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Odriozola A, González A, Odriozola I, Álvarez-Herms J, Corbi F. Microbiome-based precision nutrition: Prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 111:237-310. [PMID: 38908901 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms have been used in nutrition and medicine for thousands of years worldwide, long before humanity knew of their existence. It is now known that the gut microbiota plays a key role in regulating inflammatory, metabolic, immune and neurobiological processes. This text discusses the importance of microbiota-based precision nutrition in gut permeability, as well as the main advances and current limitations of traditional probiotics, new-generation probiotics, psychobiotic probiotics with an effect on emotional health, probiotic foods, prebiotics, and postbiotics such as short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters and vitamins. The aim is to provide a theoretical context built on current scientific evidence for the practical application of microbiota-based precision nutrition in specific health fields and in improving health, quality of life and physiological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Adriana González
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Iñaki Odriozola
- Health Department of Basque Government, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Phymo® Lab, Physiology, and Molecular Laboratory, Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain
| | - Francesc Corbi
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Centre de Lleida, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
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Mishra P, Badiyani VM, Jain S, Subramanian S, Maharaj SV, Kumar A, Singh BN. Prebiotics: Ignored player in the fight against cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1870. [PMID: 37458148 PMCID: PMC10644333 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prebiotics is a relatively neglected area in cancer research, despite evidence suggesting that it plays a key role in suppressing tumour growth and improving immune function. RECENT FINDINGS Including prebiotics in the diet has been shown to strengthen the immune system and can better slow down or prevent the growth of tumours. It has also been strongly indicated in various scientific studies that prebiotics can contribute to the sustenance of a healthy microbiome, which in turn plays an important role in increasing the effectiveness and reducing the side effects of cancer treatments. CONCLUSION In the present review article we highlight the mechanisms by which prebiotics like inulin, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), β-glucan, pectin, and xylooligosaccharide (XOS) function. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of incorporating prebiotics during cancer therapy to improvise gut health and prevent/reverse the damage caused to patients due to chemotherapy has also been elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichita Mishra
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Vidhi Manish Badiyani
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Sakshi Jain
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics AreaNIIT UniversityNeemranaRajasthanIndia
| | - Sruti Subramanian
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics AreaNIIT UniversityNeemranaRajasthanIndia
| | | | - Ashwini Kumar
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics AreaNIIT UniversityNeemranaRajasthanIndia
| | - Bhisham Narayan Singh
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
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Ávila PF, de Mello AHF, Forte MBS, de Almeida Costa FA, Goldbeck R. Fractionation of functional oligosaccharides produced from sugarcane straw using serial nanofiltration membranes and their influence on prebiotic potential. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113175. [PMID: 37689926 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Functional oligosaccharides are non-digestible by human gut enzymes and provide health benefits as fibers and prebiotics. The cello-oligosaccharides (COS) and xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are functional oligosaccharides obtained from xylan and cellulose, respectively, and are present in lignocellulosic material. The serial NF membranes process was performed to investigate the impact of the fractionation process on the prebiotic activity of oligosaccharides from xylan and cellulose. The NP030 (weight cut-off of 500-600 Da) and DK (weight cut-off of 150-300 Da) NF polymeric membranes were employed using defined operational conditions. The diafiltration (DF) was also investigated and it was determined that only a 1-time DF for NP030 was a more suitable strategy and improved the performance indices for short DP oligosaccharides. The short DP fractions obtained favored cell density for probiotic strains, which presented an increase on the optical density of up to 25 % after the fractionating process; enabling the use of short purified fractions in the food and pharmaceutical industry as a prebiotic ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia F Ávila
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Allan H F de Mello
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcus B S Forte
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fátima A de Almeida Costa
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana Goldbeck
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Immobilization and Application of the Recombinant Xylanase GH10 of Malbranchea pulchella in the Production of Xylooligosaccharides from Hydrothermal Liquor of the Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus grandis) Wood Chips. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113329. [PMID: 36362138 PMCID: PMC9656307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are widely used in the food industry as prebiotic components. XOS with high purity are required for practical prebiotic function and other biological benefits, such as antioxidant and inflammatory properties. In this work, we immobilized the recombinant endo-1,4-β-xylanase of Malbranchea pulchella (MpXyn10) in various chemical supports and evaluated its potential to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from hydrothermal liquor of eucalyptus wood chips. Values >90% of immobilization yields were achieved from amino-activated supports for 120 min. The highest recovery values were found on Purolite (142%) and MANAE-MpXyn10 (137%) derivatives, which maintained more than 90% residual activity for 24 h at 70 °C, while the free-MpXyn10 maintained only 11%. In addition, active MpXyn10 derivatives were stable in the range of pH 4.0−6.0 and the presence of the furfural and HMF compounds. MpXyn10 derivatives were tested to produce XOS from xylan of various sources. Maximum values were observed for birchwood xylan at 8.6 mg mL−1 and wheat arabinoxylan at 8.9 mg mL−1, using Purolite-MpXyn10. Its derivative was also successfully applied in the hydrolysis of soluble xylan present in hydrothermal liquor, with 0.9 mg mL−1 of XOS after 3 h at 50 °C. This derivative maintained more than 80% XOS yield after six cycles of the assay. The results obtained provide a basis for the application of immobilized MpXyn10 to produce XOS with high purity and other high-value-added products in the lignocellulosic biorefinery field.
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Chen X, Li S, Lin C, Zhang Z, Liu X, Wang C, Chen J, Yang B, Yuan J, Zhang Z. Isomaltooligosaccharides inhibit early colorectal carcinogenesis in a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat model. Front Nutr 2022; 9:995126. [PMID: 36185671 PMCID: PMC9521046 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.995126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer (CC) is a multistage disease and one of the most common cancers worldwide. Establishing an effective treatment strategies of early colon cancer is of great significance for preventing its development and reducing mortality. The occurrence of colon cancer is closely related to changes in the intestinal flora structure. Therefore, remodelling the intestinal flora structure through prebiotics is a powerful approach for preventing and treating the occurrence and development of colon cancer. Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) are often found in fermented foods and can directly reach the gut for use by microorganisms. In this study, a rat model of early colon cancer (DMH) was established by subcutaneous injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, and the model rats were fed IMOs as a dietary intervention (DI). The untargeted faecal metabolomics, gut metabolome and intestinal function of the model rats were investigated. The results showed that DMH, DI and IMOs alone (IMOs) groups exhibited gut microbial community changes. In the DI group, there was an increased abundance of probiotics (Lactobacillus) and decreased abundance of CC marker bacteria (Fusobacterium). The key variations in the faecal metabolites of the DI group included decreased levels of glucose, bile acids (including deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid) and amino acids (including L-glutamic acid and L-alanine). In addition, dietary intake of IMOs attenuated the intestinal inflammatory response, improved the intestinal microecological environment, and slowed the development of DMH-induced early CC in rats. This work provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the clinical prevention or treatment of CC with prebiotics.
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Batsalova T, Georgiev Y, Moten D, Teneva I, Dzhambazov B. Natural Xylooligosaccharides Exert Antitumor Activity via Modulation of Cellular Antioxidant State and TLR4. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810430. [PMID: 36142342 PMCID: PMC9499660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been recently proven that xylooligosaccharides (XOS) with prebiotic properties have diverse beneficial biological effects including immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. The present article focused on the chemical and biological evaluation of corn-derived commercially available XOS and aimed to elucidate their cytotoxicity and inhibitory potential against tumor cells. Spectrophotometric chemical analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses were performed. Antioxidant activity was determined by measuring the oxygen radical absorbance capacity and hydroxyl radical averting capacity. In vitro cytotoxicity assays with human cell lines derived from normal and tumor tissues, assessments of ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential specific staining, cytokine assays, and molecular docking were used to evaluate the biological activity of XOS. The sample showed significant antioxidant activity, and it was determined that most xylose oligomers in it are composed of six units. XOS exhibited antitumor activity with pronounced inhibitory effect on lysosomes, but mitochondrial functionality was also affected. The production of proinflammatory cytokines by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U-937 cells was reduced by XOS treatment, which suggested the involvement of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signaling in the mechanism of XOS action. Molecular docking analyses confirmed the potential inhibitory interaction between the sample and TLR4. In addition, XOS treatment had significant tumor-cell-specific influence on the glutathione antioxidant system, affecting its balance and thus contributing to the inhibition of cellular viability. The present study elucidated the tumor-inhibitory potential of commercially available XOS that could be utilized in pharmaceutical and food industry providing disease-preventive and therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Batsalova
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Georgiev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (IOCCP-BAS), 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Dzhemal Moten
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Teneva
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Balik Dzhambazov
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-32-261535
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Thakur V, Kumar V, Kumar V, Singh D. Xylooligosaccharides production using multi-substrate specific xylanases secreted by a psychrotolerant Paenibacillus sp. PCH8. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Ying W, Ouyang J, Lian Z, Xu Y, Zhang J. Lignin removal improves xylooligosaccharides production from poplar by acetic acid hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127190. [PMID: 35452823 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic acid hydrolysis is a potential method for xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production from lignocelluloses. However, the effect of lignin content on XOS production using organic acid hydrolysis remains unclear. In this work, the effect of delignification on XOS production from poplar by acetic acid (AC) hydrolysis was investigated. Hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid (HPAC) pretreatment catalyzed by 0-200 mM H2SO4 (HPAC0-HPAC200) removed 21.6-86.5% of lignin in poplar. HPAC pretreatment increased the xylan accessibility to AC solution, thus increasing the xylan removal during AC hydrolysis. An appropriate delignification (61.7%) resulted in the highest XOS yield of 37.4% by AC hydrolysis, increased by 29.9% compared to the optimal XOS yield (28.8%) from raw poplar. After alkaline post-incubation, the glucose yield of poplar residue rose from 57.1% to 78.6%. This work developed a delignification process to efficiently improve XOS and monosaccharides production from poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ying
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhina Lian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Wang HT, Bharadwaj VS, Yang JY, Curry TM, Moremen KW, Bomble YJ, Urbanowicz BR. Rational enzyme design for controlled functionalization of acetylated xylan for cell-free polymer biosynthesis. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118564. [PMID: 34560975 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Xylan O-acetyltransferase 1 (XOAT1) is involved in O-acetylating the backbone of hemicellulose xylan. Recent structural analysis of XOAT1 showed two unequal lobes forming a cleft that is predicted to accommodate and position xylan acceptors into proximity with the catalytic triad. Here, we used docking and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the optimal orientation of xylan in the binding cleft of XOAT1 and identify putative key residues (Gln445 and Arg444 on Minor lobe & Asn312, Met311 and Asp403 on Major lobe) involved in substrate interactions. Site-directed mutagenesis coupled with biochemical analyses revealed the major lobe of XOAT1 is important for xylan binding. Mutation of single key residues yielded XOAT1 variants with various enzymatic efficiencies that are applicable to one-pot synthesis of xylan polymers with different degrees of O-acetylation. Taken together, our results demonstrate the effectiveness of computational modeling in guiding enzyme engineering aimed at modulating xylan and redesigning plant cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Tzu Wang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Vivek S Bharadwaj
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 16253 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Thomas M Curry
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yannick J Bomble
- Bioscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 16253 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Breeanna R Urbanowicz
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Chen Y, Xie Y, Ajuwon KM, Zhong R, Li T, Chen L, Zhang H, Beckers Y, Everaert N. Xylo-Oligosaccharides, Preparation and Application to Human and Animal Health: A Review. Front Nutr 2021; 8:731930. [PMID: 34568407 PMCID: PMC8458953 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.731930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are considered as functional oligosaccharides and have great prebiotic potential. XOS are the degraded products of xylan prepared via chemical, physical or enzymatic degradation. They are mainly composed of xylose units linked by β-1, 4 bonds. XOS not only exhibit some specific physicochemical properties such as excellent water solubility and high temperature resistance, but also have a variety of functional biological activities including anti-inflammation, antioxidative, antitumor, antimicrobial properties and so on. Numerous studies have revealed in the recent decades that XOS can be applied to many food and feed products and exert their nutritional benefits. XOS have also been demonstrated to reduce the occurrence of human health-related diseases, improve the growth and resistance to diseases of animals. These effects open a new perspective on XOS potential applications for human consumption and animal production. Herein, this review aims to provide a general overview of preparation methods for XOS, and will also discuss the current application of XOS to human and animal health field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yining Xie
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Kolapo M Ajuwon
- Departments of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Hunan United Bio-Technology Co., Changsha, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yves Beckers
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, Gembloux, Belgium
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Jana UK, Kango N, Pletschke B. Hemicellulose-Derived Oligosaccharides: Emerging Prebiotics in Disease Alleviation. Front Nutr 2021; 8:670817. [PMID: 34386513 PMCID: PMC8353096 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.670817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota in the human body is an important component that plays a pivotal role in the ability of the host to prevent diseases and recover from these diseases. If the human microbiome changes for any reason, it affects the overall functioning of the host. Healthy and vigorous gut microbiota require dietary fiber supplementation. Recently, oligosaccharides have been found to play a significant role in the modulation of microbiota. Several such oligosaccharides, i.e., xylooligosaccharides (XOS), mannooligosaccharides (MOS), and arabino-xylooligosaccharides (AXOS), are derived from hemicellulosic macromolecules such as xylan, mannan, and arabino-xylan, respectively. These oligosaccharides serve as substrates for the probiotic production of health-promoting substances (short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids etc.), which confer a variety of health benefits, including the prevention of some dreaded diseases. Among hemicellulose-derived oligosaccharides (HDOs), XOS have been largely explored, whereas, studies on MOS and AXOS are currently underway. HDOs, upon ingestion, help reduce morbidities by lowering populations of harmful or pathogenic bacteria. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are mainly utilized for the uptake of oligosaccharides in probiotics. Butyrate generated by the selective fermentation of oligosaccharides, along with other short-chain fatty acids, reduces gut inflammation. Overall, oligosaccharides derived from hemicelluloses show a similar potential as conventional prebiotics and can be supplemented as functional foods. This review summarizes the role of HDOs in the alleviation of autoimmune diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease), diabetes, urinary tract infection, cardiovascular diseases, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the modulation of the gut microbiota. The mechanism of oligosaccharide utilization and disease mitigation is also explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Kumar Jana
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Brett Pletschke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
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Khaleghipour L, Linares-Pastén JA, Rashedi H, Ranaei Siadat SO, Jasilionis A, Al-Hamimi S, Sardari RRR, Karlsson EN. Extraction of sugarcane bagasse arabinoxylan, integrated with enzymatic production of xylo-oligosaccharides and separation of cellulose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:153. [PMID: 34217334 PMCID: PMC8254973 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane processing roughly generates 54 million tonnes sugarcane bagasse (SCB)/year, making SCB an important material for upgrading to value-added molecules. In this study, an integrated scheme was developed for separating xylan, lignin and cellulose, followed by production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from SCB. Xylan extraction conditions were screened in: (1) single extractions in NaOH (0.25, 0.5, or 1 M), 121 °C (1 bar), 30 and 60 min; (2) 3 × repeated extraction cycles in NaOH (1 or 2 M), 121 °C (1 bar), 30 and 60 min or (3) pressurized liquid extractions (PLE), 100 bar, at low alkalinity (0-0.1 M NaOH) in the time and temperature range 10-30 min and 50-150 °C. Higher concentration of alkali (2 M NaOH) increased the xylan yield and resulted in higher apparent molecular weight of the xylan polymer (212 kDa using 1 and 2 M NaOH, vs 47 kDa using 0.5 M NaOH), but decreased the substituent sugar content. Repeated extraction at 2 M NaOH, 121 °C, 60 min solubilized both xylan (85.6% of the SCB xylan), and lignin (84.1% of the lignin), and left cellulose of high purity (95.8%) in the residuals. Solubilized xylan was separated from lignin by precipitation, and a polymer with β-1,4-linked xylose backbone substituted by arabinose and glucuronic acids was confirmed by FT-IR and monosaccharide analysis. XOS yield in subsequent hydrolysis by endo-xylanases (from glycoside hydrolase family 10 or 11) was dependent on extraction conditions, and was highest using xylan extracted by 0.5 M NaOH, (42.3%, using Xyn10A from Bacillus halodurans), with xylobiose and xylotriose as main products. The present study shows successful separation of SCB xylan, lignin, and cellulose. High concentration of alkali, resulted in xylan with lower degree of substitution (especially reduced arabinosylation), while high pressure (using PLE), released more lignin than xylan. Enzymatic hydrolysis was more efficient using xylan extracted at lower alkaline strength and less efficient using xylan obtained by PLE and 2 M NaOH, which may be a consequence of polymer aggregation, via remaining lignin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Khaleghipour
- Division Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- Biotechnology Group, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javier A Linares-Pastén
- Division Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hamid Rashedi
- Biotechnology Group, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Andrius Jasilionis
- Division Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Said Al-Hamimi
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roya R R Sardari
- Division Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Nordberg Karlsson
- Division Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
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Khedr OMS, El-Sonbaty SM, Moawed FSM, Kandil EI, Abdel-Maksoud BE. Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 Exopolysaccharides Suppresses Mediators of Inflammation through the Inhibition of TLR2/STAT-3/P38-MAPK Pathway in DEN-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1037-1047. [PMID: 34085875 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1934490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been suggested as a safe and cost-effective approach to prevent or treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some of the exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by lactic acid bacteria confer health benefits such as immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. The present study was therefore aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 EPSs against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and gamma radiation (IR) induced HCC either as prevention or treatment in male rats' model. Biochemical results revealed a significant increase in serum ALT and γ-GT activities as well as MDA, IL-17, TGF-β1, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 protein (STAT3), mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38MAPK) levels in the liver tissue. The gene expression level of the liver toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) gene was also increased. However, prevention and treatment with EPSs ameliorated most of the investigated parameters. The histopathological observations of liver tissues were in agreement with restored biochemical results. In conclusion, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 EPSs are efficacious control against HCC throughout the regulation of TLR2/STAT-3/P38-MAPK Pathway associated with inflammation. Therefore, our novel EPSs ATCC 4356 could be used as a good, safe and effective probiotic to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis in suspected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola M S Khedr
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sawsan M El-Sonbaty
- Microbiology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma S M Moawed
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman I Kandil
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Novel and emerging prebiotics: Advances and opportunities. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 95:41-95. [PMID: 33745516 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Consumers are conscientiously changing their eating preferences toward healthier options, such as functional foods enriched with pre- and probiotics. Prebiotics are attractive bioactive compounds with multidimensional beneficial action on both human and animal health, namely on the gastrointestinal tract, cardiometabolism, bones or mental health. Conventionally, prebiotics are non-digestible carbohydrates which generally present favorable organoleptic properties, temperature and acidic stability, and are considered interesting food ingredients. However, according to the current definition of prebiotics, application categories other than food are accepted, as well as non-carbohydrate substrates and bioactivity at extra-intestinal sites. Regulatory issues are considered a major concern for prebiotics since a clear understanding and application of these compounds among the consumers, regulators, scientists, suppliers or manufacturers, health-care providers and standards or recommendation-setting organizations are of utmost importance. Prebiotics can be divided in several categories according to their development and regulatory status. Inulin, galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides and lactulose are generally classified as well established prebiotics. Xylooligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, chitooligosaccharides and lactosucrose are classified as "emerging" prebiotics, while raffinose, neoagaro-oligosaccharides and epilactose are "under development." Other substances, such as human milk oligosaccharides, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, protein hydrolysates and peptides are considered "new candidates." This chapter will encompass actual information about the non-established prebiotics, mainly their physicochemical properties, market, legislation, biological activity and possible applications. Generally, there is a lack of clear demonstrations about the effective health benefits associated with all the non-established prebiotics. Overcoming this limitation will undoubtedly increase the demand for these compounds and their market size will follow the consumer's trend.
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Catenza KF, Donkor KK. Recent approaches for the quantitative analysis of functional oligosaccharides used in the food industry: A review. Food Chem 2021; 355:129416. [PMID: 33774226 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional oligosaccharides (OS) are diverse groups of carbohydrates that confer several health benefits stemming from their prebiotic activity. Commonly used oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides, are used in a wide range of applications from food ingredients to mimic the prebiotic activity of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in infant formula to sugar and fat replacers in dairy and bakery products. However, while consumption of these compounds is associated with several positive health effects, increased consumption can cause intestinal discomfort and aggravation of intestinal bowel syndrome symptoms. Hence, it is essential to develop rapid and reliable techniques to quantify OS for quality control and proper assessment of their functionality in food and food products. The present review will focus on recent analytical techniques used to quantify OS in different matrices such as food and beverage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Catenza
- Department of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - K K Donkor
- Department of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada.
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Extraction and characterization of xylan from sugarcane tops as a potential commercial substrate. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:647-654. [PMID: 33676868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Xylan is the major hemicellulose present in sugarcane stem secondary cell walls. Xylan is composed of xylose backbone with a high degree of substitutions, which affects its properties. In the present study, the xylan from sugarcane tops (SCT) was extracted and characterized. Compositional analysis of xylan extracted from SCT (SCTx) displayed the presence of 74% of d-xylose residues, 16% of d-glucuronic acid residues and 10% of l-arabinose. High performance size exclusion chromatographic analysis of SCTx displayed a single peak corresponding to a molecular mass of ∼57 kDa. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of SCTx displayed the peaks corresponding to those obtained from commercial xylan. FESEM analysis of SCTx showed the granular and porous surface structure. Differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) of SCTx displayed two thermal degradation temperatures (Td) of 228°C, due to breakdown of the side chains of glucuronic acid and arabinose and 275°C, due to breakdown of xylan back bone. The presence of arabinose and glucuronic acid as a side chains was confirmed by the DTG and thermogravimetric analysis. The CHNS analysis of SCTx showed the presence of only carbon and hydrogen supporting its purity. The recombinant xylanase (CtXyn11A) from Clostridium thermocellum displayed a specific activity of 1394 ± 51 U/mg with SCTx, which was higher than those with commercial xylans. The thin layer chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy analyses of CtXyn11A hydrolysed SCTx contained a series of linear xylo-oligosaccharides ranging from degree of polymerization 2-6 and no substituted xylo-oligosaccharides because of the endolytic activity of enzyme. The extracted xylan from SCT can be used as an alternative commercial substrate and for oligo-saccharide production.
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Production of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides from arabino- and glucuronoxylan using a two-domain Jonesia denitrificans xylanase from GH10 family. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 144:109743. [PMID: 33541577 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of a more environmentally sustainable society is based on the maximum use of renewable carbon sources and their valorization of environmentally-friendly green technologies. This includes a thorough use of plant biomass and agricultural residues for the production of value-added bioproducts. Xylan is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature which can be sustainable converted into pentoses and xylooligosaccharides, that have wide applications in the food, feed, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industry. Within the scope of present study, we biochemically characterized two-domain GH10 xylanase from Jonesia denitrificans (JdXyn10A) and evaluated its applicability for production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS). JdXyn10A has a specific activity of 84 ± 2 U/mg and 65 ± 5 U/mg when acting on beechwood glucuronoxylan and rye arabinoxylan, respectively. The enzyme is stable in a wide pH range and is tolerant to high concentrations of NaCl and ethanol. Interestingly, the profile of products released by the enzyme is predominant in xylobiose and xylotriose, with a very low fraction of xylose which is desirable for XOS production. The efficiencies of enzymatic conversion of beechwood glucuronoxylan and rye arabinoxylan are 47.67 % and 26.01 %, respectively, after 6 h of enzymatic hydrolysis only. Structural comparison between the JdXyn10A homology model and the structure from its homologous that while the glycone region of its active site is well preserved, the aglycone region presents structural differences in the +2 subsite that may explain why JdXyn10A does not release xylose.
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Sharma K, Khaire KC, Thakur A, Moholkar VS, Goyal A. Acacia Xylan as a Substitute for Commercially Available Xylan and Its Application in the Production of Xylooligosaccharides. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13729-13738. [PMID: 32566838 PMCID: PMC7301597 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, birchwood and beechwood xylans have been used as a popular substrate for the characterization of xylanases. Recently, major companies have discontinued their commercial production. Therefore, there is a need to find an alternative to these substrates. Xylan extraction from Acacia sawdust resulted in 23.5% (w/w) yield. The extracted xylan is composed of xylose and glucuronic acid residues in a molar ratio of 6:1 with a molecular mass of ∼70 kDa. The specific optical rotation analysis of extracted xylan displayed that it is composed of the d-form of xylose and glucuronic acid monomeric sugars. The nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of extracted xylan revealed that the xylan backbone is substituted with 4-O-methyl glucuronic acid at the O2 position. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the absence of lignin contamination in the extracted xylan. Xylanase from Clostridium thermocellum displayed the enzyme activity of 1761 U/mg against extracted xylan, and the corresponding activity against beechwood xylan was 1556 U/mg, which confirmed that the extracted xylan could be used as an alternative substrate for the characterization of xylanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar Sharma
- Carbohydrate
Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Kaustubh Chandrakant Khaire
- Carbohydrate
Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Abhijeet Thakur
- Carbohydrate
Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Vijayanand Suryakant Moholkar
- Carbohydrate
Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Arun Goyal
- Carbohydrate
Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Center for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Amorim C, Silvério SC, Cardoso BB, Alves JI, Pereira MA, Rodrigues LR. In vitro assessment of prebiotic properties of xylooligosaccharides produced by Bacillus subtilis 3610. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tangestani H, Emamat H, Ghalandari H, Shab-Bidar S. Whole Grains, Dietary Fibers and the Human Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review of Existing Literature. Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric 2020; 11:235-248. [PMID: 32178621 DOI: 10.2174/2212798411666200316152252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of dietary fibers have been proved for a long time. The importance of microbiota has been identified in human health and there is a growing interest to study the factors affecting it. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to investigate the impact of fiber and whole grains (WGs) on human gut microbiota in a patent-based review. METHODS All related clinical trials were systematically searched on PubMed and Scopus search engines from inception up to Feb 2020. Interventional human studies reporting changes in microbiota by using any type of grains/fibers were included. The following information was extracted: date of the publication, location and design of the study, sample size, study population, demographic characteristics, the amount of dietary WGs/fiber, the duration of intervention, the types of grains or fibers, and changes in the composition of the microbiota. RESULTS Of 138 studies which were verified, 35 studies with an overall population of 1080 participants, met the inclusion criteria and entered the systematic review. The results of interventional trials included in this review suggest some beneficial effects of consuming different amounts and types of WGs and fibers on the composition of intestinal microbiota. Most included studies showed that the intake of WGs and fibers increases bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and reduces the pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and clostridia in the human gut. CONCLUSION The consumption of WGs/fibers may modify the intestinal microbiota and promote the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Nevertheless, further research is warranted in different populations and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadith Tangestani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Emamat
- Student Research Committee, Department and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghalandari
- Nutritionist, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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21
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Liu MQ, Li JY, Rehman AU, Xu X, Gu ZJ, Wu RC. Laboratory Evolution of GH11 Endoxylanase Through DNA Shuffling: Effects of Distal Residue Substitution on Catalytic Activity and Active Site Architecture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:350. [PMID: 31824938 PMCID: PMC6883096 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoxylanase with high specific activity, thermostability, and broad pH adaptability is in huge demand. The mutant library of GH11 endoxylanase was constructed via DNA shuffling by using the catalytic domain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens xylanase A (BaxA) and Thermomonospora fusca TF xylanase A (TfxA) as parents. A total of 2,250 colonies were collected and 756 of them were sequenced. Three novel mutants (DS153: N29S, DS241: S31R and DS428: I51V) were identified and characterized in detail. For these mutants, three residues of BaxA were substituted by the corresponding one of TfxA_CD. The specific activity of DS153, DS241, and DS428 in the optimal condition was 4.54, 4.35, and 3.9 times compared with the recombinant BaxA (reBaxA), respectively. The optimum temperature of the three mutants was 50°C. The optimum pH for DS153, DS241, and DS428 was 6.0, 7.0, and 6.0, respectively. The catalytic efficiency of DS153, DS241, and DS428 enhanced as well, while their sensitivity to recombinant rice xylanase inhibitor (RIXI) was lower than that of reBaxA. Three mutants have identical hydrolytic function as reBaxA, which released xylobiose–xylopentaose from oat spelt, birchwood, and beechwood xylan. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on BaxA and three mutants to explore the precise impact of gain-of-function on xylanase activity. The tertiary structure of BaxA was not altered under the substitution of distal residues (N29S, S31R, and I51V); it induced slightly changes in active site architecture. The distal impact rescued the BaxA from native conformation (“closed state”) through weakening interactions between “gate” residues (R112, N35 in DS241 and DS428; W9, P116 in DS153) and active site residues (E78, E172, Y69, and Y80), favoring conformations with an “open state” and providing improved activity. The current findings would provide a better and more in-depth understanding of how distal single residue substitution improved the catalytic activity of xylanase at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruo-Chen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Amorim C, Silvério SC, Prather KL, Rodrigues LR. From lignocellulosic residues to market: Production and commercial potential of xylooligosaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Kumar B, Bhardwaj N, Verma P. Pretreatment of rice straw using microwave assisted FeCl3-H3PO4 system for ethanol and oligosaccharides generation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Shivudu G, Khan S, Chandraraj K, Selvam P. Immobilization of Recombinant Endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase on Ordered Mesoporous Matrices for Xylooligosaccharides Production. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Godhulayyagari Shivudu
- National Centre for Catalysis Research and Department of BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Technology-Madras Chennai- 600036 India
| | - Sourav Khan
- National Centre for Catalysis Research and Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology-Madras Chennai- 600036 India
| | - Krishnan Chandraraj
- National Centre for Catalysis Research and Department of BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Technology-Madras Chennai- 600036 India
| | - Parasuraman Selvam
- National Centre for Catalysis Research and Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology-Madras Chennai- 600036 India
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical ScienceThe University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH United Kingdom
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Li R, Ding Q, Zhao XH. Impact of Milk Fortification on the Microbiological and Physicochemical Properties of Set-Type Skimmed Yoghurt Using Three Commercial Soluble Prebiotics. Foods 2019; 8:E181. [PMID: 31142012 PMCID: PMC6617138 DOI: 10.3390/foods8060181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of milk fortification on the microbiological and physicochemical properties of a set-type skimmed yoghurt using three commercial soluble prebiotics (inulin, iso-malto-oligosaccharides, and xylo-oligosaccharides) at either 3 or 5 g/kg was assessed. The three prebiotics had an insignificant impact on yoghurt fermentation because all yoghurt samples had similar titratable acidity and similar pH values after their lactic acid fermentation. Regarding the control yoghurt samples without prebiotics usage, the prebiotics-fortified yoghurt samples showed no difference in their main chemical compositions, hardness, syneresis extent, and apparent viscosity (p > 0.05), but had a slightly higher lactic acid content and a viable quantity of starter strains. All yoghurt samples had the same acetic acid content, while propionic and butyric acids were not produced. Yoghurt storage at 4 C for 21 d gave these yoghurt samples decreased pH values and a viable quantity of starter strains (especially Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) and unchanged acetic acid; however, it increased lactic acid contents. Overall, prebiotics fortification up to 5 g/kg had a completely insignificant impact on the fermentation and quality attributes of yoghurt samples but could possibly improve the health of consumers due to higher dietary fibers and starter strain populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Qi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Agarwal K, Chaturvedi V, Verma P. Purification and characterization of a thermo-acid/alkali stable xylanases from Aspergillus oryzae LC1 and its application in Xylo-oligosaccharides production from lignocellulosic agricultural wastes. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:1191-1202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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27
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Amorim C, Silvério SC, Gonçalves RF, Pinheiro AC, Silva S, Coelho E, Coimbra MA, Prather KL, Rodrigues LR. Downscale fermentation for xylooligosaccharides production by recombinant Bacillus subtilis 3610. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 205:176-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Single-step production of arabino-xylooligosaccharides by recombinant Bacillus subtilis 3610 cultivated in brewers’ spent grain. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:546-554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Di W, Zhang L, Yi H, Han X, Zhang Y, Xin L. Exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus strains suppress HT-29 cell growth via induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3577-3586. [PMID: 30127964 PMCID: PMC6096156 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from nine Lactobacillus strains with a high degree of bio-activity on human colon cancer cell line HT-29 were studied. The extracellular polymeric substances from 4 strains, namely K11, M5, SB27 and ×12, displayed desirable anti-proliferative activity against HT-29 cells. Crude and acidic EPS were purified from the 4 strains and the inhibitory effects were further investigated. The crude and acidic EPS from these 4 strains exerted anti-proliferation effects on HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner but were nontoxic to Vero cells. Treatment with EPS significantly induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of HT-29 cells. Hoechst 33258 staining of acidic EPS-treated HT-29 cells revealed different degrees of morphological changes within the nucleus and the formation of apoptotic bodies. Caspase-3 activity was markedly upregulated in HT-29 cells following treatment with acidic EPS. In addition, acidic EPS from the SB27 strain demonstrated the most robust inhibitory effect on HT-29 cells. The results of the present study suggest that as an inducer of apoptosis EPS has the potential to be applied in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Di
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, P.R. China
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, P.R. China.,Functional Dairy and Probiotics Engineering Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- Functional Dairy and Probiotics Engineering Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, P.R. China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, P.R. China
| | - Liang Xin
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, P.R. China
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DE-Souza ASC, Costa-Casagrande TA. ANIMAL MODELS FOR COLORECTAL CANCER. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:e1369. [PMID: 29972397 PMCID: PMC6044195 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020180001e1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a very frequent sort of neoplasm among the population, with a high mortality rate. It develops from an association of genetic and environmental factors, and it is related to multiple cell signaling pathways. Cell cultures and animal models are used in research to reproduce the process of disease development in humans. Of the existing animal models, the most commonly used are animals with tumors induced by chemical agents and genetically modified animals. Objective: To present and synthesize the main animal models of colorectal carcinogenesis used in the research, comparing its advantages and disadvantages. Method: This literature review was performed through the search for scientific articles over the last 18 years in PubMed and Science Direct databases, by using keywords such as “animal models”, “colorectal carcinogenesis” and “tumor induction”. Results: 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and azoxymethane are carcinogenic agents with high specificity for the small and large intestine regions. Therefore, the two substances are widely used. Concerning the genetically modified animal models, there is a larger number of studies concerning mutations of the APC, p53 and K-ras genes. Animals with the APC gene mutation develop colorectal neoplasms, whereas animals with p53 and K-ras genes mutations are able to potentiate the effects of the APC gene mutation as well as the chemical inducers. Conclusion: Each animal model has advantages and disadvantages, and some are individually efficient as to the induction of carcinogenesis, and in other cases the association of two forms of induction is the best way to obtain representative results of carcinogenesis in humans.
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Melo AFDP, Mendonça MCP, Rosa-Castro RDM. The protective effects of fermented kefir milk on azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt formation in mice colon. Tissue Cell 2018; 52:51-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Inhibiting the Catalytic Activity of Family GH11 Xylanases by Recombinant Rice Xylanase-Inhibiting Protein. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Jagtap S, Deshmukh RA, Menon S, Das S. Xylooligosaccharides production by crude microbial enzymes from agricultural waste without prior treatment and their potential application as nutraceuticals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:283-288. [PMID: 28892703 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus R1, on submerged fermentation using agricultural residues as carbon source produced extracellular xylanase (152IU/ml after 96h of incubation at 37°C with constant shaking at 100rpm). A maximum yield of 1gm% Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) mixture was obtained after 12h by enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan rich wheat husk without any prior pretreatment using the crude enzyme without any purification. HP-TLC data confirmed the presence of an array of XOS for its prebiotic properties by carrying out studies on ten standard probiotic cultures. Six of ten probiotic cultures were able to utilize XOS produced from agricultural wastes and showed remarkable growth in the media containing XOS as the sole source of carbon. XOS mixture also exhibited concentration dependent anti-oxidant activity. Thus, the results showed that XOS produced from agricultural residues have great prebiotic potential and good antioxidant activity; therefore, it can be used in food-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmili Jagtap
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life-Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India.
| | - Rehan Ahmed Deshmukh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life-Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Shylaja Menon
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life-Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Santanu Das
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life-Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
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Qamar TR, Iqbal S, Syed F, Nasir M, Rehman H, Iqbal MA, Liu RH. Impact of Novel Prebiotic Galacto-Oligosaccharides on Various Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer in Wister Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1785. [PMID: 28858205 PMCID: PMC5618473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths around the globe. Bioactive food ingredients such as prebiotics have protective potential in colon cancer. Data on galacto-oligosaccharides (GalOS) against CRC are very limited and GalOS used in this study have β-1,6 and β-1,3 as major glycosidic linkages and, to our best knowledge, were never used before against any cancer treatment. This study aims to investigate the protective role of novel GalOS against various biomarkers of CRC including aberrant crypt foci (ACF), bacterial enzymes and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in a rodent model induced with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH). Inulin group was taken as positive control in present study to compare novel GalOS protective effects. GalOS doses of 76-151 mg and inulin doses of 114 mg were given to different groups treated with DMH. Results showed that ACF formation was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) less in high dose GalOS group (27.3%). GalOS also had protective effects against DMH-induced body weight loss and showed higher level of cecal and fecal SCFA (acetate, propionate and butyrate). High doses of GalOS also resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction of bacterial enzymatic activities. Increased populations of beneficial bacteria (bifidobacteria and lactobacilli) and decreased concentrations of harmful bacteria were observed in all prebiotics treatment groups. It can be concluded that novel GalOS exhibit robust protective activity against ACF formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Rasool Qamar
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Punjab 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Sanaullah Iqbal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Punjab 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Fatima Syed
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Punjab 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Nasir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Punjab 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Habib Rehman
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Punjab 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Punjab 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 exopolysaccharides synergizes with low level ionizing radiation to modulate signaling molecular targets in colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:384-393. [PMID: 28554134 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy that targets cellular signaling pathway represents an alternative therapy for the treatment of colon cancer (CRC). The present study was therefore aimed to investigate the probable interaction of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 exopolysaccharides (EPS) with low level ionizing γ radiation (γ-R) exposure against dimethylhydrazine (DMH)- induced colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. Colon cancer was induced with 20mg DMH/kg BW. Rats received daily by gastric gavage 100mg EPS/Kg BW concomitant with 1Gy γ-R over two months. Colonic oxidative and inflammatory stresses were assessed. The change in the expression of p-p38 MAPK, p-STAT3, β-catenin, NF-kB, COX-2 and iNOS was evaluated by western blotting and q-PCR. It was found that DMH treatment significantly induced colon oxidative injury accompanied by inflammatory disturbance along with increased protein expression of the targeted signaling factors p-p38 MAPK, p-STAT3 and β-catenin. The mRNA gene expression of NF-kB, COX-2 and iNOS was significantly higher in DMH-treated animals. It's worthy to note that colon tissues with DMH treatment showed significant dysplasia and anaplasia of the glandular mucosal lining epithelium with loses of goblet cells formation, pleomorphism in the cells and hyperchromachia in nuclei. Interestingly, EPS treatment with γ-R exposure showed statistically significant amelioration of the oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers with modulated signaling molecular factors accompanied by improved histological structure against DMH-induced CRC. In conclusion, our findings showed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 EPS with low level γ-R in synergistic interaction are efficacious control against CRC progression throughout the modulation of key signaling growth factors associated with inflammation via antioxidant mediated anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities.
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Li D, Chen H, Mao B, Yang Q, Zhao J, Gu Z, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Microbial Biogeography and Core Microbiota of the Rat Digestive Tract. Sci Rep 2017; 8:45840. [PMID: 28374781 PMCID: PMC5379200 DOI: 10.1038/srep45840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a long-standing biomedical model, rats have been frequently used in studies exploring the correlations between gastrointestinal (GI) bacterial biota and diseases. In the present study, luminal and mucosal samples taken along the longitudinal axis of the rat digestive tract were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based analysis to determine the baseline microbial composition. Results showed that the community diversity increased from the upper to lower GI segments and that the stratification of microbial communities as well as shift of microbial metabolites were driven by biogeographic location. A greater proportion of lactate-producing bacteria (such as Lactobacillus, Turicibacter and Streptococcus) were found in the stomach and small intestine, while anaerobic Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, fermenting carbohydrates and plant aromatic compounds, constituted the bulk of the large-intestinal core microbiota where topologically distinct co-occurrence networks were constructed for the adjacent luminal and mucosal compartments. When comparing the GI microbiota from different hosts, we found that the rat microbial biogeography might represent a new reference, distinct from other murine animals. Our study provides the first comprehensive characterization of the rat GI microbiota landscape for the research community, laying the foundation for better understanding and predicting the disease-related alterations in microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China.,Departments of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, P.R. China
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Qamar TR, Syed F, Nasir M, Rehman H, Zahid MN, Liu RH, Iqbal S. Novel Combination of Prebiotics Galacto-Oligosaccharides and Inulin-Inhibited Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation and Biomarkers of Colon Cancer in Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2016; 8:E465. [PMID: 27490566 PMCID: PMC4997378 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The selectivity and beneficial effects of prebiotics are mainly dependent on composition and glycosidic linkage among monosaccharide units. This is the first study to use prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) that contains β-1,6 and β-1,3 glycosidic linkages and the novel combination of GOS and inulin in cancer prevention. The objective of the present study is to explore the role of novel GOS and inulin against various biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the incidence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in a 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH)-induced rodent model. Prebiotic treatments of combined GOS and inulin (57 mg each), as well as individual doses (GOS: 76-151 mg; inulin 114 mg), were given to DMH-treated animals for 16 weeks. Our data reveal the significant preventive effect of the GOS and inulin combination against the development of CRC. It was observed that inhibition of ACF formation (55.8%) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher using the GOS and inulin combination than GOS (41.4%) and inulin (51.2%) treatments alone. This combination also rendered better results on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and bacterial enzymatic activities. Dose-dependent effects of prebiotic treatments were also observed on cecum and fecal bacterial enzymes and on SCFA. Thus, this study demonstrated that novel combination of GOS and inulin exhibited stronger preventive activity than their individual treatments alone, and can be a promising strategy for CRC chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Rasool Qamar
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Fatima Syed
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Nasir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Habib Rehman
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Nauman Zahid
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Sanaullah Iqbal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Deepak V, Ramachandran S, Balahmar RM, Pandian SRK, Sivasubramaniam SD, Nellaiah H, Sundar K. In vitro evaluation of anticancer properties of exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus acidophilus in colon cancer cell lines. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:163-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liu MQ, Huo WK, Xu X, Jin DF. An immobilized bifunctional xylanase on carbon-coated chitosan nanoparticles with a potential application in xylan-rich biomass bioconversion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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