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Zhang K, Lu Z, Guo X. Advances in epidemiological status and pathogenesis of dental fluorosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1168215. [PMID: 37215086 PMCID: PMC10196443 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1168215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoride is commonly consider as a "double-edged sword" because low consumption of fluoride can effectively prevent dental caries, but excessive consumption of fluoride can cause fluorosis. Dental fluorosis (DF) is a characteristic feature of fluorosis in the oral cavity that is manifested as tooth color changes and evident enamel defect. Presently, the pathogenesis of DF remains unclear. Herein, we have summarized the research progress in the pathogenesis and mechanism of DF in the past 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhenfu Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoying Guo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Transcriptomic Network Regulation of Rat Tooth Germ from Bell Differentiation Stage to Secretory Stage: MAPK Signaling Pathway Is Crucial to Extracellular Matrix Remodeling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:4038278. [PMID: 36820224 PMCID: PMC9938770 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4038278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Hard tissues make up the vast majority of teeth and are mineralized from the surrounding matrix. If the development of tooth germ is affected during mineralization, hypoplasia of the tooth tissue can occur. To better understand the mechanisms mediating hypoplasia, we need to first study normal development. Using a rodent model, we highlight the transcriptomic changes that occur from the differentiation to secretion stages of mandibular molar germs. The tooth germ was dissected from rats at postnatal day 1.5 or 3.5 for high-throughput sequencing. Combining transcriptome analysis and DNA methylation, we identified 590 differentially expressed genes (436 upregulated and 154 downregulated) and 551 differentially expressed lncRNAs (long noncoding RNA; 369 upregulated and 182 downregulated) which were linked to the biological processes of odontogenesis, amelogenesis, tooth mineralization, and the alteration of extracellular matrix (ECM), especially matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and elastin. We found DNA methylation changes in 32 selected fragments involved in 5 chromosomes, 26 targets, and 2 haplotypes. Finally, three novel genes were identified: MMP20, Tgfb3, and Dusp1. Further analysis revealed that MMP20 has a role in odontogenesis and amelogenesis by influencing Slc24a4 and DSPP; Tgfb3 is involved in epithelial cell proliferation, cellular component disassembly process, ECM cellular component, and decomposition of cell components. But lncRNA expression could affect DNA methylation and mRNA expression. Moreover, the degree of DNA methylation could also affect the transcriptome level. Thus, Tgfb3 had no difference in DNA methylation, and Dusp1 conferred no difference at the transcriptome level. These three genes were all enriched in the MAPK pathway and played an important role in ECM remodeling. These data suggest that during the period of the bell differentiation stage to the secretory stage, along with enamel/dentin matrix secretion and hard tissue occurrence, the ECM is remodeled via MAPK signaling.
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Zhou H, Lou F, Bai J, Sun Y, Cai W, Sun L, Xu Z, Liu Z, Zhang L, Yin Q, Zhang J, Gao Y, Wang Z, Niu L, Cai X, Deng S, Wang H, Xia L, Ginhoux F, Li Q, Wang H. A peptide encoded by pri-miRNA-31 represses autoimmunity by promoting T reg differentiation. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53475. [PMID: 35343645 PMCID: PMC9066071 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has revealed that small polypeptides (containing fewer than 100 amino acids) can be translated from noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are usually defined as RNA molecules that do not encode proteins. However, studies on functional products translated from primary transcripts of microRNA (pri-miRNA) are quite limited. Here, we describe a peptide termed miPEP31 that is encoded by pri-miRNA-31. miPEP31 is highly expressed in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs ) and significantly promotes the differentiation of Tregs without affecting their inhibitory ability. Our results show that miPEP31 is a cell-penetrating peptide both in vitro and in vivo. miPEP31 downregulates miR-31 expression, enhances peripheral Treg induction, and dramatically suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mechanistically, we show that miPEP31 acts as a transcriptional repressor inhibiting the expression of miRNA-31, a negative regulator of Tregs . Our results reveal an indispensable role of miPEP31 in maintaining immune homeostasis by promoting Treg differentiation and also present a potential therapeutic peptide for modulating miRNA expression and treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhou Lou
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Libo Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyao Xu
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxun Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikai Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liman Niu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Cai
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Deng
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xia
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Qun Li
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Wang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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