describes the process of adipose ECM remodeling after grafting and summarizes the factors that affect ECM reconstruction. Also, this review provides an overview of the clinical methods to avoid poor ECM remodeling. These findings may provide new ideas for improving the retention of adipose tissue after fat transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Esquivel-Ruiz S, González-Rodríguez P, Lorente JA, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Herrero R, Moreno L. Extracellular Vesicles and Alveolar Epithelial-Capillary Barrier Disruption in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathophysiological Role and Therapeutic Potential. Front Physiol 2021; 12:752287. [PMID: 34887773 PMCID: PMC8650589 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication by transferring genetic material, proteins and organelles between different cells types in both health and disease. Recent evidence suggests that these vesicles, more than simply diagnostic markers, are key mediators of the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other lung diseases. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of EVs released by pulmonary structural cells (alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells) and immune cells in these diseases, with particular attention to their ability to modulate inflammation and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption, a hallmark of ARDS. EVs also offer a unique opportunity to develop new therapeutics for the treatment of ARDS. Evidences supporting the ability of stem cell-derived EVs to attenuate the lung injury and ongoing strategies to improve their therapeutic potential are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma González-Rodríguez
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Lorente
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,Clinical Section, School of Medicine, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Herrero
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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44
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Li G, Chen Y, Han Y, Ma T, Han Y. Human antigen R promotes angiogenesis of endothelial cells cultured with adipose stem cells derived exosomes via overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro. Adipocyte 2021; 10:475-482. [PMID: 34635021 PMCID: PMC8510607 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1982577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that exosomes obtained from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) could improve the angiogenesis of fat grafts via overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Human antigen R (HuR) promotes the expression of VEGF in many cancers, but the effect of HuR in normal endothelial cells in the presence of ADSC-derived exosomes remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of HuR on the expression of VEGF and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured with ADSCs-derived exosomes. The HuR-overexpressed HUVECs (HuR-HUVECs) were cocultured with ADSCs-derived exosomes. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to examine the stability and expression of VEGF-A mRNA and protein. The proliferation, migration, and proangiogenic capacity of HuR-HUVECs were evaluated using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), scratch wound healing, and Matrigel tube formation assay. qRT-PCR showed that HuR-HUVECs had higher expression and slower attenuation of VEGF-A mRNA. Western blotting confirmed higher expression of VEGF-A in HuR-HUVECs. CCK-8, scratch wound healing, and Matrigel tube formation assay demonstrated an increased proangiogenic effect in HuR-HUVECs. HuR promotes angiogenesis of HUVECs cocultured with ADSCs-derived exosomes via stabilization and overexpression of VEGF in vitro. The HuR/VEGF pathway is an important regulatory mechanism of angiogenesis in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate school, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Youbai Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yudi Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are specific subcellular vesicles released by cells under various environmental conditions. Tumescent liposuction is a commonly used procedure in plastic surgery practice. In the present study, we aimed to extract EVs derived from lipoaspirate fluid (LF-EVs) and characterize them using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blotting. The global profiles of proteins and microRNAs from LF-EVs were identified, strongly suggesting a potential regulatory function of LF-EVs. In addition, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of LF-EVs on fat graft survival. Cell functional tests showed that LF-EVs promoted the proliferation, migration, and tube structure formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. LF-EVs also promoted the adipogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells. The results of animal experiments showed that the average weights of fat grafts in the LF-EVs-treated group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Histologically, there was less fibrosis, fewer cysts, and increased fat tissue survival in the LF-EVs group. Further investigations of angiogenic and adipogenic factors revealed that LF-EVs also promoted angiogenesis and exerted a pro-adipogenic effect in vivo. Our findings will help to elucidate the functions of LF-EVs and provide a reference dataset for future translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Nie
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pengbing Ding
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhenmin Zhao
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongsen Bi
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing, P.R. China
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46
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Wang L, Cheng W, Zhu J, Li W, Li D, Yang X, Zhao W, Ren M, Ren J, Mo X, Fu Q, Zhang K. Electrospun nanoyarn and exosomes of adipose-derived stem cells for urethral regeneration: Evaluations in vitro and in vivo. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112218. [PMID: 34801930 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of urethral defects has been difficult in the clinic. To address it, the collagen/ poly (L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (P(LLA-CL)) nanoyarn scaffold delivering adipose-derived stem cells' exosomes (ADSC-exos) was fabricated. The multipotential differentiation potential of ADSCs were confirmed by Adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay shows that 50% concentration of ADSC-exos nanoyarn scaffold dramatically enhanced the cell viability of fibroblasts. The ADSC-exos nanoyarn scaffold for human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) and human urethral scar fibroblasts (HSFs) shows good biocompatibility: theproduction of inflammatory factors IL-6 and Col 1A1 was less, indicating that ADSC-exos had the minimal inflammatory effect of cells. Besides, the cells on the ADSC-exos nanoyarn scaffold did not appear to contribute to DNA damage in the same way as the normal cell's growth did. The HFFs seeding on the ADSC-exos nanoyarn scaffold shows a typical morphology of extending outwards. Urethral repair with ADSC-exos nanoyarn scaffold did not lead to either a sign of urethral stricture or scar formation after 4 weeks post-surgery. The deposition of collagen was less and the epithelial cells formed multiple layer epithelium. The treatment of ADSC-exos stimulated epithelization and vascularization. And the transition from an inflammatory state to a regenerative state was promoted. The ADSC-exos-treated group did not promote the over-proliferation of fibroblasts and the expression of Collagen I. Therefore, the ADSC-exos nanoyarn scaffold has evident, positive effects on wound healing and tissue fibrosis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers & Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wenyao Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Danyang Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Novaprint Therapeutics Suzhou Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Weixin Zhao
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mingjun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jieji Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiumei Mo
- State Key Lab for Modification of Chemical Fibers & Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- The Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Kaile Zhang
- The Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Ghiasloo M, De Wilde L, Singh K, Tonnard P, Verpaele A, De Wever O, Blondeel P. A Systematic Review on Extracellular Vesicles-Enriched Fat Grafting: A Shifting Paradigm. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:NP1695-NP1705. [PMID: 33319908 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjaa362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence confirms that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) facilitate angiogenesis mainly through paracrine function. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are regarded as key components of the cell secretome, possessing functional properties of their source cells. Subsequently, MSC-EVs have emerged as a novel cell-free approach to improve fat graft retention rate. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to provide a systematic review of all studies reporting the utilization of MSC-EVs to improve graft retention rate. METHODS A systematic search was undertaken employing the Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Outcome measures included donor/receptor organism of the fat graft, study model, intervention groups, evaluation intervals, EV research data, and in vitro and in vivo results. RESULTS Of the total 1717 articles, 62 full texts were screened. Seven studies reporting on 294 mice were included. Overall, EV-treated groups showed higher graft retention rates compared with untreated groups. Notably, retention rate was similar following EV and MSC treatment. In addition to reduced inflammation, graft enrichment with EVs resulted in early revascularization and better graft integrity. Interestingly, hypoxic preconditioning of MSCs improved their beneficial paracrine effects and led to a more proangiogenic EV population, as observed by both in vitro and in vivo results. CONCLUSIONS MSC-EVs appear to offer an interesting cell-free alternative to improve fat graft survival. Although their clinical relevance remains to be determined, it is clear that not the cells but rather their secretome is essential for graft survival. Thus, a paradigm shift from cell-assisted lipotransfer towards "secretome-assisted lipotransfer" is well on its way. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghiasloo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent,Belgium
| | | | - Kashika Singh
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Evangelical Hospital Bethel, Bielefeld,Germany
| | | | | | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Phillip Blondeel
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent,Belgium
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48
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Rigotti G, Chirumbolo S. Commentary on: A Systematic Review on Extracellular Vesicles-Enriched Fat Grafting: A Shifting Paradigm. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:NP1706-NP1709. [PMID: 33561185 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjaa356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gino Rigotti
- San Francesco Hospital, Via Monte Ortigara, Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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49
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Angiogenic Effects and Crosstalk of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles with Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910890. [PMID: 34639228 PMCID: PMC8509224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASCs) are an adult stem cell population able to self-renew and differentiate into numerous cell lineages. ASCs provide a promising future for therapeutic angiogenesis due to their ability to promote blood vessel formation. Specifically, their ability to differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) and pericyte-like cells and to secrete angiogenesis-promoting growth factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs) makes them an ideal option in cell therapy and in regenerative medicine in conditions including tissue ischemia. In recent angiogenesis research, ASCs have often been co-cultured with an endothelial cell (EC) type in order to form mature vessel-like networks in specific culture conditions. In this review, we introduce co-culture systems and co-transplantation studies between ASCs and ECs. In co-cultures, the cells communicate via direct cell-cell contact or via paracrine signaling. Most often, ASCs are found in the perivascular niche lining the vessels, where they stabilize the vascular structures and express common pericyte surface proteins. In co-cultures, ASCs modulate endothelial cells and induce angiogenesis by promoting tube formation, partly via secretion of EVs. In vivo co-transplantation of ASCs and ECs showed improved formation of functional vessels over a single cell type transplantation. Adipose tissue as a cell source for both mesenchymal stem cells and ECs for co-transplantation serves as a prominent option for therapeutic angiogenesis and blood perfusion in vivo.
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50
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Ding C, Zhou C, Fan Y, Liu Q, Zhang H, Wu Z. Electrospun polylactic acid/sulfadiazine sodium/proteinase nanofibers and their applications in treating frostbite. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengbiao Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Chenxu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui China
| | - Yueyao Fan
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Zhengwei Wu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
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