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Melén CM, Merrien M, Wasik AM, Sander B, Wahlin BE, Panagiotis G, Beck O. Δ 9-THC and CBD in Plasma, Oral Fluid, Exhaled Breath, and Urine from 23 Patients Administered Sativex. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:e839-e846. [PMID: 37083482 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Detecting the presence of Δ9-THC and CBD is mainly done through venous blood sampling, but other methods are becoming available. Oromucosal administration of Δ9-THC and CBD is less studied than inhalation, but this mode of administration is growing. In this study, we analyze samples obtained through invasive and noninvasive methods in a cohort of patients given oromucosally administered Δ9-THC and CBD to gain understanding in the strengths and weaknesses of the various detection methods. Materials and Methods: Blood, oral fluid (OF), exhaled breath, and urine were collected at several time points from 23 cannabis-naive patients after receiving a single dose of Sativex®; dose ranges: Δ9-THC, 2.7-18.9 mg; CBD 2.5-17.5 mg. Detection of Δ9-THC and CBD was done using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. Results: Δ9-THC and CBD were present in plasma, OF, and exhaled breath in all 23 patients. The detection time of Δ9-THC and CBD in OF and exhaled breath was longer than in blood. Urine analysis detected the Δ9-THC carboxy metabolite (THC-COOH) up to 7 days after administration, also in a patient who received 8.1/7.5 mg Δ9-THC/CBD. Conclusion: Time to detection of cannabinoids in blood samples was shorter than in exhaled breath and OF. Relative ease of sample collection combined with high sensitivity makes OF and exhaled breath specimens a valuable addition when samples are handled correctly. Δ9-THC metabolites were detected for an unexpected long period of time in urine. EudraCT Number: 2014-005553-39. Date of registration, December 29, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Melén
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magali Merrien
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agata M Wasik
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Sander
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Engelbrekt Wahlin
- Unit of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios Panagiotis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Beck
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yan C, Li Y, Liu H, Chen D, Wu J. Antitumor mechanism of cannabidiol hidden behind cancer hallmarks. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188905. [PMID: 37164234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoids have been utilized for recreational and therapeutic purposes for over 4,000 years. As the primary ingredient in exogenous cannabinoids, Cannabidiol (CBD) has drawn a lot of interest from researchers due to its negligible psychotropic side effects and potential tumor-suppressing properties. However, the obscure mechanisms that underlie them remain a mystery. Complex biological mechanisms are involved in the progression of cancer, and malignancies have a variety of acquired biological capabilities, including sustained proliferation, death evasion, neovascularization, tissue invasion and metastasis, immune escape, metabolic reprogramming, induction of tumor-associated inflammation, cancerous stemness and genomic instability. Nowadays, the role of CBD hidden in these hallmarks is gradually revealed. Nevertheless, flaws or inconsistencies in the recent studies addressing the anti-cancer effects of CBD still exist. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the potential mechanisms underlying the role of CBD in a range of tumor-acquired biological capabilities. We propose potential drugs that may have a synergistic effect with CBD and provide optional directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobiao Yan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Hanqing Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Diyu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Maggi F, Morelli MB, Tomassoni D, Marinelli O, Aguzzi C, Zeppa L, Nabissi M, Santoni G, Amantini C. The effects of cannabidiol via TRPV2 channel in chronic myeloid leukemia cells and its combination with imatinib. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:1235-1249. [PMID: 34971020 PMCID: PMC8990867 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by accumulation of immature cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood. Although successful results were obtained with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, several patients showed resistance. For this reason, the identification of new strategies and therapeutic biomarkers represents an attractive goal. The role of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels as possible drug targets has been elucidated in different types of cancer. Among natural compounds known to activate TRPs, cannabidiol (CBD) displays anticancer properties. By using FACS analysis, confocal microscopy, gene silencing, and cell growth assay, we demonstrated that CBD, through TRPV2, inhibits cell proliferation and cell cycle in CML cells. It promoted mitochondria dysfunction and mitophagy as shown by mitochondrial mass reduction and up‐regulation of several mitophagy markers. These effects were associated with changes in the expression of octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 and PU.1 markers regulated during cellular differentiation. Interestingly, a synergistic effect by combining CBD with the standard drug imatinib was found and imatinib‐resistant cells remain susceptible to CBD effects. Therefore, the targeting of TRPV2 by using CBD, through the activation of mitophagy and the reduction in stemness, could be a promising strategy to enhance conventional therapy and improve the prognosis of CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Maggi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Cristina Aguzzi
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Zeppa
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Irrera N, Bitto A, Sant’Antonio E, Lauro R, Musolino C, Allegra A. Pros and Cons of the Cannabinoid System in Cancer: Focus on Hematological Malignancies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133866. [PMID: 34202812 PMCID: PMC8270322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a composite cell-signaling system that allows endogenous cannabinoid ligands to control cell functions through the interaction with cannabinoid receptors. Modifications of the ECS might contribute to the pathogenesis of different diseases, including cancers. However, the use of these compounds as antitumor agents remains debatable. Pre-clinical experimental studies have shown that cannabinoids (CBs) might be effective for the treatment of hematological malignancies, such as leukemia and lymphoma. Specifically, CBs may activate programmed cell death mechanisms, thus blocking cancer cell growth, and may modulate both autophagy and angiogenesis. Therefore, CBs may have significant anti-tumor effects in hematologic diseases and may synergistically act with chemotherapeutic agents, possibly also reducing chemoresistance. Moreover, targeting ECS might be considered as a novel approach for the management of graft versus host disease, thus reducing some symptoms such as anorexia, cachexia, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and neuropathic pain. The aim of the present review is to collect the state of the art of CBs effects on hematological tumors, thus focusing on the essential topics that might be useful before moving into the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (A.B.); (R.L.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (A.B.); (R.L.)
| | | | - Rita Lauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (A.B.); (R.L.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390902212364
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Seltzer ES, Watters AK, MacKenzie D, Granat LM, Zhang D. Cannabidiol (CBD) as a Promising Anti-Cancer Drug. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3203. [PMID: 33143283 PMCID: PMC7693730 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), have been the subject of intensive research and heavy scrutiny. Cannabinoids encompass a wide array of organic molecules, including those that are physiologically produced in humans, synthesized in laboratories, and extracted primarily from the Cannabis sativa plant. These organic molecules share similarities in their chemical structures as well as in their protein binding profiles. However, pronounced differences do exist in their mechanisms of action and clinical applications, which will be briefly compared and contrasted in this review. The mechanism of action of CBD and its potential applications in cancer therapy will be the major focus of this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Seltzer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (E.S.S.); (A.K.W.); (D.M.J.)
| | - Andrea K. Watters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (E.S.S.); (A.K.W.); (D.M.J.)
| | - Danny MacKenzie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (E.S.S.); (A.K.W.); (D.M.J.)
| | - Lauren M. Granat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (E.S.S.); (A.K.W.); (D.M.J.)
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