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Ozturk Civelek D, Ozturk Seyhan N, Akyel YK, Gazioglu I, Pala Kara Z, Orman MN, Okyar A. Dosing-time, feeding, and sex-dependent variations of everolimus pharmacokinetics in mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38500383 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Everolimus is an oral mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor used as an immunosuppressant and anticancer. Its pharmacokinetics is highly variable, it has a narrow therapeutic window and shows chronotoxicity with the best time at ZT13 and worst time at ZT1 (ZT; Zeitgeber time, time after light onset) in the preclinical setting. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the pharmacokinetics of everolimus vary according to dosing time and whether sex and feeding status interfere with the chronopharmacokinetics. METHOD A single dosage of 5 mg/kg everolimus was administered orally to C57BL/6J male and female mice, in fed or fasted states at ZT1-rest and ZT13-activity times and blood and tissue samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 h following drug administration. Ileum, liver, plasma, and thymus concentrations of everolimus were determined. RESULTS Females had a greater ileum AUC0-24h than males when fed (P = 0.043). Everolimus AUC0-24h in the liver was substantially greater at ZT1 than at ZT13 in a fasted state (P = 0.001). Plasma Cmax , AUC0-24h , and AUCtotal were not statistically significant between the groups (P = 0.098). In one of the target organs of everolimus, the thymus, males had considerably higher amounts at ZT1 than females (P = 0.029). CONCLUSION Our findings imply that the pharmacokinetics of everolimus in mice may differ according to dosing time, sex, and feeding. Greater tissue distribution of everolimus at ZT1 may be associated with the worst tolerated time of everolimus. Our research suggests that oral chronomodulated everolimus therapy may be more effective and safer for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narin Ozturk Seyhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Kubra Akyel
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isil Gazioglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Zeliha Pala Kara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet N Orman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Dharmasivam M, Azad MG, Afroz R, Richardson V, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR. The thiosemicarbazone, DpC, broadly synergizes with multiple anti-cancer therapeutics and demonstrates temperature- and energy-dependent uptake by tumor cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Fukudo M, Ishibashi K, Kitada M. Real-world pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of everolimus in metastatic breast cancer. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1707-1715. [PMID: 34041638 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the relationship between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of everolimus in patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC) in real-world practice.Methods Twenty-two patients with mBC treated with everolimus plus exemestane were enrolled. Blood everolimus concentrations were measured at outpatient visits. The inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was examined. The efficacy and safety endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and the cumulative incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), respectively. Results Blood samples were obtained from 19 consenting patients. Everolimus did not completely inhibit mTOR activity in PBMCs at therapeutic concentrations (~ 56 % maximal inhibition). The most common adverse event was stomatitis (any grade 77 %). The trough concentration (Ctrough) was significantly higher in patients experiencing DLTs than in those without any DLTs (P = 0.030). The optimal Ctrough cutoff predicting DLT development was 17.3 ng/mL. The cumulative incidence of DLTs was significantly higher in patients with Ctrough ≥17.3 ng/mL than in other patients (sub-hazard ratio 4.87, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.53-15.5; P = 0.007). Furthermore, the median PFS was numerically longer in patients who maintained a steady-state Ctrough below the threshold than in those who did not (327 days [95 % CI 103-355 days] vs. 194 days [95 % CI 45 days-not estimable]; P = 0.35). Conclusions The suggested upper threshold for the therapeutic window of everolimus Ctrough was 17.3 ng/mL. Pharmacokinetically guided dosing may improve the efficacy and safety of everolimus for mBC, warranting further investigation in a larger study.Clinical trial registry: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Fukudo
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Kei Ishibashi
- Breast Disease Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitada
- Breast Disease Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
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Ozturk N, Ozturk Civelek D, Sancar S, Kaptan E, Pala Kara Z, Okyar A. Dosing-time dependent testicular toxicity of everolimus in mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 165:105926. [PMID: 34242751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The circadian timing system controls many biological functions in mammals including drug metabolism and detoxification, cell cycle events, and thus may affect pharmacokinetics, target organ toxicity and efficacy of medicines. Selective mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor everolimus is an immunosuppressant and anticancer drug that is effective against several cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate dosing-time dependent testicular toxicity of subacute everolimus administration in mice. C57BL/6 J male mice were synchronized with Light-Dark (12h:12 h) cycle, with Light-onset at Zeitgeber Time (ZT)-0. Everolimus (5 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to mice at ZT1rest-span or ZT13activity-span for 4 weeks. Body weight loss, clinical signs, changes in testicular weights, testis histology, spermatogenesis and proliferative activity of germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules were examined. Steady-state everolimus concentrations in testes were determined with validated HPLC method. Everolimus toxicity was less severe following dosing at ZT13 compared to ZT1, as shown with least body weight loss (p<0.001), least reductions in testes weights (p<0.001) and least histopathological findings. Everolimus-induced histological changes on testes included vacuolisation and atrophy of germinal epithelium, and loss of germinal cell attachment. The severity of everolimus-induced histological toxicity on testes was significantly more evident in mice treated at ZT1 than ZT13 (p<0.001). Spermatogenic cell population significantly decreased when everolimus administered at ZT1 compared to ZT13 (p<0.001). Proliferative activity of germinal epithelium was significantly decreased due to treatment at ZT1 compared to ZT13 (p<0.001). Everolimus concentrations in testes indicated a pronounced circadian variation, which was greater in mice treated at ZT1 compared to ZT13 (p<0.05). Our study revealed dosing-time dependent testicular toxicity of everolimus in mice, which was greater in severity when everolimus administered at early rest-span (daytime-ZT1) than early activity-span (nighttime-ZT13). These findings support the concept of everolimus chronotherapy for minimizing reproductive toxicity and increasing the tolerability of everolimus, as a clinical advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narin Ozturk
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ozturk Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Sancar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Kaptan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Pala Kara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit-Istanbul, Turkey.
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Ellingson BM, Yao J, Raymond C, Nathanson DA, Chakhoyan A, Simpson J, Garner JS, Olivero AG, Mueller LU, Rodon J, Gerstner E, Cloughesy TF, Wen PY. Multiparametric MR-PET Imaging Predicts Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Response to GDC-0084 in Patients with Recurrent High-Grade Glioma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3135-3144. [PMID: 32269051 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE GDC-0084 is an oral, brain-penetrant small-molecule inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR. Because these two targets alter tumor vascularity and metabolism, respectively, we hypothesized multiparametric MR-PET could be used to quantify the response, estimate pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, and predict progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Multiparametric advanced MR-PET imaging was performed to evaluate physiologic response in a first-in-man, multicenter, phase I, dose-escalation study of GDC-0084 (NCT01547546) in 47 patients with recurrent malignant glioma. RESULTS Measured maximum concentration (C max) was associated with a decrease in enhancing tumor volume (P = 0.0287) and an increase in fractional anisotropy (FA; P = 0.0418). Posttreatment tumor volume, 18F-FDG uptake, Ktrans, and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were all correlated with C max. A linear combination of change in 18F-FDG PET uptake, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), FA, Ktrans, vp, and rCBV was able to estimate both C max (R2 = 0.4113; P < 0.0001) and drug exposure (AUC; R2 = 0.3481; P < 0.0001). Using this composite multiparametric MR-PET imaging response biomarker to predict PK, patients with an estimated C max > 0.1 μmol/L and AUC > 1.25 μmol/L*hour demonstrated significantly longer PFS compared with patients with a lower estimated concentration and exposure (P = 0.0039 and P = 0.0296, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Results from this study suggest composite biomarkers created from multiparametric MR-PET imaging targeting metabolic and/or physiologic processes specific to the drug mechanism of action may be useful for subsequent evaluation of treatment efficacy for larger phase II-III studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. .,Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jingwen Yao
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Catalina Raymond
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David A Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ararat Chakhoyan
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeremy Simpson
- Kazia Therapeutics Limited, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James S Garner
- Kazia Therapeutics Limited, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Jordi Rodon
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Gerstner
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Reversal of EGFR inhibitors' resistance by co-delivering EGFR and integrin αvβ3 inhibitors with nanoparticles in non-small cell lung cancer. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181259. [PMID: 31316001 PMCID: PMC6712436 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Tumor cells, with drug resistance, are associated with failed treatment and poor prognosis. Our aim was to explore potential strategy to overcome the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Materials and methods: Flow cytometry was used to examine and sort cells. Using MTT assay, we detected the cell viability under different conditions. Using RT-qPCR and Western blot, we determined the targeted gene expression in mRNA and protein levels. The morphology of the prepared nanoparticles was pictured by transmission electron microscopy. We also performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) to detect the proteins expression. Subcutaneous cancer models in nude mice were constructed to evaluate the anti-cancer effects in vivo Results: Here, we observed enhanced expression of integrin αvβ3 in tumor tissues from EGFR inhibitors resistant patients. Also, integrin αvβ3-positive NSCLC cells revealed significant EGFR inhibitors resistance, resulting from the activation of Galectin-3/KRAS/RalB/TBK1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Co-encapsulating integrin αvβ3 inhibitor and EGFR inhibitor further improved the drug delivery system, leading to superior anti-cancer effects and reduced systemic toxicity.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that co-encapsulation of erlotinib and cilengitide by MPEG-PLA (Erlo+Cilen/PP) nanoparticles revealed enhanced tumor suppression along with reduced organ damages, providing an innovative approach for NSCLC treatment.
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Abstract
Transporters in proximal renal tubules contribute to the disposition of numerous drugs. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of tubular secretion have been progressively elucidated during the past decades. Organic anions tend to be secreted by the transport proteins OAT1, OAT3 and OATP4C1 on the basolateral side of tubular cells, and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 2, MRP4, OATP1A2 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) on the apical side. Organic cations are secreted by organic cation transporter (OCT) 2 on the basolateral side, and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins MATE1, MATE2/2-K, P-glycoprotein, organic cation and carnitine transporter (OCTN) 1 and OCTN2 on the apical side. Significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) may affect any of these transporters, altering the clearance and, consequently, the efficacy and/or toxicity of substrate drugs. Interactions at the level of basolateral transporters typically decrease the clearance of the victim drug, causing higher systemic exposure. Interactions at the apical level can also lower drug clearance, but may be associated with higher renal toxicity, due to intracellular accumulation. Whereas the importance of glomerular filtration in drug disposition is largely appreciated among clinicians, DDIs involving renal transporters are less well recognized. This review summarizes current knowledge on the roles, quantitative importance and clinical relevance of these transporters in drug therapy. It proposes an approach based on substrate-inhibitor associations for predicting potential tubular-based DDIs and preventing their adverse consequences. We provide a comprehensive list of known drug interactions with renally-expressed transporters. While many of these interactions have limited clinical consequences, some involving high-risk drugs (e.g. methotrexate) definitely deserve the attention of prescribers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Ivanyuk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Françoise Livio
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Biollaz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Buclin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Bugnon 17, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
In 2014, the Immunosuppressive Drugs Scientific Committee of the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology called a meeting of international experts to provide recommendations to guide therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of everolimus (EVR) and its optimal use in clinical practice. EVR is a potent inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin, approved for the prevention of organ transplant rejection and for the treatment of various types of cancer and tuberous sclerosis complex. EVR fulfills the prerequisites for TDM, having a narrow therapeutic range, high interindividual pharmacokinetic variability, and established drug exposure-response relationships. EVR trough concentrations (C0) demonstrate a good relationship with overall exposure, providing a simple and reliable index for TDM. Whole-blood samples should be used for measurement of EVR C0, and sampling times should be standardized to occur within 1 hour before the next dose, which should be taken at the same time everyday and preferably without food. In transplantation settings, EVR should be generally targeted to a C0 of 3-8 ng/mL when used in combination with other immunosuppressive drugs (calcineurin inhibitors and glucocorticoids); in calcineurin inhibitor-free regimens, the EVR target C0 range should be 6-10 ng/mL. Further studies are required to determine the clinical utility of TDM in nontransplantation settings. The choice of analytical method and differences between methods should be carefully considered when determining EVR concentrations, and when comparing and interpreting clinical trial outcomes. At present, a fully validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay is the preferred method for determination of EVR C0, with a lower limit of quantification close to 1 ng/mL. Use of certified commercially available whole-blood calibrators to avoid calibration bias and participation in external proficiency-testing programs to allow continuous cross-validation and proof of analytical quality are highly recommended. Development of alternative assays to facilitate on-site measurement of EVR C0 is encouraged.
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Salphati L, Alicke B, Heffron TP, Shahidi-Latham S, Nishimura M, Cao T, Carano RA, Cheong J, Greve J, Koeppen H, Lau S, Lee LB, Nannini-Pepe M, Pang J, Plise EG, Quiason C, Rangell L, Zhang X, Gould SE, Phillips HS, Olivero AG. Brain Distribution and Efficacy of the Brain Penetrant PI3K Inhibitor GDC-0084 in Orthotopic Mouse Models of Human Glioblastoma. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 44:1881-1889. [PMID: 27638506 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.071423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Limited treatment options have only marginally impacted patient survival over the past decades. The phophatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, frequently altered in GBM, represents a potential target for the treatment of this glioma. 5-(6,6-Dimethyl-4-morpholino-8,9-dihydro-6H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-e]purin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (GDC-0084) is a PI3K inhibitor that was specifically optimized to cross the blood-brain barrier. The goals of our studies were to characterize the brain distribution, pharmacodynamic (PD) effect, and efficacy of GDC-0084 in orthotopic xenograft models of GBM. GDC-0084 was tested in vitro to assess its sensitivity to the efflux transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and in vivo in mice to evaluate its effects on the PI3K pathway in intact brain. Mice bearing U87 or GS2 intracranial tumors were treated with GDC-0084 to assess its brain distribution by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging and measure its PD effects and efficacy in GBM orthotopic models. Studies in transfected cells indicated that GDC-0084 was not a substrate of P-gp or BCRP. GDC-0084 markedly inhibited the PI3K pathway in mouse brain, causing up to 90% suppression of the pAkt signal. MALDI imaging showed GDC-0084 distributed evenly in brain and intracranial U87 and GS2 tumors. GDC-0084 achieved significant tumor growth inhibition of 70% and 40% against the U87 and GS2 orthotopic models, respectively. GDC-0084 distribution throughout the brain and intracranial tumors led to potent inhibition of the PI3K pathway. Its efficacy in orthotopic models of GBM suggests that it could be effective in the treatment of GBM. GDC-0084 is currently in phase I clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Salphati
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Bruno Alicke
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Timothy P Heffron
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Sheerin Shahidi-Latham
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Merry Nishimura
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Tim Cao
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Richard A Carano
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jonathan Cheong
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Joan Greve
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Hartmut Koeppen
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Shari Lau
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Leslie B Lee
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Michelle Nannini-Pepe
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jodie Pang
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Emile G Plise
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Cristine Quiason
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Linda Rangell
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Stephen E Gould
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Heidi S Phillips
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Alan G Olivero
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (L.S., S.S.-L., J.C., J.P., E.G.P., C.Q., X.Z.), Discovery Chemistry (T.P.H., A.G.O.), Cancer Signaling and Translational Oncology (B.A., M.N., M.N.-P., L.B.L., S.E.G., H.S.P.), Biomedical Imaging (T.C., R.A.C., J.G.), and Pathology (H.K., S.L., L.R.), Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
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Matrix metalloproteinases are possible targets in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension: investigation of anti-remodeling effects of alagebrium and everolimus. Anatol J Cardiol 2016; 17:8-17. [PMID: 27182612 PMCID: PMC5324875 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2016.6891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In our study, sildenafil alone and everolimus or alagebrium in combination with sildenafil were investigated in terms of their additional therapeutic and anti-remodeling activity in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) model in rats. In particular, the inter-relationships between PH and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were investigated. Methods: The pulmonary artery responses of male Sprague Dawley rats were recorded using myography, and the quantities and activities of MMPs were analyzed in homogenates of the pulmonary arteries and lungs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, activity assays, and gelatin zymography techniques. Results: Our results indicated that the therapeutic effects of sildenafil were accompanied by its suppressor effects on MMP activity. It was also shown that everolimus or alagebrium in combination with sildenafil showed additional regulatory effects on MMPs as well as functional responses on pulmonary artery pressure. Therefore, the enzymes in the MMP superfamily are likely to be target molecules for the treatment of PH. Conclusion: In conclusion, MMPs were involved in the pathogenesis of PH, and our results suggested that the addition of everolimus or alagebrium to sildenafil therapy may be beneficial in PH. Our results indicated that agents that limit pulmonary vascular hypertrophy and inflammation via their anti-remodeling effects significantly ameliorate mortality and morbidity in PH.
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11
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Vine KL, Belfiore L, Jones L, Locke JM, Wade S, Minaei E, Ranson M. N-alkylated isatins evade P-gp mediated efflux and retain potency in MDR cancer cell lines. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00060. [PMID: 27441242 PMCID: PMC4945850 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2015.e00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for novel anticancer therapeutics with the ability to overcome multi-drug resistance (MDR) mechanisms is of high priority. A class of molecules that show potential in overcoming MDR are the N-alkylated isatins. In particular 5,7-dibromo-N-alkylisatins are potent microtubule destabilizing agents that act to depolymerize microtubules, induce apoptosis and inhibit primary tumor growth in vivo. In this study we evaluated the ability of four dibrominated N-alkylisatin derivatives and the parent compound, 5,7-dibromoisatin, to circumvent MDR. All of the isatin-based compounds examined retained potency against the MDR cell lines; U937VbR and MES-SA/Dx5 and displayed bioequivalent dose-dependent cytotoxicity to that of the parental control cell lines. We show that one mechanism by which the isatin-based compounds overcome MDR is by circumventing P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated drug efflux. Thus, as the isatin-based compounds are not susceptible to extrusion from P-gp overexpressing tumor cells, they represent a promising alternative strategy as a stand-alone or combination therapy for treating MDR cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Vine
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Lisa Belfiore
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Luke Jones
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Julie M Locke
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Samantha Wade
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Elahe Minaei
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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12
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Oberoi RK, Parrish KE, Sio TT, Mittapalli RK, Elmquist WF, Sarkaria JN. Strategies to improve delivery of anticancer drugs across the blood-brain barrier to treat glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:27-36. [PMID: 26359209 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal and aggressive brain tumor that is resistant to conventional radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapies. Molecularly targeted agents hold great promise in treating these genetically heterogeneous tumors, yet have produced disappointing results. One reason for the clinical failure of these novel therapies can be the inability of the drugs to achieve effective concentrations in the invasive regions beyond the bulk tumor. In this review, we describe the influence of the blood-brain barrier on the distribution of anticancer drugs to both the tumor core and infiltrative regions of GBM. We further describe potential strategies to overcome these drug delivery limitations. Understanding the key factors that limit drug delivery into brain tumors will guide future development of approaches for enhanced delivery of effective drugs to GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajneet K Oberoi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (R.K.O., K.E.P., R.K.M., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (T.T.S., J.N.S.)
| | - Karen E Parrish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (R.K.O., K.E.P., R.K.M., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (T.T.S., J.N.S.)
| | - Terence T Sio
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (R.K.O., K.E.P., R.K.M., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (T.T.S., J.N.S.)
| | - Rajendar K Mittapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (R.K.O., K.E.P., R.K.M., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (T.T.S., J.N.S.)
| | - William F Elmquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (R.K.O., K.E.P., R.K.M., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (T.T.S., J.N.S.)
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (R.K.O., K.E.P., R.K.M., W.F.E.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (T.T.S., J.N.S.)
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13
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Chu C, Noël-Hudson M, Bénard J, Ha-Duong T, Allaoui F, Farinotti R, Bonhomme-Faivre L. Cetuximab directly inhibits P-glycoprotein function in vitro independently of EGFR binding. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 76:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Salphati L, Shahidi-Latham S, Quiason C, Barck K, Nishimura M, Alicke B, Pang J, Carano RA, Olivero AG, Phillips HS. Distribution of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Inhibitors Pictilisib (GDC-0941) and GNE-317 in U87 and GS2 Intracranial Glioblastoma Models—Assessment by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Imaging. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1110-6. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.057513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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15
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Chu C, Abbara C, Tandia M, Polrot M, Gonin P, Farinotti R, Bonhomme-Faivre L. Cetuximab increases concentrations of irinotecan and of its active metabolite SN-38 in plasma and tumour of human colorectal carcinoma-bearing mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2014; 28:652-60. [PMID: 24588516 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody directed towards epidermal growth factor receptor, could inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an efflux protein of ATP-binding cassette family, and lead to an increased P-gp substrate intracellular concentration. Cetuximab is given with irinotecan to patients with metastasis colorectal cancer who did not respond to irinotecan-based therapy. The mechanism of this successful clinical reversion remains unknown. As irinotecan is a P-gp substrate, we tested here whether cetuximab could modify irinotecan concentration in mice. Therefore, concentrations of irinotecan and of its active metabolite SN-38 were measured by HPLC in plasma and tumour of mice bearing a human colorectal carcinoma xenograft when irinotecan is given orally alone or after a pretreatment with cetuximab. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed no significant modification of irinotecan concentrations but a significant increase (1.7-fold) in SN-38 AUCs in plasma and in tumour after a pretreatment with cetuximab. Those results suggest that cetuximab influence irinotecan distribution into tissues probably due to inhibition of P-gp. As SN-38 is 200-fold more potent than irinotecan, cetuximab could reverse irinotecan resistance by an effect on its active metabolite. Inhibiting SN-38 efflux by P-gp drug transporters in biliary system and tumour can lead to pharmacokinetic modification and a higher anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Chu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Service Pharmacie, Hôpital Paul Brousse AP-HP, 14 avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 94800, Villejuif, France; UPRES EA 4123 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Université Paris Sud XI, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
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P-Glycoprotein, CYP3A, and Plasma Carboxylesterase Determine Brain and Blood Disposition of the mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus (Afinitor) in Mice. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3133-45. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Thomas-Schoemann A, Blanchet B, Bardin C, Noé G, Boudou-Rouquette P, Vidal M, Goldwasser F. Drug interactions with solid tumour-targeted therapies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 89:179-96. [PMID: 24041628 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug interactions are an on-going concern in the treatment of cancer, especially when targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, are being used. The emergence of elderly patients and/or patients with both cancer and other chronic co-morbidities leads to polypharmacy. Therefore, the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDI) becomes a clinically relevant issue, all the more so as TKIs and mTOR inhibitors are essentially metabolised by cytochrome P450 enzymes. These DDIs can result in variability in anticancer drug exposure, thus favouring the selection of resistant cellular clones or the occurrence of toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of DDIs that involve targeted therapies approved by the FDA for the treatment of solid tumours for more than 3 years (sorafenib, sunitinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, imatinib, lapatinib, everolimus, temsirolimus) and medicinal herb or drugs. This review also provides some guidelines to help oncologists and pharmacists in their clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Thomas-Schoemann
- Centre d'Étude et de Recours aux Inhibiteurs de l'Angiogénèse, Paris, France; UF de Pharmacocinétique et Pharmacochimie, Groupement des Hôpitaux Paris Centre, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Benoit Blanchet
- Centre d'Étude et de Recours aux Inhibiteurs de l'Angiogénèse, Paris, France; UF de Pharmacocinétique et Pharmacochimie, Groupement des Hôpitaux Paris Centre, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Bardin
- UF de Pharmacocinétique et Pharmacochimie, Groupement des Hôpitaux Paris Centre, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Noé
- UF de Pharmacocinétique et Pharmacochimie, Groupement des Hôpitaux Paris Centre, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Pascaline Boudou-Rouquette
- Centre d'Étude et de Recours aux Inhibiteurs de l'Angiogénèse, Paris, France; Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Groupement des Hôpitaux Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Michel Vidal
- Centre d'Étude et de Recours aux Inhibiteurs de l'Angiogénèse, Paris, France; UF de Pharmacocinétique et Pharmacochimie, Groupement des Hôpitaux Paris Centre, 75014 Paris, France; UMR 8638 CNRS, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75270 Paris, France
| | - François Goldwasser
- Centre d'Étude et de Recours aux Inhibiteurs de l'Angiogénèse, Paris, France; Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Groupement des Hôpitaux Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Grimsley A, Gallagher R, Hutchison M, Pickup K, Wilson ID, Samuelsson K. Drug-drug interactions and metabolism in cytochrome P450 2C knockout mice: application to troleandomycin and midazolam. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:529-38. [PMID: 23732297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) may cause serious drug toxicity and delay development of candidate drugs. Screening using human liver microsomes and hepatocytes can help predict DDIs but do not always provide the degree of certainty required for confident progression of a candidate drug. Thus a suitable in vivo test system could be of great value. Here a Cyp2c knockout (KO) mouse was investigated for studying DDIs using midazolam (MDZ) a standard human CYP3A4 substrate and troleandomycin (TAO) a potent human CYP3A4 inhibitor. Pharmacokinetics (PK) and biotransformation of MDZ were investigated following dosing to Cyp2c KO and wild type mice before and after TAO treatment. The noteworthy differences in the metabolism of MDZ in Cyp2c KO compared to wild type mice confirms the important role that Cyp2c enzymes play in the murine metabolism of MDZ in vivo. The impact of Cyp3a inhibition produced a further increase in circulating MDZ concentrations in all individuals from both strains of mice though the impact of the elimination of the Cyp2c pathway in the KO mice on the AUC was less than perhaps expected. We have shown that TAO produces an increase in the MDZ concentration and a reduction in the 1'hydroxymidazolam/midazolam formation ratio but the expected difference in the magnitude of this effect between the wild type and the Cyp2c KO mice was not seen. The magnitude of the TAO effect was also smaller than is reported in humans. Hence further work is required before this animal model could be used to predict clinical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Grimsley
- Global DMPK, AstraZeneca UK Ltd., Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for everolimus and sorafenib in mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 71:1219-29. [PMID: 23455451 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Everolimus is a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor approved as an immunosuppressant and for second-line therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor used as first-line therapy in HCC and RCC. This study assessed the pharmacokinetics (PK) of everolimus and sorafenib alone and in combination in plasma and tissues, developed physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in mice, and assessed the possibility of PK drug interactions. METHODS Single and multiple oral doses of everolimus and sorafenib were administered alone and in combination in immunocompetent male mice and to severe combined immune-deficient (SCID) mice bearing low-passage, patient-derived pancreatic adenocarcinoma in seven different studies. Plasma and tissue samples including tumor were collected over a 24-h period and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Distribution of everolimus and sorafenib to the brain, muscle, adipose, lungs, kidneys, pancreas, spleen, liver, GI, and tumor was modeled as perfusion rate-limited, and all data from the diverse studies were fitted simultaneously using a population approach. RESULTS PBPK models were developed for everolimus and sorafenib. PBPK analysis showed that the two drugs in combination had the same PK as each drug given alone. A twofold increase in sorafenib dose increased tumor exposure tenfold, thus suggesting involvement of transporters in tumor deposition of sorafenib. CONCLUSIONS The developed PBPK models suggested the absence of PK interaction between the two drugs in mice. These studies provide the basis for pharmacodynamic evaluation of these drugs in patient-derived primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas explants.
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Mandery K, Glaeser H, Fromm MF. Interaction of innovative small molecule drugs used for cancer therapy with drug transporters. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:345-62. [PMID: 21827448 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple new small molecules such as tyrosine kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and proteasome inhibitors have been approved in the last decade and are a considerable progress for cancer therapy. Drug transporters are important determinants of drug concentrations in the systemic circulation. Moreover, expression of drug transporters in blood-tissue barriers (e.g. blood-brain barrier) can limit access of small molecules to the tumour (e.g. brain tumour). Finally, transporter expression and (up)regulation in the tumour itself is known to affect local drug concentrations in the tumour tissue contributing to multidrug resistance observed for multiple anticancer agents. This review summarizes the current knowledge on: (i) small molecules as substrates of uptake and efflux transporters; (ii) the impact of transporter deficiency in knockout mouse models on plasma and tissue concentrations; (iii) small molecules as inhibitors of uptake and efflux transporters with possible consequences for drug-drug interactions and the reversal of multidrug resistance; and (iv) on clinical studies investigating the association of polymorphisms in genes encoding drug transporters with pharmacokinetics, outcome and toxicity during treatment with the small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mandery
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Chu C, Noël-Hudson MS, Boige V, Goéré D, Marion S, Polrot M, Bigot L, Gonin P, Farinotti R, Bonhomme-Faivre L. Therapeutic efficiency of everolimus and lapatinib in xenograft model of human colorectal carcinoma with KRAS mutation. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2012; 27:434-42. [PMID: 22458846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2012.01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
KRAS mutation is a negative predictive prognostic factor during metastatic colorectal cancer treatment with antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibodies. For affected patients, new therapeutics must be explored. Our objective was to study efficacy of two drugs with different mechanisms of action, everolimus (mTOR inhibitor) and lapatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor), in a mouse xenograft model. We chose a model obtained after engraftment of a tumor originating from a human tumor collection. The patient was affected by a metastasis colorectal carcinoma resistant to cetuximab with KRAS mutation. From a previous study in mice, we know that everolimus is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and that a lapatinib pretreatment increases significantly (2.6-fold) everolimus AUC by inhibiting its intestinal P-gp efflux. We hence tested the effect of these drugs alone or combined. Mice bearing the xenografts were divided in four groups: control, lapatinib, everolimus, and L/E group (L/E: 2 days of lapatinib 200 mg/kg and then 3 days of everolimus 1 mg/kg). Tumor volumes and treatment toxicities were evaluated. Sixteen days after treatment initiation, the group L/E was the first one in which tumor volume average was significantly lower than the one of control group (193 ± 90 vs. 395 ± 171 mm(3) ; P = 0.0025). After 4 weeks of treatment, inhibition of tumor growth in lapatinib, everolimus, and L/E groups reached, respectively, 49, 53, and 57%. Each drug showed significant antitumor activity. Only moderate hematologic toxicity signs were observed. These results lead to new perspectives for new oral drugs in metastatic KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer resistant to standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Chu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 14 Avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 94800 Villejuif, France.
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Paule B, Castagne V, Picard V, Saffroy R, Adam R, Guettier C, Farinotti R, Bonhomme-Faivre L. MDR1 polymorphism role in patients treated with cetuximab and irinotecan in irinotecan refractory colorectal cancer. Med Oncol 2009; 27:1066-72. [PMID: 19862647 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-009-9336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism on the therapeutic response in 23 patients treated with cetuximab plus irinotecan for irinotecan refractory liver metastatic colorectal cancer considering their KRAS status. Indeed, irinotecan and its active metabolite (SN-38) are both substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by MDR1. Patients received cetuximab and irinotecan up to progression. The overall survival was 55% at 10 months. Overall, four patients had an undetermined KRAS status and two patients with mutated KRAS were in progression disease. The response to treatment was observed after 3 months among the 17 wild-type KRAS patients. Two patients presented a progressive disease (1 TT and 1 CT), eight patients had a stable disease (5 CC and 3CT) and five patients had a partial response (3 CC and 2 CT). Importantly, 2 patients (2 TT) were in complete response and still alive 5 years after starting the treatment, which suggests that the combination of wild-type KRAS and MDR1 3435 TT may be a factor of good prognosis. These results suggest that EGFR inhibition by cetuximab may overcome this irinotecan resistance by abrogating drug efflux depending on MDR1 3435 polymorphism. Among patients resistant to irinotecan, it is still possible to use the association of cetuximab plus irinotecan to obtain a complete resection of hepatic metastases that is necessary to improve their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Paule
- Centre Hépatobiliaire, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmacology, Paul Brousse University Hospital, AP-HP, 12-14, avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, Villejuif, France
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O'Reilly T, McSheehy PMJ, Kawai R, Kretz O, McMahon L, Brueggen J, Bruelisauer A, Gschwind HP, Allegrini PR, Lane HA. Comparative pharmacokinetics of RAD001 (everolimus) in normal and tumor-bearing rodents. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 65:625-39. [PMID: 19784839 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Comparative pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of the mTOR inhibitor RAD001 (everolimus) in rats and mice. METHODS Blood cell partitioning, plasma protein binding and PK parameters of RAD001 in blood and tissues (including brain) of both mice and rats were determined. PK modeling predicted plasma/blood and tumor levels from a variety of regimens and these were compared with the known human PK profile. DCE-MRI was used to compare tumor vascularity between mice and rats. Estimation of IC50 values in vitro and ED50 values in vivo were used to provide an indication of anti-tumor activity. RESULTS The PK properties of RAD001 differed between mice and rats, including erythrocyte partitioning, plasma protein binding, plasma/blood t(1/2), oral bioavailability, volume of distribution, tissue/tumor penetration and elimination. Modeling of tumor and blood/plasma PK suggested that in mice, multiple daily administrations result in a 2-fold increase in tumor levels of RAD001 at steady state, whereas in rats, a 7.9-fold increase would occur. Weekly high-dose regimens were predicted not to facilitate tumor accumulation in either species. Total tumor levels of RAD001 were four- to eight-fold greater in rats than in mice. Rat tumors had a >2-fold greater plasma content and permeability compared to mouse tumors, which could contribute to differences in tumor drug uptake. Maximal antitumor effects (T/C of 0.04-0.35) were observed in both species after daily administration with similar C(max) and AUC values of unbound (free) RAD001. These free levels of RAD001 are exceeded in serum from cancer patients receiving clinically beneficial daily regimens. In rodents, brain penetration of RAD001 was poor, but was dose-dependent and showed over-proportional uptake in rats with a longer t(1/2) compared to the systemic circulation. CONCLUSIONS The PK of RAD001 differed between mice and rats, with rats having a PK profile closer to that of humans. High intermittent doses of RAD001 may be more appropriate for treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence O'Reilly
- Department of Oncology Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, WKL-125.13.17, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
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