1
|
Zheng M, Huang Y, Hu W, Li R, Wang J, Han M, Li Z. Evaluation of the Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, And Bone-Promoting Capacity of UiO-66 Loaded with Thymol or Carvacrol. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36017-36029. [PMID: 38975983 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Oral infectious diseases have a significant impact on the health of oral and maxillofacial regions, as well as the overall well-being of individuals. Carvacrol and thymol, two isomers known for their effective antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, have gained considerable attention in the treatment of oral infectious diseases. However, their application as topical drugs for oral use is limited due to their poor physical and chemical stability. UiO-66, a metal-organic framework based on zirconium ion (Zr4+), exhibits high drug loading capability. Carvacrol and thymol were efficiently loaded onto UiO-66 with loading rates of 79.60 ± 0.71% and 79.65 ± 0.76%, respectively. The release rates of carvacrol and thymol were 77.82 ± 0.87% and 76.51 ± 0.58%, respectively, after a period of 72 h. Moreover, Car@UiO-66 and Thy@UiO-66 demonstrated excellent antibacterial properties against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of 0.313 mg/mL, 0.313 mg/mL, and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, based on the results of the CCK8 cytotoxicity assay, even at concentrations as high as 1.25 mg/mL, Car@UiO-66 and Thy@UiO-66 exhibited excellent biocompatibility with a relative cell survival rate above 50%. These findings suggest that Car@UiO-66 and Thy@UiO-66 possess favorable biocompatibility properties without significant toxicity towards periodontal membrane cells. Additionally, in vivo studies confirmed the efficacy of Car@UiO-66and Thy@UiO-66 in reducing inflammation, promoting bone formation through inhibition of TNF-a and IL6 expression, enhancement of IL10 expression, and acceleration of bone defect healing. Therefore, the unique combination of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic properties make Car@UiO-66 and Thy@Ui O-66 promising candidates for the treatment of oral infectious diseases and repairing bone defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghe Zheng
- Stomatology Center of Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital The Chinese Hospital of China, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Normal University, The Chinese University of China, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Huang
- Stomatology Center of Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital The Chinese Hospital of China, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Normal University, The Chinese University of China, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- China Three Gorges University, University Road, Yichang City 443002, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ru Li
- Stomatology Center of Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital The Chinese Hospital of China, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Normal University, The Chinese University of China, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaye Wang
- Stomatology Center of Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital The Chinese Hospital of China, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Normal University, The Chinese University of China, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfang Han
- Stomatology Center of Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital The Chinese Hospital of China, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Normal University, The Chinese University of China, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehui Li
- Stomatology Center of Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital The Chinese Hospital of China, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Normal University, The Chinese University of China, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmadi H, Fatahi R, Zamani Z, Shokrpour M, Sheikh-Assadi M, Poczai P. RNA-seq analysis reveals narrow differential gene expression in MEP and MVA pathways responsible for phytochemical divergence in extreme genotypes of Thymus daenensis Celak. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:237. [PMID: 38438980 PMCID: PMC10913619 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we investigated the underlying transcriptional-level evidence behind phytochemical differences between two metabolically extreme genotypes of Thymus daenensis. The genotypes 'Zagheh-11' (thymol/carvacrol type, poor in essential oil [EO] [2.9%] but rich in triterpenic acids) and 'Malayer-21' (thymol type and rich in EO [3.8%]) were selected from an ongoing breeding program and then clonally propagated for further experimental use. MATERIALS AND METHODS GC-MS, GC-FID, and HPLC-PDA were utilized to monitor the fluctuation of secondary metabolites at four phenological stages (vegetative, bud burst, early, and full-flowering stages). The highest phytochemical divergence was observed at early flowering stage. Both genotypes were subjected to mRNA sequencing (approximately 100 million paired reads) at the aforementioned stage. The expression patterns of four key genes involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids were also validated using qRT-PCR. RESULTS Carvacrol content in 'Zagheh-11' (26.13%) was approximately 23 times higher than 'Malayer-21' (1.12%). Reciprocally, about 10% higher thymol was found in 'Malayer-21' (62.15%). Moreover, the concentrations of three major triterpenic acids in 'Zagheh-11' were approximately as twice as those found in 'Malayer-21'. Transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 1840 unigenes that were differentially expressed, including terpene synthases, cytochrome P450, and terpenoid backbone genes. Several differentially expressed transcription factors (such as MYB, bZIP, HB-HD-ZIP, and WRKY families) were also identified. These results suggest that an active cytosolic mevalonate (MVA) pathway may be linked to higher levels of sesquiterpenes, triterpenic acids, and carvacrol in 'Zagheh-11'. The chloroplastic pathway of methyl erythritol phosphate (MEP) may have also contributed to a higher accumulation of thymol in Malayer-21. Indeed, 'Zagheh-11' showed higher expression of certain genes (HMGR, CYP71D180, β-amyrin 28-monooxygenase, and sesquiterpene synthases) in the MVA pathway, while some genes in the MEP pathway (including DXR, ispG, and γ-terpinene synthase) were distinctly expressed in Malayer-21. Future efforts in metabolic engineering of MVA/MEP pathways may benefit from these findings to produce increased levels of desired secondary metabolites at commercial scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Ahmadi
- Biotechnology and Breeding Research Group for Medicinal Plants, Department of Horticultural Science & Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reza Fatahi
- Biotechnology and Breeding Research Group for Medicinal Plants, Department of Horticultural Science & Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Zabihollah Zamani
- Biotechnology and Breeding Research Group for Medicinal Plants, Department of Horticultural Science & Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Majid Shokrpour
- Biotechnology and Breeding Research Group for Medicinal Plants, Department of Horticultural Science & Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Morteza Sheikh-Assadi
- Biotechnology and Breeding Research Group for Medicinal Plants, Department of Horticultural Science & Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Peter Poczai
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fayez S, Fahmy NM, Zengin G, Yagi S, Uba AI, Eldahshan OA, Koyuncu I, Temiz E, Dall'Acqua S, Sut S, Selvi S. LC-MS/MS and GC-MS profiling, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and antiproliferative activities of Thymus leucostomus H ausskn. & V elen. extracts. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300444. [PMID: 37754205 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition as well as antioxidant, antiproliferative, and enzyme inhibition activities of extracts from aerial parts of Thymus leucostomus H ausskn. & V elen. obtained with hexane, methanol, and water were evaluated. Results showed that the methanol extract had significantly (p < 0.05) the highest total phenolic content (TPC; 107.80 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids content (TFC; 25.21 mg RE/g) followed by the aqueous extract (102.72 mg GAE/g and 20.88 mg RE/g, respectively). LC-MS/MS-guided profiling of the three extracts revealed that rosmarinic acid (34.8%), hesperetin (42.9%), and linoleic acid (18%) were the dominant compounds in the methanol, aqueous and hexane extracts, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the hexane extract showed that ɣ-sitosterol (29.9%) was the major constituent. The methanol extract displayed significantly (p < 0.05) the highest Cu++ , Fe+++ , and Mo(VI) ions scavenging and reducing properties while the aqueous extract exerted significantly (p < 0.05) the highest metal chelating power (42.51 mg EDTAE/g). Both the hexane and methanol extracts effectively inhibited the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (2.63 and 2.65 mg GALAE/g, respectively) while the former extract exerted significantly (p < 0.05) the highest butyrylcholinesterase (2.32 mg GALAE/g), tyrosinase (19.73 mg KAE/g), and amylase (1.16 mmol ACAE/g) inhibition capacity. The aqueous extract exhibited the best glucosidase inhibition property (0.49 mmol ACAE/g). The methanol and hexane extracts exerted a higher cytotoxic effect on HT-29 (IC50 : 8.12 µg/mL) and HeLa (IC50 = 8.08 µg/mL) cells, respectively. In conclusion, these results provide valuable insight into the potential use of T. leucostomus bioactive extracts in different pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Fayez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassia, Egypt
| | - Nouran M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassia, Egypt
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sakina Yagi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul AREL University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassia, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Centre of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassia, Egypt
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ebru Temiz
- Program of Medical Promotion and Marketing, Health Services Vocational School, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Selami Selvi
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Altınoluk Vocational School, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmadi H, Sheikh-Assadi M, Fatahi R, Zamani Z, Shokrpour M. Optimizing an efficient ensemble approach for high-quality de novo transcriptome assembly of Thymus daenensis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12415. [PMID: 37524806 PMCID: PMC10390528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-erroneous and well-optimized transcriptome assembly is a crucial prerequisite for authentic downstream analyses. Each de novo assembler has its own algorithm-dependent pros and cons to handle the assembly issues and should be specifically tested for each dataset. Here, we examined efficiency of seven state-of-art assemblers on ~ 30 Gb data obtained from mRNA-sequencing of Thymus daenensis. In an ensemble workflow, combining the outputs of different assemblers associated with an additional redundancy-reducing step could generate an optimized outcome in terms of completeness, annotatability, and ORF richness. Based on the normalized scores of 16 benchmarking metrics, EvidentialGene, BinPacker, Trinity, rnaSPAdes, CAP3, IDBA-trans, and Velvet-Oases performed better, respectively. EvidentialGene, as the best assembler, totally produced 316,786 transcripts, of which 235,730 (74%) were predicted to have a unique protein hit (on uniref100), and also half of its transcripts contained an ORF. The total number of unique BLAST hits for EvidentialGene was approximately three times greater than that of the worst assembler (Velvet-Oases). EvidentialGene could even capture 17% and 7% more average BLAST hits than BinPacker and Trinity. Although BinPacker and CAP3 produced longer transcripts, the EvidentialGene showed a higher collinearity between transcript size and ORF length. Compared with the other programs, EvidentialGene yielded a higher number of optimal transcript sets, further full-length transcripts, and lower possible misassemblies. Our finding corroborates that in non-model species, relying on a single assembler may not give an entirely satisfactory result. Therefore, this study proposes an ensemble approach of accompanying EvidentialGene pipelines to acquire a superior assembly for T. daenensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Ahmadi
- Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Morteza Sheikh-Assadi
- Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Fatahi
- Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Zabihollah Zamani
- Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Majid Shokrpour
- Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dini S, Chen Q, Fatemi F, Asri Y. Phytochemical and biological activities of some Iranian medicinal plants. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:664-689. [PMID: 35348418 PMCID: PMC8967204 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2046112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Due to adverse effects of synthetic compounds, there is a growing interest in utilization of plant-derived natural products in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Iranian endemic medicinal plants widely used in traditional practice have attracted much attention as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. OBJECTIVE This review attempts to compile the accessible scientific research pertained to phytochemical compounds, antibacterial and antioxidant effects of essential oils obtained from some of the most widely used and distributed medicinal plants in Iran. METHODS This review has been compiled using references via reliable databases (Google Scholar, SID and Science Direct) from 2010 to 2020. This literature review was limited to references published in English and Persian languages. RESULTS Based on studies heretofore carried out, essential oils isolated from mentioned medicinal plants exhibited strong antioxidant activity which is attributed to their main phytochemical compounds; thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene and γ-terpinene. In addition, the antibacterial activities of essential oils of most plant species from Apiaceae and Asteraceae families were more susceptible against Gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus than Gram-negative bacteria; however, essential oils of other studied plant species manifested similar behaviours against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. CONCLUSIONS As there is rich ethnobotanical knowledge behind Iranian endemic medicinal plants, further scientific research is required to prove their safety and efficacy. This review revealed that there are numerous valuable medicinal plants adoptable in food and pharmaceutical industries in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salome Dini
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Faezeh Fatemi
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Asri
- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mahrye, Anwar F, Mehmood T, Qadir R, Riaz M. Phenolics profiling and biological activities of different solvent extracts from aerial parts of wild thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Mehrnia M, Akaberi M, Amiri MS, Nadaf M, Emami SA. Ethnopharmacological studies of medicinal plants in central Zagros, Lorestan Province, Iran. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114080. [PMID: 33798662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lorestan Province (Iran) has a great diversity of habitats and plant diversity and the people living in this province have a good knowledge of herbal therapies. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the authors aimed to identify and report the medicinal plants used in the folk medicine of Lorestan. MATERIAL AND METHODS The indigenous medicinal information was collected with a semi-structured open-ended questionnaire, interviews, and personal observations. The relative importance of the species were estimated through frequency of citations (FC). RESULTS and discussion: A total of 555 plants belonging to 91 families were identified. The plants belong to Asteraceae with 62 species followed by Lamiaceae (56), Apiaceae (44), Fabaceae (41), and Brassicaceae (31). The plants were mostly used as a decoction or eaten raw (32%). Leaves (22%) were the most utilized plant parts followed by shoots (16%), and seeds (13%). Thymus daenensis, Thymus eriocalyx, Mentha longifolia, Mentha spicata, Mentha piperitha, Alium sativum, Quercus infectoria, Quercus persica, Ziziphora clinopodioides, and Malus domestica had the highest FC values. Most of the plants were used for gastrointestinal, respiratory, and skin problems. CONCLUSION Lorestan is a region rich in medicinal plants. The local knowledge of herbal therapies can be used as complementary medicine, particularly by people in remote areas and as a guide for the future pharmacological and phytochemical studies. While the known medicinal plants can be harvested or cultivated for medical and pharmaceutical purposes, the less known plants with high FC scores can be investigated phytochemically and pharmacologically in the future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mehrnia
- Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - M Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacogonosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - M S Amiri
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Nadaf
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S A Emami
- Department of Pharmacogonosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sefidkon F, Emami Bistgani Z. Integrative review on ethnobotany, essential oil, phytochemical, agronomy, molecular and pharmacological properties of Satureja species. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2021.1885512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sefidkon
- Research Division of Medicinal Plants, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Emami Bistgani
- Assistant Professor in Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|