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Wächter K, Longin CFH, Winterhalter PR, Bertsche U, Szabó G, Simm A. The Antioxidant Potential of Various Wheat Crusts Correlates with AGE Content Independently of Acrylamide. Foods 2023; 12:4399. [PMID: 38137203 PMCID: PMC10743060 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated that the consumption of whole-grain products is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, and cancer. In the case of bread, high amounts of antioxidants and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed during baking by the Maillard reaction in the bread crust; however, the formation of potentially harmful compounds such as acrylamide also occurs. This study investigated the antioxidant responses of different soluble extracts from whole-grain wheat bread crust extracts (WBCEs) in the context of the asparagine, AGE, and acrylamide content. For that, we analyzed nine bread wheat cultivars grown at three different locations in Germany (Hohenheim, Eckartsweier, and Oberer Lindenhof). We determined the asparagine content in the flour of the 27 wheat cultivars and the acrylamide content in the crust, and measured the antioxidant potential using the induced expression of the antioxidant genes GCLM and HMOX1 in HeLa cells. Our study uncovered, for the first time, that the wheat crust's antioxidant potential correlates with the AGE content, but not with the acrylamide content. Mass spectrometric analyses of WBCEs for identifying AGE-modified proteins relevant to the antioxidant potential were unsuccessful. However, we did identify the wheat cultivars with a high antioxidant potential while forming less acrylamide, such as Glaucus and Lear. Our findings indicate that the security of BCEs with antioxidative and cardioprotective potential can be improved by choosing the right wheat variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Wächter
- Department for Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (P.R.W.); (G.S.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Patrick R. Winterhalter
- Department for Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (P.R.W.); (G.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ute Bertsche
- Core Facility Hohenheim, Mass Spectrometry Module, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department for Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (P.R.W.); (G.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Simm
- Department for Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (P.R.W.); (G.S.); (A.S.)
- Center for Medical Basic Research, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Kinoshita K, Kodera S, Hatsusaka N, Egawa R, Takizawa H, Kubo E, Sasaki H, Hirata A. Association of nuclear cataract prevalence with UV radiation and heat load in lens of older people -five city study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:123832-123842. [PMID: 37991619 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported that the frequency of nuclear cataracts (NUCs) is high among the elderly and in tropical countries. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and lens temperature are considered as key physical contributors, although their precise quantification is difficult. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of NUC prevalence with UV irradiation and heat load. First, we assessed the lens temperature using thermodynamic modeling considering the thermophysiological response. We then conducted a multivariate linear regression analysis for the epidemiological analysis of NUC prevalence across five cities. A strong correlation was observed between NUC prevalence and the combined effects of UV irradiation and cumulative equivalent minutes at 43 °C (CEM43°C) derived from the computed lens temperature (adjusted R2 = 0.933, p < 0.0001). Heat load significantly contributed to the prevalence at 52%, surpassing the contributions of UV irradiation (31%) and the decline in DNA repair capacity in the lens (17%). These results suggested that both UV radiation and heat load are associated with NUC, with heat load contributing more. Our findings provided important implications for future interventions, particularly in the context of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Kinoshita
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kodera
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan
- Center of Biomedical Physics and Information Technology, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Natsuko Hatsusaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Egawa
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akimasa Hirata
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan.
- Center of Biomedical Physics and Information Technology, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan.
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Paredes J, Wang Z, Patel P, Rose KL, Schey KL. Dehydroalanine and dehydrobutyrine in aging and cataractous lenses reveal site-specific consequences of spontaneous protein degradation. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 3:1241001. [PMID: 38983090 PMCID: PMC11182102 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1241001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been associated with aging and age-related diseases. PTMs are particularly impactful in long-lived proteins, such as those found in the ocular lens, because they accumulate with age. Two PTMs that lead to protein-protein crosslinks in aged and cataractous lenses are dehydroalanine (DHA) and dehydrobutyrine (DHB); formed from cysteine/serine and threonine residues, respectively. The purpose of this study was to quantitate DHA and DHB in human lens proteins as a function of age and cataract status. Methods Human lenses of various ages were divided into five donor groups: transparent lenses (18-22-year-old, 48-64-year-old, and 70-93-year-old) and cataractous human lenses of two age groups (48-64-year-old lenses, and 70-93-year-old lenses) and were subjected to proteomic analysis. Relative DHA and DHB peptide levels were quantified and compared to their non-modified peptide counterparts. Results For most lens proteins containing DHA or DHB, higher amounts of DHA- and DHB-modified peptides were detected in aged and cataractous lenses. DHA-containing peptides were classified into three groups based on abundance changes with age and cataract: those that (1) increased only in age-related nuclear cataract (ARNC), (2) increased in aged and cataractous lenses, and (3) decreased in aged lenses and ARNC. There was no indication that DHA or DHB levels were dependent on lens region. In most donor groups, proteins with DHA and DHB were more likely to be found among urea-insoluble proteins rather than among water- or urea-soluble proteins. Discussion DHA and DHB formation may induce structural effects that make proteins less soluble in water that leads to age-related protein insolubility and possibly aggregation and light scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Paredes
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Purvi Patel
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kristie L. Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kevin L. Schey
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Jiang Q, Wang S, Zhang H, Guo Y, Lou Y, Huang S, You Q, Cao S. The Association Between Solid Fuel Use and Visual Impairment Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e43914. [PMID: 37494091 PMCID: PMC10413239 DOI: 10.2196/43914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor air pollution has been reported to have adverse effects on the eye; however, the health effects of exposure to cooking with solid fuels on visual impairment remain unclear in China. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the association between cooking with solid fuels and visual impairment, including distance visual impairment (DVI) and near visual impairment (NVI). METHODS Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a nationwide survey of adults aged over 45 years who were enrolled in 2011 (Wave 1) and followed up in Wave 2 (2013), Wave 3 (2015), and Wave 4 (2018). We used Cox proportional hazards models to determine the association between solid fuels use and visual impairment. Additionally, the impact of switching cooking fuel types on vision function were examined through wave-specific data analysis (Wave 1 and Wave 4). Interaction and subgroup analyses were performed to explore the potential effect modifiers. Data were collected using the stratified multistage random sampling method and further analyzed using SPSS 27.0 and R 4.2.1 statistical software packages. RESULTS A total of 9559 middle-aged and older Chinese adults without visual impairment at baseline were included in the study, with 51.2% (n=4914) of the participants reporting that they cooked with solid fuels. During the follow-up period, 2644 (27.5%) and 3130 (32.6%) participants developed DVI and NVI, respectively. Compared with the clean fuel users, participants who cooked with solid fuels had a higher risk of DVI (hazards ratio [HR] 1.38, 95% CI 1.28-1.50) and NVI (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.10-1.27). In addition, switching the cooking fuel type from clean to solid fuels was associated with an elevated risk of DVI (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.15-1.98) and NVI (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.06-1.82) compared to persistently using clean fuels during the follow-up period, although no protective effect of switching from solid to clean fuels on NVI was found (P=.52). In subgroup analysis, we found that cooking with solid fuels increased the risk of DVI in participants younger than 65 years (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.28-1.55), men (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.28-1.65), urban residents (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.75), and smokers (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.25-1.64). By contrast, negative effects of cooking with solid fuels on NVI were found in nonsmokers (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11-1.33) and urban residents (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.10-1.37). CONCLUSIONS Cooking with solid fuels was associated with an increased risk of visual impairment among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. These findings indicate that promoting the utilization of clean fuels is conducive to reducing the burden of visual impairment for the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Jiang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiling Lou
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shen Huang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiqi You
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyi Cao
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Chen Y, Ye S, Wang Q, Shen M, Lu F, Qu J, Zhu D. In situ assessment of lens elasticity with noncontact optical coherence elastography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6671-6681. [PMID: 36589560 PMCID: PMC9774883 DOI: 10.1364/boe.475306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lens biomechanics has great potential for application in clinical diagnostics and treatment monitoring of presbyopia and cataracts. However, current approaches to lens elastography do not meet the desired safety or sensitivity for clinical application. In this regard, we propose a noncontact optical coherence elastography (OCE) method to facilitate quantitative in situ imaging of lens elasticity. Elastic waves induced by air-pulse stimulation on the limbus propagate to the lens and are then imaged using custom-built swept-source optical coherence tomography to obtain the elastic wave velocity and Young's modulus. The proposed OCE method was first validated by comparing the results of in situ and in vitro measurements of porcine lenses. The results demonstrate that the Young's modulus measured in situ was highly consistent with that measured in vitro and had an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.988. We further investigated the elastic changes induced by cold storage and microwave heating. During 36-hour cold storage, the mean Young's modulus gradually increased (from 5.62 ± 1.24 kPa to 11.40 ± 2.68 kPa, P < 0.0001, n = 9) along with the formation of nuclear opacities. 15-second microwave heating caused a greater increase in the mean Young's modulus (from 6.86 ± 1.21 kPa to 25.96 ± 8.64 kPa, P < 0.0025, n = 6) without apparent cataract formation. Accordingly, this study reports the first air-pulse OCE measurements of in situ lenses, which quantified the loss of lens elasticity during simulated cataract development with good repeatability and sensitivity, thus enhancing the potential for adoption of lens biomechanics in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuling Ye
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingying Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meixiao Shen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Lu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dexi Zhu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
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An AFM Approach Applied in a Study of α-Crystallin Membrane Association: New Insights into Lens Hardening and Presbyopia Development. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050522. [PMID: 35629848 PMCID: PMC9146655 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lens of the eye loses elasticity with age, while α-crystallin association with the lens membrane increases with age. It is unclear whether there is any correlation between α-crystallin association with the lens membrane and loss in lens elasticity. This research investigated α-crystallin membrane association using atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the first time to study topographical images and mechanical properties (breakthrough force and membrane area compressibility modulus (KA), as measures of elasticity) of the membrane. α-Crystallin extracted from the bovine lens cortex was incubated with a supported lipid membrane (SLM) prepared on a flat mica surface. The AFM images showed the time-dependent interaction of α-crystallin with the SLM. Force spectroscopy revealed the presence of breakthrough events in the force curves obtained in the membrane regions where no α-crystallin was associated, which suggests that the membrane’s elasticity was maintained. The force curves in the α-crystallin submerged region and the close vicinity of the α-crystallin associated region in the membrane showed no breakthrough event within the defined peak force threshold, indicating loss of membrane elasticity. Our results showed that the association of α-crystallin with the membrane deteriorates membrane elasticity, providing new insights into understanding the molecular basis of lens hardening and presbyopia.
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Lv X, Gao X, Hu K, Yao Y, Zeng Y, Chen H. Associations of Humidity and Temperature With Cataracts Among Older Adults in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:872030. [PMID: 35433602 PMCID: PMC9008244 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.872030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The burden of cataracts was substantial in the current aging world. However, few epidemiological studies have examined the associations between climate and weather conditions and cataract in older populations. We aimed to investigate the associations of air relative humidity and temperature with cataracts in older adults in China. Methods We used the cohort data from 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). A total of 62,595 Chinese older adults aged between 65 and 105 years were included in the analyses. City-level annual average air humidity and temperature during 2001 and 2017 (before the survey year) was used to measure population exposure. A cataract was self-reports based on the medical record or the doctor's diagnosis and 8,071 older adults had cataract. Covariates included socio-demographic, health status, lifestyles, and chronic conditions. We adopted the Generalized estimation equation (GEE) model to analyze the associations of relative humidity and temperature with cataracts. Results We found that the average relative humidity (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98–0.99) in the past year was inversely associated with cataract likelihoods in older adults and a positive association between temperature (OR: 1.04; 95%CI: 1.03,1.05) in the past year and cataract likelihoods in older adults. The associations were robust in stratified analyses by sex, urban/rural residence, and education level. Furthermore, we found a nonlinear J-shaped relationship between temperature and cataract prevalence. Conclusion Our findings provide the evidence that higher temperature and low relative humidity may be associated with cataracts in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Lv
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyang Gao
- The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Health Management Institute, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Xiangyang Gao
| | - Kejia Hu
- School of Public Health, Institute of Big Data in Health Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huashuai Chen
- Business School of Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
- *Correspondence: Huashuai Chen
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Improvement of Presbyopia Using a Mixture of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines, Including Cassiae Semen, Wolfberry, and Dendrobium huoshanense. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9902211. [PMID: 34354761 PMCID: PMC8331274 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9902211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Presbyopia is a primary cause of a decline in near vision. In this study, we developed a new mixed herbal medicine to retard presbyopic progression and increase the amplitude of accommodation (AA), which is beneficial for near vision. Methods A total of 400 participants between the ages of 45 and 70 years were recruited. We designed the mixed herbal drug to include Cassiae Semen (200 mg), wolfberry (200 mg), and Dendrobium huoshanense (DD) (40 mg) in one capsule. In experiment 1, the recruited subjects were directed to perform a push-up test to measure their AA; this was then converted to the additional diopters of reading glasses. In experiment 2, 240 subjects took three capsules daily for six months and then stopped medical therapy for a six-month follow-up. In experiment 3, 160 subjects were randomly categorized into four groups: a placebo group, low-dose group (LDG) (1 capsule daily), middle-dose group (MDG) (two capsules daily), and high-dose group (HDG) (three capsules daily). The 160 volunteers took different doses for six months and then stopped treatment, accompanied by another six-month follow-up. In experiments 2 and 3, the change in AA, uncorrected far visual acuity (UFVA), and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) were recorded each month for one year. Results In experiment 1, AA was found to decrease with age and a great deal of additional power was needed in older individuals. In experiment 2, the mean AA reached a maximum value of 2.1D (P < 0.05) after six months, while the UNVA improved by about two to three lines of a Jaeger chart in most of the subjects. At nine months, all the means decreased slightly to 2.0 D (P < 0.05). This meant that the mixed herbal medicine could still maintain AA for another three months because the herbal therapy was stopped at the seventh month. In experiment 3, the maximal AA was 2.8D, 2.9D, and 3.2D (P < 0.05) in the LDG, MDG, and HDG after six-month treatments, respectively. Experiment 3 showed that AA gain occurred in a dose-dependent manner; the higher the dose, the greater the AA value. Conclusion Only two studies on the use of herbal drugs for presbyopia have been reported in PubMed. In our study, we found that taking a mixed herbal drug caused an excellent gain in AA. This is the first study to report that the characteristics of the new herbal regimen could retard and even ameliorate presbyopia.
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Fan X, Monnier VM. Protein posttranslational modification (PTM) by glycation: Role in lens aging and age-related cataractogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108705. [PMID: 34297945 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Crystallins, the most prevalent lens proteins, have no turnover throughout the entire human lifespan. These long-lived proteins are susceptible to post-synthetic modifications, including oxidation and glycation, which are believed to be some of the primary mechanisms for age-related cataractogenesis. Thanks to high glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASA) levels as well as low oxygen content, the human lens is able to maintain its transparency for several decades. Aging accumulates substantial changes in the human lens, including a decreased glutathione concentration, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, impaired antioxidative defense capacity, and increased redox-active metal ions, which induce glucose and ascorbic acid degradation and protein glycation. The glycated lens crystallins are either prone to UVA mediated free radical production or they attract metal ion binding, which can trigger additional protein oxidation and modification. This vicious cycle is expected to be exacerbated with older age or diabetic conditions. ASA serves as an antioxidant in the human lens under reducing conditions to protect the human lens from damage, but ASA converts to the pro-oxidative role and causes lens protein damage by ascorbylation in high oxidation or enriched redox-active metal ion conditions. This review is dedicated in honor of Dr. Frank Giblin, a great friend and superb scientist, whose pioneering and relentless work over the past 45 years has provided critical insight into lens redox regulation and glutathione homeostasis during aging and cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Fan
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.
| | - Vincent M Monnier
- Department of Pathology, United States; Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Chan KH, Yan M, Bennett DA, Guo Y, Chen Y, Yang L, Lv J, Yu C, Pei P, Lu Y, Li L, Du H, Lam KBH, Chen Z. Long-term solid fuel use and risks of major eye diseases in China: A population-based cohort study of 486,532 adults. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003716. [PMID: 34324491 PMCID: PMC8321372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 3.5 billion individuals worldwide are exposed to household air pollution from solid fuel use. There is limited evidence from cohort studies on associations of solid fuel use with risks of major eye diseases, which cause substantial disease and economic burden globally. METHODS AND FINDINGS The China Kadoorie Biobank recruited 512,715 adults aged 30 to 79 years from 10 areas across China during 2004 to 2008. Cooking frequency and primary fuel types in the 3 most recent residences were assessed by a questionnaire. During median (IQR) 10.1 (9.2 to 11.1) years of follow-up, electronic linkages to national health insurance databases identified 4,877 incident conjunctiva disorders, 13,408 cataracts, 1,583 disorders of sclera, cornea, iris, and ciliary body (DSCIC), and 1,534 cases of glaucoma. Logistic regression yielded odds ratios (ORs) for each disease associated with long-term use of solid fuels (i.e., coal or wood) compared to clean fuels (i.e., gas or electricity) for cooking, with adjustment for age at baseline, birth cohort, sex, study area, education, occupation, alcohol intake, smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, cookstove ventilation, heating fuel exposure, body mass index, prevalent diabetes, self-reported general health, and length of recall period. After excluding participants with missing or unreliable exposure data, 486,532 participants (mean baseline age 52.0 [SD 10.7] years; 59.1% women) were analysed. Overall, 71% of participants cooked regularly throughout the recall period, of whom 48% used solid fuels consistently. Compared with clean fuel users, solid fuel users had adjusted ORs of 1.32 (1.07 to 1.37, p < 0.001) for conjunctiva disorders, 1.17 (1.08 to 1.26, p < 0.001) for cataracts, 1.35 (1.10 to 1.66, p = 0.0046) for DSCIC, and 0.95 (0.76 to 1.18, p = 0.62) for glaucoma. Switching from solid to clean fuels was associated with smaller elevated risks (over long-term clean fuel users) than nonswitching, with adjusted ORs of 1.21 (1.07 to 1.37, p < 0.001), 1.05 (0.98 to 1.12, p = 0.17), and 1.21 (0.97 to 1.50, p = 0.088) for conjunctiva disorders, cataracts, and DSCIC, respectively. The adjusted ORs for the eye diseases were broadly similar in solid fuel users regardless of ventilation status. The main limitations of this study include the lack of baseline eye disease assessment, the use of self-reported cooking frequency and fuel types for exposure assessment, the risk of bias from delayed diagnosis (particularly for cataracts), and potential residual confounding from unmeasured factors (e.g., sunlight exposure). CONCLUSIONS Among Chinese adults, long-term solid fuel use for cooking was associated with higher risks of not only conjunctiva disorders but also cataracts and other more severe eye diseases. Switching to clean fuels appeared to mitigate the risks, underscoring the global health importance of promoting universal access to clean fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Hung Chan
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mingshu Yan
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Derrick A. Bennett
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- NCD Prevention and Control Department, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huaidong Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kin Bong Hubert Lam
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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