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Bhakta-Yadav MS, Burra K, Alhamdan N, Allex-Buckner CP, Sulentic CEW. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor differentially modulates the expression profile of antibody isotypes in a human B-cell line. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:276-288. [PMID: 38526216 PMCID: PMC11131011 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent environmental contaminant and high affinity ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In animal models, AhR activation by TCDD generally inhibits antibody secretion. However, it is less clear if this translates to human antibody production. Using a human Burkitt lymphoma B-cell line (CL-01) that can be stimulated to secrete Ig and undergo class switch recombination to other Ig isotypes, the current study evaluated the effects of AhR activation or antagonism on the human Ig isotypic expression profile with CD40L+IL-4 stimulation. Our results suggest that AhR agonists (TCDD and indirubin) have little to no effect on IgM or IgA secretion, which were also not induced with stimulation. However, AhR activation significantly inhibited stimulation-induced IgG secretion, an effect reversed by the AhR antagonist CH223191. Evaluation of Ig heavy chain (IgH) constant region gene expression (ie Cμ, Cγ1-4, Cα1-2, and Cε that encode for IgM, IgG1-4, IgA1-2, and IgE, respectively) demonstrated differential effects. While Cμ and Cα2 transcripts were unaffected by stimulation or AhR agonists, AhR activation significantly inhibited stimulation-induced Cγ2-4 and Cε mRNA transcripts, which was reversed by AhR antagonism. Notably, AhR antagonism in the absence of exogenous AhR ligands significantly increased IgG and IgA secretion as well as the expression of Cγ2-4 and Cε. These results suggest that modulation of AhR activity differentially alters the IgH isotypic expression profile and antibody secretion that may be partly dependent on cellular stimulation. Since a variety of chemicals from anthropogenic, industrial, pharmaceutical, dietary, and bacterial sources bind the AhR, the ability of environmental exposures to alter AhR activity (i.e. activate or inhibit) may have a direct influence on immune function and antibody-relevant disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mili S Bhakta-Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
| | - Kaulini Burra
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
| | - Nasser Alhamdan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
| | - Clayton P Allex-Buckner
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
| | - Courtney E W Sulentic
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
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2
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Gutierrez F, Murphy QM, Swartwout BK, Read KA, Edwards MR, Abdelhamid L, Cabana-Puig X, Testerman JC, Xu T, Lu R, Amin P, Cecere TE, Reilly CM, Oestreich KJ, Ciupe SM, Luo XM. TCDD and CH223191 Alter T Cell Balance but Fail to Induce Anti-Inflammatory Response in Adult Lupus Mice. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:172-181. [PMID: 38353996 PMCID: PMC10916358 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) responds to endogenous and exogenous ligands as a cytosolic receptor, transcription factor, and E3 ubiquitin ligase. Several studies support an anti-inflammatory effect of AhR activation. However, exposure to the AhR agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) during early stages of development results in an autoimmune phenotype and exacerbates lupus. The effects of TCDD on lupus in adults with pre-existing autoimmunity have not been described. We present novel evidence that AhR stimulation by TCDD alters T cell responses but fails to impact lupus-like disease using an adult mouse model. Interestingly, AhR antagonist CH223191 also changed T cell balance in our model. We next developed a conceptual framework for identifying cellular and molecular factors that contribute to physiological outcomes in lupus and created models that describe cytokine dynamics that were fed into a system of differential equations to predict the kinetics of T follicular helper (Tfh) and regulatory T (Treg) cell populations. The model predicted that Tfh cells expanded to larger values following TCDD exposure compared with vehicle and CH223191. Following the initial elevation, both Tfh and Treg cell populations continuously decayed over time. A function based on the ratio of predicted Treg/Tfh cells showed that Treg cells exceed Tfh cells in all groups, with TCDD and CH223191 showing lower Treg/Tfh cell ratios than the vehicle and that the ratio is relatively constant over time. We conclude that AhR ligands did not induce an anti-inflammatory response to attenuate autoimmunity in adult lupus mice. This study challenges the dogma that TCDD supports an immunosuppressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gutierrez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Quiyana M. Murphy
- Department of Mathematics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Brianna K. Swartwout
- Translational Biology Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA
| | - Kaitlin A. Read
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Michael R. Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Leila Abdelhamid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Xavier Cabana-Puig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - James C. Testerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Ran Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Pavly Amin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Thomas E. Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Christopher M. Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Kenneth J. Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Stanca M. Ciupe
- Department of Mathematics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Xin M. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
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3
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Sato H, Kato K, Koreishi M, Nakamura Y, Tsujino Y, Satoh A. Aromatic oil from lavender as an atopic dermatitis suppressant. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296408. [PMID: 38181031 PMCID: PMC10769034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In atopic dermatitis (AD), nerves are abnormally stretched near the surface of the skin, making it sensitive to itching. Expression of neurotrophic factor Artemin (ARTN) involved in such nerve stretching is induced by the xenobiotic response (XRE) to air pollutants and UV radiation products. Therefore, AD can be monitored by the XRE response. Previously, we established a human keratinocyte cell line stably expressing a NanoLuc reporter gene downstream of XRE. We found that 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), a tryptophan metabolite and known inducer of the XRE, increased reporter and Artemin mRNA expression, indicating that FICZ-treated cells could be a model for AD. Lavender essential oil has been used in folk medicine to treat AD, but the scientific basis for its use is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of lavender essential oil and its major components, linalyl acetate and linalool, to suppress AD and sensitize skin using the established AD model cell line, and keratinocyte and dendritic cell activation assays. Our results indicated that lavender essential oil from L. angustifolia and linalyl acetate exerted a strong AD inhibitory effect and almost no skin sensitization. Our model is useful in that it can circumvent the practice of using animal studies to evaluate AD medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Sato
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kato
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mayuko Koreishi
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsujino
- Graduate School of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ayano Satoh
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Lkhagva-Yondon E, Seo MS, Oh Y, Jung J, Jeon E, Na K, Yoo HS, Kim WC, Esser C, Song SU, Jeon MS. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor controls mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated immunomodulation via ubiquitination of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:812. [PMID: 38071243 PMCID: PMC10710493 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great therapeutic advantages due to their immunosuppressive properties. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor whose signaling plays an important role in the immune system. AHR may be involved in the regulation of MSC-associated immunomodulatory functions. However, the mechanisms by which AHR controls the immunosuppressive functions of MSCs are not well understood. Here, we report that Ahr-deficient MSCs show decreased therapeutic efficacy against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) compared to wild-type (WT)-MSCs. This was probably due to decreased iNOS protein expression, which is a key regulatory enzyme in MSC immunomodulation. The expression of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K), which inhibits the elongation stage of protein synthesis, is significantly increased in the Ahr-deficient MSCs. Inhibition of eEF2K restored iNOS protein expression. AHR is known to act as an E3 ligase together with CUL4B. We observed constitutive binding of AHR to eEF2K. Consequently, ubiquitination and degradation of eEF2K were inhibited in Ahr-deficient MSCs and by the AHR antagonist CH223191 in WT-MSCs. In summary, AHR regulates the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs through ubiquitination of eEF2K, thereby controlling iNOS protein synthesis and its product, nitric oxide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhmaa Lkhagva-Yondon
- Translational Research Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Seong Seo
- Translational Research Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yena Oh
- Translational Research Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, College of Medicine Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghun Jung
- Translational Research Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhae Jeon
- Translational Research Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, College of Medicine Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmin Na
- Translational Research Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Yoo
- Translational Research Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, College of Medicine Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Chul Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Charlotte Esser
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, 40021, Germany
| | - Sun U Song
- Translational Research Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, College of Medicine Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- SCM Lifescience, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Jeon
- Translational Research Center, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea.
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, College of Medicine Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
- SCM Lifescience, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Ge Y, Ni X, Li J, Ye M, Jin X. Roles of estrogen receptor α in endometrial carcinoma (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 26:530. [PMID: 38020303 PMCID: PMC10644365 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a group of endometrial epithelial malignancies, most of which are adenocarcinomas and occur in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. It is one of the most common carcinomas of the female reproductive system. It has been shown that the occurrence and development of EC is closely associated with the interaction between estrogen (estradiol, E2) and estrogen receptors (ERs), particularly ERα. As a key nuclear transcription factor, ERα is a carcinogenic factor in EC. Its interactions with upstream and downstream effectors and co-regulators have important implications for the proliferation, metastasis, invasion and inhibition of apoptosis of EC. In the present review, the structure of ERα and the regulation of ERα in multiple dimensions are described. In addition, the classical E2/ERα signaling pathway and the crosstalk between ERα and other EC regulators are elucidated, as well as the therapeutic targeting of ERα, which may provide a new direction for clinical applications of ERα in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Ge
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Ni
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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Serra L, Estienne A, Caria G, Ramé C, Jolivet C, Froger C, Henriot A, Amalric L, Guérif F, Froment P, Dupont J. In vitro exposure to triazoles used as fungicides impairs human granulosa cells steroidogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104295. [PMID: 37852555 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Triazoles are the main components of fungicides used in conventional agriculture. Some data suggests that they may be endocrine disruptors. Here, we found five triazoles, prothioconazole, metconazole, difenoconazole, tetraconazole, and cyproconazole, in soil or water from the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. We then studied their effects from 0.001 µM to 1000 µM for 48 h on the steroidogenesis and cytotoxicity of ovarian cells from patients in this region and the human granulosa line KGN. In addition, the expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) nuclear receptor in KGN cells was studied. Overall, all triazoles reduced the secretion of progesterone, estradiol, or both at doses that were non-cytotoxic but higher than those found in the environment. This was mainly associated, depending on the triazole, with a decrease in the expression of CYP51, STAR, CYP11A1, CYP19A1, or HSD3B proteins, or a combination thereof, in hGCs and KGN cells and an increase in AHR in KGN cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïse Serra
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Giovanni Caria
- INRAE, Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols, 273, rue de Cambrai, 62000 Arras, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Claire Froger
- INRAE Orléans - US 1106, Unité INFOSOL, Orléans, France
| | - Abel Henriot
- Division Laboratoires, BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orleans Cedex 2, France
| | - Laurence Amalric
- Division Laboratoires, BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orleans Cedex 2, France
| | - Fabrice Guérif
- Service de Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHRU de Tours, F-37044 Tours, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Opitz CA, Holfelder P, Prentzell MT, Trump S. The complex biology of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation in cancer and beyond. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115798. [PMID: 37696456 PMCID: PMC10570930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway is a complex regulatory network that plays a critical role in various biological processes, including cellular metabolism, development, and immune responses. The complexity of AHR signaling arises from multiple factors, including the diverse ligands that activate the receptor, the expression level of AHR itself, and its interaction with the AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT). Additionally, the AHR crosstalks with the AHR repressor (AHRR) or other transcription factors and signaling pathways and it can also mediate non-genomic effects. Finally, posttranslational modifications of the AHR and its interaction partners, epigenetic regulation of AHR and its target genes, as well as AHR-mediated induction of enzymes that degrade AHR-activating ligands may contribute to the context-specificity of AHR activation. Understanding the complexity of AHR signaling is crucial for deciphering its physiological and pathological roles and developing therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway. Ongoing research continues to unravel the intricacies of AHR signaling, shedding light on the regulatory mechanisms controlling its diverse functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane A Opitz
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Division of Metabolic Crosstalk in Cancer and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Pauline Holfelder
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Division of Metabolic Crosstalk in Cancer and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Bioscience, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirja Tamara Prentzell
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Division of Metabolic Crosstalk in Cancer and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Bioscience, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saskia Trump
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, a partnership between DKFZ and Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Reyes-Hernández OD, Figueroa-González G, Quintas-Granados LI, Gutiérrez-Ruíz SC, Hernández-Parra H, Romero-Montero A, Del Prado-Audelo ML, Bernal-Chavez SA, Cortés H, Peña-Corona SI, Kiyekbayeva L, Ateşşahin DA, Goloshvili T, Leyva-Gómez G, Sharifi-Rad J. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane and indole-3-carbinol: potential therapeutic molecules for cancer chemoprevention and treatment via regulating cellular signaling pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:180. [PMID: 37633886 PMCID: PMC10464192 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary compounds in cancer prevention have gained significant consideration as a viable method. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) are heterocyclic and bioactive chemicals found in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and brussels sprouts. They are synthesized after glycolysis from the glucosinolate structure. Clinical and preclinical trials have evaluated the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, effectiveness, antioxidant, cancer-preventing (cervical dysplasia, prostate cancer, breast cancer), and anti-tumor activities of I3C and DIM involved with polyphenolic derivatives created in the digestion showing promising results. However, the exact mechanism by which they exert anti-cancer and apoptosis-inducing properties has yet to be entirely understood. Via this study, we update the existing knowledge of the state of anti-cancer investigation concerning I3C and DIM chemicals. We have also summarized; (i) the recent advancements in the use of I3C/DIM as therapeutic molecules since they represent potentially appealing anti-cancer agents, (ii) the available literature on the I3C and DIM characterization, and the challenges related to pharmacologic properties such as low solubility, and poor bioavailability, (iii) the synthesis and semi-synthetic derivatives, (iv) the mechanism of anti-tumor action in vitro/in vivo, (v) the action in cellular signaling pathways related to the regulation of apoptosis and anoikis as well as the cell cycle progression and cell proliferation such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and PPARγ agonists; SR13668, Akt inhibitor, cyclins regulation, ER-dependent-independent pathways, and their current medical applications, to recognize research opportunities to potentially use these compounds instead chemotherapeutic synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Daniel Reyes-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UMIEZ, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 09230, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Figueroa-González
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UMIEZ, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 09230, Mexico
| | | | | | - Hector Hernández-Parra
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Romero-Montero
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - María Luisa Del Prado-Audelo
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México, C. Puente 222, Ciudad de México, 14380, Mexico
| | - Sergio Alberto Bernal-Chavez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Sheila I Peña-Corona
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Lashyn Kiyekbayeva
- Pharmaceutical School, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Faculties of Pharmacy, Public Health and Nursing, Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Dilek Arslan Ateşşahin
- Baskil Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production, Fırat University, Elazıg, 23100, Turkey
| | - Tamar Goloshvili
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetic Resources, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
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Pinto CJG, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Lian Y, Moura-Alves P, Nunes Dos Santos C. Targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by gut phenolic metabolites: A strategy towards gut inflammation. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102622. [PMID: 36812782 PMCID: PMC9958510 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor able to control complex transcriptional processes in several cell types, which has been correlated with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Numerous studies have described different compounds as ligands of this receptor, like xenobiotics, natural compounds, and several host-derived metabolites. Dietary (poly)phenols have been studied regarding their pleiotropic activities (e.g., neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory), but their AHR modulatory capabilities have also been considered. However, dietary (poly)phenols are submitted to extensive metabolism in the gut (e.g., gut microbiota). Thus, the resulting gut phenolic metabolites could be key players modulating AHR since they are the ones that reach the cells and may exert effects on the AHR throughout the gut and other organs. This review aims at a comprehensive search for the most abundant gut phenolic metabolites detected and quantified in humans to understand how many have been described as AHR modulators and what could be their impact on inflammatory gut processes. Even though several phenolic compounds have been studied regarding their anti-inflammatory capacities, only 1 gut phenolic metabolite, described as AHR modulator, has been evaluated on intestinal inflammatory models. Searching for AHR ligands could be a novel strategy against IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina J G Pinto
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - María Ángeles Ávila-Gálvez
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Yilong Lian
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Moura-Alves
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal.
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10
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Mazzeo DEC, Dombrowski A, Oliveira FA, Levy CE, Oehlmann J, Marchi MRR. Endocrine disrupting activity in sewage sludge: Screening method, microbial succession and cost-effective strategy for detoxification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117207. [PMID: 36621316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) presents a high agronomic potential due to high concentrations of organic matter and nutrients, encouraging its recycling as a soil conditioner. However, the presence of toxic substances can preclude this use. To enable the safe disposal of this waste in agriculture, SS requires additional detoxification to decrease the environmental risks of this practice. Although some alternatives have been proposed in this sense, little attention is provided to eliminating endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). To fill this gap, this study aimed to develop effective and low-cost technology to eliminate EDCs from SS. For this, a detoxification process combining microorganisms and biostimulating agents (soil, sugarcane bagasse, and coffee grounds) was performed for 2, 4, and 6 months with aerobic and anaerobic SSs. The (anti-)estrogenic, (anti-)androgenic, retinoic-like, and dioxin-like activities of SSs samples were verified using yeast-based reporter-gene assays to prove the effectiveness of the treatments. A fractionation procedure of samples, dividing the target sample extract into several fractions according to their polarity, was conducted to decrease the matrix complexity and facilitate the identification of EDCs. A decrease in the abundance and microbial diversity of the SS samples was noted along the biostimulation with the predominance of filamentous fungal species over yeasts and gram-positive bacteria and non-fermenting rods over enterobacteria. Among the 9 EDCs quantified by LC-ESI-MS/MS, triclosan and alkylphenols presented the highest concentrations in both SS. Before detoxification, the studied SSs induced significant agonistic activity, especially at the human estrogen receptor α (hERα) and the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The raw anaerobic sludge also activated the androgen (hAR), retinoic acid (RARα), and retinoid X (RXRα) receptors. However, no significant endocrine-disrupting activities were observed after the SS detoxification, showing that the technology applied here efficiently eliminates receptor-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dânia Elisa C Mazzeo
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant and Animal Production, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCAR, Araras, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Dombrowski
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Flávio Andrade Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Alexander Fleming, 105, 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Emílio Levy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Alexander Fleming, 105, 13081-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mary Rosa R Marchi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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11
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Hu J, Ding Y, Liu W, Liu S. When AHR signaling pathways meet viral infections. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:42. [PMID: 36829212 PMCID: PMC9951170 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcriptional factor widely expressed among immune, epithelial, endothelial and stromal cells in barrier tissues. It can be activated by small molecules provided by pollutants, microorganisms, food, and metabolism. It has been demonstrated that AHR plays an important role in modulating the response to many microbial pathogens, and the abnormal expression of AHR signaling pathways may disrupt endocrine, cause immunotoxicity, and even lead to the occurrence of cancer. Most humans are infected with at least one known human cancer virus. While the initial infection with these viruses does not cause major disease, the metabolic activity of infected cells changes, thus affecting the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways. In the past few years, lots of studies have shown that viral infections can affect disease progression by regulating the transmission of multiple signaling pathways. This review aims to discuss the potential effects of virus infections on AHR signaling pathways so that we may find a new strategy to minimize the adverse effects of the AHR pathway on diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieke Hu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266555, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Special Examination, Qingdao Women & Children Hospital, Qingdao, 266035, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266555, China.
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12
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Rosales-Hernández MC, Bello M, Toledano JV, Feregrino BCE, Correa Basurto J, Fragoso Morales LG, Torres-Ramos MA. Molecular dynamics simulations depict structural motions of the whole human aryl hydrocarbon receptor influencing its binding of ligands and HSP90. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13138-13153. [PMID: 36705144 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2171132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has broad biological functions when its ligands activate it; the non-binding interactions with AhR have not been fully elucidated due to the absence of a complete tridimensional (3D) structure. Therefore, utilization of the whole 3D structure from Homo sapiens AhR by in silico studies will allow us to better study and analyze the binding mode of its full and partial agonists, and antagonists, as well as its interaction with the HSP90 chaperone. The 3D AhR structure was obtained from I-TASSER and subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to obtain different structural conformations and determine the most populated AhR conformer by clustering analyses. The AhR-3D structures selected from MD simulations and those from clustering analyses were used to achieve docking studies with some of its ligands and protein-protein docking with HSP90. Once the AhR-3D structure was built, its Ramachandran maps and energy showed a well-qualified 3D model. MD simulations showed that the per-Arnt-Sim homology (PAS) PAS A, PAS B, and Q domains underwent conformational changes, identifying the conformation when agonists were binding also, and HSP90 was binding near the PAS A, PAS B, and Q domains. However, when antagonists are binding, HSP90 does not bind near the PAS A, PAS B, and Q domains. These studies show that the complex agonist-AhR-HSP90 can be formed, but this complex is not formed when an antagonist is binding. Knowing the conformations when the ligands bind to AHR and the behavior of HSP90 allows for an understanding of its activity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrago e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Martiniano Bello
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México City, Mexico
| | - Jazziel Velazquez Toledano
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrago e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México City, Mexico
| | - Barbara Citlali Escudero Feregrino
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrago e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, México
| | - José Correa Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Guadalupe Fragoso Morales
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrago e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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13
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Tian S, Yan S, Meng Z, Sun W, Yan J, Huang S, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Diao J, Li L, Zhu W. Widening the Lens on Prothioconazole and Its Metabolite Prothioconazole-Desthio: Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Reproductive Disorders through in Vivo, in Vitro, and in Silico Studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17890-17901. [PMID: 36332113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive disorders are a serious public health problem worldwide. Epidemiological data suggest that exposure to environmental pollutants is associated with the onset of reproductive disorders. However, the effects in reproductive health and exact mechanism of action of representative agricultural compounds prothioconazole (PTC) and its metabolite prothioconazole-desthio (dPTC) on mammals remain unclear. Here, we studied the physiological effects of the exposure to environmentally relevant doses of PTC and dPTC in mice reproductive systems. Combining in vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies, we observed that PTC and dPTC disrupt reproductive health by inducing metabolic perturbation, induction of apoptosis, and inflammation in gonadal tissue, which are achieved via activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Convincingly, the addition of alternate-day injections of CH223191 (an AhR inhibitor) to the 30-day exposure regimen ameliorated ovarian tissue damage, as evidenced by decreased TUNEL-positive cells and partially restored the inflammation and apoptotic factor levels. This study comprehensively reports the toxic effects of low-dose PTC and dPTC in the reproductive system in vivo and identifies AhR as a potential therapeutic target for the amelioration of reproductive disorders caused by similar endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinuo Tian
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jin Yan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Shiran Huang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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14
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An overview of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands in the Last two decades (2002–2022): A medicinal chemistry perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Li J, Cai Z, Li XW, Zhuang C. Natural Product-Inspired Targeted Protein Degraders: Advances and Perspectives. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13533-13560. [PMID: 36205223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD), a promising therapeutic strategy in drug discovery, has great potential to regulate the endogenous degradation of undruggable targets with small molecules. As vital resources that provide diverse structural templates for drug discovery, natural products (NPs) are a rising and robust arsenal for the development of therapeutic TPD. The first proof-of-concept study of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) was a natural polyketide ovalicin-derived degrader; since then, NPs have shown great potential to promote TPD technology. The use of NP-inspired targeted protein degraders has been confirmed to be a promising strategy to treat many human conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nevertheless, the development of NP-inspired degraders is challenging, and the field is currently in its infancy. In this review, we summarize the bioactivities and mechanisms of NP-inspired degraders and discuss the associated challenges and future opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xu-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.,Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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16
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Sengupta M, Pluciennik A, Merry DE. The role of ubiquitination in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1020143. [PMID: 36277484 PMCID: PMC9583669 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neurodegenerative and neuromuscular genetic disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine-encoding CAG tract in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. The AR is an important transcriptional regulator of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily; its levels are regulated in many ways including by ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification (PTM) which plays a key role in both AR transcriptional activity and its degradation. Moreover, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a fundamental component of cellular functioning and has been implicated in diseases of protein misfolding and aggregation, including polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat expansion diseases such as Huntington's disease and SBMA. In this review, we discuss the details of the UPS system, its functions and regulation, and the role of AR ubiquitination and UPS components in SBMA. We also discuss aspects of the UPS that may be manipulated for therapeutic effect in SBMA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diane E. Merry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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17
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Chen Z, Xia X, Chen H, Huang H, An X, Sun M, Yao Q, Kim K, Zhang H, Chu M, Chen R, Bhutia YD, Ganapathy V, Kou L. Carbidopa suppresses estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer via AhR-mediated proteasomal degradation of ERα. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:1216-1230. [PMID: 36070108 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) promotes breast cancer, and ER-positive cancer accounts for ~ 80% of breast cancers. This subtype responds positively to hormone/endocrine therapies involving either inhibition of estrogen synthesis or blockade of estrogen action. Carbidopa, a drug used to potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of L-DOPA in Parkinson's disease, is an agonist for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Pharmacotherapy in Parkinson's disease decreases the risk for cancers, including breast cancer. The effects of carbidopa on ER-positive breast cancer were evaluated in cell culture and in mouse xenografts. The assays included cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration/invasion, subcellular localization of AhR, proteasomal degradation, and tumor growth in xenografts. Carbidopa decreased proliferation and migration of ER-positive human breast cancer cells in vitro with no significant effect on ER-negative breast cancer cells. Treatment of ER-positive cells with carbidopa promoted nuclear localization of AhR and expression of AhR target genes; it also decreased cellular levels of ERα via proteasomal degradation in an AhR-dependent manner. In vivo, carbidopa suppressed the growth of ER-positive breast cancer cells in mouse xenografts; this was associated with increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation. Carbidopa has therapeutic potential for ER-positive breast cancer either as a single agent or in combination with other standard chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xing Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heyan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huirong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingsi An
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kwonseop Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Children's Respiration Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
- Pediatric Research Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yangzom D Bhutia
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Longfa Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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18
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Carbidopa, an activator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, suppresses IDO1 expression in pancreatic cancer and decreases tumor growth. Biochem J 2022; 479:1807-1824. [PMID: 35997090 PMCID: PMC9472820 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
IDO1 is an immunomodulatory enzyme responsible for tryptophan catabolism. Its expression in immune cells, especially the DCs, has attracted attention because it leads to tryptophan depletion at the immunological synapse, thereby causing T-cell anergy and immune evasion by the tumor cells. Cancer cells also overexpress IDO1. Immunotherapy targeting IDO1 has been one of the focus areas in cancer biology, but lately studies have identified non-immune related functions of IDO1 leading to a paradigm shift with regard to IDO1 function in the context of tumor cells. In this study, we show that PDAC tissues and PDAC cells overexpress IDO1. The expression level is reciprocally related to overall patient survival. We further show that carbidopa, an FDA-approved drug for Parkinson's disease as well as an AhR agonist, inhibits IDO1 expression in PDAC cells. Using athymic nude mice, we demonstrate that carbidopa-mediated suppression of IDO1 expression attenuates tumor growth. Mechanistically, we show that AhR is responsible for carbidopa-mediated suppression of IDO1, directly as a transcription factor and indirectly by interfering with the JAK/STAT pathway. Overall, targeting IDO1 not only in immune cells but also in cancer cells could be a beneficial therapeutic strategy for PDAC and potentially for other cancers as well and that carbidopa could be repurposed to treat cancers that overexpress IDO1.
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19
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Schonfeld M, Averilla J, Gunewardena S, Weinman SA, Tikhanovich I. Alcohol-associated fibrosis in females is mediated by female-specific activation of lysine demethylases KDM5B and KDM5C. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2042-2057. [PMID: 35468265 PMCID: PMC9315128 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease is a major cause of alcohol-related mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying disease progression are not fully understood. Recently we found that liver molecular pathways are altered by alcohol consumption differently in males and females. We were able to associate these sex-specific pathways with two upstream regulators: H3K4-specific demethylase enzymes KDM5B and KDM5C. Mice were fed the Lieber-DeCarli alcohol liquid diet for 3 weeks or a combination of a high-fat diet with alcohol in water for 16 weeks (western diet alcohol model [WDA] model). To assess the role of histone demethylases, mice were treated with AAV-shControl, AAV-shKdm5b, and/or AAV-shKdm5c and/or AAV-shAhR vectors. Gene expression and epigenetic changes after Kdm5b/5c knockdown were assessed by RNA-sequencing and H3K4me3 chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. We found that less than 5% of genes affected by Kdm5b/Kdm5c knockdown were common between males and females. In females, Kdm5b/Kdm5c knockdown prevented fibrosis development in mice fed the WDA alcohol diet for 16 weeks and decreased fibrosis-associated gene expression in mice fed the Lieber-DeCarli alcohol liquid diet. In contrast, fibrosis was not affected by Kdm5b/Kdm5c knockdown in males. We found that KDM5B and KDM5C promote fibrosis in females through down-regulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway components in hepatic stellate cells. Kdm5b/Kdm5c knockdown resulted in an up-regulation of Ahr, Arnt, and Aip in female but not in male mice, thus preventing fibrosis development. Ahr knockdown in combination with Kdm5b/Kdm5c knockdown restored profibrotic gene expression. Conclusion: KDM5 demethylases contribute to differences between males and females in the alcohol response in the liver. The KDM5/AhR axis is a female-specific mechanism of fibrosis development in alcohol-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schonfeld
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Janice Averilla
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
- Liver CenterUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
- Kansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Irina Tikhanovich
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
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20
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Tomalka JA, Suthar MS, Diamond MS, Sekaly RP. Innate antiviral immunity: how prior exposures can guide future responses. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:696-705. [PMID: 35907675 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is an intrinsic baseline defense in cells, with its earliest origins in bacteria, and with key roles in defense against pathogens and in the activation of B and T cell responses. In mammals, the efficacy of innate immunity in initiating the cascades that lead to pathogen control results from the interplay of transcriptomic, epigenomic, and proteomic responses regulating immune activation and long-lived pathogen-specific memory responses. Recent studies suggest that intrinsic innate immunity is modulated by individual exposure histories - prior infections, vaccinations, and metabolites of microbial origin - and this promotes, or impairs, the development of efficacious innate immune responses. Understanding how environmental factors regulate innate immunity and boost protection from infection or response to vaccination could be a valuable tool for pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Tomalka
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology, and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rafick P Sekaly
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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21
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Hsieh TH, Hsu CY, Yang PJ, Chiu CC, Liang SS, Ou-Yang F, Kan JY, Hou MF, Wang TN, Tsai EM. DEHP mediates drug resistance by directly targeting AhR in human breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112400. [PMID: 34801851 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy and hormonal therapy is a major clinical problem in breast cancer medicine, especially for cancer metastasis and recurrence. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) affects drug resistance by an unknown mechanism of action. Here we analyzed breast cancer patients (N = 457) and found that Σ4MEHP (the sum of MEHP, MEHHP, MECPP and MEOHP concentrations) in urine was significantly higher (P = 0.018) in the recurrent breast cancer group compared with non-recurrent patients. Σ4MEHP-High was positively and significantly correlated with tumor stage (P = 0.005), lymph node status (P = 0.001), estrogen receptor status (P = 0.010), Her2/Neu status (P = 0.004), recurrence (P = 0.000) and tumor size (P = 0.002), as well as an independent prognostic marker (OR = 1.868; 95% CI = 1.424-2.451; P < 0.000) associated with poor survival rates based on a positive Her2/Neu status (P = 0.035). In addition, we found that DEHP inhibited paclitaxel and doxorubicin effects in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 and in zebrafish and mouse tumor initiation models. DEHP induced trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) expression through the vinculin/aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/ERK signaling pathway and induced CYP2D6, CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 expression through the AhR genomic pathway to increase the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and doxorubicin metabolism, respectably. DEHP mediated AhR-related alterations in estrogen receptor expression through the ubiquitination system, which decreased tamoxifen effects in AhR knockout mice. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic avenue by targeting AhR in drug-resistant and recurrent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jing Yang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu Ou-Yang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yu Kan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Nai Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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22
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Zhang S, Ou K, Huang J, Fang L, Wang C, Wang Q. Prenatal EGCG exposure-induced heart mass reduction in adult male mice and underlying mechanisms. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112588. [PMID: 34600025 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which is a major polyphenol in tea, has an unclear effect on cardiac development. In the present study, mice (C57BL/6) were exposed in utero to EGCG dissolved in drinking water (3 μg/ml) for 16 days. A significant decrease in the heart/body weight ratio was observed in adult males but not in adult females. The protein expression levels of TGF-β1 and its downstream transcription factors SMAD3 and SMAD4 were significantly decreased in male hearts. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was inhibited, the expression of proapoptotic proteins, such as BAX, Cleaved Caspase3 and Cleaved Caspase9, was elevated, and the level of antiapoptotic proteins, such as BCL-2, was decreased. A reduced heart/body weight ratio may be associated with the loss of cardiac fibers and an increase in myocardial apoptosis. The cardiac levels of aromatic hydrocarbon receptor and androgen receptor were elevated only in males, which may explain the sexual dimorphism in the effects. The promoter methylation levels of pik3r1, tgf-β, smad4 were elevated, and those of ahr were reduced, explaining the mechanism underlying the cardiac histological alteration caused by prenatal exposure to EGCG. The results suggest that ingestion of EGCG during pregnancy may be a risk factor for cardiac development in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Kunlin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Lu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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23
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Bock KW. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) functions in infectious and sterile inflammation and NAD +-dependent metabolic adaptation. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3449-3458. [PMID: 34559251 PMCID: PMC8461142 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) research has shifted from exploring dioxin toxicity to elucidation of various physiologic AHR functions. Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is known to exert cellular stress-mediated sterile inflammatory responses in exposed human tissues but may be lethal in sensitive species. Inflammation can be thought of as the extreme end of a spectrum ranging from homeostasis to stress responses (sterile inflammation) and to defense against infection (infectious inflammation). Defense against bacterial infection by generation of reactive oxygen species has to be strictly controlled and may use up a considerable amount of energy. NAD+-mediated energy metabolism adapts to various inflammatory responses. As examples, the present commentary tries to integrate responses of AHR and NAD+-consuming enzymes (PARP7/TiPARP, CD38 and sirtuins) into infectious and stress-induced inflammatory responses, the latter exemplified by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). TCDD toxicity models in sensitive species provide hints to molecular AHR targets of energy metabolism including gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. AHR research remains challenging and promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Walter Bock
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstrasse 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
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24
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Hsu HL, Chen HK, Tsai CH, Liao PL, Chan YJ, Lee YC, Lee CC, Li CH. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Defect Attenuates Mitogen-Activated Signaling through Leucine-Rich Repeats and Immunoglobulin-like Domains 1 (LRIG1)-Dependent EGFR Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9988. [PMID: 34576152 PMCID: PMC8464816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) genomic pathway has been well-characterized in a number of respiratory diseases. In addition, the cytoplasmic AHR protein may act as an adaptor of E3 ubiquitin ligase. In this study, the physiological functions of AHR that regulate cell proliferation were explored using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The doubling-time of the AHR-KO clones of A549 and BEAS-2B was observed to be prolonged. The attenuation of proliferation potential was strongly associated with either the induction of p27Kip1 or the impairment in mitogenic signal transduction driven by the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor (EGFR). We found that the leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 (LRIG1), a repressor of EGFR, was induced in the absence of AHR in vitro and in vivo. The LRIG1 tends to degrade via a proteasome dependent manner by interacting with AHR in wild-type cells. Either LRIG1 or a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) were accumulated in AHR-defective cells, consequently accelerating the degradation of EGFR, and attenuating the response to mitogenic stimulation. We also affirmed low AHR but high LRIG1 levels in lung tissues of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. This might partially elucidate the sluggish tissue repairment and developing inflammation in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Lin Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Hong-Kai Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Hao Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA;
| | - Po-Lin Liao
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Ju Chan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Cheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Chen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medicine University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
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25
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Plant Occurring Flavonoids as Modulators of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082315. [PMID: 33923487 PMCID: PMC8073824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor deeply implicated in health and diseases. Historically identified as a sensor of xenobiotics and mainly toxic substances, AhR has recently become an emerging pharmacological target in cancer, immunology, inflammatory conditions, and aging. Multiple AhR ligands are recognized, with plant occurring flavonoids being the largest group of natural ligands of AhR in the human diet. The biological implications of the modulatory effects of flavonoids on AhR could be highlighted from a toxicological and environmental concern and for the possible pharmacological applicability. Overall, the possible AhR-mediated harmful and/or beneficial effects of flavonoids need to be further investigated, since in many cases they are contradictory. Similar to other AhR modulators, flavonoids commonly exhibit tissue, organ, and species-specific activities on AhR. Such cellular-context dependency could be probably beneficial in their pharmacotherapeutic use. Flavones, flavonols, flavanones, and isoflavones are the main subclasses of flavonoids reported as AhR modulators. Some of the structural features of these groups of flavonoids that could be influencing their AhR effects are herein summarized. However, limited generalizations, as well as few outright structure-activity relationships can be suggested on the AhR agonism and/or antagonism caused by flavonoids.
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26
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Zaragoza-Ojeda M, Apatiga-Vega E, Arenas-Huertero F. Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in central nervous system tumors: Biological and therapeutic implications. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:460. [PMID: 33907570 PMCID: PMC8063300 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor, whose canonical pathway mainly regulates the genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. However, it can also regulate several responses in a non-canonical manner, such as proliferation, differentiation, cell death and cell adhesion. AhR plays an important role in central nervous system tumors, as it can regulate several cellular responses via different pathways. The polymorphisms of the AHR gene have been associated with the development of gliomas. In addition, the metabolism of tumor cells promotes tumor growth, particularly in tryptophan synthesis, where some metabolites, such as kynurenine, can activate the AhR pathway, triggering cell proliferation in astrocytomas, medulloblastomas and glioblastomas. Furthermore, as part of the changes in neuroblastomas, AHR is able to downregulate the expression of proto-oncogene c-Myc, induce differentiation in tumor cells, and cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Collectively, these data suggested that the modulation of the AhR pathway may downregulate tumor growth, providing a novel strategy for applications for the treatment of certain tumors through the control of the AhR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Zaragoza-Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, México
| | - Elisa Apatiga-Vega
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, México
| | - Francisco Arenas-Huertero
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, México
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27
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The Landscape of AhR Regulators and Coregulators to Fine-Tune AhR Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020757. [PMID: 33451129 PMCID: PMC7828596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates numerous cellular responses. Originally investigated in toxicology because of its ability to bind environmental contaminants, AhR has attracted enormous attention in the field of immunology in the last 20 years. In addition, the discovery of endogenous and plant-derived ligands points to AhR also having a crucial role in normal cell physiology. Thus, AhR is emerging as a promiscuous receptor that can mediate either toxic or physiologic effects upon sensing multiple exogenous and endogenous molecules. Within this scenario, several factors appear to contribute to the outcome of gene transcriptional regulation by AhR, including the nature of the ligand as such and its further metabolism by AhR-induced enzymes, the local tissue microenvironment, and the presence of coregulators or specific transcription factors in the cell. Here, we review the current knowledge on the array of transcription factors and coregulators that, by interacting with AhR, tune its transcriptional activity in response to endogenous and exogenous ligands.
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28
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Girer NG, Tomlinson CR, Elferink CJ. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Energy Balance: The Road from Dioxin-Induced Wasting Syndrome to Combating Obesity with Ahr Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E49. [PMID: 33374508 PMCID: PMC7793057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has been studied for over 40 years, yet our understanding of this ligand-activated transcription factor remains incomplete. Each year, novel findings continually force us to rethink the role of the AHR in mammalian biology. The AHR has historically been studied within the context of potent activation via AHR agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), with a focus on how the AHR mediates TCDD toxicity. Research has subsequently revealed that the AHR is actively involved in distinct physiological processes ranging from the development of the liver and reproductive organs, to immune system function and wound healing. More recently, the AHR was implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism and is currently being investigated as a potential therapeutic target for obesity. In this review, we re-trace the steps through which the early toxicological studies of TCDD led to the conceptual framework for the AHR as a potential therapeutic target in metabolic disease. We additionally discuss the key discoveries that have been made concerning the role of the AHR in energy metabolism, as well as the current and future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel G. Girer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77550, USA;
| | - Craig R. Tomlinson
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA;
| | - Cornelis J. Elferink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77550, USA;
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29
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Bock KW. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), integrating energy metabolism and microbial or obesity-mediated inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 184:114346. [PMID: 33227291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has been characterized as multifunctional sensor, integrator and ligand-activated transcription factor of the bHLH/PAS family. Regulation of inflammatory diseases and energy metabolism are among the putative functions of AHR. Challenges in AHR research include marked species differences, and cell, tissue and context dependence of AHR functions. The commentary is focused on AHR's role in the integration between energy expenditure and microbial and non-infectious inflammation, the latter exemplified by obesity-mediated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. One of the mechanisms controlling energy-consuming inflammation is represented by a signalsome that is involved in retinoic acid-triggered neutrophil differentiation and regulation of the NADPH oxidase complex (NOX). Established signalsome components are AHR, CD38, multiple protein kinases and adaptors. To prevent chronic inflammatory diseases, the complex interplay between a range of inflammatory responses and energy expenditure must be precisely regulated. Surviving an infection requires both pathogen clearance and tissue protection from inflammatory damage. Defenses are energy-consuming anabolic programs. Therefore, anti-inflammatory, catabolic tolerance programs by metabolic reprogramming of macrophages have evolved. Therapeutic options of AHR agonists to reduce chronic inflammatory diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Walter Bock
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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30
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Bock KW. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-mediated inflammation and resolution: Non-genomic and genomic signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114220. [PMID: 32941865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, an old medical problem, is being recognized as an active, well orchestrated biological process. When dysregulated, chronic inflammation may ensue, leading to tissue-dependent diseases. Depending upon the ligand and cellular context, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) may accelerate or attenuate inflammation and subsequent resolution. Three examples are discussed in which AHR modulates inflammation by a mixture of genomic and non-genomic signaling pathways: (i) AHR-agonistic bacterial virulence factors are leading to both microbial defense and resolution of inflammatory responses. (ii) TCDD-mediated persistent AHR activation initially leads to inflammation by non-genomic signaling, and may potentially lead to chronic inflammation. (iii) AHR may modulate anti-inflammatory actions in obesity-mediated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Hepatic lipotoxicity triggers generation of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that facilitate the development of hepatitis. AHR is mainly involved in the resolution phase by induction of lipoxin A4 and Il-22. Moderate AHR activation by phytochemicals and microbial AHR ligands may facilitate resolution. In control of inflammation, AHR appears to integrate environmental conditions with coordinated cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Walter Bock
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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31
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Chemopreventive Agent 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Inhibits MDM2 in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134642. [PMID: 32629830 PMCID: PMC7370074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a naturally derived chemopreventive compound. It comes from glucobrassicin, an indole glucosinolate enriched in cruciferous vegetables, and is formed in the acidic environment of the stomach after ingestion. Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) is an important, multi-functional oncogenic protein and it has been well recognized for its negative regulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53. We discovered a novel mechanism of action of DIM, that it directly inhibits MDM2 in multiple colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. Treatment with DIM decreased MDM2 at messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels, inhibited cancer cell proliferation, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. DIM-induced decrease of MDM2 is p53-independent and is partly mediated by proteasome degradation of MDM2, as blocking of the proteasome activity reversed MDM2 protein inhibition. Overexpression of MDM2 blocked DIM’s effects in growth suppression and apoptosis induction. When combined with imidazoline MDM2 inhibitors (Nutlin-3a and Idasanutlin/RG-7388), synergism was observed in cancer cell growth inhibition. In summary, our data support a new mechanism of action for DIM in direct inhibition of MDM2. The identification of MDM2 as a novel DIM target may help develop a new strategy in CRC prevention.
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Indoximod opposes the immunosuppressive effects mediated by IDO and TDO via modulation of AhR function and activation of mTORC1. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2438-2461. [PMID: 32637034 PMCID: PMC7321702 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoximod has shaped our understanding of the biology of IDO1 in the control of immune responses, though its mechanism of action has been poorly understood. Previous studies demonstrated that indoximod creates a tryptophan (Trp) sufficiency signal that reactivates mTOR in the context of low Trp concentrations, thus opposing the effects caused by IDO1. Here we extend the understanding of indoximod’s mechanism of action by showing that it has pleiotropic effects on immune regulation. Indoximod can have a direct effect on T cells, increasing their proliferation as a result of mTOR reactivation. Further, indoximod modulates the differentiation of CD4+ T cells via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which controls transcription of several genes in response to different ligands including kynurenine (Kyn). Indoximod increases the transcription of RORC while inhibiting transcription of FOXP3, thus favoring differentiation to IL-17-producing helper T cells and inhibiting the differentiation of regulatory T cells. These indoximod-driven effects on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were independent from the activity of IDO/TDO and from the presence of exogenous Kyn, though they do oppose the effects of Kyn produced by these Trp catabolizing enzymes. Indoximod can also downregulate expression of IDO protein in vivo in murine lymph node dendritic cells and in vitro in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells via a mechanism that involves signaling through the AhR. Together, these data improve the understanding of how indoximod influences the effects of IDO, beyond and distinct from direct enzymatic inhibition of the enzyme.
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Maes M, Anderson G, Betancort Medina SR, Seo M, Ojala JO. Integrating Autism Spectrum Disorder Pathophysiology: Mitochondria, Vitamin A, CD38, Oxytocin, Serotonin and Melatonergic Alterations in the Placenta and Gut. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4405-4420. [PMID: 31682209 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191102165459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diverse array of data has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), reflecting the complexity of its pathophysiology as well as its heterogeneity. Two important hubs have emerged, the placenta/prenatal period and the postnatal gut, with alterations in mitochondria functioning crucial in both. METHODS Factors acting to regulate mitochondria functioning in ASD across development are reviewed in this article. RESULTS Decreased vitamin A, and its retinoic acid metabolites, lead to a decrease in CD38 and associated changes that underpin a wide array of data on the biological underpinnings of ASD, including decreased oxytocin, with relevance both prenatally and in the gut. Decreased sirtuins, poly-ADP ribose polymerase-driven decreases in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), hyperserotonemia, decreased monoamine oxidase, alterations in 14-3-3 proteins, microRNA alterations, dysregulated aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity, suboptimal mitochondria functioning, and decreases in the melatonergic pathways are intimately linked to this. Many of the above processes may be modulating, or mediated by, alterations in mitochondria functioning. Other bodies of data associated with ASD may also be incorporated within these basic processes, including how ASD risk factors such as maternal obesity and preeclampsia, as well as more general prenatal stressors, modulate the likelihood of offspring ASD. CONCLUSION Such a mitochondria-focussed integrated model of the pathophysiology of ASD has important preventative and treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Moonsang Seo
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna O Ojala
- Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Bock KW. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) functions: Balancing opposing processes including inflammatory reactions. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114093. [PMID: 32535108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) research has shifted from exploring dioxin toxicity to elucidation of physiologic AHR functions. Control of AHR functions is challenged by the fact that AHR is often involved in balancing opposing processes. Two AHR functions are discussed. (i) Microbial defense: intestinal microbiota commensals secrete AHR ligands that are important for maintaining epithelial integrity and generation of anti-inflammatory IL-22 by multiple immune cells. On the other hand, in case of microbial defense, AHR-regulated neutrophils and Th17 cells are involved in generation of bactericidal reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory stimuli. However, during the process of infection resolution, 'disease tolerance' is achieved. (ii) Energy, NAD+ and lipid metabolism: In obese individuals AHR is involved in either generation or inhibition of fatty liver and associated hepatitis. Inhibition of hepatitis is mainly achieved by regulating NAD+-controlled SIRT1, 3 and 6 activity. Interestingly, these enzymes are synergistically modulated by CD38, an NAD-consuming NAD-glycohydrolase. It is proposed that inflammatory responses may be beneficially modulated by AHR agonistic and CD38 inhibiting phytochemicals. Caveats in presence of carcinogenicity have to be taken into account. AHR research is an exciting field but therapeutic options remain challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Walter Bock
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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Chen Z, Cai A, Zheng H, Huang H, Sun R, Cui X, Ye W, Yao Q, Chen R, Kou L. Carbidopa suppresses prostate cancer via aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of androgen receptor. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:49. [PMID: 32404918 PMCID: PMC7220950 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbidopa, a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor used with L-DOPA to treat Parkinson’s disease, has attracted significant interest in recent years for its anticancer effect. Increasing evidence reveals that Carbidopa can inhibit cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in some cancers. However, the antitumor effect of Carbidopa in prostate cancer (PCa) is not fully understood. Androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in PCa, even in advanced “castrate-resistant” disease. In the present study, we report that Carbidopa suppresses the growth of PCa by downregulating the protein expression of AR. Carbidopa inhibits proliferation and migration of LNCaP cells and promotes apoptosis, but has no effect on the AR-independent prostate cell line DU145. Carbidopa increases ubiquitination of AR in LNCaP cells. Several studies have shown that AHR can act as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and promote the proteasomal degradation of AR. Quantitative RT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting assay demonstrate that AHR is induced and activated by Carbidopa, and the co-immunoprecipitation assay shows that AR interacts with AHR, firmly confirming that Carbidopa decreases AR protein level though AHR-induced proteasomal degradation. In addition, Carbidopa suppresses PCa growth in vivo when xenografted into immunocompromised mice. Carbidopa treatment increases AHR protein level and decreases AR protein level in tumor tissues. Taken together, our study implicates Carbidopa for the first time in effective suppression of prostate cancer via a mechanism, involving AHR-mediated proteasomal degradation of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Paediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Aimin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Hailun Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Huirong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Weijian Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Paediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Paediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China. .,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Paediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Longfa Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China. .,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Paediatric Pharmacy, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Tarnow P, Zordick C, Bottke A, Fischer B, Kühne F, Tralau T, Luch A. Characterization of Quinoline Yellow Dyes As Transient Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonists. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:742-750. [PMID: 31957441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) are two ligand activated transcription factors that are targeted by a wide range of anthropogenic compounds. Crosstalk between both receptors is well established but little understood. We previously developed a dual color luciferase assay (i.e., XEER) which allows time dissolved monitoring of the activation of both receptors in situ. The system was now used in conjunction with HPLC-qTOF to identify several quinophthalone dyes as transient receptor agonists of the AHR. Altogether the approach identified three widely used dyes, that is the plastic colorant latyl yellow 3G (LY), the structurally related textile dye disperse yellow 64 (DY), and the cosmetic dye quinoline yellow (QY). The latter was the most potent agonist followed by LY and DY as confirmed by the XEER assay and CYP1A1 gene induction in MCF7 cells. In addition QY, LY, and DY also inhibited ER signaling in an AHR-dependent manner. This establishes some evidence for quinoline yellow dyes as potential disruptors of AHR/ER signaling, raising potential toxicological concern. Although none of the dyes featured any signs of genotoxicity in vitro, our data point to the need for a systematic approach when screening for substances of potential toxicological and endocrine relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tarnow
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Catrin Zordick
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alex Bottke
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Berit Fischer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Kühne
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tewes Tralau
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Bock KW. Modulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the NAD +-consuming enzyme CD38: Searches of therapeutic options for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113905. [PMID: 32169417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has been characterized as multifunctional, ligand-activated transcription factor. Recently, evidence has been obtained that AHR is involved in NAD+ and energy homeostasis in cooperation with NAD+-consuming enzymes including CD38, TiPARP and sirtuins. AHR and CD38 may adversely or beneficially modulate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is associated with obesity, a worldwide major health problem. Although nutritional status and lifestyle are the major factors involved in the prevalence of obesity and NAFLD, modulation of AHR and CD38 has been demonstrated to provide therapeutic options. For example, inhibition of hepatic CD38 and activation of AHR, e.g., by dietary flavonoids may beneficially affect NAFLD. In addition, NAFLD-associated decrease of NAD+ may be restored by administration of the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Walter Bock
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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38
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Selective Ah receptor modulators attenuate NPC1L1-mediated cholesterol uptake through repression of SREBP-2 transcriptional activity. J Transl Med 2020; 100:250-264. [PMID: 31417158 PMCID: PMC6989381 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) to alter hepatic expression of cholesterol synthesis genes in a DRE-independent manner in mice and humans has been reported. We have examined the influence of functionally distinct classes of AHR ligands on the levels of Niemann-Pick C1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter (NPC1L1) and enzymes involved in the cholesterol synthesis pathway. NPC1L1 is known to mediate the intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol and is clinically targeted. AHR ligands were capable of attenuating cholesterol uptake through repression of NPC1L1 expression. Through mutagenesis experiments targeting the two DRE sequences present in the promoter region of the NPC1L1 gene, we provide evidence that the repression does not require functional DRE sequences; while knockdown experiments demonstrated that this regulation is dependent on AHR and sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2). Furthermore, upon ligand activation of AHR, the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line revealed coordinate repression of both mRNA and protein levels for a number of the cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes. Transcription of NPC1L1 and genes of the cholesterol synthesis pathway is predominantly regulated by SREBP-2, especially after treatment with a statin. Immunoblot analyses revealed a significant decrease in transcriptionally active SREBP-2 levels upon ligand treatment, whereas the precursor form of SREBP-2 was modestly increased by AHR activation. Mechanistic insights indicate that AHR induces proteolytic degradation of mature SREBP-2 in a calcium-dependent manner, which correlates with the AHR ligand-mediated upregulation of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 (TRPV6) gene encoding for a membrane calcium channel. These observations emphasize a role for AHR in the systemic homeostatic regulation of cholesterol synthesis and absorption, indicating the potential use of this receptor as a target for the treatment of hyperlipidosis-associated metabolic diseases.
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Abstract
Cullin-RING ligase 4 (CRL4), a member of the cullin-RING ligase family, orchestrates a variety of critical cellular processes and pathophysiological events. Recent results from mouse genetics, clinical analyses, and biochemical studies have revealed the impact of CRL4 in development and cancer etiology and elucidated its in-depth mechanism on catalysis of ubiquitination as a ubiquitin E3 ligase. Here, we summarize the versatile roles of the CRL4 E3 ligase complexes in tumorigenesis dependent on the evidence obtained from knockout and transgenic mouse models as well as biochemical and pathological studies.
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40
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Meyer-Alert H, Larsson M, Hollert H, Keiter SH. Benzo[a]pyrene and 2,3-benzofuran induce divergent temporal patterns of AhR-regulated responses in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109505. [PMID: 31394372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biotests like the fish embryo toxicity test have become increasingly popular in risk assessment and evaluation of chemicals found in the environment. The large range of possible endpoints is a big advantage when researching on the mode of action of a certain substance. Here, we utilized the frequently used model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio) to examine regulative mechanisms in the pathway of the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in early development. We exposed embryos to representatives of two chemical classes known to elicit dioxin-like activity: benzo[a]pyrene for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 2,3-benzofuran for polar O-substituted heterocycles as a member of heterocyclic compounds in general (N-, S-, O-heterocycles; NSO-hets). We measured gene transcription of the induced P450 cytochromes (cyp1), their formation of protein and biotransformation activity throughout the whole embryonic development until 5 days after fertilization. The results show a very specific time course of transcription depending on the chemical properties (e.g. halogenation, planarity, Kow), the physical decay and the biodegradability of the tested compound. However, although this temporal pattern was not precisely transferable onto the protein level, significant regulation in enzymatic activity over time could be detected. We conclude, that a careful choice of time and end point as well as consideration of the chemical properties of a substance are fairly important when planning, conducting and especially evaluating biotests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Meyer-Alert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
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Blevins LK, Zhou J, Crawford R, Kaminski NE. TCDD-mediated suppression of naïve human B cell IgM secretion involves aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated reduction in STAT3 serine 727 phosphorylation and is restored by interferon-γ. Cell Signal 2019; 65:109447. [PMID: 31678681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent environmental contaminant formed as a byproduct in organic synthesis and burning of organic materials. TCDD has potent immunotoxic effects in B lymphocytes resulting in decreased cellular activation and suppressed IgM secretion following activation with CD40 ligand. Previous work from our lab demonstrated that TCDD treatment of naïve human B cells resulted in significant increases in the levels of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, which corresponded with suppression of IgM secretion. STAT3 is a critical B cell transcription factor for B cell activation and secretion of immunoglobulins (Ig). STAT3 dimerizes and translocates to the nucleus following phosphorylation as a result of cytokine receptor signaling. We hypothesized that TCDD-mediated increases in SHP-1 could result in decreased STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation. Interestingly, only modest changes in the levels of STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation were observed. By contrast, TCDD significantly reduced levels of STAT3 serine phosphorylation as early as 12h post B cell activation. These results corresponded with decreased inhibitory phosphorylation of the serine specific phosphatase PP2a, which is regulated by SHP-1. Further, studies revealed that interferon gamma (IFNγ), which signals through the type II interferon receptor, can non-canonically induce STAT3 activation via Src kinase activity. Indeed, treatment of human B cells with IFNγ resulted in increased STAT3 serine phosphorylation and reversed TCDD-mediated suppression of the IgM response. Together, these data putatively identify a key event in the mechanism by which TCDD induces suppression of Ig secretion and demonstrate the potential of IFNγ as a means to reverse this effect in primary human B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance K Blevins
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jiajun Zhou
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Robert Crawford
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Norbert E Kaminski
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Center for Research on Ingredient Safety, MIchigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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Miao Y, Lv Q, Qiao S, Yang L, Tao Y, Yan W, Wang P, Cao N, Dai Y, Wei Z. Alpinetin improves intestinal barrier homeostasis via regulating AhR/suv39h1/TSC2/mTORC1/autophagy pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 384:114772. [PMID: 31676321 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The injury of intestinal epithelial barrier is considered as the key pathophysiological process in response to gastrointestinal infection and inflammation, and plays an important role in the initiation and development of colitis. Alpinetin has been shown to improve intestinal barrier homeostasis under colitis condition, but the mechanism is still unclear. Here, we showed that alpinetin significantly improved transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in TNF-α-stimulated Caco-2 cells, which was mainly mediated by inhibiting the apoptosis. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that alpinetin markedly increased the production of autophagosomes, along with obvious regulation of LC3B-II, beclin-1, p62, Atg7 and Atg5 expressions. In addition, it also markedly repressed the activation of mTORC1 signaling pathway, which was ascribed to TSC2 rather than p-AKT, p-ERK, p-AMPKα or PTEN expressions in Caco-2 and NCM460 cells. Furthermore, the enrichment of H3K9me3 at TSC2 promoter region was decreased and ubiquitin proteasome degradation of suv39h1 was increased. Additionally, alpinetin activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and promoted co-localization of AhR with suv39h1 in the cytoplasm. The relationship between alpinetin-regulated AhR/suv39h1/TSC2/mTORC1 signals, autophagy and apoptosis of Caco-2 and NCM460 cells was confirmed by using CH223191, siAhR, siTSC2 and chloroquine. Finally, CH223191 and leucine abolished alpinetin-mediated inhibition of intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis, improvement of intestinal epithelial barrier and amelioration of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Miao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Simiao Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Na Cao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Aichinger G, Krüger F, Puntscher H, Preindl K, Warth B, Marko D. Naturally occurring mixtures of Alternaria toxins: anti-estrogenic and genotoxic effects in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3021-3031. [PMID: 31559443 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alternaria molds can produce a variety of different mycotoxins, often resulting in food contamination with chemical mixtures, posing a challenge for risk assessment. Some of these metabolites possess estrogenic properties, an effect whose toxicological relevance is questioned in the light of the strong genotoxic and cytotoxic properties of co-occurring toxins. Thus, we tested a complex extract from A. alternata for estrogenic properties in Ishikawa cells. By assessing alkaline phosphatase activity, we did not observe estrogen receptor (ER) activation at non-cytotoxic concentrations (≤ 10 µg/ml). Furthermore, an extract stripped of highly genotoxic perylene quinones also did not mediate estrogenic effects, despite diminished genotoxic properties in the comet assay (≥ 10 µg/ml). Interestingly, both extracts impaired the estrogenicity of 17β-estradiol (E2) at non-cytotoxic concentrations (5-10 µg/ml), indicating anti-estrogenic effects which could not be explained by the presence of known mycoestrogens. A mechanism for this unexpected result might be the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by Alternaria metabolites, as indicated by the induction of CYP1A1 transcription. While a direct influence on the metabolism of E2 could not be confirmed by LC-MS/MS, literature describing a direct interplay of the AhR with estrogenic pathways points to a corresponding mode of action. Taken together, the present study indicates AhR-mediated anti-estrogenic effects as a novel mechanism of naturally co-occurring Alternaria toxin mixtures. Furthermore, our results confirm their genotoxic activity and raise questions about the contribution of still undiscovered metabolites to toxicological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Aichinger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Krüger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Puntscher
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Preindl
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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44
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Functions of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and CD38 in NAD metabolism and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113620. [PMID: 31465774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), identified in studies of dioxin toxicity, has been characterized as ligand-activated transcription factor involved in diverse functions including microbial defense, cell proliferation, immunity and NAD metabolism. AHR targets of the latter function are PARPs/ARTs and CD38 that are regulating glucose and lipid metabolism via NAD-dependent sirtuins. Deregulation of these pathways may facilitate obesity and age-dependent pathologies. The present commentary is focused on AHR and CD38 signaling in liver. CD38 is functioning as ectoNADase and Ca2+ mobilizing enzyme in endoplasmic reticulum and endolysosomal membranes. Deregulation of TCDD-activated AHR and CD38 may facilitate hepatic steatosis and inflammation. However, these proteins are also involved in protection against inflammation and CD38-mediated age-related decreased NAD levels that may be responsible for neurodegeneration. Further knowledge about the complexity of these pathways is needed to avoid pathologies. Therapeutic modulation of AHR and CD38 remains a challenging task.
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Muku GE, Blazanin N, Dong F, Smith PB, Thiboutot D, Gowda K, Amin S, Murray IA, Perdew GH. Selective Ah receptor ligands mediate enhanced SREBP1 proteolysis to restrict lipogenesis in sebocytes. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:146-158. [PMID: 31225620 PMCID: PMC6736396 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced toxicity that can lead to chloracne in humans. A characteristic of chloracne, in contrast to acne vulgaris, is shrinkage or loss of sebaceous glands. Acne vulgaris, on the other hand, is often accompanied by excessive sebum production. Here, we examined the role of AHR in lipid synthesis in human sebocytes using distinct classes of AHR ligands. Modulation of AHR activity attenuated the expression of lipogenic genes and key pro-inflammatory markers in the absence of canonical DRE-driven transcription of the AHR target gene CYP1A1. Furthermore, topical treatment with TCDD, which mediates DRE-dependent activity, and SGA360, which fails to induce DRE-mediated responses, both exhibited a decrease in the size of sebaceous glands and the number of sebocytes within each gland in the skin. To elucidate the mechanism of AHR-mediated repression of lipid synthesis, we demonstrated that selective AHR modulators, SGA360 and SGA315 increased the protein turnover of the mature sterol regulatory element-binding protein (mSREBP-1), the principal transcriptional regulator of the fatty acid synthesis pathway. Interestingly, selective AHR ligand treatment significantly activated the AMPK-dependent kinase (AMPK) in sebocytes. Moreover, we demonstrated an inverse correlation between the active AMPK and the mSREBP-1 protein, which is consistent with the previously reported role of AMPK in inhibiting cleavage of SREBP-1. Overall, our findings indicate a DRE-independent function of selective AHR ligands in modulating lipid synthesis in human sebocytes, which might raise the possibility of using AHR as a therapeutic target for treatment of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum E Muku
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas Blazanin
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fangcong Dong
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Philip B Smith
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Diane Thiboutot
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology or Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology or Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Iain A Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Bock KW. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR): From selected human target genes and crosstalk with transcription factors to multiple AHR functions. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:65-70. [PMID: 31228464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence including studies of AHR-deficient mice and TCDD toxicity suggests multiple physiologic AHR functions. Challenges to identify responsible mechanisms are due to marked species differences and dependence upon cell type and cellular context. Transient AHR modulation is often necessary for physiologic functions whereas TCDD-mediated sustained receptor activation has been demonstrated to be responsible for toxic outcomes. To stimulate studies on responsible action mechanisms the commentary is focused on human AHR target genes and crosstalk with transcription factors. Discussed AHR functions include chemical and microbial defense, organ development, modulation of immunity and inflammation, reproduction, and NAD+-dependent energy metabolism. Obviously, much more work is needed to elucidate action mechanisms. In particular, studies of pathways leading to NAD+-dependent energy metabolism may shed light on the puzzling species differences of TCDD-mediated lethality and provide options for treatment of obesity and age-related degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Walter Bock
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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Sampath C, Sprouse JC, Freeman ML, Gangula PR. Activation of Nrf2 attenuates delayed gastric emptying in obesity induced diabetic (T2DM) female mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:132-143. [PMID: 30831189 PMCID: PMC6738571 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic gastroparesis (GP) is a clinical syndrome characterized by delayed gastric emptying (DGE). Loss of Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) led to reduced nNOSα mediated gastric motility and DGE. The molecular signaling of cinnamaldehyde (CNM) mediated Nrf2 activation and its mechanistic role on DGE were further investigated in obese/T2D female mice. Adult female homozygous Nfe2l2-/- (C57BL/6J) and their wild-type (WT) littermates (Nfe2l2+/+) mice were fed with high fat diet (HFD; Obese/T2D model), or normal diet (ND) with or without CNM (50 mg/kg b.w; i.p). Supplementation of CNM attenuated (p < 0.05) DGE in WT female but not in Nrf2 KO Obese/T2D mice. CNM (1) normalized serum estradiol-17β levels, (2) induced gastric Nrf2 and phase II antioxidant enzymes through extracellular signal-regulated kinase, (ERK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), (3) reduced glucose synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and this was associated with (4) increased estrogen receptor expression, BH4 (Cofactor of nNOS) biosynthesis enzyme GCH-1 and nNOSα dimerization in WT Obese/T2 diabetic female mice. In addition, CNM restored impaired nitrergic relaxation in hyperglycemic conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of Nrf2 in maintaining nNOSα mediated GE and may have a translational relevance to treat obese/diabetic gastroparesis in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan Sampath
- Department of ODS & Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeremy C Sprouse
- School of Graduate Studies & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pandu R Gangula
- Department of ODS & Research, School of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
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48
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Bock KW. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) functions in NAD + metabolism, myelopoiesis and obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:128-132. [PMID: 30779909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diverse physiologic functions of AHR, a transcription factor discovered in studies of dioxin toxicity, are currently elucidated in many laboratories including chemical and microbial defense, immunity and myelopoiesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that AHR may also be involved in obesity and TCDD-mediated lethality in sensitive species. Underlying mechanisms include NAD+- and sirtuin-mediated deregulation of lipid, glucose and NAD+ homeostasis. Progress in NAD metabolome research suggests large consumption of NAD+ by NAD glycohydrolases (NADases) and NAD-dependent sirtuins. In focus are two NADases: (i) TiPARP (TCDD-induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase), one of several nuclear NADases, and (ii) plasma membrane-bound ectoNADase/CD38, a multifunctional enzyme and receptor. CD38 is involved in extra- and intracellular NAD degradation but acts also as differentiation marker. Both CD38 and AHR are components of a complex signalsome that enhances retinoic acid-induced differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells to granulocytes. Further advances of NAD metabolome research may lead to therapeutic options in the control of obesity and to improved risk assessment of TCDD toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Walter Bock
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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49
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Mohamed HT, Gadalla R, El-Husseiny N, Hassan H, Wang Z, Ibrahim SA, El-Shinawi M, Sherr DH, Mohamed MM. Inflammatory breast cancer: Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its target CYP1B1 correlates closely with Wnt5a/b-β-catenin signalling, the stem cell phenotype and disease progression. J Adv Res 2018; 16:75-86. [PMID: 30899591 PMCID: PMC6413307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AHR is over-expressed and hyperactivated in carcinoma tissues of IBC patients. AHR knockdown inhibits expression of CYP1B1 and Wnt5a in IBC cells. AHR and CYP1B1 expression correlates with Wnt5 a/b and b-catenin expression levels. AHR and CYP1B1 expression correlates with percentage of CD44(+)/CD24(−/low) subset in IBC. AHR and its surrogate molecules correlate with IBC poor prognosis.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and its target gene CYP1B1 and to correlate their expression with Wnt5a/b-β-catenin, the CD44+/CD24(−/low) cancer stem cell (CSC) subset and factors associated with poor prognosis in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and non-IBC patients. The methods of analysis used were quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Compared to non-IBC tissues, IBC tissues exhibited the overexpression of AHR and its target gene/protein CYP1B1. AHR and CYP1B1 mRNA levels were associated with the poor clinical prognosis markers tumour grade, lymphovascular invasion, cell proliferation and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, AHR expression correlated with the expression of Wnt5a/b and β-catenin signalling molecules, and Wnt5a mRNA expression was downregulated in the SUM149 human IBC cell line and the MDA-MB-231 non-IBC cell line upon inhibition of AHR. AHR gene knockout (CRISPR-Cas9) inhibits CYP1B1 and Wnt5a expression in the IBC cell line. The CD44+/CD24(−/low) subset was significantly correlated with the expression of AHR, CYP1B1, Wnt5a/b and β-catenin in IBC tissues. The overexpression of AHR and its target CYP1B1 correlated with the expression of Wnt5a/b and β-catenin, CSCs, and poor clinical prognostic factors of IBC. Thus, targeting AHR and/or its downstream target molecules CYP1B1 and Wnt5a/b may represent a therapeutic approach for IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam T Mohamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ramy Gadalla
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Noura El-Husseiny
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah Hassan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sherif A Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shinawi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - David H Sherr
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mona M Mohamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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50
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Shinde R, McGaha TL. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: Connecting Immunity to the Microenvironment. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:1005-1020. [PMID: 30409559 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a cytoplasmic receptor and transcription factor activated through cognate ligand binding. It is an important factor in immunity and tissue homeostasis, and structurally diverse compounds from the environment, diet, microbiome, and host metabolism can induce AhR activity. Emerging evidence suggests that AhR is a key sensor allowing immune cells to adapt to environmental conditions and changes in AhR activity have been associated with autoimmune disorders and cancer. Furthermore, AhR agonists or antagonists can impact immune disease outcomes identifying AhR as a potentially actionable target for immunotherapy. In this review, we describe known ligands stimulating AhR activity, downstream proinflammatory and suppressive mechanisms potentiated by AhR, and how this understanding is being applied to immunopathology to help control disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shinde
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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