1
|
Ma L, Li M, Gou S, Wang W, Liu K, Zhang Y. Native-compound-Coupled Affinity Matrix (NCAM) in target identification and validation of bioactive compounds: Application, mechanism and outlooks. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106828. [PMID: 37690368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In drug discovery and development, the direct target identification of bioactive small molecules plays a significant role for understanding the mechanism of action, predicting the side effects, and rationally designing more potent compounds. However, due to the complicated regulatory processes in a cell together with thousands of biomacromolecules, target identification is always the major obstacle. New methods and technologies are continuously invented to tackle this problem. Nevertheless, the mainly used tools possess several disadvantages. High synthetic skills are typically required to laboriously synthesize a probe for protein enrichment. To detect the ligand-protein interaction by analyzing proteins' responses to proteolytic or thermal treatment, costly and precise instruments are always necessary. Therefore, convenient and practical techniques are urgently needed. Over the past decades, a strategy using native compounds without the requirement of chemical modification, also termed Native-compound-Coupled Affinity Matrix (NCAM), is developing continuously. Two practical tactics based on "label-free" compounds have been invented and used, that is Photo-cross-linked Small-molecule Affinity Matrix (PSAM) and Native-compound-Coupled CNBr-activated Beads (NCCB). Presently, we will elucidate the characteristics, coupling mechanism, advantages and disadvantages, and future prospect of NCAM in specific target identification and validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ma
- Basic Medical Research Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Menglong Li
- Basic Medical Research Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Shanshan Gou
- Basic Medical Research Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Chemistry & Biochemistry, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Basic Medical Research Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yueteng Zhang
- Basic Medical Research Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim JG, Kang HY, Kim MJ, Lim S, Lee CJ, Kim KM, Jung SK. 4-phenylpyridine suppresses UVB-induced skin inflammation by targeting c-Src in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3891-3901. [PMID: 35686492 PMCID: PMC9279582 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute or repetitive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) cause disruptions to the skin barrier and subsequent inflammatory skin disease. 4‐phenylpyridine (4‐PP) is a constituent of Brassica campestris L. ssp. Pekinensis and its effect on skin inflammation and molecular target remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to confirm the anti‐inflammatory efficacy of 4‐PP on UVB‐induced skin inflammation in human keratinocytes HaCaT and mouse skin and validation of its molecular target. 4‐PP also attenuated UVB‐induced phosphorylation of p38/mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MKK) 3/6, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1/2, MKK 4/7, extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase 1/2, mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1/2. Additionally, 4‐PP inhibited UVB‐induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Y1068, Y1045 and 854 residues but not the proto‐oncogene tyrosine‐protein kinase c‐Src. Drug affinity responsive target stability assay revealed that 4‐PP directly binds to c‐Src and inhibits pronase c‐proteolysis. Knockdown of c‐Src inhibited UVB‐induced COX‐2 expression and phosphorylation of MAPKs and EGFR in HaCaT cells. Dorsal treatment of 4‐PP prevented UVB (0.5 J/cm2)‐induced skin thickness, phosphorylation of EGFR and COX‐2 expression in mouse skin. Our findings suggest that 4‐PP can be used as anti‐inflammatory agent with an effect of skin inflammation by inhibiting the COX‐2 expression via suppressing the c‐Src/EGFR/MAPKs signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Gyeong Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ha Yeong Kang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seokwon Lim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Chang Joo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alam M, Ahmed S, Elasbali AM, Adnan M, Alam S, Hassan MI, Pasupuleti VR. Therapeutic Implications of Caffeic Acid in Cancer and Neurological Diseases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:860508. [PMID: 35359383 PMCID: PMC8960963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.860508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) is found abundantly in fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, oils, and more. CA and its derivatives have been used for many centuries due to their natural healing and medicinal properties. CA possesses various biological and pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. The potential therapeutic effects of CA are mediated via repression and inhibition of transcription and growth factors. CA possesses potential anticancer and neuroprotective effects in human cell cultures and animal models. However, the biomolecular interactions and pathways of CA have been described highlighting the target binding proteins and signaling molecules. The current review focuses on CA’s chemical, physical, and pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. We further described CA’s characteristics and therapeutic potential and its future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shoaib Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdurrab University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.,Centre for International Collaboration and Research, Reva University, Rukmini Knowledge Park, Kattigenahalli, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abou Baker DH. An ethnopharmacological review on the therapeutical properties of flavonoids and their mechanisms of actions: A comprehensive review based on up to date knowledge. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:445-469. [PMID: 35340621 PMCID: PMC8943219 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids -a class of low molecular weight secondary metabolites- are ubiquitous and cornucopia throughout the plant kingdom. Structurally, the main structure consists of C6-C3-C6 rings with different substitution patterns so that many sub-classes are obtained, for example: flavonols, flavonolignans, flavonoid glycosides, flavans, anthocyanidins, aurones, anthocyanidins, flavones, neoflavonoids, chalcones, isoflavones, flavones and flavanones. Flavonoids are evaluated to have drug like nature since they possess different therapeutic activities, and can act as cardioprotective, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, and also work against Alzheimer's disease and others. However, information on the relationship between their structure and biological activity is scarce. Therefore, the present review tries to summarize all the therapeutic activities of flavonoids, their mechanisms of action and the structure activity relationship. Latest updated ethnopharmacological review of the therapeutic effects of flavonoids. Flavonoids are attracting attention because of their therapeutic properties. Flavonoids are valuable candidates for drug development against many dangerous diseases. This overview summarizes the most important therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of flavonoids. General knowledge about the structure activity relationship of flavonoids is summarized. Substitution of chemical groups in the structure of flavonoids can significantly change their biological and chemical properties. The chemical properties of the basic flavonoid structure should be considered in a drug-based structural program.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bonesi M, Leporini M, Tenuta MC, Tundis R. The Role of Anthocyanins in Drug Discovery: Recent Developments. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 17:286-298. [PMID: 30686260 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190125152931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds have always played a key role in drug discovery. Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoids family responsible for the purple, blue, and red colour of many vegetables and fruits. These phytochemicals have attracted the interest of researchers for their important implications in human health and for their use as natural colorants. Many in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the potential effects of anthocyanins and anthocyanins-rich foods in the prevention and/or treatment of diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. This review reports the recent literature data and focuses on the potential role of anthocyanins in drug discovery. Their biological activity, analysis of structure-activity relationships, bioavailability, metabolism, and future prospects of their uses are critically described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bonesi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria C Tenuta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghiman R, Nistor M, Focșan M, Pintea A, Aștilean S, Rugina D. Fluorescent Polyelectrolyte System to Track Anthocyanins Delivery inside Melanoma Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030782. [PMID: 33808532 PMCID: PMC8003217 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, there has been a growing interest in using natural molecules with therapeutic potential for biomedical applications. In this context, our aim is focused on anthocyanins (AN) as molecules with anticancer properties that could be used in melanoma local therapies. Due to their susceptibility to environmental changes, current study is based on the design and development of a fluorescent system for carrying and trafficking AN inside melanoma cells. The architectural structure of the proposed system CaCO3(PAH)@RBITC@AN reflects a spherical shape, 1080 nm diameter and a solid groundwork CaCO3(PAH), on which rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC) fluorophore was firstly added; then, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) polyelectrolytes and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) were successfully deposited. Purified AN from chokeberries were entrapped between PAA layers (rate of 94.6%). In vitro tests confirmed that CaCO3(PAH)@RBITC@AN does not affect the proliferation of melanoma B16-F10 cells and proved that their internalization and trafficking can be followed after 24 h of treatment. Data presented here could contribute not only to the existing knowledge about the encapsulation technology of AN but also might bring relevant information for a novel formula to deliver therapeutic molecules or other bio-imaging agents directly into melanoma cells, a strategy that could positively improve tumor therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ghiman
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 Treboniu Laurean, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Madalina Nistor
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Monica Focșan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 Treboniu Laurean, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.G.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (D.R.)
| | - Adela Pintea
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Simion Aștilean
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 Treboniu Laurean, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.G.); (S.A.)
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogalniceanu, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dumitrita Rugina
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.N.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (D.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sood A, Kumar B, Singh SK, Prashar P, Gautam A, Gulati M, Pandey NK, Melkani I, Awasthi A, Saraf SA, Vidari G, Ozdemir M, Hussain FHS, Anwar ET, Ameen MSM, Gupta S, Porwal O. Flavonoids as Potential Therapeutic Agents for the Management of Diabetic Neuropathy. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:5468-5487. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200826164322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in plants. These phenolic compounds
are classified into various subgroups based on their structures: flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, flavanones, and
anthocyanins. They are known to perform various pharmacological actions like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and antiallergic, etc. Diabetes is a chronic progressive metabolic disorder
that affects several biochemical pathways and leads to secondary complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy,
nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy. Among them, the management of diabetic neuropathy is one of the major
challenges for physicians as well as the pharmaceutical industries. Naturally occurring flavonoids are extensively
used for the treatment of diabetes and its related complications due to their antioxidant properties. Moreover,
flavonoids inhibit various pathways that are involved in the progression of diabetic neuropathy like the reduction
of oxidative stress, decrease in glycogenolysis, increase glucose utilization, decrease in the formation of advanced
glycation end products, and inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme. This review entails current updates on the
therapeutic perspectives of flavonoids in the treatment of neuropathic pain. This manuscript explains the pathological
aspects of neuropathic pain, the chemistry of flavonoids, and their application in amelioration of neuropathic
pain through preclinical studies either alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sood
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Bimlesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Prashar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Anamika Gautam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Pandey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Indu Melkani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Subhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025, India
| | - Giovani Vidari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mehmet Ozdemir
- Department of Densitry, Tishk International University- Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Esra Tariq Anwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Tishk International University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Omji Porwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Tishk International University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oliveira H, Correia P, Pereira AR, Araújo P, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Oliveira J, Fernandes I. Exploring the Applications of the Photoprotective Properties of Anthocyanins in Biological Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7464. [PMID: 33050431 PMCID: PMC7589295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their physical and chemical characteristics, anthocyanins are amongst the most versatile groups of natural compounds. Such unique signature makes these compounds a focus in several different areas of research. Anthocyanins have well been reported as bioactive compounds in a myriad of health disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and obesity, among others, due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, and anti-proliferative capacities. Such a vast number of action mechanisms may be also due to the number of structurally different anthocyanins plus their related derivatives. In this review, we highlight the recent advances on the potential use of anthocyanins in biological systems with particular focus on their photoprotective properties. Topics such as skin aging and eye degenerative diseases, highly influenced by light, and the action of anthocyanins against such damages will be discussed. Photodynamic Therapy and the potential role of anthocyanins as novel photosensitizers will be also a central theme of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joana Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (H.O.); (P.C.); (A.R.P.); (P.A.); (N.M.); (V.d.F.)
| | - Iva Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (H.O.); (P.C.); (A.R.P.); (P.A.); (N.M.); (V.d.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aboonabi A, Aboonabi A. Anthocyanins reduce inflammation and improve glucose and lipid metabolism associated with inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB activation and increasing PPAR-γ gene expression in metabolic syndrome subjects. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 150:30-39. [PMID: 32061902 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities via a multitude of biochemical mechanisms. However, the signaling pathways involved in the actions of anthocyanins against chronic inflammation are not fully understood. The effects of berry-rich anthocyanin supplements (320 mg/day) for four weeks were examined on features of metabolic syndrome components and the expression of PPAR-γ, Nrf2, and NF-κB dependent genes in MetS and healthy subjects. Total RNA was isolated from whole blood with the PAXgene proprietary blood collection system. Four weeks anthocyanin consumption significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (15.7% vs 3.2%), TG (18.2% vs -1.39%), cholesterol (33.5% vs 1.56%) and LDL (28.4% vs -15.6%) in the MetS compared to Control group (P-value < 0.05, 95% CI). There was a significant up regulation in the expression PPAR-γ gene associated with the lipid and glucose metabolism in MetS subjects which negatively correlated (P-value < 0.01) with the change in the FBG (r = -0.488), Cholesterol (r = -0.496), TG (r = -0.513) and LDL (r = -0.519). Moreover, anthocyanin supplementation decreases serum hs-CRP (-36.3% vs 6.25%) in MetS in compared to Control group (P-value < 0.05). Anthocyanin supplementation also down-regulated the expression of NF-κB dependent genes including TNF-α (-28% and -15%), IL-6 (-16.1% and -13.6%), IL-1A (-21.5% and -12.9%), PCAM-1 (-15% and -17.5%), and COX-2(-26% and -27%) in both MetS and Control group respectively (P-value < 0.05). The study results suggested that berry supplements improved selected features of metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular risk factors. These benefits may be due to the inhibition of NF-κB dependent gene expression and enhancement of PPAR-γ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Aboonabi
- School of Medical Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
| | - Arta Aboonabi
- West Center of Tehran, Payam Noor University, Shahid Bagheri Town, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Varedi A, Rahman H, Kumar D, Catrow JL, Cox JE, Liu T, Florell SR, Boucher KM, Okwundu N, Burnett WJ, VanBrocklin MW, Grossman D. ASA Suppresses PGE 2 in Plasma and Melanocytic Nevi of Human Subjects at Increased Risk for Melanoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13010007. [PMID: 31906519 PMCID: PMC7168893 DOI: 10.3390/ph13010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic effects of aspirin (ASA) may be suitable for melanoma chemoprevention, but defining biomarkers in relevant target tissues is prerequisite to performing randomized controlled chemoprevention trials. We conducted open-label studies with ASA in 53 human subjects with melanocytic nevi at increased risk for melanoma. In a pilot study, 12 subjects received a single dose (325 mg) of ASA; metabolites salicylate, salicylurate, and gentisic acid were detected in plasma after 4–8 h, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was suppressed in both plasma and nevi for up to 24 h. Subsequently, 41 subjects received either 325 or 81 mg ASA (nonrandomized) daily for one week. ASA metabolites were consistently detected in plasma and nevi, and PGE2 levels were significantly reduced in both plasma and nevi. Subchronic ASA dosing did not affect 5” adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in nevi or leukocyte subsets in peripheral blood, although metabolomic and cytokine profiling of plasma revealed significant decreases in various (non-ASA-derived) metabolites and inflammatory cytokines. In summary, short courses of daily ASA reduce plasma and nevus PGE2 and some metabolites and cytokines in plasma of human subjects at increased risk for melanoma. PGE2 may be a useful biomarker in blood and nevi for prospective melanoma chemoprevention studies with ASA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Varedi
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (A.V.); (H.R.); (D.K.); (T.L.); (K.M.B.); (N.O.); (W.J.B.); (M.W.V.)
| | - Hafeez Rahman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (A.V.); (H.R.); (D.K.); (T.L.); (K.M.B.); (N.O.); (W.J.B.); (M.W.V.)
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (A.V.); (H.R.); (D.K.); (T.L.); (K.M.B.); (N.O.); (W.J.B.); (M.W.V.)
| | - Jonathan L. Catrow
- Health Science Center Cores, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (J.L.C.); (J.E.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - James E. Cox
- Health Science Center Cores, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (J.L.C.); (J.E.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (A.V.); (H.R.); (D.K.); (T.L.); (K.M.B.); (N.O.); (W.J.B.); (M.W.V.)
| | - Scott R. Florell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA;
| | - Kenneth M. Boucher
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (A.V.); (H.R.); (D.K.); (T.L.); (K.M.B.); (N.O.); (W.J.B.); (M.W.V.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Nwanneka Okwundu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (A.V.); (H.R.); (D.K.); (T.L.); (K.M.B.); (N.O.); (W.J.B.); (M.W.V.)
| | - William J. Burnett
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (A.V.); (H.R.); (D.K.); (T.L.); (K.M.B.); (N.O.); (W.J.B.); (M.W.V.)
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matthew W. VanBrocklin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (A.V.); (H.R.); (D.K.); (T.L.); (K.M.B.); (N.O.); (W.J.B.); (M.W.V.)
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Douglas Grossman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (A.V.); (H.R.); (D.K.); (T.L.); (K.M.B.); (N.O.); (W.J.B.); (M.W.V.)
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA;
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-801-581-4682
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Takshak S, Agrawal SB. Defense potential of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants under UV-B stress. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 193:51-88. [PMID: 30818154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has, for many decades now, been widely studied with respect to its consequences on plant and animal health. Though according to NASA, the ozone hole is on its way to recovery, it will still be a considerable time before UV-B levels reach pre-industrial limits. Thus, for the present, excessive UV-B reaching the Earth is a cause for concern, and UV-B related human ailments are on the rise. Plants produce various secondary metabolites as one of the defense strategies under UV-B. They provide photoprotection via their UV-B screening effects and by quenching the reactive oxygen- and nitrogen species produced under UV-B influence. These properties of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are being increasingly recognized and made use of in sunscreens and cosmetics, and pharma- and nutraceuticals are gradually becoming a part of the regular diet. Secondary metabolites derived from medicinal plants (alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics) are a source of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, as well as more rigorously tested and regulated drugs. These metabolites have been implicated in providing protection not only to plants under the influence of UV-B, but also to animals/animal cell lines, when the innate defenses in the latter are not adequate under UV-B-induced damage. The present review focuses on the defense potential of secondary metabolites derived from medicinal plants in both plants and animals. In plants, the concentrations of the alkaloids, terpenes/terpenoids, and phenolics have been discussed under UV-B irradiation as well as the fate of the genes and enzymes involved in their biosynthetic pathways. Their role in providing protection to animal models subjected to UV-B has been subsequently elucidated. Finally, we discuss the possible futuristic scenarios and implications for plant, animal, and human health pertaining to the defense potential of these secondary metabolites under UV-B radiation-mediated damages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swabha Takshak
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - S B Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Red Raspberry Extract Protects the Skin against UVB-Induced Damage with Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Properties. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9529676. [PMID: 30723535 PMCID: PMC6339709 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9529676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extensive exposure to UVB (280–320 nm) is the major risk responsible for various skin injuries. Numerous reports have shown that natural products could demonstrate photochemopreventive efficacy against UVB damage. We investigated the preventive effects and associated molecular mechanisms of red raspberry extract upon UVB-caused damage in human epidermal keratinocytes and a nude mouse model. The protein profiles and immunohistological study on a nude mouse skin indicated that red raspberry extract could prevent UVB-caused cell death and protect the skin against UVB-exposed injury manifested by wrinkling, scaling, tanning, and water loss as well as epidermal thickening. In addition, red raspberry extract application effectively abolished oxidative damage in DNA and attenuated the carbonylation level of proteins, which attributed to the activation of SOD, Nrf2 and its target genes, and HO-1. Red raspberry extract also altered the cells' apoptotic signaling pathways including caspase-3 as well as the inflammatory cascade such as c-jun and attenuated UVB-induced activation of NF-κB and COX-2. Red raspberry extract could alleviate direct photodamage to the skin caused by UVB exposure through the ROS scavenger and protection against inflammatory responses, which may allow the development of novel strategies in protecting the skin subjected to UVB radiation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G, Lysiuk R, Vella A, Lenchyk L, Upyr T. Targeting Cancer with Phytochemicals via Their Fine Tuning of the Cell Survival Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113568. [PMID: 30424557 PMCID: PMC6274856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of phytochemicals as potential prodrugs or therapeutic substances against tumors has come in the spotlight in the very recent years, thanks to the huge mass of encouraging and promising results of the in vitro activity of many phenolic compounds from plant raw extracts against many cancer cell lines. Little but important evidence can be retrieved from the clinical and nutritional scientific literature, where flavonoids are investigated as major pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic compounds. However, the actual role of these compounds in cancer is still far to be fully elucidated. Many of these phytochemicals act in a pleiotropic and poorly specific manner, but, more importantly, they are able to tune the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling to activate a survival or a pro-autophagic and pro-apoptosis mechanism, depending on the oxidative stress-responsive endowment of the targeted cell. This review will try to focus on this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
- Scientific Secretary-Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, DanyloHalytskyLviv National Medical University, 79007 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Antonio Vella
- AOUI Verona, University Hospital, Section of Immunology, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National University of Pharmacy, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Taras Upyr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martić R, Krajišnik D, Milić J. Antioxidants of plant origin in cosmetic products: Physicochemical properties and photoprotective potential. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2018. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm1801001m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
15
|
Iqbal J, Abbasi BA, Mahmood T, Kanwal S, Ali B, Shah SA, Khalil AT. Plant-derived anticancer agents: A green anticancer approach. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
16
|
He Y, Hu Y, Jiang X, Chen T, Ma Y, Wu S, Sun J, Jiao R, Li X, Deng L, Bai W. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside inhibits the UVB-induced ROS/COX-2 pathway in HaCaT cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 177:24-31. [PMID: 29031211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight, especially UVB (290-320nm), is one of the most important environmental factors that destroys the integrity of the skin and causes epidermal cell apoptosis, potentially even leading to skin cancer. UVB irradiation can cause skin damage by stimulating inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Anthocyanins are flavonoids that are common in many vegetable foods, and have also demonstrated chemopreventive effects. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, as a typical anthocyanin, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects, as well as the underlying mechanisms, of treating UVB-exposed HaCaT cells with Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. We demonstrated that Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside could effectively prevent the UVB-induced apoptosis of HaCaT cells. This protective effect can be explained by the scavenging of ROS and the suppression of COX-2 expression by interaction with the MAPK and Akt signaling pathways. Furthermore, we used Celecoxib as a positive control, and results showed that Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was more effective at decreasing EGFR phosphorylation than Celecoxib, which translated into a stronger inhibitory effect against the downstream elements p38, ERK, and JNK. Taken together, these results indicate that Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside can protect HaCaT cells against UVB radiation, which could provide a basis for the development of a potent nutritional therapy for UVB-induced skin disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuetang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Jiao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Liehua Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim JE, Heo YS, Lee KW. Osajin Inhibits Solar UV-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Through Direct Inhibition of RSK2. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4080-4087. [PMID: 28409880 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet light (sUV) has been shown to promote the development of skin disorders including inflammation, photoaging, and skin carcinogenesis. Osajin is the major bioactive isoflavone present in the fruit of Maclura pomifera, commonly referred to as the Osage orange. In this study, we observed that osajin inhibited sUV-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein expression in both HaCaT and JB6 cells. COX-2 is a major mediator of skin inflammation. sUV activated the transcription factors nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1 which, in turn, induces COX-2 expression. Osajin inhibited transactivation of these transcription factors. We identified RSK2 as an inhibitory target of osajin by screening against 68 kinases related to inflammation. Osajin binds with RSK2 directly in an ATP-competitive manner. Computer modeling simulated a plausible binding orientation between osajin and RSK2. Osajin inhibited sUV-induced phosphorylation of histone H3, a substrate of RSK2. However, sUV-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, p38 kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and Akt, which are signaling factors upstream of RSK2, was unchanged in the presence of osajin. The anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanism of osajin suggest that it may have utility as a functional food for skin health and cosmetic ingredient. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4080-4087, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Kim
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Yong-Seok Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rugină D, Hanganu D, Diaconeasa Z, Tăbăran F, Coman C, Leopold L, Bunea A, Pintea A. Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Potential of Cyanidin-Based Anthocyanins on Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050949. [PMID: 28468289 PMCID: PMC5454862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderberries are known for their high anthocyanins content, which have been shown to possess anti-proliferative and anti-cancer effects. Anthocyanins enriched extract (AEE) was obtained from elderberries and was characterized by LC/DAD/ESI-MS analysis. Five cyanidin-based anthocyanins were identified, among which Cy-3-O-samb was the major compound (51%). The total anthocyanins content of AEE was 495 mg Cy-3-O-samb/100 g FW. AEE inhibited proliferation of metastatic B16-F10 murine melanoma cells, in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 264.3 μg/mL. LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), as a marker of membrane integrity, increased 74% in B16-F10 cells treated with 250 μg/mL AEE, compared to control. It was observed that apoptosis is the mechanism of melanoma cell death after AEE treatment, confirmed morphologically by acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining and TUNEL analysis. These results indicate that elderberry-derived anthocyanins might be utilized in future applications as topical adjuvant in skin cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dumitriţa Rugină
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Mănăştur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Daniela Hanganu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babeș Street 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Zoriţa Diaconeasa
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Mănăştur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Flaviu Tăbăran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Mănăştur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristina Coman
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Mănăştur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Loredana Leopold
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Mănăştur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andrea Bunea
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Mănăştur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adela Pintea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Mănăştur Street 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kuanpradit C, Jaisin Y, Jungudomjaroen S, Akter Mitu S, Puttikamonkul S, Sobhon P, Cummins SF. Attenuation of UV-B exposure-induced inflammation by abalone hypobranchial gland and gill extracts. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1083-1090. [PMID: 28358420 PMCID: PMC5403342 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to solar ultraviolet B (UV-B) is a known causative factor for many skin complications such as wrinkles, black spots, shedding and inflammation. Within the wavelengths 280–320 nm, UV-B can penetrate to the epidermal level. This investigation aimed to test whether extracts from the tropical abalone [Haliotis asinina (H. asinina)] mucus-secreting tissues, the hypobranchial gland (HBG) and gills, were able to attenuate the inflammatory process, using the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line. Cytotoxicity of abalone tissue extracts was determined using an AlamarBlue viability assay. Results showed that HaCaT cells could survive when incubated in crude HBG and gill extracts at concentrations between <11.8 and <16.9 μg/ml, respectively. Subsequently, cell viability was compared between cultured HaCaT cells exposed to serial doses of UV-B from 1 to 11 (x10) mJ/cm2 and containing 4 different concentrations of abalone extract from both the HBG and gill (0, 0.1, 2.5, 5 μg/ml). A significant increase in cell viability was observed (P<0.001) following treatment with 2.5 and 5 μg/ml extract. Without extract, cell viability was significantly reduced upon exposure to UV-B at 4 mJ/cm2. Three morphological changes were observed in HaCaT cells following UV-B exposure, including i) condensation of cytoplasm; ii) shrunken cells and plasma membrane bubbling; and iii) condensation of chromatin material. A calcein AM-propidium iodide live-dead assay showed that cells could survive cytoplasmic condensation, yet cell death occurred when damage also included membrane bubbling and chromatin changes. Western blot analysis of HaCaT cell COX-2, p38, phospho-p38, SPK/JNK and phospho-SPK/JNK following exposure to >2.5 μg/ml extract showed a significant decrease in intensity for COX-2, phospho-p38 and phospho-SPK/JNK. The present study demonstrated that abalone extracts from the HGB and gill can attenuate inflammatory proteins triggered by UV-B. Hence, the contents of abalone extract, including cellmetabolites and peptides, may provide new agents for skin anti-inflammation, preventing damage due to UV-B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yamaratee Jaisin
- Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | | | - Shahida Akter Mitu
- Genecology Research Center, Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, DC, QLD 4558, Australia
| | | | - Prasert Sobhon
- Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Scott F Cummins
- Genecology Research Center, Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, DC, QLD 4558, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Freitas DDS, Morgado-Díaz JA, Gehren AS, Vidal FCB, Fernandes RMT, Romão W, Tose LV, Frazão FNS, Costa MCP, Silva DF, Nascimento MDDSB. Cytotoxic analysis and chemical characterization of fractions of the hydroalcoholic extract of the Euterpe oleracea Mart. seed in the MCF-7 cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:714-721. [PMID: 28211563 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the antineoplastic activity of fractions derived from the hydroalcoholic extract of Euterpe oleracea Mart. seed in the MCF-7 cell line and to identify the compounds responsible for the antineoplastic action. METHODS Cells were treated with 10, 20, 40 and 60 μg/ml with the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of the hydroalcoholic extract of açaí seed, for 24 and 48 h. After treatment, cell viability was measured using MTT assay and cell death was assessed using the Annexin-Pi assay. The most cytotoxic fraction under study was analysed by mass spectrometry using an electrospray ionization source and a cyclotron analyser coupled to a Fourier transform. Data were analysed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) or by Student's t-test, where appropriate. KEY FINDINGS All fractions caused significant reduction in the cell viability, but the EAF was the most cytotoxic (P < 0.001). It was observed the absence of significant annexin staining but increase Pi staining (P < 0.001). The EAF is composed of epicatechin, proanthocyanidin A2 and trimeric and tetrameric procyanidins. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that EAF was the most effective fraction in reducing cell viability and causing necroptosis in the MCF-7 cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayanne da S Freitas
- Post-Graduation Program in Adult and Children Health, Research Center of CCBS, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - José A Morgado-Díaz
- Cellular Biology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana S Gehren
- Cellular Biology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávia C B Vidal
- Post-Graduation Program in Adult and Children Health, Research Center of CCBS, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.,Morphology Department, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Raquel Maria T Fernandes
- Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Stadual University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Romão
- Petroleômica and Forensic Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal University Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Espírito Santo, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Lilian V Tose
- Petroleômica and Forensic Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal University Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola N S Frazão
- Scholarship Scientific Initiation PIBIC-CNPq/UFMA, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Maria Célia P Costa
- Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Stadual University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Dulcelena F Silva
- Morphology Department, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Maria do Desterro S B Nascimento
- Post-Graduation Program in Adult and Children Health, Research Center of CCBS, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.,Pathology Department, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yarla NS, Bishayee A, Sethi G, Reddanna P, Kalle AM, Dhananjaya BL, Dowluru KSVGK, Chintala R, Duddukuri GR. Targeting arachidonic acid pathway by natural products for cancer prevention and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:48-81. [PMID: 26853158 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) pathway, a metabolic process, plays a key role in carcinogenesis. Hence, AA pathway metabolic enzymes phospholipase A2s (PLA2s), cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and their metabolic products, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, have been considered novel preventive and therapeutic targets in cancer. Bioactive natural products are a good source for development of novel cancer preventive and therapeutic drugs, which have been widely used in clinical practice due to their safety profiles. AA pathway inhibitory natural products have been developed as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against several cancers. Curcumin, resveratrol, apigenin, anthocyans, berberine, ellagic acid, eugenol, fisetin, ursolic acid, [6]-gingerol, guggulsteone, lycopene and genistein are well known cancer chemopreventive agents which act by targeting multiple pathways, including COX-2. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid and baicalein can be chemopreventive molecules against various cancers by inhibiting LOXs. Several PLA2s inhibitory natural products have been identified with chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials against various cancers. In this review, we critically discuss the possible utility of natural products as preventive and therapeutic agents against various oncologic diseases, including prostate, pancreatic, lung, skin, gastric, oral, blood, head and neck, colorectal, liver, cervical and breast cancers, by targeting AA pathway. Further, the current status of clinical studies evaluating AA pathway inhibitory natural products in cancer is reviewed. In addition, various emerging issues, including bioavailability, toxicity and explorability of combination therapy, for the development of AA pathway inhibitory natural products as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against human malignancy are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Sastry Yarla
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telagana, India
| | - Arunasree M Kalle
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telagana, India; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Human Environmental Epigenomes, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bhadrapura Lakkappa Dhananjaya
- Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Center for Emerging Technologies, Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Kanakapura Taluk, Ramanagara 562 112, Karnataka, India
| | - Kaladhar S V G K Dowluru
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India; Department of Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Bilaspur University, Bilaspur 495 001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ramakrishna Chintala
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India
| | - Govinda Rao Duddukuri
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hisanaga A, Mukai R, Sakao K, Terao J, Hou DX. Anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of 8-prenyl quercetin. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1020-32. [PMID: 26872410 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE 8-prenyl quercetin (PQ) is a typical prenylflavonoid distributed in plant foods. It shows higher potential bioactivity than its parent quercetin (Q) although the mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aims to clarify the anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of PQ in cell and animal models, compared to Q. METHODS AND RESULTS RAW264.7 cells were treated with PQ or Q to investigate the influence on the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and protein kinases by Western blotting. Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) were measured by the Griess method and ELISA, respectively. Cytokines were assayed by the multiplex technology. Mouse paw edema was induced by LPS. The results revealed that PQ had stronger inhibition on the production of iNOS, COX-2, NO, PGE2 , and 12 kinds of cytokines, than Q. PQ also showed in vivo anti-inflammatory effect by attenuating mouse paw edema. Molecular data revealed that PQ had no competitive binding to Toll-like receptor 4 with LPS, but directly targeted SEK1-JNK1/2 (where SEK is stress-activated protein kinase and JNK1/2 is Jun-N-terminal kinase 1/2) and MEK1-ERK1/2 (where ERK is extracellular signal regulated kinase). CONCLUSION PQ as a potential inhibitor revealed anti-inflammatory effect in both cell and animal models at least by targeting SEK1-JNK1/2 and MEK1-ERK1/2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Hisanaga
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rie Mukai
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kozue Sakao
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Junji Terao
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Black Rice Anthocyanins Suppress Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells by Targeting RAS/RAF/MAPK Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:414250. [PMID: 26649302 PMCID: PMC4663286 DOI: 10.1155/2015/414250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) drives the biology of 30% of breast cancer cases. As a transducer of HER2 signaling, RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway plays a pivotal role in the development of breast cancer. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive effects of black rice anthocyanins (BRACs) extract and identified their molecular targets in HER2(+) breast cancer cells. Treatment of MDA-MB-453 cells (HER2(+)) with BRACs inhibited cell migration and invasion, suppressed the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (RAF), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and downregulated the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9. BRACs also weakened the interactions of HER2 with RAF, MEK, and JNK proteins, respectively, and decreased the mRNA expression of raf, mek, and jnk. Further, we found combined treatment with BRACs and RAF, MEK, or JNK inhibitors could enhance the antimetastatic activity, compared with that of each treatment. Transient transfection with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) specific for raf, mek, and jnk inhibited their mRNA expression in MDA-MB-453 cells. Moreover, cotreatment with BRACs and siRNA induces a more remarkable inhibitory effect than that by either substance alone. In summary, our study suggested that BRACs suppress metastasis in breast cancer cells by targeting the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim JE, Lee KW. Silkworm Thorn Stem Extract Targets RSK2 and Suppresses Solar UV-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25096-107. [PMID: 26506342 PMCID: PMC4632792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive exposure to solar UV (sUV) is associated with numerous human skin disorders, such as carcinogenesis, skin photoaging and skin inflammation. Silkworm Thorn (Cudraniatricuspidata, SW) is a plant belonging to the Moraceae family and widely present throughout Korea, China, and Japan. Most parts of the tree (including the fruit, leaf, stem, root, and bark) is consumable as a functional food or tea. In this study, we found that SW extract (SWE) inhibited the elevated expression of sUV-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 levels in both HaCaT and JB6 cells. Levels of nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1, two crucial transcription factors involved in COX-2 expression, were elevated by sUV treatment. Treatment with SWE abolished this activation. SWE also inhibited sUV-induced histone H3 phosphorylation. However, sUV-induced phosphorylation of Akt, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 kinase remained unchanged in the presence of SWE. SWE inhibited RSK2 activity, and pull-down assays using SWE-Sepharose beads revealed that SWE binds directly with RSK2 in an ATP-competitive manner. These results suggest a potential for SWE to be developed as a cosmeceutical material and functional food constituent for the promotion of skin health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA.
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Korea.
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huh WB, Kim JE, Kang YG, Park G, Lim TG, Kwon JY, Song DS, Jeong EH, Lee CC, Son JE, Seo SG, Lee E, Kim JR, Lee CY, Park JS, Lee KW. Brown Pine Leaf Extract and Its Active Component Trans-Communic Acid Inhibit UVB-Induced MMP-1 Expression by Targeting PI3K. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128365. [PMID: 26066652 PMCID: PMC4465834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) is widely present in China, Japan, and Korea. Its green pine leaves have traditionally been used as a food as well as a coloring agent. After being shed, pine leaves change their color from green to brown within two years, and although the brown pine leaves are abundantly available, their value has not been closely assessed. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-photoaging properties of brown pine leaves for skin. Brown pine leaf extract (BPLE) inhibited UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression to a greater extent than pine leaf extract (PLE) in human keratinocytes and a human skin equivalent model. HPLC analysis revealed that the quantity of trans-communic acid (TCA) and dehydroabietic acid (DAA) significantly increases when the pine leaf color changes from green to brown. BPLE and TCA elicited reductions in UVB-induced MMP-1 mRNA expression and activator protein-1 (AP-1) transactivation by reducing DNA binding activity of phospho-c-Jun, c-fos and Fra-1. BPLE and TCA also inhibited UVB-induced Akt phosphorylation, but not mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), known regulators of AP-1 transactivation. We additionally found that BPLE and TCA inhibited phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), the upstream kinase of Akt, in vitro. In summary, both BPLE and its active component TCA exhibit protective effects against UVB-induced skin aging. Taken together, these findings underline the potential for BPLE and TCA to be utilized as anti-wrinkling agents and cosmetic ingredients, as they suppress UVB-induced MMP-1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Bum Huh
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Kang
- Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Park
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-gyu Lim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Kwon
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Som Song
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Jeong
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles C. Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14456, United States of America
| | - Joe Eun Son
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gwon Seo
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Rhan Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14456, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudia Arabia
| | - Jun Seong Park
- Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (KWL); (JSP)
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (KWL); (JSP)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Song NR, Kim JE, Park JS, Kim JR, Kang H, Lee E, Kang YG, Son JE, Seo SG, Heo YS, Lee KW. Licochalcone A, a polyphenol present in licorice, suppresses UV-induced COX-2 expression by targeting PI3K, MEK1, and B-Raf. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4453-70. [PMID: 25710724 PMCID: PMC4394430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Licorice is a traditional botanical medicine, and has historically been commonly prescribed in Asia to treat various diseases. Glycyrrhizin (Gc), a triterpene compound, is the most abundant phytochemical constituent of licorice. However, high intake or long-term consumption of Gc has been associated with a number of side effects, including hypertension. However, the presence of alternative bioactive compounds in licorice with anti-carcinogenic effects has long been suspected. Licochalcone A (LicoA) is a prominent member of the chalcone family and can be isolated from licorice root. To date, there have been no reported studies on the suppressive effect of LicoA against solar ultraviolet (sUV)-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Here, we show that LicoA, a major chalcone compound of licorice, effectively inhibits sUV-induced COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 PGE2 generation through the inhibition of activator protein 1 AP-1 transcriptional activity, with an effect that is notably more potent than Gc. Western blotting analysis shows that LicoA suppresses sUV-induced phosphorylation of Akt/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2/p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RSK) in HaCaT cells. Moreover, LicoA directly suppresses the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)1, and B-Raf, but not Raf-1 in cell-free assays, indicating that PI3K, MEK1, and B-Raf are direct molecular targets of LicoA. We also found that LicoA binds to PI3K and B-Raf in an ATP-competitive manner, although LicoA does not appear to compete with ATP for binding with MEK1. Collectively, these results provide insight into the biological action of LicoA, which may have potential for development as a skin cancer chemopreventive agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nu Ry Song
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 443-270, Korea.
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 443-270, Korea.
| | - Jun Seong Park
- Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, 446-829, Korea.
| | - Jong Rhan Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 443-270, Korea.
| | - Heerim Kang
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 443-270, Korea.
| | - Eunjung Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 443-270, Korea.
- Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Young-Gyu Kang
- Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, 446-829, Korea.
| | - Joe Eun Son
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 443-270, Korea.
| | - Sang Gwon Seo
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 443-270, Korea.
| | - Yong Seok Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea.
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 443-270, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jnawali HN, Lee E, Jeong KW, Shin A, Heo YS, Kim Y. Anti-inflammatory activity of rhamnetin and a model of its binding to c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 and p38 MAPK. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:258-263. [PMID: 24397781 DOI: 10.1021/np400803n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnetin (1), a commonly occurring plant O-methylated flavonoid, possesses antioxidant properties. To address the potential therapeutic efficacy of 1, its anti-inflammatory activity and mode of action in mouse macrophage-derived RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interferon (IFN)-γ were investigated. Rhamnetin (1) suppressed mouse tumor necrosis factor (mTNF)-α, mouse macrophage inflammatory protein (mMIP)-1, and mMIP-2 cytokine production in LPS-stimulated macrophages. A nontoxic dose of 1 suppressed nitric oxide production. It was found that the anti-inflammatory effects of 1 are mediated by actions on the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 pathways in LPS- or IFN-γ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. It was determined that 1 binds to human JNK1 (9.7 × 10(8) M(-1)) and p38 MAPK (2.31 × 10(7) M(-1)) with good affinity. The binding model showed interactions with the 3'- and 4'-hydroxy groups of the B-ring and the 5-hydroxy group of the A-ring of 1. Further, 1 exerted an anti-inflammatory effect, reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hum Nath Jnawali
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vasantha Rupasinghe H, Nair SV, Robinson RA. Chemopreventive Properties of Fruit Phenolic Compounds and Their Possible Mode of Actions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63281-4.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
|
29
|
Son JE, Lee E, Jung SK, Kim JE, Oak MH, Lee KW, Lee HJ. Anthocyanidins, novel FAK inhibitors, attenuate PDGF-BB-induced aortic smooth muscle cell migration and neointima formation. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 101:503-12. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
30
|
7b, a novel naphthalimide derivative, exhibited anti-inflammatory effects via targeted-inhibiting TAK1 following down-regulation of ERK1/2- and p38 MAPK-mediated activation of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:216-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
31
|
Murakami A, Ohnishi K. Target molecules of food phytochemicals: food science bound for the next dimension. Food Funct 2012; 3:462-76. [PMID: 22377900 DOI: 10.1039/c2fo10274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are generally defined as secondary metabolites in plants that play crucial roles in their adaptation to a variety of environmental stressors. There is a great body of compelling evidence showing that these metabolites have pronounced potentials for regulating and modulating human health and disease onset, as shown by both experimental and epidemiological approaches. Concurrently, enormous efforts have been made to elucidate the mechanism of actions underlying their biological and physiological functions. For example, the pioneering work of Tachibana et al. uncovered the receptor for (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg) as the 67 kDa laminin receptor, which was shown to partially mediate the functions of EGCg, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-proliferative activities. Thereafter, several protein kinases were identified as binding proteins of flavonoids, including myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol. Isothiocyanates, sulfur-containing phytochemicals present in cruciferous plants, are well known to target Keap1 for activating the transcription factor Nrf2 for inducing self-defensive and anti-oxidative gene expression. In addition, we recently identified CD36 as a cell surface receptor for ursolic acid, a triterpenoid ubiquitously occurring in plants. Importantly, the above mentioned target proteins are indispensable for phytochemicals to exhibit, at least in part, their bioactivities. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to assume that some of the activities and potential toxicities of metabolites are exerted via their interactions with unidentified, off-target proteins. This notion may be supported by the fact that even rationally designed drugs occasionally display off-target effects and induce unexpected outcomes, including toxicity. Here we update the current status and future directions of research related to target molecules of food phytochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Exploring the function of the JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) signalling pathway in physiological and pathological processes to design novel therapeutic strategies. Biochem Soc Trans 2012; 40:85-9. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) is a member of the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) family that regulates a range of biological processes implicated in tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative disorders. For example, genetic studies have demonstrated that the removal of specific Jnk genes can reduce neuronal death associated with cerebral ischaemia. As such, targeting JNK signalling constitutes an obvious opportunity for therapeutic intervention. However, MAPK inhibitors can display toxic effects. Consequently, dual-specificity MKKs (MAPK kinases) may represent more attractive targets. In particular, evidence that blocking JNK activation by removing MKK4 offers an effective therapy to treat pathological conditions has started to emerge. MKK4 was the first JNK activator identified. The remaining level of JNK activity in cells lacking MKK4 expression led to the discovery of a second activator of JNK, named MKK7. Distinct phenotypic abnormalities associated with the targeted deletion of Mkk4 and Mkk7 in mice have revealed that MKK4 and MKK7 have non-redundant function in vivo. Further insights into the specific functions of the JNK activators in cancer cells and in neurons will be of critical importance to validate MKK4 and MKK7 as promising drug targets.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim JE, Son JE, Jang YJ, Lee DE, Kang NJ, Jung SK, Heo YS, Lee KW, Lee HJ. Luteolin, a novel natural inhibitor of tumor progression locus 2 serine/threonine kinase, inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in JB6 mouse epidermis cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 338:1013-22. [PMID: 21705614 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.179200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated signal pathways may be a promising strategy for developing chemopreventive agents, because TNF-α-mediated cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression plays a key role in inflammation and carcinogenesis. Luteolin [2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-chromenone] exerts anticarcinogenic effects, although little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms and specific targets of this compound. In the present study, we found that luteolin inhibited TNF-α-induced COX-2 expression by down-regulating the transactivation of nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1. Furthermore, luteolin inhibited TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase 1/ERK/p90(RSK), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4/c-Jun N-terminal kinase/c-Jun, and Akt/p70(S6K). However, it had no effect on the phosphorylation of p38. These effects of luteolin on TNF-α-mediated signaling pathways and COX-2 expression are similar to those achieved by blocking tumor progression locus 2 serine/threonine kinase (TPL2) using pharmacologic inhibitors and small interfering RNAs. Luteolin inhibited TPL2 activity in vitro and in TPL2 immunoprecipitation kinase assays by binding directly in an ATP-competitive manner. Overall, these results indicate that luteolin exerts potent chemopreventive activities, which primarily target TPL2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Kim
- World Class University Biomodulation Program, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Agricultural Biomaterials and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Afaq F. Natural agents: cellular and molecular mechanisms of photoprotection. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 508:144-51. [PMID: 21147060 PMCID: PMC3060948 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the body that produces a flexible and self-repairing barrier and protects the body from most common potentially harmful physical, environmental, and biological insults. Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the major environmental insults to the skin and causes multi-tiered cellular and molecular events eventually leading to skin cancer. The past decade has seen a surge in the incidence of skin cancer due to changes in life style patterns that have led to a significant increase in the amount of UV radiation that people receive. Reducing excessive exposure to UV radiation is desirable; nevertheless this approach is not easy to implement. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies to reduce the adverse biological effects of UV radiation on the skin. A wide variety of natural agents have been reported to possess substantial skin photoprotective effects. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have elucidated that natural agents act by several cellular and molecular mechanisms to delay or prevent skin cancer. In this review article, we have summarized and discussed some of the selected natural agents for skin photoprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lim TG, Kwon JY, Kim J, Song NR, Lee KM, Heo YS, Lee HJ, Lee KW. Cyanidin-3-glucoside suppresses B[a]PDE-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression by directly inhibiting Fyn kinase activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:167-74. [PMID: 21501596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (B[a]PDE) is a well-known carcinogen that is associated with skin cancer. Abnormal expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an important mediator in inflammation and tumor promotion. We investigated the inhibitory effect of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), an anthocyanin present in fruits, on B[a]PDE-induced COX-2 expression in mouse epidermal JB6 P+ cells. Pretreatment with C3G resulted in the reduction of B[a]PDE-induced expression of COX-2 and COX-2 promoter activity. The activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) induced by B[a]PDE was also attenuated by C3G. C3G attenuated the B[a]PDE-induced phosphorylation of MEK, MKK4, Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), but no effect on the phosphorylation of the upstream MAPK regulator Fyn. However, kinase assays demonstrated that C3G suppressed Fyn kinase activity and C3G directly binds Fyn kinase noncompetitively with ATP. By using PP2, a pharmacological inhibitor for SFKs, we showed that Fyn kinase regulates B[a]PDE-induced COX-2 expression by activating MAPKs, AP-1 and NF-κB. These results suggest that C3G suppresses B[a]PDE-induced COX-2 expression mainly by blocking the activation of the Fyn signaling pathway, which may contribute to its chemopreventive potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Gyu Lim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Although successful for a limited number of tumour types, the efficacy of cancer therapies, especially for late-stage disease, remains poor overall. Many have argued that this could be avoided by focusing on cancer prevention, which has now entered the arena of targeted therapies. During the process of identifying preventive agents, dietary phytochemicals, which are thought to be safe for human use, have emerged as modulators of key cellular signalling pathways. The task now is to understand how these chemicals perturb these pathways by modelling their interactions with their target proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Won Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kang NJ, Shin SH, Lee HJ, Lee KW. Polyphenols as small molecular inhibitors of signaling cascades in carcinogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 130:310-24. [PMID: 21356239 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidences suggest that oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species are closely related to multi-stage carcinogenesis. Polyphenols, a group of chemicals with more than one phenol unit or building block per molecule, have been recognized for possessing many health benefits including cancer-preventive effects mainly due to their antioxidant activity. However, polyphenols can directly bind with signaling molecules involved in carcinogenesis and regulate its activity. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the binding between the polyphenol and the target protein is determined by their structural relationship, which implies that different polyphenols have different target proteins, leading to divergent chemopreventive effects. Extracellular stimuli transmit signals into a cell by activating their target signaling cascades involved in carcinogenesis. As an example, Src family kinase, a family of proto-oncogenic tyrosine kinases activated by a variety of oxidative stress and proinflammatory agents, is known to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and angiogenesis. Src family kinase subsequently activates downstream signal cascades including mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositol-3-kinase, and nuclear factor-kappaB, thereby inducing cell proliferation and causing cancer. Recent studies demonstrate that polyphenols can directly target signaling cascades involved in inflammation and the development of cancer. Inhibition of the kinases by polyphenols contributes to the attenuation of carcinogenesis. Therefore, the development of polyphenols as direct inhibitors against target proteins is regarded as a rational approach for chemoprevention. This review describes and discusses recent results about the direct interactions of polyphenols and protein kinases in cancer chemoprevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nam Joo Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yoon JH, Lim TG, Lee KM, Jeon AJ, Kim SY, Lee KW. Tangeretin reduces ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in mouse epidermal cells by blocking mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:222-228. [PMID: 21126077 DOI: 10.1021/jf103204x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of tangeretin, a polymethoxylated flavonone present in citrus fruits, on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in JB6 P+ mouse skin epidermal cells. Tangeretin suppressed UVB-induced COX-2 expression and transactivation of nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1 in JB6 P+ cells. Moreover, tangeretin blocked UVB-induced phosphorylation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38, and attenuated the phosphorylation of MAPK kinases 1/2, 3/6, and 4. Tangeretin also limited the endogenous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby protecting the cells against oxidative stress. However, tangeretin did not scavenge the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and influence the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of tangeretin stem from its modulation of cell signaling and suppression of intracellular ROS generation. Tangeretin may have a potent chemopreventive effect in skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cocoa polyphenols suppress TNF-α-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression by inhibiting phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 (MEK1) activities in mouse epidermal cells. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:957-64. [PMID: 20550744 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510001704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cocoa polyphenols have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has a vital role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as cancer and psoriasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression is associated with tumorigenesis, CVD, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. We tested whether cocoa polyphenol extract (CPE) inhibited TNF-α-induced VEGF expression in promotion-sensitive JB6 mouse epidermal cells. CPE significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced up-regulation of VEGF via reducing TNF-α-induced activation of the nuclear transcription factors activator protein-1 (AP-1) and NF-κB, which are key regulators of VEGF expression. CPE also inhibited TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. CPE blocked activation of their downstream kinases, p70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase and p90 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase. CPE suppressed phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity via binding PI3K directly. CPE did not affect TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 (MEK1) but suppressed TNF-α-induced MEK1 activity. Collectively, these results indicate that CPE reduced TNF-α-induced up-regulation of VEGF by directly inhibiting PI3K and MEK1 activities, which may contribute to its chemopreventive potential.
Collapse
|