1
|
Prevalence and risk factors of cognitive impairment in children with sickle cell disease in Egypt. Int J Hematol 2021; 115:399-405. [PMID: 34792734 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about cognitive impairment in patients with sickle cell disease in Africa. This study aimed to assess cognitive impairment and identify possible risk factors in patients with sickle cell disease in Egypt. This study was conducted at Cairo University Children Hospital. Patients with sickle cell disease, between ages of 6-20 years were enrolled. Cognitive ability was tested using the Stanford Binet intelligence quotient (IQ) test, fourth edition. Transcranial Doppler, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography of the brain were performed within a week of the IQ test. Among the 40 enrolled patients, 55% had a Full Scale IQ at least 1 standard deviation below the mean, and 27.5% had an IQ 2 standard deviations below the mean. High lactate dehydrogenase was significantly associated with low IQ (p = 0.004). In univariate analyses, IQ was significantly correlated with older age (p = 0.025), high lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.008) and older age at the start of hydroxyurea (p = 0.025). Impaired cognition is prevalent among sickle cell disease patients. Early initiation of hydroxyurea therapy, which should also reduce hemolysis and lactate dehydrogenase, may be a simple measure to preserve mental abilities in these patients.
Collapse
|
2
|
Venkatesan V, Srinivasan S, Babu P, Thangavel S. Manipulation of Developmental Gamma-Globin Gene Expression: an Approach for Healing Hemoglobinopathies. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 41:e00253-20. [PMID: 33077498 PMCID: PMC7849396 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00253-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Hemoglobinopathies are the most common monogenic disorders, and a century of research has provided us with a better understanding of the attributes of these diseases. Allogenic stem cell transplantation was the only potentially curative option available for these diseases until the discovery of gene therapy. The findings on the protective nature of fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia patients carrying hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) mutations has given us the best evidence that the cure for β-hemoglobinopathies remains hidden in the hemoglobin locus. The detailed understanding of the developmental gene regulation of gamma-globin (γ-globin) and the emergence of gene manipulation strategies offer us the opportunity for developing a γ-globin gene-modified autologous stem cell transplantation therapy. In this review, we summarize different therapeutic strategies that reactivate fetal hemoglobin for the gene therapy of β-hemoglobinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vigneshwaran Venkatesan
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Saranya Srinivasan
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prathibha Babu
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Saravanabhavan Thangavel
- Centre for Stem Cell Research (CSCR), InStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo L, Chen J, Wang Q, Zhang J, Huang W. Oridonin enhances γ‑globin expression in erythroid precursors from patients with β‑thalassemia via activation of p38 MAPK signaling. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:909-917. [PMID: 31789406 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of fetal hemoglobin expression can alleviate the severity of β‑thalassaemia. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Oridonin (ORI, a diterpenoid compound) on γ‑globin expression in human erythroid precursor cells and the potential underlying mechanisms. Erythroid precursor cells were enriched from 12 patients with β‑thalassaemia by two‑phase culture. The cells were then treated with different doses of ORI and the survival of erythroid precursor cells was determined. In addition, the expression levels of γ‑globin and potential mechanisms were analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, western blotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Treatment with 0.5 µM ORI preferably enhanced γ‑globin expression and exhibited little cytotoxicity. Similar to sodium butyrate (NaB, a histone deacetylase inhibitor), ORI significantly increased p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, γ‑globin expression, histone H3 and H4 acetylation at the Gγ‑ and Aγ‑globin promoters, and cAMP‑response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) phosphorylation. These effects were significantly mitigated by treatment with SB23580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, in erythroid precursor cells. Therefore, ORI may effectively enhance γ‑globin expression by activating p38 MAPK and CREB1, leading to histone modification in γ‑globin gene promoters during the maturation of erythroid precursor cells. These findings suggested that ORI may be a novel and potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of β‑thalassaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Guo
- Department of Neonatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Pediatric Clinics of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Qianying Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Management of Children With β-Thalassemia Intermedia: Overview, Recent Advances, and Treatment Challenges. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018; 40:253-268. [PMID: 29629992 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Our knowledge of the various clinical morbidities that thalassemia intermedia (TI) patients endure has substantially increased over the past decade. It is mandatory to grasp a solid understanding of disease-specific complications in order to tailor management. The optimal course of management for TI patients has been hard to identify, and several controversies remain with regard to the best treatment plan. Although advances in TI are moving at a fast pace, many complications remain with no treatment guidelines. Studies that expand our understanding of the mechanisms and risk factors, as well as clinical trials evaluating the roles of available treatments, will help establish management guidelines that improve patient care. Novel therapeutic modalities are now emerging. This article focuses on the management of children with β-TI. We present various clinical morbidities and their association with the underlying disease pathophysiology and risk factors. All therapeutic options, recent advances, and treatment challenges were reviewed.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chonat S, Quinn CT. Current Standards of Care and Long Term Outcomes for Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1013:59-87. [PMID: 29127677 PMCID: PMC5720159 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7299-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) are disorders of hemoglobin that affect millions of people worldwide. The carrier states for these diseases arose as common, balanced polymorphisms during human history because they afforded protection against severe forms of malaria. These complex, multisystem diseases are reviewed here with a focus on current standards of clinical management and recent research findings. The importance of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary and lifelong system of care is also emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Chonat
- Emory University School of Medicine and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Charles T Quinn
- Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Izumikawa K, Yoshikawa H, Ishikawa H, Nobe Y, Yamauchi Y, Philipsen S, Simpson RJ, Isobe T, Takahashi N. Chtop (Chromatin target of Prmt1) auto-regulates its expression level via intron retention and nonsense-mediated decay of its own mRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:9847-9859. [PMID: 27683223 PMCID: PMC5175361 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chtop (chromatin target of Prmt1) regulates various aspects of gene expression including transcription and mRNA export. Despite these important functions, the regulatory mechanism underlying Chtop expression remains undetermined. Using Chtop-expressing human cell lines, we demonstrate that Chtop expression is controlled via an autoregulatory negative feedback loop whereby Chtop binds its own mRNA to retain intron 2 during splicing; a premature termination codon present at the 5′ end of intron 2 leads to nonsense-mediated decay of the mRNA. We also show that Chtop interacts with exon 2 of Chtop mRNA via its arginine-glycine-rich (RG) domain, and with intron 2 via its N-terminal (N1) domain; both are required for retention of intron 2. In addition, we show that hnRNP H accelerates intron 2 splicing of Chtop mRNA in a manner dependent on Chtop expression level, suggesting that Chtop and hnRNP H regulate intron 2 retention of Chtop mRNA antagonistically. Thus, the present study provides a novel molecular mechanism by which mRNA and protein levels are constitutively regulated by intron retention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Izumikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, United Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Sanbancho 5, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.,Global Innovation Research Organizations, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Harunori Yoshikawa
- Centre for Gene Regulation & Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Hideaki Ishikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, United Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Sanbancho 5, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Yuko Nobe
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Sanbancho 5, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamauchi
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Sanbancho 5, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Sjaak Philipsen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Global Innovation Research Organizations, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS) LIMS Building 1, Room 412 La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Toshiaki Isobe
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Sanbancho 5, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, United Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Sanbancho 5, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.,Global Innovation Research Organizations, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saki N, Abroun S, Soleimani M, Kavianpour M, Shahjahani M, Mohammadi-Asl J, Hajizamani S. MicroRNA Expression in β-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease: A Role in The Induction of Fetal Hemoglobin. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 17:583-92. [PMID: 26862517 PMCID: PMC4746408 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Today the regulatory role of microRNAs (miRs) is well characterized in many diverse cel-
lular processes. MiR-based regulation is categorized under epigenetic regulatory mecha-
nisms. These small non-coding RNAs participate in producing and maturing erythrocytes,
expressing hematopoietic factors and regulating expression of globin genes by post-tran-
scriptional gene silencing. The changes in expression of miRs (miR-144/-320/-451/-503)
in thalassemic/sickle cells compared with normal erythrocytes may cause clinical severity.
According to the suppressive effects of certain miRs (miR-15a/-16-1/-23a/-26b/-27a/-451)
on a number of transcription factors [myeloblastosis oncogene (MYB), B-cell lymphoma
11A (BCL11A), GATA1, Krüppel-like factor 3 (KLF3) and specificity protein 1 (Sp1)] during
β globin gene expression, It has been possible to increasing γ globin gene expression
and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production. Therefore, this strategy can be used as a novel
therapy in infusing HbF and improving clinical complications of patients with hemoglobi-
nopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeid Abroun
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Kavianpour
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahjahani
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadi-Asl
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeideh Hajizamani
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jalali Far MA, Dehghani Fard A, Hajizamani S, Mossahebi-Mohammadi M, Yaghooti H, Saki N. Thalidomide is more efficient than sodium butyrate in enhancing GATA-1 and EKLF gene expression in erythroid progenitors derived from HSCs with β-globin gene mutation. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2016; 10:37-41. [PMID: 27047649 PMCID: PMC4818787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is considered as an effective therapeutic approach in beta thalassemia. HbF inducer agents can induce the expression of γ-globin gene and produce high levels of HbF via different epigenetic and molecular mechanisms. Thalidomide and sodium butyrate are known as HbF inducer drugs. MATERIAL AND METHODS CD133(+) stem cells were isolated from umbilical cord blood of a newborn with minor β-thalassemia in order to evaluate the effects of these two drugs on the in vitro expression of GATA-1 and EKLF genes as erythroid transcription factors. CD133(+) stem cells were expanded and differentiated into erythroid lineage and then treated with thalidomide and sodium butyrate and finally analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using student's t-test by SPSS software. RESULTS Thalidomide and sodium butyrate increased GATA-1 and EKLF gene expression, compared to the non-treated control (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Thalidomide was more efficient than sodium butyrate in augmenting expression of GATA-1 and EKLF genes. It seems that GATA-1 and EKLF have crucial roles in the efficient induction of HbF by thalidomide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Jalali Far
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Dehghani Fard
- Sarem Cell Research Center-SCRC, Sarem Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Hajizamani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Yaghooti
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saliba AN, Alameddine RS, Harb AR, Taher AT. Globin gene regulation for treating β-thalassemias: progress, obstacles and future. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1074071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
10
|
Erythroid differentiation ability of butyric acid analogues: identification of basal chemical structures of new inducers of foetal haemoglobin. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 752:84-91. [PMID: 25701725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several investigations have demonstrated a mild clinical status in patients with β-globin disorders and congenital high persistence of foetal haemoglobin. This can be mimicked by a pharmacological increase of foetal γ-globin genes expression and foetal haemoglobin production. Our goal was to apply a multistep assay including few screening methods (benzidine staining, RT-PCR and HPLC analyses) and erythroid cellular model systems (the K562 cell line and erythroid precursors collected from peripheral blood) to select erythroid differentiation agents with foetal haemoglobin inducing potential. With this methodology, we have identified a butyric acid derivative, namely the 4174 cyclopropanecarboxylic acid compound, able to induce erythroid differentiation without antiproliferative effect in K562 cells and increase of γ-globin gene expression in erythroid precursor cells. The results are relevant for pharmacological treatments of haemoglobinopathies, including β-thalassaemia and sickle cell anaemia.
Collapse
|
11
|
Shome DK, Al Ajmi A, Radhi AA, Mansoor EJ, Majed KS. The Effect of Hydroxyurea Therapy in Bahraini Sickle Cell Disease Patients. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2015; 32:104-9. [PMID: 26855516 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-015-0529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) is used as a disease-modifying agent in sickle cell disease (SCD). Its beneficial effects have been ascribed to inhibition of the sickling process through increase of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels and influence on multiple factors affecting adhesion of erythrocytes to vascular endothelium. The present study investigates the effect of HU in SCD patients who were grouped on the basis of association with α- and β-thalassemia using routine laboratory methods. A retrospective cross-sectional chart-review was done of 51 adult Bahraini SCD patients attending Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain. Four sub-groups of cases were identified: (i) homozygous sickle cell anemia, 24 cases; (ii) SCD with microcytosis, 16 cases; (iii) sickle α-thalassemia, seven cases; and (iv) sickle β thalassemia, four cases. Documented laboratory and clinical data included hemoglobin level (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), red cell indices, hemoglobin fractions, hospital admissions (frequency), number of inpatient-days, pain episodes (frequency) and red cell transfusion requirement (number of units). Pre- and post-treatment data were compared. Hydroxyurea treatment led to highly significant reduction of HbS % and pain crisis episodes in all patient groups. Other changes such as increases of total hemoglobin, Hct and HbF and reduction of hospital admissions, inpatient days and red cell units transfused also occurred but with less consistent levels of significance within patient sub-groups. Treatment with HU is beneficial for all subgroups of Bahraini SCD patients, without or with α- and β-thalassemia interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durjoy K Shome
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain ; Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, P.O. Box 12, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Abdulla Al Ajmi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, P.O. Box 12, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ameera A Radhi
- Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, P.O. Box 12, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Eman J Mansoor
- Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, P.O. Box 12, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Kameela S Majed
- Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, P.O. Box 12, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Duan H, Wang X, Wang Y, Li J, Luo C. Bioreceptor multi-walled carbon nanotubes@Fe3O4@SiO2–surface molecular imprinted polymer in an ultrasensitive chemiluminescent biosensor for bovine hemoglobin. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15520g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly selective and ultrasensitive chemiluminescent biosensor, based on a bioreceptor surface molecular imprinted polymer using core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2–multi-walled carbon nanotube nanostructures as the backbone material, for bovine hemoglobin (BHb) detection was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Xiaojiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| | - Chuannan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong (University of Jinan)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan 250022
- China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bayanzay K, Khan R. Meta-analysis on effectiveness of hydroxyurea to treat transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:469-476. [PMID: 25535888 DOI: 10.1179/1607845414y.0000000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the efficacy of hydroxyurea therapy on transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia patients. Methods This study collected articles from databases, applied inclusion and exclusion criteria, and analyzed them for bias. The effects of hydroxyurea on transfusion requirements were categorized according to the following definitions. 'Good responders' were participants who became transfusion independent after treatment. 'Moderate responders' were participants who were still transfusion dependent, however, experienced a significant decline in their transfusion requirements. 'Poor responders' were defined as participants who did not respond to hydroxyurea. Results A total of 13 studies met all the inclusion and exclusion criteria providing a total of 1196 study participants. The weighted average of the odds ratio using the random effect model (P < 0.001) was determined to be 0.493 for good responders, 0.270 for moderate responders, and 0.229 for poor responders. Discussion Until now, there has not been any double-blinded placebo-controlled studies performed looking at the effectiveness of hydroxyurea with this regard, and this substantially limits this meta-analysis. More studies should be conducted to determine whether hydroxyurea preferentially treats particular type of mutations over others. Conclusion This study suggests that hydroxyurea provides some benefit to patients, and therefore, in certain clinical situations, it may be understandable to start a trial therapy of hydroxyurea to qualifying patients. However, a double-blinded placebo-controlled studies should be performed before its efficacy can be considered established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramsha Khan
- b Gulf Medical University , Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Clinical experience with fetal hemoglobin induction therapy in patients with β-thalassemia. Blood 2013; 121:2199-212; quiz 2372. [PMID: 23315167 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-10-408021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent molecular studies of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) regulation have reinvigorated the field and shown promise for the development of clinical HbF inducers to be used in patients with β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. However, while numerous promising inducers of HbF have been studied in the past in β-thalassemia patient populations, with limited success in some cases, no universally effective agents have been found. Here we examine the clinical studies of such inducers in an attempt to systematically review the field. We examine trials of agents, including 5-azacytidine, hydroxyurea, and short-chain fatty acids. This review highlights the heterogeneity of clinical studies done on these agents, including both the patient populations examined and the study end points. By examining the published studies of these agents, we hope to provide a resource that will be valuable for the design of future studies of HbF inducers in β-thalassemia patient populations.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chan KSK, Xu J, Wardan H, McColl B, Orkin S, Vadolas J. Generation of a genomic reporter assay system for analysis of γ- and β-globin gene regulation. FASEB J 2012; 26:1736-44. [PMID: 22267339 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-199356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A greater understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that govern γ-globin expression in humans, especially the switching from γ- to β-globin, which occurs after birth, would help to identify new therapeutic targets for patients with β-hemoglobinopathy. To further elucidate the mechanisms involved in γ-globin expression, a novel fluorescent-based cellular reporter assay system was developed. Using homologous recombination, two reporter genes, DsRed and EGFP, were inserted into a 183-kb intact human β-globin locus under the control of (G)γ- or (A)γ-globin promoter and β-globin promoter, respectively. The modified constructs were stably transfected into adult murine erythroleukaemic (MEL) cells and human embryonic or fetal erythroleukemic (K562) cells, allowing for rapid and simultaneous analysis of fetal and adult globin gene expression according to their developmental stage-specific expression. To demonstrate the utility of this system, we performed RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of BCL11A in the presence or absence of known fetal hemoglobin inducers and demonstrated functional derepression of a γ-globin-linked reporter in an adult erythroid environment. Our results demonstrate that the cellular assay system represents a promising approach to perform genetic and functional genomic studies to identify and evaluate key factors associated with γ-globin gene suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasey S K Chan
- Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Role of stem cell factor in the reactivation of human fetal hemoglobin. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2009; 1:e2009009. [PMID: 21415991 PMCID: PMC3033162 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2009.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans the switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin (HbF → HbA) takes place in the perinatal and postnatal period, determining the progressive replacement of HbF with HbA synthesis (i.e., the relative HbF content in red blood cells decreases from 80–90% to <1%). In spite of more than twenty years of intensive investigations on this classic model, the molecular mechanisms regulating the Hb switching, as well as HbF synthesis in adults, has been only in part elucidated. In adult life, the residual HbF, restricted to F cell compartment, may be reactivated up to 10–20% of total Hb synthesis in various conditions associated with “stress erythropoiesis”: this reactivation represented until now an interesting model of partial Hb switch reverse with important therapeutic implications in patients with hemoglobinopathies, and particularly in β-thalassemia. In vitro and in vivo models have led to the identification of several chemical compounds able to reactivate HbF synthesis in adult erythroid cells. Although the impact of these HbF inducers, including hypomethylating agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors and hydroxyurea, was clear on the natural history of sickle cell anemia, the benefit on the clinical course of β-thalassemia was only limited: particularly, the toxicity and the modest increase in γ-globin reactivation indicated the need for improved agents able to induce higher levels of HbF. In the present review we describe the biologic properties of Stem Cell Factor (SCF), a cytokine sustaining the survival and proliferation of erythroid cells, that at pharmacological doses acts as a potent stimulator of HbF synthesis in adult erythroid cells.
Collapse
|