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Zhang Y, Xiao B, Liu Y, Wu S, Xiang Q, Xiao Y, Zhao J, Yuan R, Xie K, Li L. Roles of PPAR activation in cancer therapeutic resistance: Implications for combination therapy and drug development. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 964:176304. [PMID: 38142851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance is a major obstacle to successful treatment or effective containment of cancer. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play an essential role in regulating energy homeostasis and determining cell fate. Despite of the pleiotropic roles of PPARs in cancer, numerous studies have suggested their intricate relationship with therapeutic resistance in cancer. In this review, we provided an overview of the roles of excessively activated PPARs in promoting resistance to modern anti-cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The mechanisms through which activated PPARs contribute to therapeutic resistance in most cases include metabolic reprogramming, anti-oxidant defense, anti-apoptosis signaling, proliferation-promoting pathways, and induction of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In addition, we discussed the mechanisms through which activated PPARs lead to multidrug resistance in cancer, including drug efflux, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and acquisition and maintenance of the cancer stem cell phenotype. Preliminary studies investigating the effect of combination therapies with PPAR antagonists have suggested the potential of these antagonists in reversing resistance and facilitating sustained cancer management. These findings will provide a valuable reference for further research on and clinical translation of PPAR-targeting treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhang
- School of Medicine, The South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Yunduo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Shunhong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Yuhan Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Junxiu Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Ruanfei Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Keping Xie
- School of Medicine, The South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Linhai Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China.
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Schierle S, Flauaus C, Heitel P, Willems S, Schmidt J, Kaiser A, Weizel L, Goebel T, Kahnt AS, Geisslinger G, Steinhilber D, Wurglics M, Rovati GE, Schmidtko A, Proschak E, Merk D. Boosting Anti-Inflammatory Potency of Zafirlukast by Designed Polypharmacology. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5758-5764. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schierle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cathrin Flauaus
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pascal Heitel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Willems
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jurema Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lilia Weizel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tamara Goebel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid S. Kahnt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mario Wurglics
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G. Enrico Rovati
- Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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Regulation of Immune Cell Function by PPARs and the Connection with Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061575. [PMID: 29799467 PMCID: PMC6032042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence points towards the existence of a bidirectional interconnection between metabolic disease and neurodegenerative disorders, in which inflammation is linking both together. Activation of members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family has been shown to have beneficial effects in these interlinked pathologies, and these improvements are often attributed to anti-inflammatory effects of PPAR activation. In this review, we summarize the role of PPARs in immune cell function, with a focus on macrophages and T cells, and how this was shown to contribute to obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. We address gender differences as a potential explanation in observed contradictory results, and we highlight PPAR-induced metabolic changes as a potential mechanism of regulation of immune cell function through these nuclear receptors. Together, immune cell-specific activation of PPARs present a promising therapeutic approach to treat both metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
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4
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Chen T, Tibbitt CA, Feng X, Stark JM, Rohrbeck L, Rausch L, Sedimbi SK, Karlsson MCI, Lambrecht BN, Karlsson Hedestam GB, Hendriks RW, Chambers BJ, Nylén S, Coquet JM. PPAR-γ promotes type 2 immune responses in allergy and nematode infection. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:2/9/eaal5196. [PMID: 28783701 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aal5196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of immunity to worm infections and many allergies is a strong type 2 immune response. This is characterized by the production of cytokines interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 by adaptive T helper 2 (TH2) cells and/or type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is typically regarded as an anti-inflammatory factor. We report that TH2 cells express high levels of PPAR-γ in response to the allergen house dust mite and after infection with the parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus Mice lacking PPAR-γ in T cells failed to effectively differentiate into IL-5- and IL-13-secreting cells and, hence, did not develop TH2 cell-associated pathologies, including goblet cell metaplasia and eosinophilia, in response to allergen challenge. Furthermore, these mice could not mount protective immune responses to nematode infection. In addition, mice lacking PPAR-γ in T cells had greatly reduced frequencies of TH2 cells in visceral adipose tissue. Mechanistically, PPAR-γ appeared to promote the expression of the IL-33 receptor on the surface of TH2 cells. These results pinpoint PPAR-γ as a factor that drives type 2 responses in allergy, worm infection, and visceral adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Christopher A Tibbitt
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Xiaogang Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Julian M Stark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Leona Rohrbeck
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rausch
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Saikiran K Sedimbi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent 9052B, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Benedict J Chambers
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, F59, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Susanne Nylén
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M Coquet
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
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Oh S, Han AR, Park HR, Jang EJ, Kim HK, Jeong MG, Song H, Park GH, Seo EK, Hwang ES. Suppression of Inflammatory cytokine production by ar-Turmerone isolated from Curcuma phaeocaulis. Chem Biodivers 2015; 11:1034-41. [PMID: 25044589 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rhizomes of Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton (Zingiberaceae) have traditionally been used for controlling inflammatory conditions. Numerous studies have aimed to isolate and characterize the bioactive constituents of C. phaeocaulis. It has been reported that its anti-inflammatory properties are a result of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition; however, its effect on the T-cell function remains to be elucidated. In this study, four known sesquiterpenoids, viz., ar-turmerone (TM), germacrone (GM), (+)-(4S,5S)-germacrone-4,5-epoxide (GE), and curzerenone (CZ), were isolated from C. phaeocaulis rhizomes and evaluated for their effects on the CD4(+) T-cell function. While GM, GE, and CZ had no effect on the activation of splenic T cells or CD4(+) T cells, TM suppressed the interferon (IFN)-γ production, without affecting the interleukin (IL)-4 expression. TM also decreased the expression of IL-2 in CD4(+) T cells, but did not change their cell-division rates upon stimulation. These results suggest that TM, a major constituent of C. phaeocaulis rhizomes selectively exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Global Top 5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea, (phone: +82-2-32774369 (E. S. H.), 3047 (E. K. S.); fax: +82-2-32773760 (E. S. H.), 3051 (E. K. S.))
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Lee JE, Zhang YL, Han DH, Kim DY, Rhee CS. Antiallergic Function of KR62980, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist, in a Mouse Allergic Rhinitis Model. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015; 7:256-64. [PMID: 25749778 PMCID: PMC4397366 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.3.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) has been shown to play an important role in the control of inflammatory responses acting on macrophages, mast cells, T cells and eosinophils. A novel PPAR-γ ligand, KR62980 have been recently focused on due to the lower undesirable effects than other PPAR-γ ligands such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of KR62980 on nasal symptoms and immunopathological profiles in allergic nasal mucosa in murine allergic rhinitis model. METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged intranasally with ovalbumin (OVA). KR62980 was administered intraperitoneally or orally 3 hours before each intranasal OVA challenge. RESULTS Administration of KR62980 significantly decreased the number of nasal rubbing, nasal sneezing, ova-specific IgE and total IgE in serum, secretion of Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-17 from the spleen and eosinophilic infiltration in the nasal mucosa. KR62980 decreased the expression of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 mRNAs in the nasal mucosal tissue, while, it elevated the level of IL-10 and IFN-γ in splenocyte culture. KR62980 seemed to decrease IL-17 level in local and systemic level even though it did not reach to statistical significance. The anti-inflammatory effect was more definite when the KR62980 was administered intraorally than intraperitoneally. CONCLUSIONS A novel PPAR-γ ligand, KR62980 can attenuate OVA-induced allergic inflammation in mice mainly through modulation of Th2 cytokines. This finding suggests that PPAR-γ might have a role in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yu Lian Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Hee Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.; Sensory Organ Research Center, Seoul National University Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Seo Rhee
- Sensory Organ Research Center, Seoul National University Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.; Graduate School of Immunology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
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7
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Chun HS, Shin SH, Ahn S, Shin DS, Choi SS, Ahn JH, Bae MA. KR-62980 Suppresses Lipid Metabolism Through Inhibition of Cytosolic NADP Isocitrate Dehydrogenase in Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2014; 11:122-8. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2013.0919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Suk Chun
- Drug Discovery Platform Technology Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hye Shin
- Drug Discovery Platform Technology Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjoo Ahn
- Drug Discovery Platform Technology Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seop Shin
- Drug Discovery Platform Technology Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Sil Choi
- Drug Discovery Platform Technology Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Drug Discovery Platform Technology Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Drug Discovery Platform Technology Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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PPARγ Agonists in Adaptive Immunity: What Do Immune Disorders and Their Models Have to Tell Us? PPAR Res 2013; 2013:519724. [PMID: 23983678 PMCID: PMC3747405 DOI: 10.1155/2013/519724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity has evolved as a very powerful and highly specialized tool of host defense. Its classical protagonists are lymphocytes of the T- and B-cell lineage. Cytokines and chemokines play a key role as effector mechanisms of the adaptive immunity. Some autoimmune and inflammatory diseases are caused by disturbance of the adaptive immune system. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases have led to research on new molecular and therapeutic targets. PPARγ are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily and are transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism as well as innate and adaptive immunity. PPARγ is activated by synthetic and endogenous ligands. Previous studies have shown that PPAR agonists regulate T-cell survival, activation and T helper cell differentiation into effector subsets: Th1, Th2, Th17, and Tregs. PPARγ has also been associated with B cells. The present review addresses these issues by placing PPARγ agonists in the context of adaptive immune responses and the relation of the activation of these receptors with the expression of cytokines involved in adaptive immunity.
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Wang M, Zhang W, Shang J, Yang J, Zhang L, Bachert C. Immunomodulatory effects of IL-23 and IL-17 in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 43:956-66. [PMID: 23889249 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; Beijing TongRen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China); Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology; Beijing China
| | - W. Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; Beijing TongRen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China); Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology; Beijing China
| | - J. Shang
- Central laboratory; Beijing TongRen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - J. Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; Beijing TongRen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - L. Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; Beijing TongRen Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Ministry of Education of China); Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology; Beijing China
| | - C. Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory; Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology; Ghent University Hospital; Ghent Belgium
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Burris TP, Solt LA, Wang Y, Crumbley C, Banerjee S, Griffett K, Lundasen T, Hughes T, Kojetin DJ. Nuclear receptors and their selective pharmacologic modulators. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:710-78. [PMID: 23457206 PMCID: PMC11060414 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.006833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors and include the receptors for steroid hormones, lipophilic vitamins, sterols, and bile acids. These receptors serve as targets for development of myriad drugs that target a range of disorders. Classically defined ligands that bind to the ligand-binding domain of nuclear receptors, whether they are endogenous or synthetic, either activate receptor activity (agonists) or block activation (antagonists) and due to the ability to alter activity of the receptors are often termed receptor "modulators." The complex pharmacology of nuclear receptors has provided a class of ligands distinct from these simple modulators where ligands display agonist/partial agonist/antagonist function in a tissue or gene selective manner. This class of ligands is defined as selective modulators. Here, we review the development and pharmacology of a range of selective nuclear receptor modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Burris
- The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way 2A1, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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Park JS, Kim MS, Song JS, Choi SH, Lee BH, Woo J, Ahn JH, Bae MA, Ahn SH. Dose-independent pharmacokinetics of a new peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist, KR-62980, in Sprague-Dawley rats and ICR mice. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:2051-8. [PMID: 22210030 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-1207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist, KR-62980, were characterized in vitro with respect to liver metabolic stability, cell permeability, and plasma protein binding and in vivo using Sprague-Dawley rats and ICR mice. The metabolic half-life of 0.1-10 μM KR-62980 was 11.5-15.2 min in rat liver microsomes and 25.8-28.8 min in human liver microsomes. KR-62980 showed high permeability across MDCK cell monolayers, with apparent permeability coefficients of 20.4 × 10(-6) to 30.8 × 10(-6) cm/sec. The plasma protein binding rate of KR-62980 was 89.4%, and most was bound to serum albumin. After intravenous administration of KR-62980 (2 mg/kg), the systemic clearance was 2.50 L/h/kg, and the volume of distribution at steady-state was 9.16 L/kg. The bioavailability after oral administration was approximately 60.9%. The dose-normalized AUC values were 0.50 ± 0.09, 0.41 ± 0.20, and 0.62 ± 0.08 h · μg/mL after oral administration of 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg KR-62980, respectively, showing no dose-dependency. The in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters in ICR mice were also dose independent. These data suggest that KR-62980 is not significantly dose dependent in rats or mice, although it may disappear rapidly from the systemic circulation via metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Shik Park
- Drug Discovery Platform Technology Team, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 305-343, Korea
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Bosnjak B, Stelzmueller B, Erb KJ, Epstein MM. Treatment of allergic asthma: modulation of Th2 cells and their responses. Respir Res 2011; 12:114. [PMID: 21867534 PMCID: PMC3179723 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic asthma is a chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease characterised by recurrent episodes of wheezy, laboured breathing with an underlying Th2 cell-mediated inflammatory response in the airways. It is currently treated and, more or less, controlled depending on severity, with bronchodilators e.g. long-acting beta agonists and long-acting muscarinic antagonists or anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids (inhaled or oral), leukotriene modifiers, theophyline and anti-IgE therapy. Unfortunately, none of these treatments are curative and some asthmatic patients do not respond to intense anti-inflammatory therapies. Additionally, the use of long-term oral steroids has many undesired side effects. For this reason, novel and more effective drugs are needed. In this review, we focus on the CD4+ Th2 cells and their products as targets for the development of new drugs to add to the current armamentarium as adjuncts or as potential stand-alone treatments for allergic asthma. We argue that in early disease, the reduction or elimination of allergen-specific Th2 cells will reduce the consequences of repeated allergic inflammatory responses such as lung remodelling without causing generalised immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berislav Bosnjak
- Department of Dermatology, DIAID, Experimental Allergy Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Wang W, Zhu Z, Zhu B, Ma Z. Pioglitazone attenuates allergic inflammation and induces production of regulatory T lymphocytes. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2011; 24:454-8. [PMID: 21144225 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2010.24.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists have been shown to be involved in the regulation of allergic inflammatory responses. The molecular mechanisms by which PPAR-gamma activation inhibits the inflammatory process have not been well understood. METHODS BALB/c mice received ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization followed by OVA intranasal challenge. Mice in the treatment group received intragastric administration with pioglitazone (PIO; 30 mg/kg) before each OVA challenge. Various allergic responses were then assessed. RESULTS The frequencies of sneezing and nose-scratching and eosinophil infiltration decreased significantly in the PIO treatment group compared with the OVA group (p < 0.05). The PIO treatment also showed that the levels of nasal cavity lavage fluid interleukin (IL)-5 and sera OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) were markedly reduced (p < 0.05). PIO significantly increased the expression of Foxp3 mRNA (p < 0.05) and induced production of regulatory T lymphocyte (p < 0.01) compared with the OVA group. CONCLUSION Given the potent effectiveness shown by PIO, we conclude that PPAR-gamma agonists deserve investigation as potential therapies for human allergic upper airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
The third lineage of T helper subsets, Th17, has recently been identified as an IL- 17-producing CD4+ Th cell, and its functions and regulatory mechanisms have been extensively characterized in immune responses. Functional studies have provided evidence that Th17 cells are important for the modulation of autoimmune responses, such as chronic asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and multiple sclerosis. Murine Th17 cell differentiation is enhanced by the coordinated functions of distinct cytokines including TGFbeta, IL-6, IL-21, and IL-23, whereas IL-2, IL-4, IFNgamma, and IL-27 inhibit its differentiation. In addition, Th17 cells are controlled by several transcription factors such as RORgammat, IRF4, BATF, FoxP3, T-bet, PPARgamma, E-FABP, and SOCSs. This review focuses on the functions and regulatory mechanisms of several transcription factors in the control of Th17 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sook Hwang
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Phamacy, Ewha Womans University, Center for Cell Signaling and Drug Discovery Research, 11-1 Daehyeon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
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