1
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Xing WQ, Piao XJ, Han Q, Shi HY, Wu WC, Si F, Lu JJ, Zhou TZ, Guo JR, Li SZ, Xu B. SIRT2 regulates high mobility group protein B1 nucleoplasmic shuttle and degradation via deacetylation in microglia. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31364. [PMID: 39129208 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) acts as a pathogenic inflammatory response to mediate ranges of conditions such as epilepsy, septic shock, ischemia, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and mass spectrometry. HMGB1 promotes inflammation during sterile and infectious damage and plays a crucial role in disease development. Mobilization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is the first important step in the release of HMGB1 from activated immune cells. Here, we demonstrated that Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) physically interacts with and deacetylates HMGB1 at 43 lysine residue at nuclear localization signal locations, strengthening its interaction with HMGB1 and causing HMGB1 to be localized in the cytoplasm. These discoveries are the first to shed light on the SIRT2 nucleoplasmic shuttle, which influences HMGB1 and its degradation, hence revealing novel therapeutic targets and avenues for neuroinflammation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qun Xing
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xian-Ji Piao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Qi Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hui-Ying Shi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Wen-Cong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Fan Si
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Lu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Tie-Zhong Zhou
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ru Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shi-Ze Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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2
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Tu H, Gao Q, Zhou Y, Peng L, Wu D, Zhang D, Yang J. The role of sirtuins in intervertebral disc degeneration: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38922861 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the main causes of low back pain, which affects the patients' quality of life and health and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden. Despite great efforts made by researchers to understand the pathogenesis of IDD, effective strategies for preventing and treating this disease remain very limited. Sirtuins are a highly conserved family of (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases in mammals that are involved in a variety of metabolic processes in vivo. In recent years, sirtuins have attracted much attention owing to their regulatory roles in IDD on physiological activities such as inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, aging, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function. At the same time, many studies have explored the therapeutic effects of sirtuins-targeting activators or micro-RNA in IDD. This review summarizes the molecular pathways of sirtuins involved in IDD, and summarizes the therapeutic role of activators or micro-RNA targeting Sirtuins in IDD, as well as the current limitations and challenges, with a view to provide possible solutions for the treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yumeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource & Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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3
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Chen J, Lou R, Zhou F, Li D, Peng C, Lin L. Sirtuins: Key players in obesity-associated adipose tissue remodeling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1068986. [PMID: 36505468 PMCID: PMC9730827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1068986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat and a major threat to public health all over the world, is the determining factor of the onset and development of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Long-term overnutrition results in excessive expansion and dysfunction of adipose tissue, inflammatory responses and over-accumulation of extracellular matrix in adipose tissue, and ectopic lipid deposit in other organs, termed adipose tissue remodeling. The mammalian Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are a family of conserved NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases. Mounting evidence has disclosed that Sirtuins and their prominent substrates participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including cell cycle regulation, mitochondrial biogenesis and function, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin action, inflammatory responses, and energy homeostasis. In this review, we provided up-to-date and comprehensive knowledge about the roles of Sirtuins in adipose tissue remodeling, focusing on the fate of adipocytes, lipid mobilization, adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis, and browning of adipose tissue, and we summarized the clinical trials of Sirtuin activators and inhibitors in treating metabolic diseases, which might shed light on new therapeutic strategies for obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ruohan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Cheng Peng, ; Ligen Lin,
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China,*Correspondence: Cheng Peng, ; Ligen Lin,
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4
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Xu JJ, Cui J, Lin Q, Chen XY, Zhang J, Gao EH, Wei B, Zhao W. Protection of the enhanced Nrf2 deacetylation and its downstream transcriptional activity by SIRT1 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Int J Cardiol 2021; 342:82-93. [PMID: 34403762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2, the master gene transcriptor of antioxidant proteins, and SIRT1, the unique Class III histone deacetylase of sirtuins, have been involved in protecting myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. However, whether the protective effect of SIRT1 is directly related to the deacetylation of Nrf2 in the pathology of MI/R remains to be investigated. The current study was designed to evaluate the regulation of Nrf2 deacetylation and transcriptional activity by SIRT1 in MI/R. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cardiomyocytes and MI/R mice were used to assess the role of SIRT1 in Nrf2 activation. Oxidative stress, cardiac function, LDH release, ROS and infarct size were also evaluated. We found that Nrf2 physically interacted with SIRT1 not only in normal and H/R cardiomyocytes in vitro, but also in Sham or I/R hearts in vivo. Adenovirus induced SIRT1 overexpression resulted in protected H/R induced cell death, accompanied by declined LDH release. Through MI/R in vivo, cardiac overexpression of SIRT1 led to ameliorated cardiac function and infarct size, as well as the decreased cardiac oxidative stress. Notably, such beneficial actions of SIRT1 were blocked by the Nrf2 silence. Mechanically, acetylation of Nrf2 was significantly decreased by SIRT1 overexpression in cardiomyocytes or in whole hearts, which upregulated the downstream signaling pathway of Nrf2. Taken together, we uncovered a clue, for the first time that SIRT1 physically interacts with Nrf2. The cardioprotective effect of SIRT1 overexpression against MI/R is associated with the increased Nrf2 deacetylation and activity. These findings have offered a direct proof and new perspective of post-translational modification in the understanding of oxidative stress and MI/R treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Jing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Qiao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Xiu-Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Er-He Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, MERB, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Bo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
| | - Wen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
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5
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SIRT7 Acts as a Guardian of Cellular Integrity by Controlling Nucleolar and Extra-Nucleolar Functions. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091361. [PMID: 34573343 PMCID: PMC8467518 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are key players for maintaining cellular homeostasis and are often deregulated in different human diseases. SIRT7 is the only member of mammalian sirtuins that principally resides in the nucleolus, a nuclear compartment involved in ribosomal biogenesis, senescence, and cellular stress responses. The ablation of SIRT7 induces global genomic instability, premature ageing, metabolic dysfunctions, and reduced stress tolerance, highlighting its critical role in counteracting ageing-associated processes. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms employed by SIRT7 to ensure cellular and organismal integrity with particular emphasis on SIRT7-dependent regulation of nucleolar functions.
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6
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Singh M, Srivastava M, Wakode SR, Asthana S. Elucidation of Structural Determinants Delineates the Residues Playing Key Roles in Differential Dynamics and Selective Inhibition of Sirt1-3. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:1105-1124. [PMID: 33606530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sirt1-3 are the most studied sirtuins, playing a key role in caloric-dependent epigenetic modifications. Since they are localized in distinct cellular compartments and act differently under various pathological conditions, selective inhibition would be a promising strategy to understand their biological function and to discover effective therapeutics. Here, sirtuin's inhibitor Ex527* is used as a probe to speculate the possible root cause of selective inhibition and differential structural dynamics of Sirt1-3. Comparative energetics and mutational studies revealed the criticality of residues I279 and I316 for the Sirt1 selectivity toward Ex527*. Furthermore, essential dynamics and residue network analysis revealed that the side-chain reorientation in residue F190 due to nonconserved residue Y191 played a major role in the formation of an extended selectivity pocket in Sirt2. These changes at the dynamical and residual level, which impact the internal wiring significantly, might help in rationally designing selective inhibitors against Sirt1-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrityunjay Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.,Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, DPSRU, M.B. Road, Pushp Vihar, Sector 3, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Mitul Srivastava
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sharad R Wakode
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, DPSRU, M.B. Road, Pushp Vihar, Sector 3, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
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7
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Galli G, Saleh M. Immunometabolism of Macrophages in Bacterial Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:607650. [PMID: 33585278 PMCID: PMC7879570 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.607650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important effectors of tissue homeostasis, inflammation and host defense. They are equipped with an arsenal of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) necessary to sense microbial- or danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs) and elicit rapid energetically costly innate immunity responses to protect the organism. The interaction between cellular metabolism and macrophage innate immunity is however not limited to answering the cell’s energy demands. Mounting evidence now indicate that in response to bacterial sensing, macrophages undergo metabolic adaptations that contribute to the induction of innate immunity signaling and/or macrophage polarization. In particular, intermediates of the glycolysis pathway, the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle, mitochondrial respiration, amino acid and lipid metabolism directly interact with and modulate macrophage effectors at the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-translational levels. Interestingly, some intracellular bacterial pathogens usurp macrophage metabolic pathways to attenuate anti-bacterial defenses. In this review, we highlight recent evidence describing such host-bacterial immunometabolic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Galli
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, CHU Bordeaux, Haut Leveque Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - Maya Saleh
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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8
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Dilated cardiomyopathy impairs mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes inflammation in an age- and sex-dependent manner. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24117-24133. [PMID: 33303703 PMCID: PMC7762497 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) belongs to the myocardial diseases associated with a severe impairment of cardiac function, but the question of how sex and age affect this pathology has not been fully explored. Impaired energy homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and systemic inflammation are well-described phenomena associated with aging. In this study, we investigated if DCM affects these phenomena in a sex- and age-related manner. We analyzed the expression of mitochondrial and antioxidant proteins and the inflammatory state in DCM heart tissue from younger and older women and men. A significant downregulation of Sirt1 expression was detected in older DCM patients. Sex-related differences were observed in the phosphorylation of AMPK that only appeared in older males with DCM, possibly due to an alternative Sirt1 regulation mechanism. Furthermore, reduced expression of several mitochondrial proteins (TOM40, TIM23, Sirt3, and SOD2) and genes (cox1, nd4) was only detected in old DCM patients, suggesting that age has a greater effect than DCM on these alterations. Finally, an increased expression of inflammatory markers in older, failing hearts, with a stronger pro-inflammatory response in men, was observed. Together, these findings indicate that age- and sex-related increased inflammation and disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis occurs in male individuals with DCM.
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9
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Putative Receptors for Gravity Sensing in Mammalian Cells: The Effects of Microgravity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10062028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gravity is a constitutive force that influences life on Earth. It is sensed and translated into biochemical stimuli through the so called “mechanosensors”, proteins able to change their molecular conformation in order to amplify external cues causing several intracellular responses. Mechanosensors are widely represented in the human body with important structures such as otholiths in hair cells of vestibular system and statoliths in plants. Moreover, they are also present in the bone, where mechanical cues can cause bone resorption or formation and in muscle in which mechanical stimuli can increase the sensibility for mechanical stretch. In this review, we discuss the role of mechanosensors in two different conditions: normogravity and microgravity, emphasizing their emerging role in microgravity. Microgravity is a singular condition in which many molecular changes occur, strictly connected with the modified gravity force and free fall of bodies. Here, we first summarize the most important mechanosensors involved in normogravity and microgravity. Subsequently, we propose muscle LIM protein (MLP) and sirtuins as new actors in mechanosensing and signaling transduction under microgravity.
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10
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Yang K, Yin Q, Mao Q, Dai S, Wang L, Dong J, Zuo J. Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Therapeutic Effects of α-Mangostin on Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats by Down-regulating Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase. Inflammation 2019; 42:741-753. [PMID: 30484004 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
α-Mangostin (MAN) is a bioactive compound isolated from pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) with significant anti-rheumatic potentials. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats with metabolomics approaches. Therapeutic effects of MAN on CIA were assessed by radiographic, histological, and immunohistochemical methods. Metabolic profiles of rats were characterized based on UPLC-MS/MS analysis of urine samples, followed by verification in HFLS-RA cells using a variety of toxicological and biochemical assays. We found that MAN treatment protected joint structures in CIA rats and caused a decrease of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in urine. The levels of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) were reduced in fibroblast-like synoviocytes by MAN both in vivo and in vitro, which was accompanied with a decline in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) production. Secretion of extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT) in HFLS-RA cells was also decreased upon MAN treatment, which lagged behind the changes of its intracellular counterpart (iNAMPT). Co-treatment with NMN raised the secretion of eNAMPT and restored the decline of p-p65 and TNF-α induced by MAN in vitro. Sirt1 expression was down-regulated under MAN treatments too. These results suggest that MAN treatment suppressed NAD production by inhibiting iNAMPT expression, which in turn decreased eNAMPT secretion and alleviated NF-κB-mediated inflammations in CIA rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Yang
- Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 West Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Qin Yin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Qingcheng Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sheng Dai
- Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 West Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Jiyang Dong
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 West Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241000, China.
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11
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Kızıltunç E, Kösem A, Özkan C, Ilgın BU, Kundi H, Çetin M, Ornek E. Serum Sirtuin 1, 3 and 6 Levels in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 113:33-39. [PMID: 31291416 PMCID: PMC6684194 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuins may act in many cellular processes like apoptosis, DNA repair and lipid/glucose metabolism. Experimental studies suggested some sirtuin types may have protective effects against endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy and reperfusion injury. Data about sirtuins in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients are scarce. OBJECTIVES To investigate temporal changes of serum sirtuin 1,3 and 6 levels in AMI patients; to compare the serum sirtuin 1,3 and 6 levels between AMI patients and control subjects; and to investigate the association of serum sirtuin 1,3 and 6 levels with prognostic markers of AMI. METHODS Forty patients with AMI and 40 patients with normal coronary arteries were included. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), serum proBNP, CRP, sirtuin1, sirtuin 3 and sirtuin 6 levels were processed. Peak troponin T levels, GRACE score, first day / second day sirtuin levels were recorded of AMI patients. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Serum sirtuin 1,3 and 6 levels in AMI patients were similar to those in normal coronary patients. No temporal change in serum sirtuin 1,3 and 6 levels were found in AMI course. No correlation was evident between the sirtuin levels and the following parameters: proBNP, CRP, peak troponin and LVEF. Baseline sirtuin 1 and 6 levels were positively correlated with reperfusion duration. Baseline sirtuin 3 levels were negatively correlated with GRACE score. CONCLUSION Serum sirtuin 1,3 and 6 levels in AMI patients were similar to those in normal coronary patients. This study does not represent evidence of the possible protective effects of sirtuin1, 3 and 6 in AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrullah Kızıltunç
- TC Saglik Bakanligi Ankara Numune Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi - Cardiology, Ankara - Turkey
| | - Arzu Kösem
- TC Saglik Bakanligi Ankara Numune Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi - Medical Biochemistry, Ankara - Turkey
| | - Can Özkan
- TC Saglik Bakanligi Ankara Numune Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi - Cardiology, Ankara - Turkey
| | - Burcu Uğurlu Ilgın
- TC Saglık Bakanlıgı Gazi Mustafa Kemal Devlet Hastanesi - Cardiology, Ankara - Turkey
| | - Harun Kundi
- TC Saglik Bakanligi Ankara Numune Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi - Cardiology, Ankara - Turkey.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center - Cardiology, Boston, Massachusetts - USA
| | - Mustafa Çetin
- TC Saglik Bakanligi Ankara Numune Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi - Cardiology, Ankara - Turkey
| | - Ender Ornek
- TC Saglik Bakanligi Ankara Numune Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi - Cardiology, Ankara - Turkey
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12
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Identification of Bichalcones as Sirtuin Inhibitors by Virtual Screening and In Vitro Testing. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020416. [PMID: 29443909 PMCID: PMC6017733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent class III histone deacetylases, which have been linked to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including HIV, metabolic disorders, neurodegeneration and cancer. Docking of the virtual pan-African natural products library (p-ANAPL), followed by in vitro testing, resulted in the identification of two inhibitors of sirtuin 1, 2 and 3 (sirt1–3). Two bichalcones, known as rhuschalcone IV (8) and an analogue of rhuschalcone I (9), previously isolated from the medicinal plant Rhus pyroides, were shown to be active in the in vitro assay. The rhuschalcone I analogue (9) showed the best activity against sirt1, with an IC50 value of 40.8 µM. Based on the docking experiments, suggestions for improving the biological activities of the newly identified hit compounds have been provided.
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13
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Rochette L, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Redox Functions of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Biliverdin Reductase in Diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:74-85. [PMID: 29249571 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In patients with diabetes, the hyperglycemia-driven excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces oxidative stress (OS) in a variety of tissues. OS is closely associated with chronic inflammation and has a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular complications. The enzymes that generate ROS and gasotransmitters are redox regulated and are implicated in cellular signaling. As a result of cellular metabolism, cells produce significant amounts of carbon monoxide (CO), mainly from heme degradation catalyzed by heme oxygenases (HOs). These reactions also generate biliverdin, bilirubin (BR), and iron. The conversion of biliverdin to BR is catalyzed by biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A). In this review, we focus on the importance of the HO-1/CO system and BVR in the pathophysiology and therapy of inflammation associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Research team Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2, EA7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France.
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Research team Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2, EA7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Research team Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2, EA7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France; Cardiology Unit, CHU 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Research team Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2, EA7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
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Sundriyal S, Moniot S, Mahmud Z, Yao S, Di Fruscia P, Reynolds CR, Dexter DT, Sternberg MJE, Lam EWF, Steegborn C, Fuchter MJ. Thienopyrimidinone Based Sirtuin-2 (SIRT2)-Selective Inhibitors Bind in the Ligand Induced Selectivity Pocket. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1928-1945. [PMID: 28135086 PMCID: PMC6014686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD-dependent deacylases, known to be involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes and thus remain promising therapeutic targets for further validation. Previously, we reported a novel thienopyrimidinone SIRT2 inhibitor with good potency and excellent selectivity for SIRT2. Herein, we report an extensive SAR study of this chemical series and identify the key pharmacophoric elements and physiochemical properties that underpin the excellent activity observed. New analogues have been identified with submicromolar SIRT2 inhibtory activity and good to excellent SIRT2 subtype-selectivity. Importantly, we report a cocrystal structure of one of our compounds (29c) bound to SIRT2. This reveals our series to induce the formation of a previously reported selectivity pocket but to bind in an inverted fashion to what might be intuitively expected. We believe these findings will contribute significantly to an understanding of the mechanism of action of SIRT2 inhibitors and to the identification of refined, second generation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sundriyal
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Sébastien Moniot
- Department of Biochemistry, University
of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Shang Yao
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Paolo Di Fruscia
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | | | - David T. Dexter
- Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration,
Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College
London, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | | | - Eric W.-F. Lam
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University
of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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15
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16
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Lo Iacono L, Visco-Comandini F, Valzania A, Viscomi MT, Coviello M, Giampà A, Roscini L, Bisicchia E, Siracusano A, Troisi A, Puglisi-Allegra S, Carola V. Adversity in childhood and depression: linked through SIRT1. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e629. [PMID: 26327687 PMCID: PMC5068813 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiencing an adverse childhood and parental neglect is a risk factor for depression in the adult population. Patients with a history of traumatic childhood develop a subtype of depression that is characterized by earlier onset, poor treatment response and more severe symptoms. The long-lasting molecular mechanisms that are engaged during early traumatic events and determine the risk for depression are poorly understood. In this study, we altered adult depression-like behavior in mice by applying juvenile isolation stress. We found that this behavioral phenotype was associated with a reduction in the levels of the deacetylase sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in the brain and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Notably, peripheral blood mRNA expression of SIRT1 predicted the extent of behavioral despair only when depression-like behavior was induced by juvenile--but not adult--stress, implicating SIRT1 in the regulation of adult behavior at early ages. Consistent with this hypothesis, pharmacological modulation of SIRT1 during juvenile age altered the depression-like behavior in naive mice. We also performed a pilot study in humans, in which the blood levels of SIRT1 correlated significantly with the severity of symptoms in major depression patients, especially in those who received less parental care during childhood. On the basis of these novel findings, we propose the involvement of SIRT1 in the long-term consequences of adverse childhood experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lo Iacono
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - F Visco-Comandini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza,' Rome, Italy
| | - A Valzania
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - M T Viscomi
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - M Coviello
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A Giampà
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - L Roscini
- Department of Psychology and ‘Daniel Bovet' Center, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza,' Rome, Italy
| | - E Bisicchia
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - A Siracusano
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A Troisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - S Puglisi-Allegra
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy,Department of Psychology and ‘Daniel Bovet' Center, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza,' Rome, Italy
| | - V Carola
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy,Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Fosso del Fiorano 63, Rome 00143, Italy. E-mail:
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17
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Engler A, Tange C, Frank-Bertoncelj M, Gay RE, Gay S, Ospelt C. Regulation and function of SIRT1 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:173-82. [PMID: 26298564 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of synovial joints. The function of sirtuin (SIRT)1 in RA is inconclusive. In human synovial cells, SIRT1 was shown to promote cytokine production and apoptosis resistance. However, deletion of SIRT1 aggravated inflammatory arthritis in mice and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in murine macrophages. In the current study, we investigated the regulation, expression, and function of SIRT1 in RA, in particular its role in adhesion and proliferation of human RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF). We found that expression of SIRT1 was increased in vivo in synovial tissues of RA smokers and in vitro by stimulation of RASF with TNFα, but decreased upon treatment with cigarette smoke extract. Synovial tissues of RA smokers showed higher leukocytic infiltration that positively correlated with enhanced levels of SIRT1. Global transcriptome analysis revealed that SIRT1 modulates expression of genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory response and cell adhesion. In functional studies, silencing of SIRT1 reduced proliferation and leukocytic adhesion to RASF but showed inconsistent results in the regulation of adhesion to plastic. In conclusion, SIRT1 modulates the proliferative and potentially also adhesive properties of RASF and can therefore promote progression of RA. KEY MESSAGES SIRT1 is upregulated by TNFα but decreased upon CSE treatment of RASF. Upregulation of SIRT1 in RA smokers correlates with increased leukocytic infiltration. SIRT1 modulates expression of genes regulating cell adhesion and inflammation. SIRT1 regulates proliferation of RASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Engler
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Bio-Technopark Schlieren, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 25, 8091 Zurich and Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clare Tange
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Bio-Technopark Schlieren, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 25, 8091 Zurich and Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Mojca Frank-Bertoncelj
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Bio-Technopark Schlieren, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 25, 8091 Zurich and Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Renate E Gay
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Bio-Technopark Schlieren, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 25, 8091 Zurich and Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Gay
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Bio-Technopark Schlieren, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 25, 8091 Zurich and Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Ospelt
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Bio-Technopark Schlieren, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 25, 8091 Zurich and Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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18
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Sottero B, Gargiulo S, Russo I, Barale C, Poli G, Cavalot F. Postprandial Dysmetabolism and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:968-1031. [PMID: 25943420 DOI: 10.1002/med.21349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial dysmetabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known to impact the progression and evolution of this complex disease process. However, the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms still require full elucidation to provide guidance for disease prevention and treatment. This review focuses on the marked redox changes and inflammatory stimuli provoked by the spike in blood glucose and lipids in T2D individuals after meals. All the causes of exacerbated postprandial oxidative stress in T2D were analyzed, also considering the consequence of enhanced inflammation on vascular damage. Based on this in-depth analysis, current strategies of prevention and pharmacologic management of T2D were critically reexamined with particular emphasis on their potential redox-related rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sottero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Simona Gargiulo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Isabella Russo
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Cristina Barale
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Franco Cavalot
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
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19
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Ostan R, Lanzarini C, Pini E, Scurti M, Vianello D, Bertarelli C, Fabbri C, Izzi M, Palmas G, Biondi F, Martucci M, Bellavista E, Salvioli S, Capri M, Franceschi C, Santoro A. Inflammaging and cancer: a challenge for the Mediterranean diet. Nutrients 2015; 7:2589-621. [PMID: 25859884 PMCID: PMC4425163 DOI: 10.3390/nu7042589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered the major risk factor for cancer, one of the most important mortality causes in the western world. Inflammaging, a state of chronic, low-level systemic inflammation, is a pervasive feature of human aging. Chronic inflammation increases cancer risk and affects all cancer stages, triggering the initial genetic mutation or epigenetic mechanism, promoting cancer initiation, progression and metastatic diffusion. Thus, inflammaging is a strong candidate to connect age and cancer. A corollary of this hypothesis is that interventions aiming to decrease inflammaging should protect against cancer, as well as most/all age-related diseases. Epidemiological data are concordant in suggesting that the Mediterranean Diet (MD) decreases the risk of a variety of cancers but the underpinning mechanism(s) is (are) still unclear. Here we review data indicating that the MD (as a whole diet or single bioactive nutrients typical of the MD) modulates multiple interconnected processes involved in carcinogenesis and inflammatory response such as free radical production, NF-κB activation and expression of inflammatory mediators, and the eicosanoids pathway. Particular attention is devoted to the capability of MD to affect the balance between pro- and anti-inflammaging as well as to emerging topics such as maintenance of gut microbiota (GM) homeostasis and epigenetic modulation of oncogenesis through specific microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ostan
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Catia Lanzarini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisa Pini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Scurti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Dario Vianello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Claudia Bertarelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Cristina Fabbri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Izzi
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giustina Palmas
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fiammetta Biondi
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Morena Martucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elena Bellavista
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani" (CIG) University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy.
- National Research Council of Italy, CNR, Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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20
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Resveratrol alleviates vascular inflammatory injury by inhibiting inflammasome activation in rats with hypercholesterolemia and vitamin D2 treatment. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:321-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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21
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Rochette L, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Diabetes, oxidative stress and therapeutic strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2709-29. [PMID: 24905298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes has emerged as a major threat to health worldwide. SCOPE OF REVIEW The exact mechanisms underlying the disease are unknown; however, there is growing evidence that excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), largely due to hyperglycemia, causes oxidative stress in a variety of tissues. Oxidative stress results from either an increase in free radical production, or a decrease in endogenous antioxidant defenses, or both. ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are products of cellular metabolism and are well recognized for their dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. In type 2 diabetic patients, oxidative stress is closely associated with chronic inflammation. Multiple signaling pathways contribute to the adverse effects of glucotoxicity on cellular functions. There are many endogenous factors (antioxidants, vitamins, antioxidant enzymes, metal ion chelators) that can serve as endogenous modulators of the production and action of ROS. Clinical trials that investigated the effect of antioxidant vitamins on the progression of diabetic complications gave negative or inconclusive results. This lack of efficacy might also result from the fact that they were administered at a time when irreversible alterations in the redox status are already under way. Another strategy to modulate oxidative stress is to exploit the pleiotropic properties of drugs directed primarily at other targets and thus acting as indirect antioxidants. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS It appears important to develop new compounds that target key vascular ROS producing enzymes and mimic endogenous antioxidants. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This strategy might prove clinically relevant in preventing the development and/or retarding the progression of diabetes associated with vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France.
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
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22
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Garcia-Bonilla L, Benakis C, Moore J, Iadecola C, Anrather J. Immune mechanisms in cerebral ischemic tolerance. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:44. [PMID: 24624056 PMCID: PMC3940969 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressor-induced tolerance is a central mechanism in the response of bacteria, plants, and animals to potentially harmful environmental challenges. This response is characterized by immediate changes in cellular metabolism and by the delayed transcriptional activation or inhibition of genetic programs that are not generally stressor specific (cross-tolerance). These programs are aimed at countering the deleterious effects of the stressor. While induction of this response (preconditioning) can be established at the cellular level, activation of systemic networks is essential for the protection to occur throughout the organs of the body. This is best signified by the phenomenon of remote ischemic preconditioning, whereby application of ischemic stress to one tissue or organ induces ischemic tolerance (IT) in remote organs through humoral, cellular and neural signaling. The immune system is an essential component in cerebral IT acting simultaneously both as mediator and target. This dichotomy is based on the fact that activation of inflammatory pathways is necessary to establish IT and that IT can be, in part, attributed to a subdued immune activation after index ischemia. Here we describe the components of the immune system required for induction of IT and review the mechanisms by which a reprogrammed immune response contributes to the neuroprotection observed after preconditioning. Learning how local and systemic immune factors participate in endogenous neuroprotection could lead to the development of new stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Garcia-Bonilla
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
| | - Corinne Benakis
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Moore
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
| | - Josef Anrather
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
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23
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Alhazzazi TY, Kamarajan P, Verdin E, Kapila YL. Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Genes Cancer 2013; 4:164-71. [PMID: 24020007 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913486351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7), the mammalian homologs of the silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been a major focus of study in the scientific community this past decade because of their emerging role in cancer biology and other age-related diseases. Emerging functions for this unique family of enzymes include roles in genomic stability, angiogenesis, metabolism, and anoikis. Here, we review recent developments on the role of sirtuins in cancer with a particular focus on SIRT3 and its role in the hallmarks of cancer and as a potential drug target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki Y Alhazzazi
- Division of Oral Biology, Oral Basic and Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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24
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The NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 2 is a suppressor of microglial activation and brain inflammation. EMBO J 2013; 32:2603-16. [PMID: 24013120 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deleterious sustained inflammation mediated by activated microglia is common to most of neurologic disorders. Here, we identified sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), an abundant deacetylase in the brain, as a major inhibitor of microglia-mediated inflammation and neurotoxicity. SIRT2-deficient mice (SIRT2(-/-)) showed morphological changes in microglia and an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines upon intracortical injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This response was associated with increased nitrotyrosination and neuronal cell death. Interestingly, manipulation of SIRT2 levels in microglia determined the response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. SIRT2 overexpression inhibited microglia activation in a process dependent on serine 331 (S331) phosphorylation. Conversely, reduction of SIRT2 in microglia dramatically increased the expression of inflammatory markers, the production of free radicals, and neurotoxicity. Consistent with increased NF-κB-dependent transcription of inflammatory genes, NF-κB was found hyperacetylated in the absence of SIRT2, and became hypoacetylated in the presence of S331A mutant SIRT2. This finding indicates that SIRT2 functions as a 'gatekeeper', preventing excessive microglial activation through NF-κB deacetylation. Our data uncover a novel role for SIRT2 opening new perspectives for therapeutic intervention in neuroinflammatory disorders.
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25
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The sirtuin inhibitor cambinol impairs MAPK signaling, inhibits inflammatory and innate immune responses and protects from septic shock. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1498-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Ramos-Nino ME. The role of chronic inflammation in obesity-associated cancers. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2013; 2013:697521. [PMID: 23819063 PMCID: PMC3683483 DOI: 10.1155/2013/697521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong relationship between metabolism and immunity, which can become deleterious under conditions of metabolic stress. Obesity, considered a chronic inflammatory disease, is one example of this link. Chronic inflammation is increasingly being recognized as an etiology in several cancers, particularly those of epithelial origin, and therefore a potential link between obesity and cancer. In this review, the connection between the different factors that can lead to the chronic inflammatory state in the obese individual, as well as their effect in tumorigenesis, is addressed. Furthermore, the association between obesity, inflammation, and esophageal, liver, colon, postmenopausal breast, and endometrial cancers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Ramos-Nino
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Savini I, Catani MV, Evangelista D, Gasperi V, Avigliano L. Obesity-associated oxidative stress: strategies finalized to improve redox state. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10497-538. [PMID: 23698776 PMCID: PMC3676851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a major risk factor for a plethora of severe diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. It is often accompanied by an increased risk of mortality and, in the case of non-fatal health problems, the quality of life is impaired because of associated conditions, including sleep apnea, respiratory problems, osteoarthritis, and infertility. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress may be the mechanistic link between obesity and related complications. In obese patients, antioxidant defenses are lower than normal weight counterparts and their levels inversely correlate with central adiposity; obesity is also characterized by enhanced levels of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. Inadequacy of antioxidant defenses probably relies on different factors: obese individuals may have a lower intake of antioxidant- and phytochemical-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and legumes; otherwise, consumption of antioxidant nutrients is normal, but obese individuals may have an increased utilization of these molecules, likewise to that reported in diabetic patients and smokers. Also inadequate physical activity may account for a decreased antioxidant state. In this review, we describe current concepts in the meaning of obesity as a state of chronic oxidative stress and the potential interventions to improve redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Savini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Kok SH, Lin LD, Hou KL, Hong CY, Chang CC, Hsiao M, Wang JH, Lai EHH, Lin SK. Simvastatin inhibits cysteine-rich protein 61 expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts through the regulation of sirtuin-1/FoxO3a signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:639-49. [PMID: 23239110 DOI: 10.1002/art.37807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1)/FoxO3a in the expression of cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR-61) in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) and the influence of simvastatin on this pathway, and to determine the relationship between disease progression and FoxO3a/CYR-61 signaling in synovial fibroblasts in vivo using a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). METHODS In RASFs, the expression of CYR-61 and SIRT-1, the localization of FoxO3a in the nucleus/cytoplasm, and the phosphorylation/acetylation of FoxO3a were examined by Western blotting. Secretion of CCL20 was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Promoter activity of the Cyr61 gene was evaluated by luciferase assay, with or without forced expression of FoxO3a and SIRT-1 by lentiviral transduction. FoxO3a-Cyr61 promoter interaction was examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. In rats with CIA, the expression of CYR-61 and phosphorylated FoxO3a in synovial fibroblasts was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In RASFs, simvastatin suppressed the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced production of CYR-61 and CCL20. Nuclear levels of FoxO3a were decreased after TNFα stimulation of RASFs, and forced expression of FoxO3a reversed the inductive effects of TNFα on CYR-61. Simvastatin inhibited the nuclear export, phosphorylation, and acetylation of FoxO3a and maintained its binding to the Cyr61 promoter. Forced expression of SIRT-1 in RASFs led to decreased levels of CYR-61 and deacetylation of FoxO3a. Following treatment with simvastatin, the expression of SIRT-1 was up-regulated and SIRT-1/FoxO3a binding was enhanced in RASFs. In rats with CIA, intraarticular injection of simvastatin alleviated arthritis and suppressed CYR-61 expression and FoxO3a phosphorylation in synovial fibroblasts. CONCLUSION CYR-61 is important in the pathogenesis of RA, and SIRT-1/FoxO3a signaling is crucial to induction of CYR-61 in RASFs. Simvastatin plays a beneficial role in inflammatory arthritis through its up-regulation of SIRT-1/FoxO3a signaling in synovial fibroblasts. Continued study of the pathways linking sirtuins, FoxO proteins, and the inflammatory responses of RASFs may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Heng Kok
- National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lema Tomé CM, Tyson T, Rey NL, Grathwohl S, Britschgi M, Brundin P. Inflammation and α-synuclein's prion-like behavior in Parkinson's disease--is there a link? Mol Neurobiol 2013; 47:561-74. [PMID: 22544647 PMCID: PMC3589652 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease patients exhibit progressive spreading of aggregated α-synuclein in the nervous system. This slow process follows a specific pattern in an inflamed tissue environment. Recent research suggests that prion-like mechanisms contribute to the propagation of α-synuclein pathology. Little is known about factors that might affect the prion-like behavior of misfolded α-synuclein. In this review, we suggest that neuroinflammation plays an important role. We discuss causes of inflammation in the olfactory bulb and gastrointestinal tract and how this may promote the initial misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein, which might set in motion events that lead to Parkinson's disease neuropathology. We propose that neuroinflammation promotes the prion-like behavior of α-synuclein and that novel anti-inflammatory therapies targeting this mechanism could slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. Lema Tomé
- Neuronal Survival Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC B11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Trevor Tyson
- Neuronal Survival Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC B11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nolwen L. Rey
- Neuronal Survival Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC B11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Grathwohl
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, DTA CNS, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, 4070 Switzerland
| | - Markus Britschgi
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, DTA CNS, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel, 4070 Switzerland
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Neuronal Survival Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC B11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Avenue NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
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Pandey G, Pandey AK. Nutrition research perspectives in immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.injr.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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31
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Zhang XM, Jing YP, Jia MY, Zhang L. Negative transcriptional regulation of inflammatory genes by group B3 vitamin nicotinamide. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:10367-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rice CM, Sun M, Kemp K, Gray E, Wilkins A, Scolding NJ. Mitochondrial sirtuins - a new therapeutic target for repair and protection in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 35:1887-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a dynamic and reversible process that establishes normal cellular phenotypes but also contributes to human diseases. At the molecular level, epigenetic regulation involves hierarchical covalent modification of DNA and the proteins that package DNA, such as histones. Here, we review the key protein families that mediate epigenetic signalling through the acetylation and methylation of histones, including histone deacetylases, protein methyltransferases, lysine demethylases, bromodomain-containing proteins and proteins that bind to methylated histones. These protein families are emerging as druggable classes of enzymes and druggable classes of protein-protein interaction domains. In this article, we discuss the known links with disease, basic molecular mechanisms of action and recent progress in the pharmacological modulation of each class of proteins.
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D'Aquila P, Rose G, Panno ML, Passarino G, Bellizzi D. SIRT3 gene expression: a link between inherited mitochondrial DNA variants and oxidative stress. Gene 2012; 497:323-9. [PMID: 22326535 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes are activated to preserve cellular homeostasis, especially in the event of stress. Using cybrid cell lines, we investigated whether inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants modulate the expression profiles of mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7) under oxidative stress conditions. We found that the expression of the SIRT3 gene was down-regulated in cybrids harboring mtDNA of the J haplogroup, which correlated with mitochondrial function, resulting in a decline of NAD(+)/NADH and ATP levels. Overall, the data reported here highlight a link between SIRT3, mitochondrial DNA variability and mitochondrial functionality, three fundamental components of the cellular stress response.
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35
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2012; 24:109-14. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32834f4ea3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Iavicoli I, Di Paola R, Koverech A, Cuzzocrea S, Rizzarelli E, Calabrese EJ. Cellular stress responses, hormetic phytochemicals and vitagenes in aging and longevity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1822:753-83. [PMID: 22108204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of endogenous cellular defense mechanisms represents an innovative approach to therapeutic intervention in diseases causing chronic tissue damage, such as in neurodegeneration. This paper introduces the emerging role of exogenous molecules in hormetic-based neuroprotection and the mitochondrial redox signaling concept of hormesis and its applications to the field of neuroprotection and longevity. Maintenance of optimal long-term health conditions is accomplished by a complex network of longevity assurance processes that are controlled by vitagenes, a group of genes involved in preserving cellular homeostasis during stressful conditions. Vitagenes encode for heat shock proteins (Hsp) Hsp32, Hsp70, the thioredoxin and the sirtuin protein systems. Dietary antioxidants, such as polyphenols and L-carnitine/acetyl-L-carnitine, have recently been demonstrated to be neuroprotective through the activation of hormetic pathways, including vitagenes. Hormesis provides the central underpinning of neuroprotective responses, providing a framework for explaining the common quantitative features of their dose response relationships, their mechanistic foundations, their relationship to the concept of biological plasticity as well as providing a key insight for improving the accuracy of the therapeutic dose of pharmaceutical agents within the highly heterogeneous human population. This paper describes in mechanistic detail how hormetic dose responses are mediated for endogenous cellular defense pathways including sirtuin, Nrfs and related pathways that integrate adaptive stress responses in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antioxidants and Antioxidant Treatment in Disease.
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Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Cuzzocrea S, Iavicoli I, Rizzarelli E, Calabrese EJ. Hormesis, cellular stress response and vitagenes as critical determinants in aging and longevity. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 32:279-304. [PMID: 22020114 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms of aging and determinants of life span will help to reduce age-related morbidity and facilitate healthy aging. Average lifespan has increased over the last centuries, as a consequence of medical and environmental factors, but maximal life span remains unchanged. Extension of maximal life span is currently possible in animal models with measures such as genetic manipulations and caloric restriction (CR). CR appears to prolong life by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage. But ROS formation, which is positively implicated in cellular stress response mechanisms, is a highly regulated process controlled by a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways. By sensing the intracellular nutrient and energy status, the functional state of mitochondria, and the concentration of ROS produced in mitochondria, the longevity network regulates life span across species by co-ordinating information flow along its convergent, divergent and multiply branched signaling pathways, including vitagenes which are genes involved in preserving cellular homeostasis during stressful conditions. Vitagenes encode for heat shock proteins (Hsp) Hsp32, Hsp70, the thioredoxin and the sirtuin protein systems. Dietary antioxidants, such as carnosine, carnitines or polyphenols, have recently been demonstrated to be neuroprotective through the activation of hormetic pathways, including vitagenes. The hormetic dose-response, challenges long-standing beliefs about the nature of the dose-response in a lowdose zone, having the potential to affect significantly the design of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials as well as strategies for optimal patient dosing in the treatment of numerous diseases. Given the broad cytoprotective properties of the heat shock response there is now strong interest in discovering and developing pharmacological agents capable of inducing stress responses. In this review we discuss the most current and up to date understanding of the possible signaling mechanisms by which caloric restriction, as well hormetic caloric restriction-mimetics compounds by activating vitagenes can enhance defensive systems involved in bioenergetic and stress resistance homeostasis with consequent impact on longevity processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy.
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Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of nicotinamide and its isomers in different experimental models. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 99:782-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Orecchia A, Scarponi C, Di Felice F, Cesarini E, Avitabile S, Mai A, Mauro ML, Sirri V, Zambruno G, Albanesi C, Camilloni G, Failla CM. Sirtinol treatment reduces inflammation in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24307. [PMID: 21931678 PMCID: PMC3171404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are key enzymes in the epigenetic control of gene expression. Recently, inhibitors of class I and class II HDAC have been successfully employed for the treatment of different inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, airway inflammation and asthma. So far, little is known so far about a similar therapeutic effect of inhibitors specifically directed against sirtuins, the class III HDAC. In this study, we investigated the expression and localization of endogenous sirtuins in primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC), a cell type playing a key role in the development and maintenance of skin inflammation. We then examined the biological activity of sirtinol, a specific sirtuin inhibitor, in HDMEC response to pro-inflammatory cytokines. We found that, even though sirtinol treatment alone affected only long-term cell proliferation, it diminishes HDMEC inflammatory responses to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-1β. In fact, sirtinol significantly reduced membrane expression of adhesion molecules in TNFã- or IL-1β-stimulated cells, as well as the amount of CXCL10 and CCL2 released by HDMEC following TNFα treatment. Notably, sirtinol drastically decreased monocyte adhesion on activated HDMEC. Using selective inhibitors for Sirt1 and Sirt2, we showed a predominant involvement of Sirt1 inhibition in the modulation of adhesion molecule expression and monocyte adhesion on activated HDMEC. Finally, we demonstrated the in vivo expression of Sirt1 in the dermal vessels of normal and psoriatic skin. Altogether, these findings indicated that sirtuins may represent a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases characterized by a prominent microvessel involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Orecchia
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Cesarini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘C. Darwin’, University di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, University di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Mauro
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘C. Darwin’, University di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sirri
- RNA Biology, FRE3402 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Giorgio Camilloni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘C. Darwin’, University di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, CNR, Rome, Italy
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40
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Abstract
Metabolic changes after surgery, trauma, or serious illness have a complex pathophysiology. The early posttraumatic stress response is physiologic and associated with a state of hyperinflammation, increased oxygen consumption, and increased energy expenditure. These are part of a systemic reaction that encompasses a wide range of endocrinological, immunologic, and hematological effects. Surgery initiates changes in metabolism that can affect virtually all organs and tissues; the metabolic response results in hormone-mediated mobilization of endogenous substrates that leads to stress catabolism. Hypercatabolism has been associated with severe complications related to hyperglycemia, hypoproteinemia, and immunosuppression. Proper metabolic support is essential to restore homeostasis and ensure survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L Blackburn
- Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Feldberg 880 East Campus, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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