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Mishra S, Kumar A, Kim S, Su Y, Singh S, Sharma M, Almousa S, Rather HA, Jain H, Lee J, Furdui CM, Ahmad S, Ferrario CM, Punzi HA, Chuang CC, Wabitsch M, Kritchevsky SB, Register TC, Deep G. A Liquid Biopsy-Based Approach to Isolate and Characterize Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles from Blood. ACS NANO 2023; 17:10252-10268. [PMID: 37224410 PMCID: PMC10713009 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for multiple chronic diseases. Anthropometric and imaging approaches are primarily used to assess adiposity, and there is a dearth of techniques to determine the changes in adipose tissue (AT) at the molecular level. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel and less invasive source of biomarkers for various pathologies. Furthermore, the possibility of enriching cell or tissue-specific EVs from the biofluids based on their unique surface markers has led to classifying these vesicles as "liquid biopsies", offering valuable molecular information on hard-to-access tissues. Here, we isolated small EVs from AT (sEVAT) of lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, identified unique surface proteins on sEVAT by surface shaving followed by mass spectrometry, and developed a signature of five unique proteins. Using this signature, we pulled out sEVAT from the blood of mice and validated the specificity of isolated sEVAT by measuring the expression of adiponectin, 38 adipokines on an array, and several adipose tissue-related miRNAs. Furthermore, we provided evidence of sEV applicability in disease prediction by characterizing sEVAT from the blood of lean and DIO mice. Interestingly, sEVAT-DIO cargo showed a stronger pro-inflammatory effect on THP1 monocytes compared to sEVAT-Lean and a significant increase in obesity-associated miRNA expression. Equally important, sEVAT cargo revealed an obesity-associated aberrant amino acid metabolism that was subsequently validated in the corresponding AT. Lastly, we show a significant increase in inflammation-related molecules in sEVAT isolated from the blood of nondiabetic obese (>30 kg/m2) individuals. Overall, the present study offers a less-invasive approach to characterize AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mishra
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Susy Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Yixin Su
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Mitu Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Sameh Almousa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Hilal A Rather
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Heetanshi Jain
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Laboratory of Translational Hypertension, Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Carlos M Ferrario
- Laboratory of Translational Hypertension, Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Henry A Punzi
- Punzi Medical Center, Punzi Institute of Medicine, Carrollton, Texas 75006, United States
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States
| | - Chia-Chi Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm 89069, Germany
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Thomas C Register
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
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Prenylcysteine Oxidase 1 Is a Key Regulator of Adipogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030542. [PMID: 36978789 PMCID: PMC10045348 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of adipogenesis involves the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. Excessive adipogenesis promotes obesity, a condition that increasingly threatens global health and contributes to the rapid rise of obesity-related diseases. We have recently shown that prenylcysteine oxidase 1 (PCYOX1) is a regulator of atherosclerosis-disease mechanisms, which acts through mechanisms not exclusively related to its pro-oxidant activity. To address the role of PCYOX1 in the adipogenic process, we extended our previous observations confirming that Pcyox1−/−/Apoe−/− mice fed a high-fat diet for 8 or 12 weeks showed significantly lower body weight, when compared to Pcyox1+/+/Apoe−/− mice, due to an evident reduction in visceral adipose content. We herein assessed the role of PCYOX1 in adipogenesis. Here, we found that PCYOX1 is expressed in adipose tissue, and, independently from its pro-oxidant enzymatic activity, is critical for adipogenesis. Pcyox1 gene silencing completely prevented the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, by acting as an upstream regulator of several key players, such as FABP4, PPARγ, C/EBPα. Proteomic analysis, performed by quantitative label-free mass spectrometry, further strengthened the role of PCYOX1 in adipogenesis by expanding the list of its downstream targets. Finally, the absence of Pcyox1 reduces the inflammatory markers in adipose tissue. These findings render PCYOX1 a novel adipogenic factor with possible pathophysiological or therapeutic potential.
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Li HS, Kuang JY, Liu GJ, Wu WJ, Yin XL, Li HD, Wang L, Qin T, Zhang WC, Sun YY. Myostain is involved in ginsenoside Rb1-mediated anti-obesity. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1106-1115. [PMID: 35639355 PMCID: PMC9176416 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2074056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity, one of the major public health problems worldwide, has attracted increasing attention. Ginsenoside Rb1 is the most abundant active component of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey (Araliaceae) and is reported to have beneficial effects on obesity and diabetes. However, the mechanisms by which Rb1 regulates obesity remain to be explored. OBJECTIVE This paper intends to further explore the mechanism of Rb1 in regulating obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The C57BL/6 obese mice were divided into two groups: the control (CTR) and Rb1. The CTR group [intraperitoneally (ip) administered with saline] and the Rb1 group (ip administered with Rb1, 40 mg/kg/d) were treated daily for four weeks. In vitro, Rb1 (0, 10, 20, 40 μM) was added to differentiated C2C12 cells and Rb1 (0, 20, 40 μM) was added to 3T3-L1 cells. After 24 h, total RNA and protein from C2C12 cells and 3T3-L1 cells were used to detect myostatin (MSTN) and fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) expression. RESULTS Rb1 reduced the body weight and adipocyte size. Improved glucose tolerance and increased basic metabolic activity were also found in Rb1 treated mice. MSTN was downregulated in differentiated C2C12 cells, 3T3-L1 cells and adipose tissues upon Rb1 treatment. FNDC5 was increased after Rb1 treatment. However, MSTN overexpression attenuated Rb1-mediated decrease accumulation of lipid droplets in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS Rb1 may ameliorate obesity in part through the MSTN/FNDC5 signalling pathway. Our results showed that Rb1 can be used as an effective drug in the treatment of human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Shi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiang-Ying Kuang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gui-Jun Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei-Jie Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xian-Lun Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao-Dong Li
- Grade 2018, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Medicine (5 + 3), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Inhibitory Effect of Bacterial Lysates Extracted from Pediococcus acidilactici on the Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Pre-Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911614. [PMID: 36232912 PMCID: PMC9570163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics, including bacterial lysates, are considered alternatives to probiotics. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of bacterial lysates (BLs) extracted from Pediococcus acidilactici K10 (K10 BL) and P. acidilactici HW01 (HW01 BL) on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Both K10 and HW01 BLs significantly reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets and the amounts of cellular glycerides in 3T3-L1 cells (p < 0.05). However, another postbiotic molecule, peptidoglycan of P. acidilactici K10 and P. acidilactici HW01, moderately inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets, whereas heat-killed P. acidilactici did not effectively inhibit the lipid accumulation. The mRNA and protein levels of the transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, responsible for the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, were significantly inhibited by K10 BL and HW01 BL (p < 0.05). Both K10 and HW01 BLs decreased adipocyte-related molecules, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein and lipoprotein lipase, at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, both K10 and HW01 BLs also downregulated the mRNA expression of leptin, but not resistin. Taken together, these results suggest that P. acidilactici BLs mediate anti-adipogenic effects by inhibiting adipogenic-related transcription factors and their target molecules.
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Yamamoto H, Uramaru N, Kawashima A, Higuchi T. Carbonic anhydrase 3 increases during liver adipogenesis even in pre-obesity, and its inhibitors reduce liver adipose accumulation. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:827-834. [PMID: 35108454 PMCID: PMC8972057 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal lipid metabolism in the liver that occurs after high caloric intake is the main cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Differences between samples from healthy livers and livers from individuals with NAFLD indicate that changes in liver function occur during disease progression. Here, we examined changes in protein expression in a fatty liver model in the early stages of obesity to identify potential alterations in function. The proteins expressed in the liver tissue of pre‐obese rats were separated via SDS/PAGE and stained with Coomassie brilliant blue‐G250. Peptide mass fingerprinting indicated an increase in the expression of carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA3) relative to controls. Western blotting analysis confirmed the increase in CA3 expression, even in an early fat‐accumulation state in which excessive weight gain had not yet occurred. In human hepatoma HepG2 cells, fat accumulation induced with oleic acid also resulted in increased CA3 expression. When the cells were in a state of fat accumulation, treating them with the CA3 inhibitors acetazolamide (ACTZ) or 6‐ethoxyzolamide (ETZ) suppressed fat accumulation, but only ETZ somewhat reduced the fat‐induced upregulation of CA3 expression. Expression of CA3 was therefore upregulated in response to the consumption of a high‐fat diet, even in the absence of an increase in body weight. The suppression of CA3 activity by ACTZ or ETZ reduced fat accumulation in hepatocytes, suggesting that CA3 is involved in the development of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Department of Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Azusa Kawashima
- Department of Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Higuchi
- Department of Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
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Ryu AR, Kim YW, Lee MY. Chlorin e6-mediated photodynamic therapy modulates adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Park PJ, Kim ST. Caveolae-Associated Protein 3 (Cavin-3) Influences Adipogenesis via TACE-Mediated Pref-1 Shedding. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145000. [PMID: 32679831 PMCID: PMC7404391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal adipogenesis regulation is accompanied by a variety of metabolic dysfunctions and disorders. Caveolae play an important role in the regulation of fat production, modulated by caveolae-associated proteins (Cavin-1 to 4). Here, we investigated the role of Cavin-3 in lipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation, as the regulatory functions and roles of Cavin-3 in adipocytes are unknown. A Cavin-3 knockdown/overexpression stable cell line was established, and adipogenesis-related gene and protein expression changes were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Additionally, confocal immune-fluorescence microscopy was used to verify the intracellular position of the relevant factors. The results showed that Cavin-3 mRNA and protein expression were elevated, along with physiological factors such as lipid droplet formation, during adipogenesis. Cavin-3 silencing resulted in retarded adipocyte differentiation, and its overexpression accelerated this process. Furthermore, Cavin-3 knockdown resulted in decreased expression of adipogenesis-related genes, such as PPAR-γ, FAS, aP2, and Adipoq, whereas preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) was markedly increased during adipocyte maturation. Overall, Cavin-3 influences caveolar stability and modulates the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE)-mediated Pref-1 shedding process in both mouse and human adipocytes. The Cavin-3-dependent shedding mechanism appears to be an important process in adipocyte maturation, providing a potential therapeutic target for obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil June Park
- Bioscience Laboratory, AMOREPACIFIC R&D Center, 1920 Yonggu-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Korea
- Correspondence: (P.J.P.); (S.T.K.); Tel.: +82-31-280-5639 (P.J.P.); +82-55-320-4038 (S.T.K.)
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50834, Korea
- Correspondence: (P.J.P.); (S.T.K.); Tel.: +82-31-280-5639 (P.J.P.); +82-55-320-4038 (S.T.K.)
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Kim SY, Kim YJ, An YJ, Lee HJ, Lee SH, Kim JB, Kim HR, Lee SJ. Black Rice (O
ryza Sativa
, Heukmi) Extracts Stimulate Osteogenesis but Inhibit Adipogenesis in Mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 Cells. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Young Kim
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Yeon-Ji Kim
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Young Jae An
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Eulji University; Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Sung-Hyen Lee
- National Academy of Agricultural Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju Gun Jeollabuk-do Korea
| | - Jung-Bong Kim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju Gun Jeollabuk-do Korea
| | - Haeng-Ran Kim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science; Rural Development Administration; Wanju Gun Jeollabuk-do Korea
| | - Sung-Joon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology; Korea University; Seoul Korea
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Sawano T, Shimizu T, Yamada T, Nanashima N, Miura T, Morohashi S, Kudo D, Hui FM, Kijima H, Hakamada K, Tsuchida S. Fatty acid synthase-positive hepatocytes and subsequent steatosis in rat livers by irinotecan. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2151-60. [PMID: 25708528 PMCID: PMC4391592 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a rat model, we investigated factors contributing to the pathogenesis of irinotecan-associated fatty liver disease. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 200 mg/kg irinotecan by intraperitoneal injection on days 1–4, but not on days 5–7. This schedule was repeated 3 times. Rats were sacrificed 4, 18 and 25 days after the last injection, and liver steatosis was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry. Panacinar intrahepatocyte vacuoles were absent on days 4 and 25, but present on day 18, and this alteration was more prominent around the bile ducts than the central veins. Microarray analysis showed that the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids was upregulated on day 4. Immunohistochemistry detected fatty acid synthase (Fasn)-strongly positive hepatocytes as well as the activation of liver progenitor cells on day 4, whereas intracellular vacuoles were evident in carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA3)-positive hepatocytes on day 18. Thus, irinotecan-induced liver steatosis was preceded by Fasn-strongly-positive hepatocytes and liver progenitor cell activation. The magnitude of the decrease in the number of Fasn-strongly positive hepatocytes between days 4 and 18 was similar to that of the increase in the number of CA3-positive hepatocytes accompanying vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeyuki Sawano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Medical Technology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takuya Miura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Satoko Morohashi
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Feng Mao Hui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kijima
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tsuchida
- Department of Biochemistry and Genome Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Matsuura N, Yamada M, Suzuki H, Hasegawa N, Kurosaka C, Ubukata M, Tanaka T, Iinuma M. Inhibition of Preadipocyte Differentiation by Germacranolides fromCalea urticifoliain 3T3-L1 Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 69:2470-4. [PMID: 16377913 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.69.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effects of germacranolides isolated from Calea urticifolia on adipocytic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells were examined. These germacranolides inhibited adipogenesis at a concentration of 1.25-5 microM. But no inhibitory activity against cell proliferation and no nonspecific binding activity to protein were observed. These results indicate that these germacranolides are the specific inhibitors of preadipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyasu Matsuura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Japan.
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Kubota H, Kojima-Yuasa A, Morii R, Huang X, Norikura T, Rho SN, Matsui-Yuasa I. Anti-Obesity Effect of Blumea balsamifera Extract in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Adipocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 37:843-54. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x09007326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, the leading metabolic disease in the world, is a serious health problem in industrialized countries. We investigated the anti-obesity effect of Blumea balsamifera extract on adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and anti-obesity effect of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that treatment with an extract of Blumea balsamifera suppressed lipid accumulation and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity without affecting cell viability in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes. Furthermore, Blumea balsamifera extract brought significant attenuation of expressions of key adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, CCAAT element binding protein (C/EBPs) and leptin, however, induced up-regulation of adiponectin at the protein level in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes. These results suggest that Blumea balsamifera extract may block adipogenesis, at least in part, by decreasing key adipogenic transcription factors in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and may have antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects through up-regulation of adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kubota
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Akiko Kojima-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Risako Morii
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Xuedan Huang
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Toshio Norikura
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Sook-Nyung Rho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Chung Ang University, Kyunggi-do 456-756, Korea
| | - Isao Matsui-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Ikarashi N, Tajima M, Suzuki K, Toda T, Ito K, Ochiai W, Sugiyama K. Inhibition of Preadipocyte Differentiation and Lipid Accumulation by Orengedokuto Treatment of 3T3-L1 Cultures. Phytother Res 2011; 26:91-100. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics; Hoshi University; 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
| | - Masataka Tajima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics; Hoshi University; 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
| | - Kunihiro Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics; Hoshi University; 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
| | - Takahiro Toda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics; Hoshi University; 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
| | - Kiyomi Ito
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics; Hoshi University; 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
| | - Wataru Ochiai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics; Hoshi University; 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics; Hoshi University; 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
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Kubota H, Morii R, Kojima-Yuasa A, Huang X, Yano Y, Matsui-Yuasa I. Effect of Zizyphus jujuba extract on the inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2009; 37:597-608. [PMID: 19606518 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x09007089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, the leading metabolic disease in the world, is a serious health problem in industrialized countries. The Zizyphus jujuba fruit has been used as traditional Chinese medicinal herb and considered to affect various physiological functions in the body for thousands of years. We investigated the anti-obesity effect of Z. jujuba on adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and found that treatment with an extract of Z. jujuba suppressed lipid accumulation and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity without affecting cell viability. Further fractionation of the initial Z .jujuba extract with organic solvent revealed that the chloroform fraction (CHCl(3)-F) elicited the most inhibitory effect, which involved significant attenuation of the expression of key adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma and CCAAT enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) at the protein level. These results suggest that CHCl(3)-F may block adipogenesis, at least in part, by decreasing the expression of PPARgamma, C/EBPalpha and beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kubota
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Ubukata M, Takamori H, Ohashi M, Mitsuhashi S, Yamashita K, Asada T, Nakajima N, Matsuura N, Tsuruga M, Taki K, Magae J. Mycophenolic acid as a latent agonist of PPARgamma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4767-70. [PMID: 17618115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA), known as an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), was found to inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes. Although the effect of MPA was attributed to inhibition of IMPDH, we uncovered a hidden biological property of MPA as an agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ubukata
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Sapporo, Japan.
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15
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Lin Y, Zhuang H, Yang G. Effects of RXRalpha gene silencing on the porcine adipocyte differentiation in vitro. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2007; 2:207-14. [PMID: 20483294 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 04/21/2007] [Accepted: 04/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The elucidation of the molecular mechanism of porcine adipocyte differentiation is important not only to domestic animal industry, but also to medical science because of the similarities in the trait of body lipid deposition between human and pigs. In this study, we investigated the roles of RXRalpha in porcine (Sus scrofa) adipocyte differentiation by using RNAi method and primary cultured porcine adipocytes. With the transfection of RXRalpha-siRNA, the gene and protein expressions of RXRalpha were successfully inhibited in differentiating porcine adipocytes. By the RXRalpha gene silencing, the adipocyte differentiation, as characterized by lipid accumulation and GPDH activity, was suppressed. Furthermore, in association with the decrease in RXRalpha gene expression level, PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha genes expression level also decreased, suggesting that RXRalpha is involved in their expression. Thus, our study clearly demonstrated the pivotal roles of RXRalpha in porcine adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiu Lin
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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16
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Hsu CL, Yen GC. Effects of capsaicin on induction of apoptosis and inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:1730-6. [PMID: 17295509 DOI: 10.1021/jf062912b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently, at the beginning of the 21st century, obesity has become the leading metabolic disease in the world. It is a serious health problem in industrialized countries. Previous research has suggested that decreased preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation and decreased lipogenesis are mechanisms to reduce obesity. In the present study, the effects of capsaicin on the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes were investigated. The results demonstrated that capsaicin decreased cell population growth of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, assessed with the MTT assay. Flow cytometric analysis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes exposed to capsaicin showed that apoptotic cells increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Treatment with capsaicin decreased the number of normal cells and increased the number of early apoptotic and late apoptotic cells in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment of cells with capsaicin caused the loss of mitochondria membrane potential (delta psi m). The induction of apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by capsaicin was mediated through the activation of caspase-3, Bax, and Bak, and then through the cleavage of PARP and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, capsaicin significantly decreased the amount of intracellular triglycerides and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Capsaicin also inhibited the expression of PPARgamma, C/EBPalpha, and leptin, but induced up-regulation of adiponectin at the protein level. These results demonstrate that capsaicin efficiently induces apoptosis and inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Lin Hsu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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Alvarez BV, Johnson DE, Sowah D, Soliman D, Light PE, Xia Y, Karmazyn M, Casey JR. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition prevents and reverts cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. J Physiol 2006; 579:127-45. [PMID: 17124262 PMCID: PMC2075384 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.123638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyocyte growth contributes substantially to the progression of heart failure. Activation of the plasma membrane Na+-H+ exchanger (NHE1) and Cl- -HCO3- exchanger (AE3) has emerged as a central point in the hypertrophic cascade. Both NHE1 and AE3 bind carbonic anhydrase (CA), which activates their transport flux, by providing H+ and HCO3-, their respective transport substrates. We examined the contribution of CA activity to the hypertrophic response of cultured neonatal and adult rodent cardiomyocytes. Phenylephrine (PE) increased cell size by 37 +/- 2% and increased expression of the hypertrophic marker, atrial natriuretic factor mRNA, twofold in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Cell size was also increased in adult cardiomyocytes subjected to angiotensin II or PE treatment. These effects were associated with increased expression of cytosolic CAII protein and the membrane-anchored isoform, CAIV. The membrane-permeant CA inhibitor, 6-ethoxyzolamide (ETZ), both prevented and reversed PE-induced hypertrophy in a concentration-dependent manner in neonate cardiomyocytes (IC50=18 microm). ETZ and the related CA inhibitor methazolamide prevented hypertrophy in adult cardiomyocytes. In addition, ETZ inhibited transport activity of NHE1 and the AE isoform, AE3, with respective EC50 values of 1.2 +/- 0.3 microm and 2.7 +/- 0.3 microm. PE significantly increased neonatal cardiomyocyte Ca2+ transient frequency from 0.33 +/- 0.4 Hz to 0.77 +/- 0.04 Hz following 24 h treatment; these Ca2+ -handling abnormalities were completely prevented by ETZ (0.28 +/- 0.07 Hz). Our study demonstrates a novel role for CA in mediating the hypertrophic response of cardiac myocytes to PE and suggests that CA inhibition represents an effective therapeutic approach towards mitigation of the hypertrophic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo V Alvarez
- Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G2H7
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