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Sufina Nazar S, Ayyappan JP. Mechanistic evaluation of myristicin on apoptosis and cell cycle regulation in breast cancer cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23740. [PMID: 38779996 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The current study was focused on the anticancer activity of myristicin against MCF-7 human breast cancer (BC) cells. BC is the most common and leading malignant disease in women worldwide. Now-a-days, various conventional therapies are used against BC and still represent a chief challenge because those treatments fail to differentiate normal cells from malignant cells, and they have severe side effects also. So, there is a need develop new therapies to decrease BC-related morbidity and mortality. Myristicin, a 1‑allyl‑5‑methoxy‑3, 4‑methylenedioxybenzene, is a main active aromatic compound present in various spices, such as nutmeg, mace, carrot, cinnamon, parsely and some essential oils. Myristicin has a wide range of effects, including antitumor, antioxidative and antimicrobial activity. Nevertheless, the effects of myristicin on human BC cells remain largely unrevealed. The cytotoxicity effect of myristicin on MCF‑7 cells was increased dose dependently detected by (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and Lactate Dehydrogenase assays. Myristicin was found to be significantly inducing the cell apoptosis, as compared to control, using acridine orange/ethidium bromide, Hoechst stain and annexin V. Moreover, it activates cell antimigration, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase. In addition, myristicin induces the expression of apoptosis and cell cycle genes (Caspases8, Bax, Bid, Bcl2, PARP, p53, and Cdk1) was demonstrated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and apoptosis proteins (c-PARP, Caspase 9, Cytochrome C, PDI) expression was also analyzed with western blot. Overall, we illustrated that myristicin could regulate apoptosis signaling pathways in MCF-7 BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhina Sufina Nazar
- Translational Nanomedicine and Lifestyle Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Advanced Cancer Research, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Janeesh Plakkal Ayyappan
- Translational Nanomedicine and Lifestyle Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Advanced Cancer Research, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Chang JS, Chen CY, Tikhomirov AS, Islam A, Liang RH, Weng CW, Wu WH, Shchekotikhin AE, Chueh PJ. Bis(chloroacetamidino)-Derived Heteroarene-Fused Anthraquinones Bind to and Cause Proteasomal Degradation of tNOX, Leading to c-Flip Downregulation and Apoptosis in Oral Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194719. [PMID: 36230644 PMCID: PMC9562014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary New-generation anthraquinone derivatives attached with different heterocycles and bearing chloroacetamidines in the side chains have been synthesized to reduce side effects and drug resistance. In this study, we identified the cellular target of the studied compounds through ligand binding assays and in silico simulations. Our results illustrate that the studied compounds bound to and targeted the tumor-associated NADH oxidase (tNOX) in oral cancer cells. tNOX is a growth-related protein and is found to be expressed in cancer cells but not in non-transformed cells, and its knockdown by RNA interference in tumor cells overturns cancer phenotypes, supporting its role in cellular growth. We also identified that tNOX bound to the studied compounds and underwent degradation, which was correlated with apoptosis induction in oral cancer cells. Abstract Anthraquinone-based intercalating compounds, namely doxorubicin and mitoxantrone, have been used clinically based on their capacity to bind DNA and induce DNA damage. However, their applications have been limited by side effects and drug resistance. New-generation anthraquinone derivatives fused with different heterocycles have been chemically synthesized and screened for higher anticancer potency. Among the compounds reported in our previous study, 4,11-bis(2-(2-chloroacetamidine)ethylamino)anthra[2,3-b]thiophene-5,10-dione dihydrochloride (designated 2c) was found to be apoptotic, but the direct cellular target responsible for the cytotoxicity remained unknown. Here, we report the synthesis and anticancer properties of two other derivatives, 4,11-bis(2-(2-chloroacetamidine)ethylamino)naphtho[2,3-f]indole-5,10-dione dihydrochloride (2a) and 4,11-bis(2-(2-chloroacetamidine)ethylamino)-2-methylanthra[2,3-b]furan-5,10-dione dihydrochloride (2b). We sought to identify and validate the protein target(s) of these derivatives in oral cancer cells, using molecular docking simulations and cellular thermal shift assays (CETSA). Our CETSA results illustrate that these derivatives targeted the tumor-associated NADH oxidase (tNOX, ENOX2), and their direct binding downregulated tNOX in p53-functional SAS and p53-mutated HSC-3 cells. Interestingly, the compounds targeted and downregulated tNOX to reduce SIRT1 deacetylase activity and increase Ku70 acetylation, which triggers c-Flip ubiquitination and induces apoptosis in oral cancer cells. Together, our data highlight the potential value of these heteroarene-fused anthraquinones in managing cancer by targeting tNOX and augmenting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng Shiun Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung 41265, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | | | - Atikul Islam
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Hao Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Weng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hou Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Andrey E. Shchekotikhin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.E.S.); (P.J.C.); Tel.: +7-499-246-0228 (A.E.S.); +886-4-22840896 (P.J.C.)
| | - Pin Ju Chueh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (A.E.S.); (P.J.C.); Tel.: +7-499-246-0228 (A.E.S.); +886-4-22840896 (P.J.C.)
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The cross-talk of autophagy and apoptosis in breast carcinoma: implications for novel therapies? Biochem J 2022; 479:1581-1608. [PMID: 35904454 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is still the most common cancer in women worldwide. Resistance to drugs and recurrence of the disease are two leading causes of failure in treatment. For a more efficient treatment of patients, the development of novel therapeutic regimes is needed. Recent studies indicate that modulation of autophagy in concert with apoptosis induction may provide a promising novel strategy in breast cancer treatment. Apoptosis and autophagy are two tightly regulated distinct cellular processes. To maintain tissue homeostasis abnormal cells are disposed largely by means of apoptosis. Autophagy, however, contributes to tissue homeostasis and cell fitness by scavenging of damaged organelles, lipids, proteins, and DNA. Defects in autophagy promote tumorigenesis, whereas upon tumor formation rapidly proliferating cancer cells may rely on autophagy to survive. Given that evasion of apoptosis is one of the characteristic hallmarks of cancer cells, inhibiting autophagy and promoting apoptosis can negatively influence cancer cell survival and increase cell death. Hence, combination of antiautophagic agents with the enhancement of apoptosis may restore apoptosis and provide a therapeutic advantage against breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk of autophagy and apoptosis and the diverse facets of autophagy in breast cancer cells leading to novel models for more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Interaction between the Hepatitis B Virus and Cellular FLIP Variants in Viral Replication and the Innate Immune System. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020373. [PMID: 35215970 PMCID: PMC8874586 DOI: 10.3390/v14020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During viral evolution and adaptation, many viruses have utilized host cellular factors and machinery as their partners. HBx, as a multifunctional viral protein encoded by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), promotes HBV replication and greatly contributes to the development of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBx interacts with several host factors in order to regulate HBV replication and evolve carcinogenesis. The cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme (FLICE)-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a major factor that functions in a variety of cellular pathways and specifically in apoptosis. It has been shown that the interaction between HBx and c-FLIP determines HBV fate. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of the interplay between c-FLIP and HBV in various environmental circumstances. We describe strategies adapted by HBV to establish its chronic infection. We also summarize the conventional roles of c-FLIP and highlight the functional outcome of the interaction between c-FLIP and HBV or other viruses in viral replication and the innate immune system.
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TRPM7 Ion Channel: Oncogenic Roles and Therapeutic Potential in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246322. [PMID: 34944940 PMCID: PMC8699295 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor and the second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The risk of developing breast cancer is 12.8%, i.e., 1 in 8 people, and a woman’s risk of dying is approximately 1 in 39. Calcium signals play an important role in various cancers and transport calcium ions may have altered expression in breast cancer, such as the TRPM7 calcium permeant ion channel, where overexpression may be associated with a poor prognosis. This review focuses on the TRPM7 channel, and the oncogenic roles studied so far in breast cancer. The TRPM7 ion channel is suggested as a potential and prospective target in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Abstract The transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) is a divalent cations permeant channel but also has intrinsic serine/threonine kinase activity. It is ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues and studies have indicated that it participates in important physiological and pharmacological processes through its channel-kinase activity, such as calcium/magnesium homeostasis, phosphorylation of proteins involved in embryogenesis or the cellular process. Accumulating evidence has shown that TRPM7 is overexpressed in human pathologies including breast cancer. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women with an incidence rate increase of around 0.5% per year since 2004. The overexpression of TRPM7 may be associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients, so more efforts are needed to research a new therapeutic target. TRPM7 regulates the levels of Ca2+, which can alter the signaling pathways involved in survival, cell cycle progression, proliferation, growth, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and thus determines cell behavior, promoting tumor development. This work provides a complete overview of the TRPM7 ion channel and its main involvements in breast cancer. Special consideration is given to the modulation of the channel as a potential target in breast cancer treatment by inhibition of proliferation, migration and invasion. Taken together, these data suggest the potential exploitation of TRPM7 channel-kinase as a therapeutic target and a diagnostic biomarker.
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Ang KP, Chan PF, Hamid RA. Induction of apoptosis on ovarian adenocarcinoma cells, A2780 by tricyclohexylphosphanegold (I) mercaptobenzoate derivatives via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:833-853. [PMID: 34476610 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tricyclohexylphosphanegold(I) n-mercaptobenzoate (n = 2, 3, 4) labelled as 1-3 were previously reported to significantly suppress thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activities towards ovarian cancer cells, A2780, in vitro. Herein, we explored the role of 1-3 for their apoptosis inducing ability against A2780 cells. 1-3 exhibited IC50 values at 1.19 ± 0.03 µM, 2.28 ± 0.04 μM and 0.78 ± 0.01 μM, respectively, compared to cisplatin at 26.8 ± 0.15 µM. The compounds induced A2780 apoptosis via a caspase-dependent mitochondrion pathway as evidenced by ROS production, cytochrome c release, caspases-3/7, -8, -9 and -10 activation, APAF1 and BAX upregulation as well as BCL2A1 and BCL2 genes' downregulation. In addition, the death mode of 1-3 was also mediated via death receptor extrinsic pathway manifested by FAS, FASL, FADD, and TNFR1 genes' upregulation via Human Rt PCR analysis. In addition, 1-3 significantly caused A2780 arrest at S phase, which was associated with the upregulation of TP53, E2F1, RB1 and CDKN1A upregulation and downregulation of CDK1, CDK4, CDC25A and CDC25C genes. Based on these promising results, these phosphanegold(I) thiolate derivatives could act as feasible candidates for further advanced in vivo ovarian cancer studies to develop novel chemotherapeutic agents derived from metal-based agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Pian Ang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pit Foong Chan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roslida Abd Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Liang YH, Wu JM, Teng JW, Hung E, Wang HS. Embelin downregulated cFLIP in breast cancer cell lines facilitate anti-tumor effect of IL-1β-stimulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14720. [PMID: 34282169 PMCID: PMC8289868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death for women. In breast cancer treatment, targeted therapy would be more effective and less harmful than radiotherapy or systemic chemotherapy. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal cells. Mesenchymal stem cells have shown great therapeutic potential in cancer therapy owing to their ability of homing to tumor sites and secreting many kinds of anti-tumor proteins including TRAIL. In this study, we found that IL-1β-stimulated human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) enhance the expression of membrane-bound and soluble TRAIL. Cellular FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme inhibitory protein (cFLIP) is an important regulator in TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and relates to TRAIL resistance in cancer cells. Previous studies have shown that embelin, which is extracted from Embelia ribes, can increase the TRAIL sensitivity of cancer cells by reducing cFLIP expression. Here we have demonstrated that cFLIPL is correlated with TRAIL-resistance and that embelin effectively downregulates cFLIPL in breast cancer cells. Moreover, co-culture of IL-1β-stimulated hUCMSCs with embelin-treated breast cancer cells could effectively induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The combined effects of embelin and IL-1β-stimulated hUCMSCs may provide a new therapeutic strategy for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Han Liang
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Peitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiann-Ming Wu
- General Surgery Division, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Wen Teng
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Peitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Eric Hung
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Peitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hwai-Shi Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Peitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
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Wang J, Li T, Zan H, Rivera CE, Yan H, Xu Z. LUBAC Suppresses IL-21-Induced Apoptosis in CD40-Activated Murine B Cells and Promotes Germinal Center B Cell Survival and the T-Dependent Antibody Response. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658048. [PMID: 33953720 PMCID: PMC8089397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell activation by Tfh cells, i.e., through CD154 engagement of CD40 and IL-21, and survival within GCs are crucial for the T-dependent Ab response. LUBAC, composed of HOIP, SHARPIN, and HOIL-1, catalyzes linear ubiquitination (Linear M1-Ub) to mediate NF-κB activation and cell survival induced by TNF receptor superfamily members, which include CD40. As shown in this study, B cells expressing the Sharpin null mutation cpdm (Sharpincpdm) could undergo proliferation, CSR, and SHM in response to immunization by a T-dependent Ag, but were defective in survival within GCs, enrichment of a mutation enhancing the BCR affinity, and production of specific Abs. Sharpincpdm B cells stimulated in vitro with CD154 displayed normal proliferation and differentiation, marginally impaired NF-κB activation and survival, but markedly exacerbated death triggered by IL-21. While activating the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway in both Sharpin+/+ and Sharpincpdm B cells, IL-21 induced Sharpincpdm B cells to undergo sustained activation of caspase 9 and caspase 8 of the mitochondria-dependent and independent pathway, respectively, and ultimately caspase 3 in effecting apoptosis. These were associated with loss of the caspase 8 inhibitor cFLIP and reduction in cFLIP Linear M1-Ub, which interferes with cFLIP poly-ubiquitination at Lys48 and degradation. Finally, the viability of Sharpincpdm B cells was rescued by caspase inhibitors but virtually abrogated – together with Linear M1-Ub and cFLIP levels – by a small molecule HOIP inhibitor. Thus, LUBAC controls the cFLIP expression and inhibits the effects of caspase 8 and IL-21-activated caspase 9, thereby suppressing apoptosis of CD40 and IL-21-activated B cells and promoting GC B cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianbao Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Hong Zan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Carlos E Rivera
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Zhenming Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Paul T, Roy R, Sarkar RD, Sinha S, Biswas N. H 2O 2 mediated FLIP and XIAP down-regulation involves increased ITCH expression and ERK-Akt crosstalk in imatinib resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia cell line K562. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:265-276. [PMID: 33631302 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of anti-apoptotic protein FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) remains a crucial step in the cell fate determination and thus targeting these anti-apoptotic proteins could be a viable strategy for the treatment of cancer. However the regulation of FLIP and XIAP is not very well established till date. Here we have shown that ROS decreased XIAP and FLIP by activation of ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway in imatinib resistant K562 cells. Activation of the components of MAPK pathway, ERK and JNK, played a crucial role in XIAP and FLIP degradation because ectopic expression or knock down of ERK and JNK changed the pattern of ROS mediated down-regulation of these two proteins. We have also found that JNK and ERK differentially regulates FLIP and XIAP, respectively. Moreover, our data suggests that activated ERK decreased Akt phosphorylation and thus its binding to and stabilization of XIAP. On the other hand, JNK activation increased E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH expression and its binding to FLIP which leads to its degradation. Thus, we have, for the first time elucidated that ROS mediated ERK-Akt crosstalk regulates XIAP. We have also shown for the first time that ROS regulates ITCH expression which controls FLIP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamalika Paul
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajdeep Roy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Rupak Dey Sarkar
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Samraj Sinha
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Nabendu Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
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Kim SY, Hwang S, Choi MK, Park S, Nam KY, Kim I. Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of the small molecule AMC-04 on apoptosis: Roles of the activating transcription factor 4-C/EBP homologous protein-death receptor 5 pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 332:109277. [PMID: 33007289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an emerging target pathway for cancer treatment owing to its ability to induce cell death. In our previous analysis of UPR-modulating small molecules, we had reported that piperazine oxalate derivative compounds (AMC-01-04) are able to promote increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2 alpha (eIF2α). In this study, we found that AMC-04 induces apoptotic cell death via the activation of UPR in human breast and liver cancer cells. AMC-04 upregulated the expression of activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4)-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and death receptor 5 (DR5) in cancer cells, as revealed by microarray analysis, small-interference RNA assay, and western blotting. From a mechanistic perspective, cytotoxic UPR pathway activation by AMC-04 is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling. A chemical informatics approach predicted that AMC-04 modulates histone methyltransferase activity. Based on biochemical analysis, the activity of histone methyltransferases, including SUV39H1, SUV39H2, SETDB1, and EHMT1, was inhibited by AMC-04. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of the identified target proteins induced UPR activation and apoptotic cell death, suggesting that inhibition of histone methyltransferases is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Taken together, we showed that the small molecule AMC-04 modulates epigenetic enzyme activity and mediates the link between cytotoxic UPR and histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Supyong Hwang
- Convergence Medicine Research Center (CREDIT), ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Choi
- Convergence Medicine Research Center (CREDIT), ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Park
- Convergence Medicine Research Center (CREDIT), ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ky Youb Nam
- Pharosibio, Heungan Daero 427, Anyang, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inki Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center (CREDIT), ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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Hassanzadeh A, Naimi A, Hagh MF, Saraei R, Marofi F, Solali S. Kaempferol Improves TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis in Leukemia MOLT-4 Cells by the Inhibition of Anti-apoptotic Proteins and Promotion of Death Receptors Expression. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1835-1845. [PMID: 31364517 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190731155859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL or Apo2L) is a member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) superfamily, which stimulates apoptosis in a wide range of cancer cells through binding to Death Receptors 4 and 5 (DR4/5). Nevertheless, TRAIL has noticeable anti-cancer abilities; some cancer cells acquire resistance to TRAIL, and consequently, its potential for inducing apoptosis in target cells is strongly diminished. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia MOLT-4 cell line is one of the most resistant cells to TRAIL that developed resistance to TRAIL through different pathways. TRAIL plus kaempferol was used to eliminate the resistance of the MOLT-4 cells to TRAIL. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, IC50 for kaempferol (95μM) was determined by using the MTT assay. Secondly, the viability of the MOLT-4 cells was assayed by FACS after Annexin V/PI staining, following treatment with TRAIL (50 and 100nM) and kaempferol (95μM) alone and in combination. Finally, the expression levels of the candidate genes involved in resistance to TRAIL were assayed by real-time PCR technique. RESULTS Kaempferol plus TRAIL induced apoptosis robustly in MOLT-4 cells at 12, 24 and 48 hours after treatment. Additionally, it was found that kaempferol could inhibit the expression of c-FLIP, X-IAP, cIAP1/2, FGF-8 and VEGF-beta, and conversely augment the expression of DR4/5 in MOLT-4 cells. CONCLUSION It is suggested that co-treatment of MOLT-4 cells with TRAIL plus kaempferol is a practical and attractive approach to eliminate cancers' resistance to TRAIL by inhibition of the intracellular anti-apoptotic proteins, upregulation of DR4/5 and also by suppression of the VEGF-beta (VEGFB) and FGF-8 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassanzadeh
- Immunology research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adel Naimi
- Immunology research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid F Hagh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raedeh Saraei
- Immunology research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Solali
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Ren N, Chen L, Li B, Rankin GO, Chen YC, Tu Y. Purified Tea ( Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Flower Saponins Induce the p53-Dependent Intrinsic Apoptosis of Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4324. [PMID: 32560563 PMCID: PMC7352341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is currently ranked at fifth in cancer deaths among women. Patients who have undergone cisplatin-based chemotherapy can experience adverse effects or become resistant to treatment, which is a major impediment for ovarian cancer treatment. Natural products from plants have drawn great attention in the fight against cancer recently. In this trial, purified tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) flower saponins (PTFSs), whose main components are Chakasaponin I and Chakasaponin IV, inhibited the growth and proliferation of ovarian cancer cell lines A2780/CP70 and OVCAR-3. Flow cytometry, caspase activity and Western blotting analysis suggested that such inhibitory effects of PTFSs on ovarian cancer cells were attributed to the induction of cell apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway rather than extrinsic pathway. The p53 protein was then confirmed to play an important role in PTFS-induced intrinsic apoptosis, and the levels of its downstream proteins such as caspase families, Bcl-2 families, Apaf-1 and PARP were regulated by PTFS treatment. In addition, the upregulation of p53 expression by PTFSs were at least partly induced by DNA damage through the ATM/Chk2 pathway. The results help us to understand the mechanisms underlying the effects of PTFSs on preventing and treating platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ren
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (N.R.); (L.C.); (B.L.)
- College of Health, Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, 101 College Hill Drive, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Lianfu Chen
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (N.R.); (L.C.); (B.L.)
- College of Health, Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, 101 College Hill Drive, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (N.R.); (L.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Gary O. Rankin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA;
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Health, Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, 101 College Hill Drive, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (N.R.); (L.C.); (B.L.)
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13
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Dittmann J, Haydn T, Metzger P, Ward GA, Boerries M, Vogler M, Fulda S. Next-generation hypomethylating agent SGI-110 primes acute myeloid leukemia cells to IAP antagonist by activating extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:1878-1895. [PMID: 31831875 PMCID: PMC7244748 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic efficacy of first-generation hypomethylating agents (HMAs) is limited in elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Therefore, combination strategies with targeted therapies are urgently needed. Here, we discover that priming with SGI-110 (guadecitabine), a next-generation HMA, sensitizes AML cells to ASTX660, a novel antagonist of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 and 2 (cIAP1/2) and X-linked IAP (XIAP). Importantly, SGI-110 and ASTX660 synergistically induced cell death in a panel of AML cell lines as well as in primary AML samples while largely sparing normal CD34+ human progenitor cells, underlining the translational relevance of this combination. Unbiased transcriptome analysis revealed that SGI-110 alone or in combination with ASTX660 upregulated the expression of key regulators of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways such as TNFRSF10B (DR5), FAS, and BAX. Individual knockdown of the death receptors TNFR1, DR5, and FAS significantly reduced SGI-110/ASTX660-mediated cell death, whereas blocking antibodies for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or FAS ligand (FASLG) failed to provide protection. Also, TNFα-blocking antibody Enbrel had little protective effect on SGI-110/ASTX660-induced cell death. Further, SGI-110 and ASTX660 acted in concert to promote cleavage of caspase-8 and BID, thereby providing a link between extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Consistently, sequential treatment with SGI-110 and ASTX660-triggered loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and BAX activation which contributes to cell death, as BAX silencing significantly protected from SGI-110/ASTX660-mediated apoptosis. Together, these events culminated in the activation of caspases-3/-7, nuclear fragmentation, and cell death. In conclusion, SGI-110 and ASTX660 cooperatively induced apoptosis in AML cells by engaging extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, highlighting the therapeutic potential of this combination for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dittmann
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tinka Haydn
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Metzger
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Albert Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Albert Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meike Vogler
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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14
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Song C, Choi S, Oh KB, Sim T. Suppression of TRPM7 enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:10037-10050. [PMID: 32468675 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7) composed of an ion channel and a kinase domain regulates triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell migration, invasion, and metastasis, but it does not modulate TNBC proliferation. However, previous studies have shown that the combination treatment of nonselective TRPM7 channel inhibitors (2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and Gd3+ ) with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) increases antiproliferative effects and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells and hepatic stellate cells. We, therefore, investigated the potential role of TRPM7 in proliferation and apoptosis of TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells) with TRAIL. We demonstrated that suppression of TRPM7 via TRPM7 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition synergistically increases TRAIL-induced antiproliferative effects and apoptosis in TNBC cells. Furthermore, we showed that the synergistic interaction might be associated with TRPM7 channel activities using combination treatments of TRAIL and TRPM7 inhibitors (NS8593 as a TRPM7 channel inhibitor and TG100-115 as a TRPM7 kinase inhibitor). We reveal that downregulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein via inhibition of Ca2+ influx might be involved in the synergistic interaction. Our study would provide both a new role of TRPM7 in TNBC cell apoptosis and a potential combinatorial therapeutic strategy using TRPM7 inhibitors with TRAIL in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiman Song
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghye Choi
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taebo Sim
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Smyth P, Sessler T, Scott CJ, Longley DB. FLIP(L): the pseudo-caspase. FEBS J 2020; 287:4246-4260. [PMID: 32096279 PMCID: PMC7586951 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Possessing structural homology with their active enzyme counterparts but lacking catalytic activity, pseudoenzymes have been identified for all major enzyme groups. Caspases are a family of cysteine‐dependent aspartate‐directed proteases that play essential roles in regulating cell death and inflammation. Here, we discuss the only human pseudo‐caspase, FLIP(L), a paralog of the apoptosis‐initiating caspases, caspase‐8 and caspase‐10. FLIP(L) has been shown to play a key role in regulating the processing and activity of caspase‐8, thereby modulating apoptotic signaling mediated by death receptors (such as TRAIL‐R1/R2), TNF receptor‐1 (TNFR1), and Toll‐like receptors. In this review, these canonical roles of FLIP(L) are discussed. Additionally, a range of nonclassical pseudoenzyme roles are described, in which FLIP(L) functions independently of caspase‐8. These nonclassical pseudoenzyme functions enable FLIP(L) to play key roles in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes beyond its canonical roles as a modulator of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Smyth
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Tamas Sessler
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Christopher J Scott
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
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16
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Zhu S, Min Z, Qiao X, Chen S, Yang J, Zhang X, Liu X, Ran W, Lv R, Lin Y, Wang J. Expression profile-based screening for critical genes reveals S100A4, ACKR3 and CDH1 in docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12754-12772. [PMID: 31895690 PMCID: PMC6949054 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel is a first-line anticancer drug widely used in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited by its side effects and the development of chemoresistance by the tumor. Using a gene differential expression microarray, we identified 449 genes differentially expressed in docetaxel-resistant DU145 and PC3 cell lines as compared to docetaxel-sensitive controls. Moreover, western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed altered expression of S100A4, ACKR3 and CDH1in clinical tumor samples. Cytoscape software was used to investigate the relationship between critical proteins and their signaling transduction networks. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that these signaling pathways were closely related to cellular proliferation, cell adhesion, cell migration and metastasis. In addition, ACKR3 knockout using the crispr/cas9 method andS100A4knockdownusing targeted shRNA exerted additive effects suppressing cancer cell proliferation and migration. This exploratory analysis provides information about potential candidate genes. It also provides new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying docetaxel-resistance in androgen-independent prostate cancer and highlights potential targets to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhu
- Key laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Center of Infection and Immunization, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Chemoprevention, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhixue Min
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xianli Qiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Chemoprevention, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shengxian Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Chemoprevention, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Center of Infection and Immunization, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xigang Liu
- Key laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Center of Infection and Immunization, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Ran
- Key laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Center of Infection and Immunization, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Renguang Lv
- Key laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Center of Infection and Immunization, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ying Lin
- Key laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Center of Infection and Immunization, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Center of Infection and Immunization, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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17
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Wong SHM, Kong WY, Fang CM, Loh HS, Chuah LH, Abdullah S, Ngai SC. The TRAIL to cancer therapy: Hindrances and potential solutions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 143:81-94. [PMID: 31561055 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an ordered and orchestrated cellular process that occurs in physiological and pathological conditions. Resistance to apoptosis is a hallmark of virtually all malignancies. Despite being a cause of pathological conditions, apoptosis could be a promising target in cancer treatment. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), also known as Apo-2 ligand (Apo2L), is a member of TNF cytokine superfamily. It is a potent anti-cancer agent owing to its specific targeting towards cancerous cells, while sparing normal cells, to induce apoptosis. However, resistance occurs either intrinsically or after multiple treatments which may explain why cancer therapy fails. This review summarizes the apoptotic mechanisms via extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, as well as the apoptotic resistance mechanisms. It also reviews the current clinically tested recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) and TRAIL receptor agonists (TRAs) against TRAIL-Receptors, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, in which the outcomes of the clinical trials have not been satisfactory. Finally, this review discusses the current strategies in overcoming resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in pre-clinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia How Ming Wong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei Yang Kong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Mun Fang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hwei-San Loh
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400 UPM, Malaysia; UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400 UPM, Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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18
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Zhang Y, Xie ZY, Guo XT, Xiao XH, Xiong LX. Notch and breast cancer metastasis: Current knowledge, new sights and targeted therapy. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2743-2755. [PMID: 31452752 PMCID: PMC6704289 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of invasive cancer in females and metastasis is one of the major causes of breast cancer-associated mortality. Following detachment from the primary site, disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) enter the bloodstream and establish secondary colonies during the metastatic process. An increasing amount of studies have elucidated the importance of Notch signaling in breast cancer metastasis; therefore, the present review focuses on the mechanisms by which Notch contributes to the occurrence of breast cancer DTCs, increases their motility, establishes interactions with the tumor microenvironment, protects DTCs from host surveillance and finally facilitates secondary colonization. Identification of the underlying mechanisms of Notch-associated breast cancer metastasis will provide additional insights that may contribute towards the development of novel Notch-targeted therapeutic strategies, which may aid in reducing metastasis, culminating in an improved patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Yan Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Tong Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Xiao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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19
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Le Clorennec C, Lazrek Y, Dubreuil O, Sampaio C, Larbouret C, Lanotte R, Poul MA, Barret JM, Prost JF, Pèlegrin A, Chardès T. ITCH-dependent proteasomal degradation of c-FLIP induced by the anti-HER3 antibody 9F7-F11 promotes DR5/caspase 8-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:106. [PMID: 31443721 PMCID: PMC6708219 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HER3/ErbB3 receptor deletion or blockade leads to tumor cell apoptosis, whereas its overexpression confers anti-cancer drug resistance through upregulation of protective mechanisms against apoptosis. We produced the anti-HER3 antibody 9F7-F11 that promotes HER3 ubiquitination and degradation via JNK1/2-dependent activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH, and that induces apoptosis of cancer cells. Cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a key regulator of apoptotic pathways. Here, we wanted to determine the mechanisms underlying the pro-apoptotic effect of 9F7-F11. Methods Anti-HER3 antibody-induced apoptosis was assessed by western blot, and by flow cytometry measurement of Annexin V/7-AAD-labelled tumor cells (BxPC3, MDA-MB-468 and DU145 cell lines). c-FLIP/ITCH interaction and subsequent degradation/ubiquitination were investigated by co-immunoprecipitation of ITCH-silenced vs scramble control cells. The relationship between ITCH-mediated c-FLIP degradation and antibody-induced apoptosis was examined by western blot and flow cytometry of tumor cells, after ITCH RNA interference or by pre-treatment with ITCH chemical inhibitor chlorimipramine (CI). Results Following incubation with 9F7-F11, cancer cell apoptosis occurs through activation of caspase-8, − 9 and − 3 and the subsequent cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Moreover we showed that ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the anti-apoptotic protein c-FLIP was mediated by USP8-regulated ITCH recruitment. This effect was abrogated by ITCH- and USP8-specific RNA interference (siRNA), or by the ITCH chemical inhibitor CI. Specifically, ITCH silencing or CI blocked 9F7-F11-induced caspase-8-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells, and restored c-FLIP expression. ITCH-silencing or CI concomitantly abrogated HER3-specific antibody-induced apoptosis of Annexin V/7-AAD-labelled BxPC3 cells. 9F7-F11 favored the extrinsic apoptosis pathway by inducing TRAIL-R2/DR5 upregulation and TRAIL expression that promoted the formation of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), leading to caspase-8-mediated apoptosis. Incubation with 9F7-F11 also induced BID cleavage, BAX upregulation and BIM expression, which initiated the caspase-9/3-mediated mitochondrial death pathway. The anti-HER3 antibody pro-apoptotic effect occurred concomitantly with downregulation of the pro-survival proteins c-IAP2 and XIAP. Conclusions The allosteric non-neuregulin competing modulator 9F7-F11, sensitizes tumor cells to DR5/caspase-8-mediated apoptosis through ITCH-dependent downregulation of c-FLIP. Graphical abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0413-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Le Clorennec
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), F-34298, Montpellier, France.,Present Address: UCSD School of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0815, USA
| | - Yassamine Lazrek
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), F-34298, Montpellier, France.,Present Address: Institut Pasteur de Guyane, F- 97306, Cayenne, France
| | - Olivier Dubreuil
- GamaMabs Pharma SA, Centre Pierre Potier, F-31106, Toulouse, France
| | - Carla Sampaio
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Immunothérapie des Cancers, EA7269, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Christel Larbouret
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), F-34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Lanotte
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), F-34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Alix Poul
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), F-34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marc Barret
- GamaMabs Pharma SA, Centre Pierre Potier, F-31106, Toulouse, France
| | | | - André Pèlegrin
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), F-34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Chardès
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), F-34298, Montpellier, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France.
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20
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Luebke T, Schwarz L, Beer YY, Schumann S, Misterek M, Sander FE, Plaza-Sirvent C, Schmitz I. c-FLIP and CD95 signaling are essential for survival of renal cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:384. [PMID: 31097685 PMCID: PMC6522538 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most-prominent tumor type of kidney cancers. Resistance of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) against tumor therapy is often owing to apoptosis resistance, e.g., by overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins. However, little is known about the role of the apoptosis inhibitor c-FLIP and its potential impact on death receptor-induced apoptosis in ccRCC cells. In this study, we demonstrate that c-FLIP is crucial for resistance against CD95L-induced apoptosis in four ccRCC cell lines. Strikingly, downregulation of c-FLIP expression by short hairpin RNA (shRNA)interference led to spontaneous caspase activation and apoptotic cell death. Of note, knockdown of all c-FLIP splice variants was required to induce apoptosis. Stimulation of ccRCC cells with CD95L induced NF-κB and MAP kinase survival pathways as revealed by phosphorylation of RelA/p65 and Erk1/2. Interestingly, CD95L surface expression was high in all cell lines analyzed, and CD95 but not TNF-R1 clustered at cell contact sites. Downstream of CD95, inhibition of the NF-κB pathway led to spontaneous cell death. Surprisingly, knockdown experiments revealed that c-FLIP inhibits NF-κB activation in the context of CD95 signaling. Thus, c-FLIP inhibits apoptosis and dampens NF-κB downstream of CD95 but allows NF-κB activation to a level sufficient for ccRCC cell survival. In summary, we demonstrate a complex CD95-FLIP-NF-κB-signaling circuit, in which CD95-CD95L interactions mediate a paracrine survival signal in ccRCC cells with c-FLIP and NF-κB both being required for inhibiting cell death and ensuring survival. Our findings might lead to novel therapeutic approaches of RCC by circumventing apoptosis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Luebke
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yan Yan Beer
- Systems-Oriented Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schumann
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maria Misterek
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frida Ewald Sander
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Plaza-Sirvent
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Schmitz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Systems-Oriented Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Li LN, Wang L, Cheng YN, Cao ZQ, Zhang XK, Guo XL. Discovery and Characterization of 4-Hydroxy-2-pyridone Derivative Sambutoxin as a Potent and Promising Anticancer Drug Candidate: Activity and Molecular Mechanism. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4898-4911. [PMID: 30223653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sambutoxin, a representative derivative of 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone, was isolated from Hericium alpestre for the first time in this study. The possible correlation between the sambutoxin-induced suppression of tumor growth and its influence on cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis was investigated. The effects of sambutoxin on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cell apoptosis, and the expression of related proteins were evaluated. An in vitro cell viability study demonstrated that sambutoxin could inhibit the proliferation of various cancer cells. Treatment with sambutoxin induced the production of ROS, which caused DNA damage. Furthermore, the subsequent sambutoxin-induced activation of ATM and Chk2 resulted in G2/M arrest, accompanied by decreased expression of cdc25C, cdc2, and cyclin B1. Sambutoxin induced apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway through an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), cytochrome (Cyt) c release, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) degradation. The ROS elevation induced the sustained phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), while SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, nearly completely reversed sambutoxin-induced apoptosis. Accordingly, an in vivo study showed that sambutoxin exhibited potential antitumor activity in a BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model without significant systemic toxicity. Moreover, the expression changes in proteins related to the G2/M phase, DNA damage, and apoptosis in vivo were consistent with those in vitro. Importantly, sambutoxin has remarkable antiproliferative effects and is a promising anticarcinogen candidate for cancer treatment.
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22
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Piggott L, Silva A, Robinson T, Santiago-Gómez A, Simões BM, Becker M, Fichtner I, Andera L, Young P, Morris C, Barrett-Lee P, Alchami F, Piva M, Vivanco MDM, Clarke RB, Gee J, Clarkson R. Acquired Resistance of ER-Positive Breast Cancer to Endocrine Treatment Confers an Adaptive Sensitivity to TRAIL through Posttranslational Downregulation of c-FLIP. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2452-2463. [PMID: 29363524 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: One third of ER-positive breast cancer patients who initially respond to endocrine therapy become resistant to treatment. Such treatment failure is associated with poor prognosis and remains an area of unmet clinical need. Here, we identify a specific posttranslational modification that occurs during endocrine resistance and which results in tumor susceptibility to the apoptosis-inducer TRAIL. This potentially offers a novel stratified approach to targeting endocrine-resistant breast cancer.Experimental Design: Cell line and primary-derived xenograft models of endocrine resistance were investigated for susceptibility to TRAIL. Tumor viability, cancer stem cell (CSC) viability (tumorspheres), tumor growth kinetics, and metastatic burden were assessed. Western blots for the TRAIL-pathway inhibitor, c-FLIP, and upstream regulators were performed. Results were confirmed in primary culture of 26 endocrine-resistant and endocrine-naïve breast tumors.Results: Breast cancer cell lines with acquired resistance to tamoxifen (TAMR) or faslodex were more sensitive to TRAIL than their endocrine-sensitive controls. Moreover, TRAIL eliminated CSC-like activity in TAMR cells, resulting in prolonged remission of xenografts in vivo In primary culture, TRAIL significantly depleted CSCs in 85% endocrine-resistant, compared with 8% endocrine-naïve, tumors, whereas systemic administration of TRAIL in endocrine-resistant patient-derived xenografts reduced tumor growth, CSC-like activity, and metastases. Acquired TRAIL sensitivity correlated with a reduction in intracellular levels of c-FLIP, and an increase in Jnk-mediated phosphorylation of E3-ligase, ITCH, which degrades c-FLIP.Conclusions: These results identify a novel mechanism of acquired vulnerability to an extrinsic cell death stimulus, in endocrine-resistant breast cancers, which has both therapeutic and prognostic potential. Clin Cancer Res; 24(10); 2452-63. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Piggott
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Andreia Silva
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Robinson
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Angelica Santiago-Gómez
- Breast Biology Group, Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno M Simões
- Breast Biology Group, Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Becker
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Iduna Fichtner
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Ladislav Andera
- Department of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Philippa Young
- Cardiff and Vale UHB Breast Centre, University Hospital of Llandough, Llandough, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Morris
- Cardiff and Vale UHB Breast Centre, University Hospital of Llandough, Llandough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fouad Alchami
- Cardiff and Vale UHB, Histopathology, University Hospital Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Piva
- CIC bioGUNE, Technological Park of Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | | | - Robert B Clarke
- Breast Biology Group, Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Gee
- School of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Clarkson
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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23
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Prachayasittikul V, Prachayasittikul S, Ruchirawat S, Prachayasittikul V. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum): A promising functional food toward the well-being. Food Res Int 2017; 105:305-323. [PMID: 29433220 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum) or coriander is one of the most popularly used spices in culinary worldwide, and its medicinal values has been recognized since ancient time. C. sativum contains bioactive phytochemicals that are accounted for a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, analgesic, migraine-relieving, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, antimicrobial, and antiinflammatory activities. The major compound, linalool, abundantly found in seeds is remarked for its abilities to modulate many key pathogenesis pathways of diseases. Apart from the modulating effects, the potent antioxidant property of the C. sativum provides a key mechanism behind its protective effects against neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and metabolic syndrome. This review shed light on comprehensive aspects regarding the therapeutic values of the C. sativum, which indicate its significance of being a promising functional food for promoting the well-being in the era of aging and lifestyle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veda Prachayasittikul
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Supaluk Prachayasittikul
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Commission on Higher Education (CHE), Ministry of Education, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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24
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Inhibitory Effects of Total Triterpenoid Saponins Isolated from the Seeds of the Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) on Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101649. [PMID: 28974006 PMCID: PMC6151552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is regarded as one of the most severe malignancies for women in the world. Death rates have remained steady over the past five decades, due to the undeniable inefficiency of the current treatment in preventing its recurrence and death. The development of new effective alternative agents for ovarian cancer treatment is becoming increasingly critical. Tea saponins (TS) are triterpenoidsaponins composed of sapogenins, glycosides, and organic acids, which possess a variety of pharmacological activities, and have shown promise in the anti-cancer field. Through cell CellTiter 96® Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation assay (MTS) assay, colony formation, Hoechst 33342 staining assay, caspase-3/7 activities, flow cytometry for apoptosis analysis, and Western blot, we observed that TS isolated from the seeds of tea plants, Camellia sinensis, exhibited strong anti-proliferation inhibitory effects on OVCAR-3 and A2780/CP70 ovarian cancer cell lines. Our results indicate that TS may selectivity inhibit human ovarian cancer cells by mediating apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway, and initiating anti-angiogenesis via decreased VEGF protein levels in a HIF-1α-dependent pathway. Our data suggests that, in the future, TS could be incorporated into a potential therapeutic agent against human ovarian cancer.
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25
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Das S, Filippone SM, Williams DS, Das A, Kukreja RC. Beet root juice protects against doxorubicin toxicity in cardiomyocytes while enhancing apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 421:89-101. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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McLaughlin KA, Nemeth Z, Bradley CA, Humphreys L, Stasik I, Fenning C, Majkut J, Higgins C, Crawford N, Holohan C, Johnston PG, Harrison T, Hanna GG, Butterworth KT, Prise KM, Longley DB. FLIP: A Targetable Mediator of Resistance to Radiation in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2432-2441. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Toriyama S, Horinaka M, Yasuda S, Taniguchi T, Aono Y, Takamura T, Morioka Y, Miki T, Ukimura O, Sakai T. A Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, OBP-801, and Celecoxib Synergistically Inhibit the Cell Growth with Apoptosis via a DR5-Dependent Pathway in Bladder Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2066-75. [PMID: 27406983 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer with metastasis is poor. There have been no therapeutic improvements for many years, and an innovative therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer has been awaited to replace the conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Here, we show a candidate method for the treatment of bladder cancer. The combined treatment with a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, OBP-801, and celecoxib synergistically inhibited cell growth and markedly induced apoptosis through the caspase-dependent pathway in high-grade bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, the combined treatment induced expression of death receptor 5 (DR5). We identified that knockdown of DR5 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly suppressed apoptosis by the combined treatment. Therefore, we conjectured that the apoptosis induced by OBP-801 and celecoxib is at least partially dependent on DR5. However, it was interesting that the combined treatment drastically suppressed expression of DR5 ligand, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). These data suggest that there is no involvement of TRAIL in the induction of apoptosis by the combination, regardless of the dependence of DR5. Moreover, xenograft studies using human bladder cancer cells showed that the combined therapy suppressed tumor growth by upregulating expressions of DR5 and Bim. The inhibition of tumor growth was significantly more potent than that of each agent alone, without significant weight loss. This combination therapy provided a greater benefit than monotherapy in vitro and in vivo These data show that the combination therapy with OBP-801 and celecoxib is a potential novel therapeutic strategy for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2066-75. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seijiro Toriyama
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mano Horinaka
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Shusuke Yasuda
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Aono
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Takamura
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukako Morioka
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuneharu Miki
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. Department of Urology, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Osamu Ukimura
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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28
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Tian F, Hu Y, Sun X, Lu G, Li Y, Yang J, Tao J. Suppression of c‑FLIPL promotes JNK activation in malignant melanoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2904-8. [PMID: 26847085 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The up‑regulation of cellular Fas‑associated death domain‑like interleukin‑1β‑converting enzyme (FLICE)‑like inhibitory protein (c‑FLIP) has been reported in various tumor types, and has been previously shown to be associated with the clinicopathological features of melanoma. To assess its potential role in cancer therapy, the present study evaluated the effects of short hairpin (sh)RNAs of different c‑FLIP isoforms on cellular proliferation and c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. Human c‑FLIP shRNA plasmids were constructed and transfected into the A875 melanoma cell line. It was observed that c‑FLIP shRNA exhibited strong inhibitory effects against the levels of phosphorylated‑JNK and inhibited cellular proliferation in A875 cells. Thus, this indicated that c‑FLIP long form shRNA serves a specific inhibitory role in cellular proliferation through inducing the activation of the JNK pathway in A875 cells. The present study provided insight into the development of RNAi based therapies for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450015, P.R. China
| | - Yange Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450015, P.R. China
| | - Xixi Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450015, P.R. China
| | - Gaihui Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450015, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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29
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Silva VC, Plooster M, Leung JC, Cassimeris L. A delay prior to mitotic entry triggers caspase 8-dependent cell death in p53-deficient Hela and HCT-116 cells. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:1070-81. [PMID: 25602147 PMCID: PMC4612104 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1007781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stathmin/Oncoprotein 18, a microtubule destabilizing protein, is required for survival of p53-deficient cells. Stathmin-depleted cells are slower to enter mitosis, but whether delayed mitotic entry triggers cell death or whether stathmin has a separate pro-survival function was unknown. To test these possibilities, we abrogated the cell cycle delay by inhibiting Wee1 in synchronized, stathmin-depleted cells and found that apoptosis was reduced to control levels. Synchronized cells treated with a 4 hour pulse of inhibitors to CDK1 or both Aurora A and PLK1 delayed mitotic entry and apoptosis was triggered only in p53-deficient cells. We did not detect mitotic defects downstream of the delayed mitotic entry, indicating that cell death is activated by a mechanism distinct from those activated by prolonged mitotic arrest. Cell death is triggered by initiator caspase 8, based on its cleavage to the active form and by rescue of viability after caspase 8 depletion or treatment with a caspase 8 inhibitor. In contrast, initiator caspase 9, activated by prolonged mitotic arrest, is not activated and is not required for apoptosis under our experimental conditions. P53 upregulates expression of cFLIPL, a protein that blocks caspase 8 activation. cFLIPL levels are lower in cells lacking p53 and these levels are reduced to a greater extent after stathmin depletion. Expression of FLAG-tagged cFLIPL in p53-deficient cells rescues them from apoptosis triggered by stathmin depletion or CDK1 inhibition during G2. These data indicate that a cell cycle delay in G2 activates caspase 8 to initiate apoptosis specifically in p53-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Silva
- a Department of Biological Sciences ; Lehigh University ; Bethlehem , PA USA
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30
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Tsuchiya Y, Nakabayashi O, Nakano H. FLIP the Switch: Regulation of Apoptosis and Necroptosis by cFLIP. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30321-41. [PMID: 26694384 PMCID: PMC4691174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
cFLIP (cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein) is structurally related to caspase-8 but lacks proteolytic activity due to multiple amino acid substitutions of catalytically important residues. cFLIP protein is evolutionarily conserved and expressed as three functionally different isoforms in humans (cFLIPL, cFLIPS, and cFLIPR). cFLIP controls not only the classical death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptosis pathway, but also the non-conventional pattern recognition receptor-dependent apoptotic pathway. In addition, cFLIP regulates the formation of the death receptor-independent apoptotic platform named the ripoptosome. Moreover, recent studies have revealed that cFLIP is also involved in a non-apoptotic cell death pathway known as programmed necrosis or necroptosis. These functions of cFLIP are strictly controlled in an isoform-, concentration- and tissue-specific manner, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system plays an important role in regulating the stability of cFLIP. In this review, we summarize the current scientific findings from biochemical analyses, cell biological studies, mathematical modeling, and gene-manipulated mice models to illustrate the critical role of cFLIP as a switch to determine the destiny of cells among survival, apoptosis, and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Tsuchiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Osamu Nakabayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
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31
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SOPHONNITHIPRASERT THANET, NILWARANGKOON SIRINUN, NAKAMURA YUKIO, WATANAPOKASIN RAMIDA. Goniothalamin enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells through DR5 upregulation and cFLIP downregulation. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:2188-96. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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32
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Jia X, Wang D, Gao N, Cao H, Zhang H. Atrazine Triggers the Extrinsic Apoptosis Pathway in Lymphocytes of the Frog Pelophylax nigromaculata in Vivo. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:2010-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Jia
- College
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China, 310036
- Key
Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China, 310036
| | - Dandan Wang
- College
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China, 310036
| | - Nana Gao
- College
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China, 310036
| | - Hui Cao
- College
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China, 310036
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- College
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China, 310036
- Key
Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China, 310036
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Lee SW, Cho JM, Cho HJ, Kang JY, Kim EK, Yoo TK. Expression levels of heat shock protein 27 and cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein in prostate cancer correlate with Gleason score sum and pathologic stage. Korean J Urol 2015; 56:505-14. [PMID: 26175869 PMCID: PMC4500807 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2015.56.7.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Heat shock protein (HSP) 27 protects the cell by controlling apoptosis and immune reactions, and c-FLIP (cellular-FLICE inhibitory protein) inhibits apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-8 activity. We investigated the relationship of HSP27 and c-FLIP expression to prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score sum (GSS), and pathologic stage. Materials and Methods Samples from 163 patients between May 2004 and April 2010 were analyzed: 83 from patients that had underwent a radical prostatectomy, and 80 from those that underwent transurethral resection of the prostate to alleviate urinary symptoms from benign prostate hyperplasia. c-FLIP and HSP27 expression were observed by immunohistochemistry staining. Samples with less than 5% expression-positive cells were scored as 1, with 5%-50% were scored as 2, and with more than 50% were scored as 3. Local reactions were identified as 0.5 and evaluated. Results Both the presence of HSP27 within the tumor and the number of cancer cells positive for HSP27 were significantly correlated to GSS and pathologic stage (p<0.001, p=0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001). The same was true for c-FLIP expression (p<0.001). GSS was more highly correlated to HSP27 expression than to c-FLIP expression (r=0.814 for HSP27, r=0.776 for c-FLIP), as was pathologic stage (r=0.592 for HSP27, r=0.554 for c-FLIP). Conclusions In prostate cancer, higher GSS and a more advanced pathologic stage were associated with a higher likelihood of having a HSP27-positive tumor and more HSP27-positive tumor cells. HSP27 expression was correlated with GSS and prostate cancer stage. A more advanced pathologic stage corresponded to a higher likelihood of having a c-FLIP-positive tumor and more c-FLIP-positive tumor cells. HSP27 expression had a higher correlation with prostate cancer stage and GSS than c-FLIP expression did.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Wook Lee
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Jeoung Man Cho
- Department of Urology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hee Ju Cho
- Department of Urology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Kang
- Department of Urology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tag Keun Yoo
- Department of Urology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Marini ES, Giampietri C, Petrungaro S, Conti S, Filippini A, Scorrano L, Ziparo E. The endogenous caspase-8 inhibitor c-FLIPL regulates ER morphology and crosstalk with mitochondria. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1131-43. [PMID: 25501600 PMCID: PMC4572861 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of the death receptor-mediated pathways like caspase-8 have been identified in complexes at intracellular membranes to spatially restrict the processing of local targets. In this study, we report that the long isoform of the cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP(L)), a well-known inhibitor of the extrinsic cell death initiator caspase-8, localizes at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). ER morphology was disrupted and ER Ca(2+)-release as well as ER-mitochondria tethering was decreased in c-FLIP(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Mechanistically, c-FLIP ablation resulted in enhanced basal caspase-8 activation and in caspase-mediated processing of the ER-shaping protein reticulon-4 (RTN4) that was corrected by re-introduction of c-FLIP(L) and caspase inhibition, resulting in the recovery of a normal ER morphology and ER-mitochondria juxtaposition. Thus, the caspase-8 inhibitor c-FLIP(L) emerges as a component of the MAMs signaling platforms, where caspases appear to regulate ER morphology and ER-mitochondria crosstalk by impinging on ER-shaping proteins like the RTN4.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Marini
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO – Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Giampietri
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO – Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Petrungaro
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO – Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Conti
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO – Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Filippini
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO – Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - E Ziparo
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO – Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Zeng L, Hu C, Zhang F, Xu DC, Cui MZ, Xu X. Cellular FLICE-like Inhibitory Protein (c-FLIP) and PS1-associated Protein (PSAP) Mediate Presenilin 1-induced γ-Secretase-dependent and -independent Apoptosis, Respectively. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18269-80. [PMID: 26025363 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.640177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilin 1 (PS1) has been implicated in apoptosis; however, its mechanism remains elusive. We report that PS1-induced apoptosis was associated with cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) turnover and that γ-secretase inhibitor blocked c-FLIP turnover and also partially blocked PS1-induced apoptosis. A complete inhibition of PS1-induced apoptosis was achieved by knockdown of PS1-associated protein (PSAP), a mitochondrial proapoptotic protein that forms a complex with Bax upon induction of apoptosis, in the presence of γ-secretase inhibitor. PS1-induced apoptosis was partially inhibited by knockdown of caspase-8, Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), or Bid. However, knockdown of Bax or overexpression of Bcl-2 resulted in complete inhibition of PS1-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that PS1 induces apoptosis through two pathways: the γ-secretase-dependent pathway mediated by turnover of c-FLIP and the γ-secretase-independent pathway mediated by PSAP-Bax complex formation. These two pathways converge on Bax to activate mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms by which PS1 is involved in apoptosis and the mechanism by which PS1 exerts its pathogenic effects. In addition, our results suggest that PS2 induces apoptosis through a pathway that is different from that of PS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zeng
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Chen Hu
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and the Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 and
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Daniel C Xu
- the Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Mei-Zhen Cui
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Xuemin Xu
- From the Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
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Hwang EY, Jeong MS, Park SY, Jang SB. Evidence of complex formation between FADD and c-FLIP death effector domains for the death inducing signaling complex. BMB Rep 2015; 47:488-93. [PMID: 24355299 PMCID: PMC4206723 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.9.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptor protein FADD forms the death inducing signaling complex (DISC) by recruiting the initiating caspases-8 and -10 through homotypic death effector domain (DED) interactions. Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is an inhibitor of death ligand-induced apoptosis downstream of death receptors, and FADD competes with procaspase-8/10 for recruitment for DISC. However, the mechanism of action of FADD and c-FLIP proteins remain poorly understood at the molecular level. In this study, we provide evidence indicating that the death effector domain (DED) of FADD interacts directly with the death effector domain of human c-FLIP. In addition, we use homology modeling to develop a molecular docking model of FADD and c-FLIP proteins. We also find that four structure-based mutants (E80A, L84A, K169A and Y171A) of c-FLIP DEDs disturb the interaction with FADD DED, and that these mutations lower the stability of the c-FLIP DED. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(9): 488-493]
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Mi Suk Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Se Bok Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
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A novel bispidinone analog induces S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1526-32. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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BIN1 tumor suppressor regulates Fas/Fas ligand–mediated apoptosis through c-FLIP in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2015; 29:1402-13. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Li B, Gao Y, Rankin GO, Rojanasakul Y, Cutler SJ, Tu Y, Chen YC. Chaetoglobosin K induces apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest through p53-dependent pathway in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:418-33. [PMID: 25304379 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adverse side effects and acquired resistance to conventional platinum based chemotherapy have become major impediments in ovarian cancer treatment, and drive the development of more selective anticancer drugs. Chaetoglobosin K (ChK) was shown to have a more potent growth inhibitory effect than cisplatin on two cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, OVCAR-3 and A2780/CP70, and was less cytotoxic to a normal ovarian cell line, IOSE-364, than to the cancer cell lines. Hoechst 33342 staining and Flow cytometry analysis indicated that ChK induced preferential apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest in both ovarian cancer cells with respect to the normal ovarian cells. ChK induced apoptosis through a p53-dependent caspase-8 activation extrinsic pathway, and caused G2 cell cycle arrest via cyclin B1 by increasing p53 expression and p38 phosphorylation in OVCAR-3 and A2780/CP70 cells. DR5 and p21 might play an important role in determining the sensitivity of normal and malignant ovarian cells to ChK. Based on these results, ChK would be a potential compound for treating platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA; Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Gao
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA; Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gary O Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Stephen J Cutler
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA.
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Tang ELH, Rajarajeswaran J, Fung SY, Kanthimathi MS. Antioxidant activity of Coriandrum sativum and protection against DNA damage and cancer cell migration. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:347. [PMID: 24517259 PMCID: PMC4028854 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coriandrum sativum is a popular culinary and medicinal herb of the Apiaceae family. Health promoting properties of this herb have been reported in pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological studies. However, studies on C. sativum have always focused on the aerial parts of the herb and scientific investigation on the root is limited. The aim of this research was to investigate the antioxidant and anticancer activities of C. sativum root, leaf and stem, including its effect on cancer cell migration, and its protection against DNA damage, with special focus on the roots. METHODS Powdered roots, leaves and stems of C. sativum were extracted through sequential extraction using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. Total phenolic content, FRAP and DPPH radical scavenging activities were measured. Anti-proliferative activitiy on the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, was assayed using the MTT assay. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and of the caspases-3, -8 and -9 were assayed on treatment with the extract. Cell cycle progression was analysed using flow cytometry. The scratch motility assay was used to assess inhibition of MCF-7 cell migration. DNA damage in 3 T3-L1 fibroblasts was evaluated by the comet assay. The components in the extract were identified by HPLC and GC-MS. RESULTS The ethyl acetate extract of C. sativum roots showed the highest antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 200.0 ± 2.6 μg/mL) and had the highest phenolic content, FRAP and DPPH scavenging activities among the extracts. C. sativum root inhibited DNA damage and prevented MCF-7 cell migration induced by H2O2, suggesting its potential in cancer prevention and inhibition of metastasis. The extract exhibited anticancer activity in MCF-7 cells by affecting antioxidant enzymes possibly leading to H2O2 accumulation, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptotic cell death by the death receptor and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first report on the antioxidant and anticancer properties of C. sativum root. The herb shows potential in preventing oxidative stress-related diseases and would be useful as supplements used in combination with conventional drugs to enhance the treatment of diseases such as cancer.
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Abstract
Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a major resistance factor and critical anti-apoptotic regulator that inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Fas-L, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis as well as chemotherapy-triggered apoptosis in malignant cells. c-FLIP is expressed as long (c-FLIP(L)), short (c-FLIP(S)), and c-FLIP(R) splice variants in human cells. c-FLIP binds to FADD and/or caspase-8 or -10 in a ligand-dependent and-independent fashion, which in turn prevents death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade. Moreover, c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) are known to have multifunctional roles in various signaling pathways, as well as activating and/or upregulating several cytoprotective signaling molecules. Upregulation of c-FLIP has been found in various tumor types, and its downregulation has been shown to restore apoptosis triggered by cytokines and various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, c-FLIP is an important target for cancer therapy. For example, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that specifically knockdown the expression of c-FLIP(L) in diverse human cancer cell lines augmented TRAIL-induced DISC recruitment and increased the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, thereby enhancing effector caspase stimulation and apoptosis. Moreover, small molecules causing degradation of c-FLIP as well as decreasing mRNA and protein levels of c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) splice variants have been found, and efforts are underway to develop other c-FLIP-targeted cancer therapies. This review focuses on (1) the functional role of c-FLIP splice variants in preventing apoptosis and inducing cytokine and drug resistance; (2) the molecular mechanisms that regulate c-FLIP expression; and (3) strategies to inhibit c-FLIP expression and function.
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killerFLIP: a novel lytic peptide specifically inducing cancer cell death. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e894. [PMID: 24176852 PMCID: PMC3920952 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the objectives in the development of effective cancer therapy is induction of tumor-selective cell death. Toward this end, we have identified a small peptide that, when introduced into cells via a TAT cell-delivery system, shows a remarkably potent cytoxicity in a variety of cancer cell lines and inhibits tumor growth in vivo, whereas sparing normal cells and tissues. This fusion peptide was named killerFLIP as its sequence was derived from the C-terminal domain of c-FLIP, an anti-apoptotic protein. Using structure activity analysis, we determined the minimal bioactive core of killerFLIP, namely killerFLIP-E. Structural analysis of cells using electron microscopy demonstrated that killerFLIP-E triggers cell death accompanied by rapid (within minutes) plasma membrane permeabilization. Studies of the structure of the active core of killerFLIP (-E) indicated that it possesses amphiphilic properties and self-assembles into micellar structures in aqueous solution. The biochemical properties of killerFLIP are comparable to those of cationic lytic peptides, which participate in defense against pathogens and have also demonstrated anticancer properties. We show that the pro-cell death effects of killerFLIP are independent of its sequence similarity with c-FLIPL as killerFLIP-induced cell death was largely apoptosis and necroptosis independent. A killerFLIP-E variant containing a scrambled c-FLIPL motif indeed induced similar cell death, suggesting the importance of the c-FLIPL residues but not of their sequence. Thus, we report the discovery of a promising synthetic peptide with novel anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo.
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Dual silencing of Hsp27 and c-FLIP enhances doxazosin-induced apoptosis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:174392. [PMID: 23853530 PMCID: PMC3703906 DOI: 10.1155/2013/174392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated effect of dual gene silencing of Hsp27 and c-FLIP in doxazosin-induced apoptosis of PC-3 cell. After transfection using Hsp27 and c-FLIP siRNA mixture (dual silencing), doxazosin treatment was done at the concentrations of 1, 10, and 25 μM. We checked apoptosis of PC-3 cells with and TUNEL staining. We also checked interaction between Hsp27 and C-FLIP in the process of apoptosis inhibition. Spontaneous apoptotic index was 5% under single gene silencing of Hsp27 and c-FLIP and 7% under dual silencing of Hsp27 and c-FLIP. When doxazosin treatment was added, apoptotic indices increased in a dose-dependent manner (1, 10, and 25 μM): nonsilencing 10, 27, and 52%; Hsp27-silencing: 14, 35, and 68%; c-FLIP silencing: 21, 46, and 78%; dual silencing: 38, 76, and 92%. While c-FLIP gene expression decreased in Hsp27- silenced cells, Hsp27 gene expression showed markedly decreased pattern in the cells of c-FLIP silencing. The knockout of c-FLIP and Hsp27 genes together enhances apoptosis even under 1 μM, rather than low concentration, of doxazosin in PC-3 cells. This finding suggests a new strategy of multiple knockout of antiapoptotic and survival factors in the treatment of late-stage prostate cancer refractory to conventional therapy.
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Portanova P, Notaro A, Pellerito O, Sabella S, Giuliano M, Calvaruso G. Notch inhibition restores TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via AP1-dependent upregulation of DR4 and DR5 TRAIL receptors in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:121-30. [PMID: 23686163 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch is a family of transmembrane receptors whose activation through proteolytic cleavage by γ-secretase targets genes which participate in cell development, differentiation and tumorigenesis. Notch signaling is constitutively activated in various cancers, including breast cancer and its upregulation is usually related with poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, targeting Notch signaling with γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) is considered a promising strategy for cancer treatment. We report that the γ-secretase inhibitor-I (GSI-I) sensitizes human breast cancer cells to apoptosis mediated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The antiproliferative GSI-I/TRAIL synergism was stronger in ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells compared with ER-positive MCF-7 cells. In MDA-MB-231 cells, GSI-I treatment induced upregulation of DR4 and DR5 TRAIL receptors. This effect seemed to be related to the activation of the transcription factor AP1 that was a consequence of Notch inhibition, as demonstrated by Notch-1 silencing experiments. Combined treatment induced loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and activation of caspases. GSI-I alone and/or GSI-I/TRAIL combination also induced a significant decrease in the levels of some survival factors (survivin, c-IAP-2, Bcl-xL, BimEL and pAKT) and upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors BimL, BimS and Noxa, enhancing the cytotoxic potential of the two drugs. Taken together, these results indicate for the first time that GSI-I/TRAIL combination could represent a novel and potentially effective tool for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Portanova
- Dipartimento di Medicina traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Lee S, Yoon CY, Byun SS, Lee E, Lee SE. The role of c-FLIP in cisplatin resistance of human bladder cancer cells. J Urol 2013; 189:2327-34. [PMID: 23313194 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance in human bladder cancer cells to provide novel molecular targets for the treatment of cisplatin resistant bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The differential gene expression of cisplatin sensitive (T24) and resistant (T24R2) human bladder cancer cell lines was analyzed and validated by microarray and Western blot analysis. Changes in cisplatin sensitivity by c-FLIP knockdown and related mechanisms in T24R2 cells were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Gaithersburg, Maryland) and Western blot. siRNA oligonucleotides that specifically target c-FLIP were prepared and siRNA transfection was done. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of 1,086 and 322 genes showed more than twofold and fourfold changes in the T24R2 and T24 cell lines, respectively. Especially genes involved in the c-FLIP related death receptor apoptosis pathway, including caspase 2 and 9, NF-kB, BID, c-FLIP, XIAP, and cIAP1 and 2, showed differential expression in the 2 cell lines. Western blot demonstrated complete cisplatin mediated suppression of c-FLIP expression in T24 cells but no change in c-FLIP expression was observed in T24R2 cells after cisplatin treatment in the same dose range. Suppression of c-FLIP expression in T24R2 cells by siRNA transfection rendered these cells significantly more sensitive to cisplatin treatment than untransfected T24R2 cells (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Results reveal that c-FLIP has an important role in the cisplatin resistance of human bladder cancer cells and c-FLIP modulation may at least partially reverse cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangchul Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Abstract
Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a major antiapoptotic protein and an important cytokine and chemotherapy resistance factor that suppresses cytokine- and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. c-FLIP is expressed as long (c-FLIPL), short (c-FLIPS), and c-FLIPR splice variants in human cells. c-FLIP binds to FADD and/or caspase-8 or -10 and TRAIL receptor 5 (DR5). This interaction in turn prevents Death-Inducing Signaling Complex (DISC) formation and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade. c-FLIPL and c-FLIPS are also known to have multifunctional roles in various signaling pathways, as well as activating and/or upregulating several cytoprotective and pro-survival signaling proteins including Akt, ERK, and NF-κB. In addition to its role in apoptosis, c-FLIP is involved in programmed necroptosis (necrosis) and autophagy. Necroptosis is regulated by the Ripoptosome, which is a signaling intracellular cell death platform complex. The Ripoptosome contains receptor-interacting protein-1/Receptor-Interacting Protein-3 (RIP1), caspase-8, caspase-10, FADD, and c-FLIP isoforms involved in switching apoptotic and necroptotic cell death. c-FLIP regulates the Ripoptosome; in addition to its role in apoptosis, it is therefore also involved in necrosis. c-FLIPL attenuates autophagy by direct acting on the autophagy machinery by competing with Atg3 binding to LC3, thereby decreasing LC3 processing and inhibiting autophagosome formation. Upregulation of c-FLIP has been found in various tumor types, and its silencing has been shown to restore apoptosis triggered by cytokines and various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, c-FLIP is an important target for cancer therapy. This review focuses on (1) the anti-apoptotic role of c-FLIP splice variants in preventing apoptosis and inducing cytokine and chemotherapy drug resistance, as well as its roles in necrosis and autophagy, and (2) modulation of c-FLIP expression as a means to enhance apoptosis and modulate necrosis and autophagy in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Safa
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN 46202, USA ; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN 46202, USA
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47
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Safa AR. c-FLIP, a master anti-apoptotic regulator. Exp Oncol 2012; 34:176-184. [PMID: 23070002 PMCID: PMC4817998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a master anti-apoptotic regulator and resistance factor that suppresses tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Fas-L, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis, as well as apoptosis triggered by chemotherapy agents in malignant cells. c-FLIP is expressed as long (c-FLIP(L)), short (c-FLIP(S)), and c-FLIP(R) splice variants in human cells. c-FLIP binds to FADD and/or caspase-8 or -10 and TRAIL receptor 5 (DR5) in a ligand-dependent and -independent fashion and forms an apoptosis inhibitory complex (AIC). This interaction in turn prevents death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade. c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) are also known to have multifunctional roles in various signaling pathways, as well as activating and/or upregulating several cytoprotective and pro-survival signaling proteins including Akt, ERK, and NF-kB. Upregulation of c-FLIP has been found in various tumor types, and its silencing has been shown to restore apoptosis triggered by cytokines and various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, c-FLIP is an important target for cancer therapy. For example, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that specifically knockdown the expression of c-FLIP(L) in diverse human cancer cell lines augmented TRAIL-induced DISC recruitment and increased the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, thereby enhancing effector caspase stimulation and apoptosis. Moreover, small molecules causing degradation of c-FLIP as well as decreasing mRNA and protein levels of c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) splice variants have been found, and much effort is focused on developing other c-FLIP-targeted cancer therapies. This review focuses on (1) the anti-apoptotic role of c-FLIP splice variants in preventing apoptosis and inducing cytokine and chemotherapy drug resistance, (2) the molecular mechanisms and factors that regulate c-FLIP expression, and (3) modulation of c-FLIP expression and function to eliminate cancer cells or increase the efficacy of anticancer agents. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Apoptosis: Four Decades Later".
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Safa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Woldemichael GM, Turbyville TJ, Vasselli JR, Linehan WM, McMahon JB. Lack of a functional VHL gene product sensitizes renal cell carcinoma cells to the apoptotic effects of the protein synthesis inhibitor verrucarin A. Neoplasia 2012; 14:771-7. [PMID: 22952429 PMCID: PMC3431183 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Verrucarin A (VA) is a small molecule derived from the fungal plant pathogen Myrothecium verrucaria and was identified as a selective inhibitor of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) cell proliferation in a high-throughput screen of a library of naturally occurring small molecules. CCRCC arises as a result of loss-of-function mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene. Here we show that VA inhibits protein translation initiation culminating in apoptosis through the extrinsic signaling pathway. Reintroduction of the VHL gene in CCRCC cells afforded resistance to VA's apoptotic effects. This resistance is mediated in part by the formation of stress granules that entrap signaling molecules that initiate the apoptotic signaling cascade. The VHL gene product was found to be a component of stress granules that develop as result of VA treatment. These findings reveal an important role for the VHL gene product in cytotoxic stress response and have important implications for the rational development of VA-related compounds in chemotherapeutic targeting of CCRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma M Woldemichael
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc, Molecular Targets Laboratory, Frederick National Lab, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Bhattacharjee R, Xiang W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Billiar TR. cAMP prevents TNF-induced apoptosis through inhibiting DISC complex formation in rat hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:85-90. [PMID: 22634003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine that plays a role in immunity and the control of cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. The pleiotropic nature of TNF is due to the formation of different signaling complexes upon the binding of TNF to its receptor, TNF receptor type 1 (TNFR1). TNF induces apoptosis in various mammalian cells when the cells are co-treated with a transcription inhibitor like actinomycin D (ActD). When TNFR1 is activated, it recruits an adaptor protein, TNF receptor-associated protein with death domain (TRADD), through its cytoplasmic death effector domain (DED). TRADD, in turn, recruits other signaling proteins, including TNF receptor-associated protein 2 (TRAF2) and receptor-associated protein kinase (RIPK) 1, to form a complex. Subsequently, this complex combines with FADD and procaspase-8, converts into a death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) to induce apoptosis. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a second messenger that regulates various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, gene expression, and apoptosis. cAMP analogues are reported to act as anti-apoptotic agents in various cell types, including hepatocytes. We found that a cAMP analogue, dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP), inhibits TNF+ActD-induced apoptosis in rat hepatocytes. The protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor KT-5720 reverses this inhibitory effect of cAMP on apoptosis. Cytoprotection by cAMP involves down-regulation of various apoptotic signal regulators like TRADD and FADD and inhibition of caspase-8 and caspase-3 cleavage. We also found that cAMP exerts its affect at the proximal level of TNF signaling by inhibiting the formation of the DISC complex upon the binding of TNF to TNFR1. In conclusion, our study shows that cAMP prevents TNF+ActD-induced apoptosis in rat hepatocytes by inhibiting DISC complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Bhattacharjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Huang S, Bijangi-Vishehsaraei K, Saadatzadeh MR, Safa AR. Human GM3 Synthase Attenuates Taxol-Triggered Apoptosis Associated with Downregulation of Caspase-3 in Ovarian Cancer Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3:504-510. [PMID: 25893133 DOI: 10.4236/jct.2012.35065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxol (paclitaxel) inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells, but it also upregulates cytoprotective proteins and/or pathways that compromise its therapeutic efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHOD The roles of GM3 synthase (α2,3-sialyltransferase, ST3Gal V) in attenuating Taxol-induced apoptosis and triggering drug resistance were determined by cloning and overexpressing this enzyme in the SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cell line, treating SKOV3 and the transfectants (SKOV3/GS) with Taxol and determining apoptosis, cell survival, clonogenic ability, and caspase-3 activation. RESULTS In this report, we demonstrated that Taxol treatment resulted in apoptosis which was associated with caspase-3 activation. Taxol treatment upregulated the expression of human GM3 synthase, an enzyme that transfers a sialic acid to lactosylceramide. Moreover, we cloned the full-length GM3 synthase gene and showed for the first time that forced expression of GM3 synthase attenuated Taxol-induced apoptosis and increased resistance to Taxol in SKOV3 cells. CONCLUSIONS GM3 synthase overexpression inhibited Taxol-triggered caspase-3 activation, revealing that upregulation of GM3 synthase prevents apoptosis and hence reduces the efficacy of Taxol therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Saadatzadeh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Ahmad R Safa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, USA
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