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Anwar S, Peng JL, Zahid KR, Zhou YM, Ali Q, Qiu CR. Cystic Fibrosis: Understanding Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Mutation Classification and Modulator Therapies. Adv Respir Med 2024; 92:263-277. [PMID: 39051188 PMCID: PMC11270331 DOI: 10.3390/arm92040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A common life-threatening hereditary disease, Cystic Fibrosis (CF), affects primarily Caucasian infants. High sweat-salt levels are observed as a result of a single autosomal mutation in chromosome 7 that affects the critical function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR). For establishing tailored treatment strategies, it is important to understand the broad range of CFTR mutations and their impacts on disease pathophysiology. This study thoroughly investigates the six main classes of classification of CFTR mutations based on their functional effects. Each class is distinguished by distinct molecular flaws, such as poor protein synthesis, misfolding, gating defects, conduction defects, and decreased CFTR expression at the apical membrane. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the emerging field of CFTR modulators, which intend to restore CFTR function or mitigate its consequences. These modulators, which are characterized by the mode of action and targeted mutation class, have the potential to provide personalized therapy regimens in CF patients. This review provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of CF pathology, and highlights the potential for precision medicine methods in CF therapy by thoroughly investigating CFTR mutation classification and related modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Anwar
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore 53700, Pakistan;
| | - Jin-Liang Peng
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (J.-L.P.); (Y.-M.Z.)
| | - Kashif Rafiq Zahid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianaapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Yu-Ming Zhou
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (J.-L.P.); (Y.-M.Z.)
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Chong-Rong Qiu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (J.-L.P.); (Y.-M.Z.)
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Goksel E, Ugurel E, Nader E, Boisson C, Muniansi I, Joly P, Renoux C, Gauthier A, Connes P, Yalcin O. A preliminary study of phosphodiesterases and adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway on red blood cell deformability of sickle cell patients. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1215835. [PMID: 37781231 PMCID: PMC10540448 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1215835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited hemoglobinopathy characterized by chronic anemia, intravascular hemolysis, and the occurrence of vaso-occlusive crises due to the mechanical obstruction of the microcirculation by poorly deformable red blood cells (RBCs). RBC deformability is a key factor in the pathogenesis of SCD, and is affected by various factors. In this study, we investigated the effects of adenylyl cyclase (AC) signaling pathway modulation and different phosphodiesterase (PDE) modulatory molecules on the deformability and mechanical stress responses of RBC from SCD patients (HbSS genotype) by applying 5 Pa shear stress with an ektacytometer (LORRCA). We evaluated RBC deformability before and after the application of shear stress. AC stimulation with Forskolin had distinct effects on RBC deformability depending on the application of 5 Pa shear stress. RBC deformability was increased by Forskolin before shear stress application but decreased after 5 Pa shear stress. AC inhibition with SQ22536 and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibition with H89 increased RBC deformability before and after the shear stress application. Non-selective PDE inhibition with Pentoxifylline increased RBC deformability. However, modulation of the different PDE types had distinct effects on RBC deformability, with PDE1 inhibition by Vinpocetine increasing deformability while PDE4 inhibition by Rolipram decreased RBC deformability after the shear stress application. The effects of the drugs varied greatly between patients suggesting some could benefit from one drug while others not. Developing drugs targeting the AC signaling pathway could have clinical applications for SCD, but more researches with larger patient cohorts are needed to identify the differences in the responses of sickle RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Goksel
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Elif Ugurel
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Elie Nader
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Camille Boisson
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Ingrid Muniansi
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Joly
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Celine Renoux
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team “Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell”, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Ozlem Yalcin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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3
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Flegel WA, Srivastava K, Sissung TM, Goldspiel BR, Figg WD. Pharmacogenomics with red cells: a model to study protein variants of drug transporter genes. Vox Sang 2021; 116:141-154. [PMID: 32996603 PMCID: PMC9108996 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The PharmacoScan pharmacogenomics platform screens for variation in genes that affect drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, immune adverse reactions and targets. Among the 1,191 genes tested on the platform, 12 genes are expressed in the red cell membrane: ABCC1, ABCC4, ABCC5, ABCG2, CFTR, SLC16A1, SLC19A1, SLC29A1, ATP7A, CYP4F3, EPHX1 and FLOT1. These genes represent 5 ATP-binding cassette proteins, 3 solute carrier proteins, 1 ATP transport protein and 3 genes associated with drug metabolism and adverse drug reactions. Only ABCG2 and SLC29A1 encode blood group systems, JR and AUG, respectively. We propose red cells as an ex vivo model system to study the effect of heritable variants in genes encoding the transport proteins on the pharmacokinetics of drugs. Altered pharmacodynamics in red cells could also cause adverse reactions, such as haemolysis, hitherto unexplained by other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Albert Flegel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kshitij Srivastava
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tristan Michael Sissung
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Office of the Clinical Director, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barry Ronald Goldspiel
- Clinical Trials Operations and Informatics Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William Douglas Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Office of the Clinical Director, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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P2X7R large pore is partially blocked by pore forming proteins antagonists in astrocytes. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 48:309-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9649-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Minetti G, Egée S, Mörsdorf D, Steffen P, Makhro A, Achilli C, Ciana A, Wang J, Bouyer G, Bernhardt I, Wagner C, Thomas S, Bogdanova A, Kaestner L. Red cell investigations: Art and artefacts. Blood Rev 2013; 27:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Cystic fibrosis: insight into CFTR pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:1132-44. [PMID: 22698459 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is the most common life-threatening recessively inherited disease in Caucasians. Due to early provision of care in specialized reference centers and more comprehensive care, survival has improved over time. Despite great advances in supportive care and in our understanding of its pathophysiology, there is still no cure for the disease. Therapeutic strategies aimed at rescuing the abnormal protein are either being sought after or under investigation. This review highlights salient insights into pathophysiology and candidate molecules suitable for CFTR pharmacotherapy. Clinical trials using Ataluren, VX-809 and ivacaftor have provided encouraging data. Preclinical data with inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5, such as sildenafil and analogs, have highlighted their potential for CFTR pharmacotherapy. Because sildenafil and analogs are in clinical use for other clinical applications, research on this class of drugs might speed up the development of new therapies for CF.
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Gupta P, Vijayan VK, Bansal SK. Changes in protein profile of erythrocyte membrane in bronchial asthma. J Asthma 2012; 49:129-33. [PMID: 22277105 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2011.649873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Erythrocyte membrane proteins reflect the prototype of multifunctional proteins of various erythroid and non-erythroid cells, which demonstrate various cellular functions. The protein profile of cells changes in various diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to understand the changes in protein profile of erythrocyte membranes in bronchial asthma. METHODS The study included 20 patients of bronchial asthma and 20 healthy subjects. Erythrocytes were isolated from peripheral blood, membranes were prepared followed by the determination of protein contents, and protein profile was assessed using SDS-PAGE. RESULTS In bronchial asthma, the protein contents of erythrocyte membranes in asthmatic patients were significantly higher (p < .005) than in healthy controls. Analysis of protein profile showed absence of the proteins, namely, band 4.2 and adducin subunit-II, and appearance of protein bands of molecular weights corresponding to galectin-3, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, β-actin, dematin, band 4.1, and adducin (subunit-I) in asthmatic patients when compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS In asthma, there are quantitative and qualitative changes in proteins of erythrocyte membranes. The absence of band 4.2 protein may cause impairment of the erythrocyte membrane integrity, and presence of galectin-3 may lead to the activation of various inflammatory cells. The altered protein profile may possibly lead to altered response of the inflammatory cells to the asthmogenic stimuli, which may be responsible for pathophysiology and manifestation of the symptoms of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Wan J, Forsyth AM, Stone HA. Red blood cell dynamics: from cell deformation to ATP release. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:972-81. [PMID: 21935538 DOI: 10.1039/c1ib00044f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of red blood cell (RBC) deformation under both static and dynamic, i.e., flow, conditions have been studied extensively since the mid 1960s. Deformation-induced biochemical reactions and possible signaling in RBCs, however, were proposed only fifteen years ago. Therefore, the fundamental relationship between RBC deformation and cellular signaling dynamics i.e., mechanotransduction, remains incompletely understood. Quantitative understanding of the mechanotransductive pathways in RBCs requires integrative studies of physical models of RBC deformation and cellular biochemical reactions. In this article we review the physical models of RBC deformation, spanning from continuum membrane mechanics to cellular skeleton dynamics under both static and flow conditions, and elaborate the mechanistic links involved in deformation-induced ATP release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandi Wan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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9
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Band 3 missense mutations and stomatocytosis: insight into the molecular mechanism responsible for monovalent cation leak. Int J Cell Biol 2011; 2011:136802. [PMID: 21876696 PMCID: PMC3163022 DOI: 10.1155/2011/136802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations in the erythroid band 3 protein (Anion Exchanger 1) have been associated with hereditary stomatocytosis. Features of cation leaky red cells combined with functional expression of the mutated protein led to the conclusion that the AE1 point mutations were responsible for Na(+) and K(+) leak through a conductive mechanism. A molecular mechanism explaining mutated AE1-linked stomatocytosis involves changes in AE1 transport properties that become leaky to Na(+) and K(+). However, another explanation suggests that point-mutated AE1 could regulate a cation leak through other transporters. This short paper intends to discuss these two alternatives.
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10
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Thomas SL, Bouyer G, Cueff A, Egée S, Glogowska E, Ollivaux C. Ion channels in human red blood cell membrane: Actors or relics? Blood Cells Mol Dis 2011; 46:261-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides are so-called intracellular second messenger molecules used by all cells to transform environmental signals into an appropriate response. Interest in the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP in malaria parasites followed early observations that both molecules might be involved in distinct differentiation events within the sexual phase of the life cycle that is required for transmission of parasites to the mosquito vector. Completed genome sequences combined with biochemical and genetic studies have confirmed the presence of the main enzymatic components of cyclic nucleotide signalling in the parasite. Dissection of their functions is underway and is giving initial insights into some of the cellular processes, which are regulated by these signalling pathways. Malaria parasites occupy terminally differentiated red blood cells for a significant proportion of their life cycle, but although there is some evidence of potential roles for the residual host cell signalling machinery in parasite development, details are few. A major gap in our knowledge is the nature of the cell surface receptors, which might trigger cyclic nucleotide signalling in the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Baker
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
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12
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Glogowska E, Dyrda A, Cueff A, Bouyer G, Egée S, Bennekou P, Thomas SLY. Anion conductance of the human red cell is carried by a maxi-anion channel. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2010; 44:243-51. [PMID: 20226698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the anion transport through the human red cell membrane has been perceived to be mediated by Band 3, in the two-component concept with the large electroneutral anion exchange accompanied by the conductance proper, which dominated the total membrane conductance. The status of anion channels proper has never been clarified, and the informations obtained by different groups of electrophysiologists are rather badly matched. This study, using the cell-attached configuration of the patch-clamp technique, rationalizes and explains earlier confusing results by demonstrating that the diversity of anionic channel activities recorded in human erythrocytes corresponds to different kinetic modalities of a unique type of maxi-anion channel with multiple conductance levels and probably multiple gating properties and pharmacology, depending on conditions. It demonstrates the role of activator played by serum in the recruitment of multiple new conductance levels showing very complex kinetics and gating properties upon serum addition. These channels, which seem to be dormant under normal physiological conditions, are potentially activable and could confer a far higher anion conductance to the red cell than the ground leak mediated by Band 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Glogowska
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris6, UMR 7150, Station Biologique, B. P. 74, 29682 Roscoff cedex, France
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13
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Dyrda A, Cytlak U, Ciuraszkiewicz A, Lipinska A, Cueff A, Bouyer G, Egée S, Bennekou P, Lew VL, Thomas SLY. Local membrane deformations activate Ca2+-dependent K+ and anionic currents in intact human red blood cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9447. [PMID: 20195477 PMCID: PMC2829085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanical, rheological and shape properties of red blood cells are determined by their cortical cytoskeleton, evolutionarily optimized to provide the dynamic deformability required for flow through capillaries much narrower than the cell's diameter. The shear stress induced by such flow, as well as the local membrane deformations generated in certain pathological conditions, such as sickle cell anemia, have been shown to increase membrane permeability, based largely on experimentation with red cell suspensions. We attempted here the first measurements of membrane currents activated by a local and controlled membrane deformation in single red blood cells under on-cell patch clamp to define the nature of the stretch-activated currents. Methodology/Principal Findings The cell-attached configuration of the patch-clamp technique was used to allow recordings of single channel activity in intact red blood cells. Gigaohm seal formation was obtained with and without membrane deformation. Deformation was induced by the application of a negative pressure pulse of 10 mmHg for less than 5 s. Currents were only detected when the membrane was seen domed under negative pressure within the patch-pipette. K+ and Cl− currents were strictly dependent on the presence of Ca2+. The Ca2+-dependent currents were transient, with typical decay half-times of about 5–10 min, suggesting the spontaneous inactivation of a stretch-activated Ca2+ permeability (PCa). These results indicate that local membrane deformations can transiently activate a Ca2+ permeability pathway leading to increased [Ca2+]i, secondary activation of Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels (Gardos channel, IK1, KCa3.1), and hyperpolarization-induced anion currents. Conclusions/Significance The stretch-activated transient PCa observed here under local membrane deformation is a likely contributor to the Ca2+-mediated effects observed during the normal aging process of red blood cells, and to the increased Ca2+ content of red cells in certain hereditary anemias such as thalassemia and sickle cell anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dyrda
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris6, UMR 7150, Roscoff, France
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Garcia JI, Seabra AB, Kennedy R, English AM. Nitrite and nitroglycerin induce rapid release of the vasodilator ATP from erythrocytes: Relevance to the chemical physiology of local vasodilation. J Inorg Biochem 2009; 104:289-96. [PMID: 20074809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP released from circulating erythrocytes induces vasodilation by stimulating receptor-mediated endothelium NO/EDRF (endothelium-derived relaxing factor) production. We report that pre-stimulation of freshly isolated human erythrocytes with physiological nitrite (100 nM NO(2)(-)) or pharmacological nitroglycerin (10microM) concentrations resulted in >200% spike in ATP release, which was detected on resuspending the cells in fresh medium. The observed response was instantaneous following NO(2)(-) pre-stimulation but a delay of approximately 20 s followed nitroglycerin pre-stimulation, reflecting the time required for prodrug activation within the erythrocyte to its vasoactive metabolites, NO(2)(-) and NO. The data provided here are consistent with ATP being a conveyor of a NO-induced vasodilatory signal from the erythrocyte to the endothelium. Extended erythrocyte pre-stimulation with the NO donors resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in extracellular ATP, which would attenuate the signal in intact vessels to prevent excessive vasodilation. Importantly, our study constitutes the first report of enhanced vasodilator (ATP) release following human erythrocyte pre-stimulation by an endogenous (NO(2)(-)) or pharmacological (nitroglycerin) NO donor. The relevance of our findings to the therapeutic effects of nitroglycerin as well as to nitrate tolerance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana I Garcia
- Concordia University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, Canada H4B 1R6
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15
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Pantaleo A, De Franceschi L, Ferru E, Vono R, Turrini F. Current knowledge about the functional roles of phosphorylative changes of membrane proteins in normal and diseased red cells. J Proteomics 2009; 73:445-55. [PMID: 19758581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of proteomic techniques the number of known post-translational modifications (PTMs) affecting red cell membrane proteins is rapidly growing but the understanding of their role under physiological and pathological conditions is incompletely established. The wide range of hereditary diseases affecting different red cell membrane functions and the membrane modifications induced by malaria parasite intracellular growth represent a unique opportunity to study PTMs in response to variable cellular stresses. In the present review, some of the major areas of interest in red cell membrane research have been considered as modifications of erythrocyte deformability and maintenance of the surface area, membrane transport alterations, and removal of diseased and senescent red cells. In all mentioned research areas the functional roles of PTMs are prevalently restricted to the phosphorylative changes of the more abundant membrane proteins. The insufficient information about the PTMs occurring in a large majority of the red membrane proteins and the general lack of mass spectrometry data evidence the need of new comprehensive, proteomic approaches to improve the understanding of the red cell membrane physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Pantaleo
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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16
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Wu Y, Nelson MM, Quaile A, Xia D, Wastling JM, Craig A. Identification of phosphorylated proteins in erythrocytes infected by the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J 2009; 8:105. [PMID: 19450262 PMCID: PMC2696463 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-8-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous comparative proteomic analysis on Plasmodium falciparum isolates of different adhesion properties suggested that protein phosphorylation varies between isolates with different cytoadherence properties. But the extent and dynamic changes in phosphorylation have not been systematically studied. As a baseline for these future studies, this paper examined changes in the phosphoproteome of parasitized red blood cells (pRBC). METHODS Metabolic labelling with [35S] methionine on pRBC and 2D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) has previously been used to show the expression of parasite proteins and changes in protein iso-electric point (PI). 2-DE of different parasite strains was combined with immunoblotting using monoclonal antibodies specifically to phosphorylated serine/threonine and tyrosine, to obtain the phosphorylation profiles throughout the erythrocytic lifecycle. Affinity chromatography was used to purify/enrich phosphorylated proteins and these proteins from mature trophozoite stages which were identified using high-accuracy mass spectrometry and MASCOT search. RESULTS 2D-immunoblots showed that P. falciparum infection greatly increased phosphorylation of a set of proteins in pRBC, the dominant size classes for phosphorylated tyrosine proteins were 95, 60, 50 and 30 kDa and for phosphorylated serine/threonine were 120, 95, 60, 50, 43, 40 and 30 kDa. The most abundant molecules from 2D-gel mapping of phosphorylated proteins in ItG infected RBCs were identified by MALDI-TOF. A proteomic overview of phosphorylated proteins in pRBC was achieved by using complementary phosphorylated protein enrichment techniques combined with nano-flow LC/MS/MS analysis and MASCOT MS/MS ions search with phosphorylation as variable modifications. The definite phosphoproteins of pRBC are reported and discussed. CONCLUSION Protein phosphorylation is a major process in P. falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes. Preliminary screens identified 170 P. falciparum proteins and 77 human proteins as phosphorylated protein in pRBC, while only 48 human proteins were identified in the corresponding fractions from uninfected RBC. Refinement of the search to include significant ion scores indicating a specific phospho-peptide identified 21 P. falciparum proteins and 14 human proteins from pRBC, 13 host proteins were identified from normal RBC. The results achieved by complementary techniques consistently reflect a reliable proteomic overview of pRBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Morag M Nelson
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK
| | - Andrew Quaile
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK
| | - Dong Xia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK
| | - Jonathan M Wastling
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK
| | - Alister Craig
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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17
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Scambi C, De Franceschi L, Guarini P, Poli F, Siciliano A, Pattini P, Biondani A, La Verde V, Bortolami O, Turrini F, Carta F, D'Orazio C, Assael BM, Faccini G, Bambara LM. Preliminary evidence for cell membrane amelioration in children with cystic fibrosis by 5-MTHF and vitamin B12 supplementation: a single arm trial. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4782. [PMID: 19277125 PMCID: PMC2652076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common fatal autosomal recessive disorders in the Caucasian population caused by mutations of gene for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). New experimental therapeutic strategies for CF propose a diet supplementation to affect the plasma membrane fluidity and to modulate amplified inflammatory response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and vitamin B12 supplementation for ameliorating cell plasma membrane features in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Methodology and Principal Findings A single arm trial was conducted from April 2004 to March 2006 in an Italian CF care centre. 31 children with CF aged from 3 to 8 years old were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were diabetes, chronic infections of the airways and regular antibiotics intake. Children with CF were supplemented for 24 weeks with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF, 7.5 mg /day) and vitamin B12 (0.5 mg/day). Red blood cells (RBCs) were used to investigate plasma membrane, since RBCs share lipid, protein composition and organization with other cell types. We evaluated RBCs membrane lipid composition, membrane protein oxidative damage, cation content, cation transport pathways, plasma and RBCs folate levels and plasma homocysteine levels at baseline and after 24 weeks of 5-MTHF and vitamin B12 supplementation. In CF children, 5-MTHF and vitamin B12 supplementation (i) increased plasma and RBC folate levels; (ii) decreased plasma homocysteine levels; (iii) modified RBC membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition; (iv) increased RBC K+ content; (v) reduced RBC membrane oxidative damage and HSP70 membrane association. Conclusion and Significance 5-MTHF and vitamin B12 supplementation might ameliorate RBC membrane features of children with CF. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00730509
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Scambi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Rheumatology & Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Merckx A, Bouyer G, Thomas SLY, Langsley G, Egée S. Anion channels in Plasmodium-falciparum-infected erythrocytes and protein kinase A. Trends Parasitol 2009; 25:139-44. [PMID: 19200784 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
By replicating within red blood cells, malaria parasites are largely hidden from immune recognition; however, in the cells, nutrients are limiting and hazardous metabolic end products can rapidly accumulate. Therefore, to survive within erythrocytes, parasites alter the permeability of the host plasma membrane, either by upregulating existing transporters or by creating new permeation pathways. Recent electrophysiological studies of Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes have demonstrated that membrane permeability is mediated by transmembrane transport through ion channels in the infected erythrocyte. This article discusses the evidence and controversies concerning the nature of these channels and surveys the potential role of phosphorylation in activating anion channels that could be important in developing novel strategies for future malarial chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Merckx
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U567, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
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19
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Huber SM, Lang C, Lang F, Duranton C. Organic osmolyte channels in malaria-infected erythrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 376:514-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Akkaya C, Shumilina E, Bobballa D, Brand VB, Mahmud H, Lang F, Huber SM. The Plasmodium falciparum-induced anion channel of human erythrocytes is an ATP-release pathway. Pflugers Arch 2008; 457:1035-47. [PMID: 18696103 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-008-0572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum induces osmolyte and anion channels in the host erythrocyte membrane involving ATP release and autocrine purinergic signaling. P. falciparum-parasitized but not unstimulated uninfected erythrocytes released ATP in a 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB; 7 microM)-sensitive and serum album (SA; 0.5% w/v)-stimulated manner. Since Plasmodium infection of human erythrocytes induces SA-dependent outwardly (OR) and SA-independent inwardly rectifying (IR) anion conductances, we tested whether the infection-induced OR channels directly generate an ATP release pathway. P. falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes were recorded in whole-cell mode with either Cl(-) or ATP as the only anion in the bath or pipette. In parasitized cells with predominant OR activity, replacement of bath NaCl by Na-ATP (NMDG-Cl pipette solution) shifted the current reversal potential (V (rev)) from -2 +/- 1 to +51 +/- 3 mV (n = 15). In cells with predominant IR activity, in contrast, the same maneuver induced a shift of V (rev) to significantly larger (p < or = 0.05, two-tailed t test) values (from -3 +/- 1 to +66 +/- 8 mV; n = 5) and an almost complete inhibition of outward current. The anion channel blocker NPPB reversibly decreased the ATP-generated OR currents from 1.1 +/- 0.1 nS to 0.2 +/- 0.05 nS and further shifted V (rev) to +87 +/- 7 mV (n = 12). The NPPB-sensitive fraction of the OR reversed at +48 +/- 4 mV suggesting a relative permeability of P (ATP)/P (Cl) approximately 0.01. Together, these data raise the possibility that the OR might be the electrophysiological correlate of an erythrocyte ATP release pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Akkaya
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Cystic fibrosis as a bowel cancer syndrome and the potential role of CK2. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 316:169-75. [PMID: 18604476 PMCID: PMC2629510 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chloride is critical in creating differential pH values inside various organelles (Golgi for example) by linking ATP hydrolysis to trans-bilayer proton movement. This proton-ATPase drives anions such as chloride through unrelated channels in the endosomal/organellar bilayer thus loading HCl into different lipid-encased cellular compartments. Critically, intraorganellar pH (and ion channel content/activities) differs during different phases of the cell cycle. The cystic fibrosis (CF) chloride channel protein CFTR is a member of the ABC family (ABCC7) and resides in many endosomal membranes trafficking to the epithelial surface and back again. Recently, it has become clear that human CF has an unusually high incidence of cancer in the bowel with correspondingly elevated gut epithelial proliferation rates observed in CF mice. In this review, emphasis is placed on CK2 & CF because CK2 controls not only proliferation but also four different members of the ABC superfamily including the multi-drug resistance protein P-glycoprotein and CFTR itself. In addition, CK2 also regulates a critical cancer-relevant and CFTR-regulated cation channel (ENaC) that mediates the cellular accumulation of sodium ions within epithelia such as the colon and lung. Not only are ENaC and CFTR both abnormal in CF cells, but ENaC also ‘carries’ CK2 to the cell membrane in oocytes, only provided its two target phosphosites are intact. CK2 may be a critical regulator of cell proliferation in conjunction with regulation of ion channels such as CFTR, other ABC members and the cation channel ENaC. The emerging idea is that CFTR may control membrane-CK2 as much as membrane-CK2 controls CFTR.
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Merckx A, Nivez MP, Bouyer G, Alano P, Langsley G, Deitsch K, Thomas S, Doerig C, Egée S. Plasmodium falciparum regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent PKA and anion channel conductance. PLoS Pathog 2008; 4:e19. [PMID: 18248092 PMCID: PMC2222956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0040019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria symptoms occur during Plasmodium falciparum development into red blood cells. During this process, the parasites make substantial modifications to the host cell in order to facilitate nutrient uptake and aid in parasite metabolism. One significant alteration that is required for parasite development is the establishment of an anion channel, as part of the establishment of New Permeation Pathways (NPPs) in the red blood cell plasma membrane, and we have shown previously that one channel can be activated in uninfected cells by exogenous protein kinase A. Here, we present evidence that in P. falciparum-infected red blood cells, a cAMP pathway modulates anion conductance of the erythrocyte membrane. In patch-clamp experiments on infected erythrocytes, addition of recombinant PfPKA-R to the pipette in vitro, or overexpression of PfPKA-R in transgenic parasites lead to down-regulation of anion conductance. Moreover, this overexpressing PfPKA-R strain has a growth defect that can be restored by increasing the levels of intracellular cAMP. Our data demonstrate that the anion channel is indeed regulated by a cAMP-dependent pathway in P. falciparum-infected red blood cells. The discovery of a parasite regulatory pathway responsible for modulating anion channel activity in the membranes of P. falciparum-infected red blood cells represents an important insight into how parasites modify host cell permeation pathways. These findings may also provide an avenue for the development of new intervention strategies targeting this important anion channel and its regulation. By replicating within red blood cells malaria parasites are largely hidden from immune recognition, but within mature erythrocytes nutrients are limiting and accumulation of potentially hazardous metabolic end products can rapidly become critical. In order to survive within red blood cells malaria parasites, therefore, alter the permeability of the erythrocyte plasma membrane either by up-regulating existing carriers, or by creating new permeation pathways. Recent electrophysiological studies of Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes have demonstrated that these changes reflect trans-membrane transport through ion channels in the infected erythrocyte plasma membrane. Protein phosphorylation has been documented in protozoan parasites for a number of years and is implicated in key processes of both parasites and parasitized host cells. It has been established that cAMP-dependent regulated pathways are able to activate ion channels in the red cell membrane and a better understanding of how the parasite manipulates cAMP-dependent signaling to activate anion channels could be important in developing novel strategies for future anti-malarial chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Merckx
- INSERM U609, Wellcome Center for Molecular Parasitology, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U567, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
| | - Marie-Paule Nivez
- INSERM U609, Wellcome Center for Molecular Parasitology, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Bouyer
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie – CNRS UMR 7150, Roscoff, France
| | | | - Gordon Langsley
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U567, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
| | - Kirk Deitsch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Serge Thomas
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie – CNRS UMR 7150, Roscoff, France
| | - Christian Doerig
- INSERM U609, Wellcome Center for Molecular Parasitology, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane Egée
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie – CNRS UMR 7150, Roscoff, France
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Alper SL, Vandorpe DH, Peters LL, Brugnara C. Reduced DIDS-sensitive chloride conductance in Ae1-/- mouse erythrocytes. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2008; 41:22-34. [PMID: 18329299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The resting membrane potential of the human erythrocyte is largely determined by a constitutive Cl(-) conductance approximately 100-fold greater than the resting cation conductance. The 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS)-sensitive electroneutral Cl(-) transport mediated by the human erythroid Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger, AE1 (SLC4A1, band 3) is >10,000-fold greater than can be accounted for by the Cl(-) conductance of the red cell. The molecular identities of conductive anion pathways across the red cell membrane remain poorly defined. We have examined red cell Cl(-) conductance in the Ae1(-/-) mouse as a genetic test of the hypothesis that Ae1 mediates DIDS-sensitive Cl(-) conductance in mouse red cells. We report here that wildtype mouse red cell membrane potential resembles that of human red cells in the predominance of its Cl(-) conductance. We show with four technical approaches that the DIDS-sensitive component of erythroid Cl(-) conductance is reduced or absent from Ae1(-/-) red cells. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the Ae1 anion exchanger polypeptide can operate infrequently in a conductive mode. However, the fragile red cell membrane of the Ae1(-/-) mouse red cell exhibits reduced abundance or loss of multiple polypeptides. Thus, loss of one or more distinct, DIDS-sensitive anion channel polypeptide(s) from the Ae1(-/-) red cell membrane cannot be ruled out as an explanation for the reduced DIDS-sensitive anion conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth L Alper
- Molecular and Vascular Medicine Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Bouyer G, Egée S, Thomas SLY. Toward a unifying model of malaria-induced channel activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:11044-9. [PMID: 17576926 PMCID: PMC1904111 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0704582104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of RBC by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum activates, at the trophozoite stage, a membrane current 100- to 150-fold larger than in uninfected RBC. This current is carried by small anion channels initially described in supraphysiological ion concentrations (1.115 M Cl(-)) and named plasmodial surface anion channels (PSAC), suggesting their plasmodial origin. Our results obtained with physiological ion concentrations (0.145 M Cl(-)) support the notion that the parasite-induced channels represent enhanced activity versions of anion channels already present in uninfected RBCs. Among them, an 18-pS inwardly rectifying anion channel (IRC) and a 4- to 5-pS small conductance anion channel (SCC) were present in most single-channel recordings of infected membranes. The aim of this study was to clarify disparities in the reported electrophysiological data and to investigate possible technical reasons why these discrepancies have arisen. We demonstrate that PSAC is the supraphysiological correlate of the SCC and is inhibited by Zn(2+), suggesting that it is a ClC-2 channel. We show that in physiological solutions 80% of the membrane conductance in infected cells can be accounted for by IRC and 20% can be accounted for by SCC whereas in supraphysiological conditions the membrane conductance is almost exclusively carried by SCC (PSAC) because the IRC is functionally turned off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bouyer
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology of Erythrocytes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7150, Station Biologique, B.P. 74, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Egée
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology of Erythrocytes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7150, Station Biologique, B.P. 74, 29682 Roscoff Cedex, France
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