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Kim JY, Jee HG, Kim JY, Yong TS, Jeon SH. NF-κB p65 and TCF-4 interactions are associated with LPS-stimulated IL-6 secretion of macrophages. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101659. [PMID: 38352245 PMCID: PMC10859262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokine plays a central role in host defense and acute inflammatory responses. Both positive and negative correlations of NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways have been reported depending on cell types in response to inflammatory stimuli for IL-6 cytokine production. Macrophages are vital to the regulation of immune responses and the development of inflammation, but the crosstalk between two pathways has not been elucidated so far in macrophages. We observed a positive cross-regulation between the NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways for IL-6 production in human macrophages. To verify the functional validity of this interaction, LY294002 or PNU74654, representative blockers of each pathway, were treated. IL-6 secretion was reduced to the basal level by both inhibitor treatments, even when stimulated by LPS. We also found that NF-κB p65 migrated to the nucleus and interacted with the transcription factor TCF-4 in macrophages upon LPS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Youn Kim
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gun Jee
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Ju Yeong Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Tai-Soon Yong
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Soung-Hoo Jeon
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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Sun Q, Li X, Kuang E. Subversion of autophagy machinery and organelle-specific autophagy by SARS-CoV-2 and coronaviruses. Autophagy 2023; 19:1055-1069. [PMID: 36005882 PMCID: PMC10012907 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2116677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new emerging severe coronavirus, the knowledge on the SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 remains very limited, whereas many concepts can be learned from the homologous coronaviruses. Macroautophagy/autophagy is finely regulated by SARS-CoV-2 infection and plays important roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis. This review will explore the subversion and mechanism of the autophagy-related machinery, vacuoles and organelle-specific autophagy during infection of SARS-CoV-2 and coronaviruses to provide meaningful insights into the autophagy-related therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases of SARS-CoV-2 and coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Sun
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- College of Clinic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ersheng Kuang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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3
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Jędrzejewski T, Sobocińska J, Pawlikowska M, Dzialuk A, Wrotek S. Dual Effect of the Extract from the Fungus Coriolus versicolor on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokine Production in RAW 264.7 Macrophages Depending on the Lipopolysaccharide Concentration. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3599-3611. [PMID: 35757459 PMCID: PMC9231549 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s364945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Extract from the fungus Coriolus versicolor (CV) is classified as an immunological response modifier. Previously, we have shown that this extract induces interleukin 6 (IL-6)-related extension of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever. This study investigated the effect of CV extract on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of components of signal transduction pathways leading to the secretion of cytokines from RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with different doses of LPS. Methods RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with CV extract alone or co-treated with CV extract and LPS. The level of IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the culture media was measured using ELISA. Protein expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, phosphorylated IκB (p-IκB), CD14 glycoprotein and phospho-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K) was evaluated using Western blot. The effects of TLR4, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and p-PI3K on cytokine secretion were estimated using inhibitors: TAK-242, JSH-23 and LY294002. Results CV extract itself stimulates the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α and increases the expression of TLR4, p-IκB and p-PI3K. The presence of CV extract during the treatment of cells with lower concentrations of LPS (10 and 100 ng/mL) increases the cytokine production. Co-stimulation of cells with CV extract and LPS at a higher dose (500 ng/mL) decreases the secretion of cytokines. This effect is related to the changes in the expression of TLR4, CD14 glycoprotein, p-IκB and p-PI3K. Conclusion This is the first report showing that the CV extract-induced production of cytokines is mediated by the PI3K signalling pathway. This extract acts antagonistically or additively with LPS on the production of IL-6 and TNF-α, depending on the LPS concentration. Our results are helpful for illustrating the mechanisms for the immunostimulatory effect of CV extract in inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Justyna Sobocińska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pawlikowska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Artur Dzialuk
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, 85-090, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wrotek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, 87-100, Poland
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4
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Cysteine Peptidase Cathepsin X as a Therapeutic Target for Simultaneous TLR3/4-mediated Microglia Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2258-2276. [PMID: 35066760 PMCID: PMC9016010 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are resident macrophages in the central nervous system that are involved in immune responses driven by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Microglia-mediated inflammation can lead to central nervous system disorders, and more than one TLR might be involved in these pathological processes. The cysteine peptidase cathepsin X has been recognized as a pathogenic factor for inflammation-induced neurodegeneration. Here, we hypothesized that simultaneous TLR3 and TLR4 activation induces synergized microglia responses and that these phenotype changes affect cathepsin X expression and activity. Murine microglia BV2 cells and primary murine microglia were exposed to the TLR3 ligand polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) and the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS), individually and simultaneously. TLR3 and TLR4 co-activation resulted in increased inflammatory responses compared to individual TLR activation, where poly(I:C) and LPS induced distinct patterns of proinflammatory factors together with different patterns of cathepsin X expression and activity. TLR co-activation decreased intracellular cathepsin X activity and increased cathepsin X localization at the plasma membrane with concomitant increased extracellular cathepsin X protein levels and activity. Inhibition of cathepsin X in BV2 cells by AMS36, cathepsin X inhibitor, significantly reduced the poly(I:C)- and LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines as well as apoptosis. Additionally, inhibiting the TLR3 and TLR4 common signaling pathway, PI3K, with LY294002 reduced the inflammatory responses of the poly(I:C)- and LPS-activated microglia and recovered cathepsin X activity. We here provide evidence that microglial cathepsin X strengthens microglia activation and leads to subsequent inflammation-induced neurodegeneration. As such, cathepsin X represents a therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative diseases related to excess inflammation.
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Han HG, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Im E, Park JE, Park WY, Kim SY, Khil JH, Shim BS, Kim SH. Suppression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1/serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase pathway. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4547-4554. [PMID: 34132431 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the pivotal roles of serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (SGK1) and NF-kB related signalings known as prognostic biomarkers in cervical cancers were explored in the antitumor effect of a ginseng saponin metabolite compound K (CK) in HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cells. CK exerted significant cytotoxicity, induced sub-G1 accumulation, and attenuated the expression of proPoly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (pro-PARP) and Pro-cysteine aspartyl-specific protease (pro-caspase3) in HeLa cells more than in SiHa cells. CK inhibited phosphorylation of SGK1 and its upstream genes, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) in HeLa cells. In addition, CK suppressed the phosphorylation of SGK1, NF-κB, and inhibitor of kappa B (IκB) and also NF-κB target genes such as X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in HeLa cells. Notably, Immunoprecipitation revealed that SGK1 binds to PI3K or PDK1 and also CK disturbed the binding between SGK1 and PI3K or PDK1 in HeLa cells. Furthermore, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 decreased expression of PI3K, p-PDK1, p-SGK1, and pro-caspase3 and SGK1 inhibitor GSK650394 also reduced expression of NF-κB and pro-caspase3 just like CK in HeLa cells. Overall, these findings suggest that CK induces apoptosis via suppression of PI3K/PDK1/SGK1 and NF-κB signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Gyu Han
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woon Yi Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Young Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Khil
- Institute of Sports Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kang CM, Mo S, Jeon M, Jung UW, Shin Y, Shin JS, Shin BY, Lee SK, Choi HJ, Song JS. Intranuclear Delivery of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B p65 in a Rat Model of Tooth Replantation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041987. [PMID: 33671455 PMCID: PMC7922502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
After avulsion and replantation, teeth are at risk of bone and root resorption. The present study aimed to demonstrate that the intra-nuclear transducible form of transcription modulation domain of p65 (nt-p65-TMD) can suppress osteoclast differentiation in vitro, and reduce bone resorption in a rat model of tooth replantation. Cell viability and nitric oxide release were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells using CCK-8 assay and Griess reaction kit. Osteoclast differentiation was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Thirty-two maxillary rat molars were extracted and stored in saline (n = 10) or 10 µM nt-p65-TMD solution (n = 22) before replantation. After 4 weeks, specimens were scored according to the inflammatory pattern using micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging and histological analyses. nt-p65-TMD treatment resulted in significant reduction of nitric oxide release and osteoclast differentiation as studied using PCR and TRAP staining. Further, micro-CT analysis revealed a significant decrease in bone resorption in the nt-p65-TMD treatment group (p < 0.05). Histological analysis of nt-p65-TMD treatment group showed that not only bone and root resorption, but also inflammation of the periodontal ligament and epithelial insertion was significantly reduced. These findings suggest that nt-p65-TMD has the unique capabilities of regulating bone remodeling after tooth replantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Min Kang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (C.-M.K.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
- Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Seunghan Mo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (C.-M.K.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Mijeong Jeon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (C.-M.K.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
- Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Yooseok Shin
- Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jin-Su Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-S.S.); (B.-Y.S.); (S.-K.L.)
| | - Bo-Young Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-S.S.); (B.-Y.S.); (S.-K.L.)
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-S.S.); (B.-Y.S.); (S.-K.L.)
| | - Hyung-Jun Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (C.-M.K.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
- Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-J.C.); (J.S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-3175 (H.-J.C.); +82-2-2228-3170 (J.S.S.); Fax: +82-2 365-7420 (H.-J.C.); +82-2 365-7420 (J.S.S.)
| | - Je Seon Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (C.-M.K.); (S.M.); (M.J.)
- Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-J.C.); (J.S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-3175 (H.-J.C.); +82-2-2228-3170 (J.S.S.); Fax: +82-2 365-7420 (H.-J.C.); +82-2 365-7420 (J.S.S.)
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7
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Xu W, Dielubanza E, Maisel A, Leung K, Mustoe T, Hong S, Galiano R. Staphylococcus aureus impairs cutaneous wound healing by activating the expression of a gap junction protein, connexin-43 in keratinocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:935-947. [PMID: 32409862 PMCID: PMC11072219 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds have been considered as major medical problems that may result in expensive healthcare. One of the common causes of chronic wounds is bacterial contamination that leads to persistent inflammation and unbalanced host cell immune responses. Among the bacterial strains that have been identified from chronic wounds, Staphylococcus aureus is the most common strain. We previously observed that S. aureus impaired mouse cutaneous wound healing by delaying re-epithelialization. Here, we investigated the mechanism of delayed re-epithelialization caused by S. aureus infection. With the presence of S. aureus exudate, the migration of in vitro cultured human keratinocytes was significantly inhibited and connexin-43 (Cx43) was upregulated. Inhibition of keratinocyte migration by S. aureus exudate disappeared in keratinocytes where the expression of Cx43 knocked down. Protein kinase phosphorylation array showed that phosphorylation of Akt-S473 was upregulated by S. aureus exudate. In vivo study of Cx43 in S. aureus-infected murine splinted cutaneous wound model showed upregulation of Cx43 in the migrating epithelial edge by S. aureus infection. Treatment with a PI3K/Akt inhibitor reduced Cx43 expression and overcame the wound closure impairment by S. aureus infection in the mouse model. This may contribute to the development of treatment to bacterium-infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA.
| | - Elodi Dielubanza
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Amanda Maisel
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Kai Leung
- Division of Combat Wound Repair, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JB Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Thomas Mustoe
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Seok Hong
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Robert Galiano
- Laboratory for Wound Repair and Regenerative Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Bose D, Banerjee S, Singh RK, Wise LM, Robertson ES. Vascular endothelial growth factor encoded by Parapoxviruses can regulate metabolism and survival of triple negative breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:996. [PMID: 33219203 PMCID: PMC7679371 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysbiotic microbiomes are linked to many pathological outcomes including different metabolic disorders like diabetes, atherosclerosis and even cancer. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer associated death in women, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type with major challenges for intervention. Previous reports suggested that Parapoxvirus signatures are one of the predominant dysbiotic viral signatures in TNBC. These viruses encode several genes that are homologs of human genes. In this study, we show that the VEGF homolog encoded by Parapoxviruses, can induce cell proliferation, and alter metabolism of breast cancer and normal breast cells, through alteration of MAPK-ERK and PI3K-AKT signaling. In addition, the activity of the transcription factor FoxO1 was altered by viral-encoded VEGF through activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway, leading to reprogramming of cellular metabolic gene expression. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the function of viral-encoded VEGFs, which promoted the growth of the breast cancer cells and imparted proliferative phenotype with altered metabolism in normal breast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipayan Bose
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sagarika Banerjee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rajnish Kumar Singh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lyn M Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Erle S Robertson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Chandra A, Rick J, Yagnik G, Aghi MK. Autophagy as a mechanism for anti-angiogenic therapy resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 66:75-88. [PMID: 31472232 PMCID: PMC7047534 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal-dependent degradation process that is highly conserved and maintains cellular homeostasis by sequestering cytosolic material for degradation either non-specifically by non-selective autophagy, or targeting specific proteins aggregates by selective autophagy. Autophagy serves as a protective mechanism defending the cell from stressors and also plays an important role in enabling tumor cells to overcome harsh conditions arising in their microenvironment during growth as well as oxidative and non-oxidative injuries secondary to therapeutic stressors. Recently, autophagy has been implicated to cause tumor resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy, joining an existing literature implicating autophagy in cancer resistance to conventional DNA damaging chemotherapy and ionizing radiation. In this review, we discuss the role of angiogenesis in malignancy, mechanisms of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy in general, the role of autophagy in driving malignancy, and the current literature in autophagy-mediated anti-angiogenic therapy resistance. Finally, we provide future insight into the current challenges of using autophagy inhibitors in the clinic and provides tips for future studies to focus on to effectively target autophagy in overcoming resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Chandra
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America (USA); School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America (USA).
| | - Jonathan Rick
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America (USA).
| | - Garima Yagnik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America (USA).
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America (USA).
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10
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Xie F, Zhang H, Zheng C, Shen XF. Costunolide improved dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute ulcerative colitis in mice through NF-κB, STAT1/3, and Akt signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106567. [PMID: 32413737 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Costunolide (CTL) is the major sesquiterpene lactone from Radix Aucklandiae, which is widely used on the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. However, the therapeutic effect of costunolide in ulcerative colitis (UC) is still unknown. Herein, we sought to evaluate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of costunolide on UC. ICR mice were intraperitoneally administered with costunolide (10 mg/kg) for 10 days. Beginning on the 4th day of drug administration, acute colitis was induced by feeding 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for additional 7 days. Costunolide markedly attenuated DSS-induced body weight loss, colonic shortening, elevation in disease activity index, and pathological damage of colon, and decreased the number of CD4+ T cells in colon tissues. Furthermore, costunolide significantly inhibited myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and nitric oxide (NO) level in colon tissues in DSS-exposed mice. Meanwhile, costunolide also suppressed DSS-induced expression of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in both mRNA and protein levels. Mechanistically, costunolide repressed the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 and degradation of inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB), as well as the excessive activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1/3 (STAT1/3) and serine/threonine protein kinase Akt (Akt) in colon tissues in DSS-challenged mice. These findings successfully demonstrated that costunolide ameliorated DSS-induced murine acute colitis by suppressing inflammation through inactivation of NF-κB, STAT1/3, and Akt pathways. These results also suggested that costunolide may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiao-Fei Shen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Ernst O, Glucksam-Galnoy Y, Bhatta B, Athamna M, Ben-Dror I, Glick Y, Gerber D, Zor T. Exclusive Temporal Stimulation of IL-10 Expression in LPS-Stimulated Mouse Macrophages by cAMP Inducers and Type I Interferons. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1788. [PMID: 31447835 PMCID: PMC6691811 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the key anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages is mediated by a delayed autocrine/paracrine loop of type I interferons (IFN) to ensure timely attenuation of inflammation. We have previously shown that cAMP synergizes with early IL-10 expression by LPS, but is unable to amplify the late type I IFN-dependent activity. We now examined the mechanism of this synergistic transcription in mouse macrophages at the promoter level, and explored the crosstalk between type I IFN signaling and cAMP, using the β-adrenergic receptor agonist, isoproterenol, as a cAMP inducer. We show that silencing of the type I IFN receptor enables isoproterenol to synergize with LPS also at the late phase, implying that autocrine type I IFN activity hinders synergistic augmentation of LPS-stimulated IL-10 expression by cAMP at the late phase. Furthermore, IL-10 expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages is exclusively stimulated by either IFNα or isoproterenol. We identified a set of two proximate and inter-dependent cAMP response element (CRE) sites that cooperatively regulate early IL-10 transcription in response to isoproterenol-stimulated CREB and that further synergize with a constitutive Sp1 site. At the late phase, up-regulation of Sp1 activity by LPS-stimulated type I IFN is correlated with loss of function of the CRE sites, suggesting a mechanism for the loss of synergism when LPS-stimulated macrophages switch to type I IFN-dependent IL-10 expression. This report delineates the molecular mechanism of cAMP-accelerated IL-10 transcription in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages that can limit inflammation at its onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Ernst
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yifat Glucksam-Galnoy
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bibek Bhatta
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Muhammad Athamna
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kafr Qara, Israel
| | - Iris Ben-Dror
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yair Glick
- The Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Doron Gerber
- The Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tsaffrir Zor
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Tang JY, Xu YH, Lin LC, Ou-Yang F, Wu KH, Tsao LY, Yu TJ, Huang HW, Wang HR, Liu W, Chang HW. LY303511 displays antiproliferation potential against oral cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:958-967. [PMID: 31115172 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
LY303511 was developed as a negative control of LY294002 without pan-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition. We hypothesize LY303511 generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce apoptosis for killing oral cancer cells. In MTS assay, LY303511 dose-responsively decreases survival in three kinds of oral cancer cells but little damage to normal oral cells (HGF-1). Two oral cancer cells (CAL 27 and SCC-9) with highly sensitivity to LY303511 were used. In 7-aminoactinomycin D (7AAD) assay, LY303511 slightly increases subG1 population in oral cancer cells. In annexin V/7AAD and/or pancaspase assays, LY303511 induces apoptosis in oral cancer cells but HGF-1 cells remains in basal level. In oxidative stress, LY303511 induces ROS and mitochondrial superoxide in oral cancer cells. In 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine assay, LY303511 induces oxidative DNA damage in oral cancer cells. In zebrafish model, LY303511 inhibits CAL 27-xenografted tumor growth. Therefore, LY303511 displays antiproliferation potential against oral cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Xu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fu Ou-Yang
- Division of Breast Surgery and Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Han Wu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yi Tsao
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hurng-Wern Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ru Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wangta Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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13
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Down-regulation of STIP1 regulate apoptosis and invasion of glioma cells via TRAP1/AKT signaling pathway. Cancer Genet 2019; 237:1-9. [PMID: 31447061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, many studies have confirmed that STIP1 (phosphorylation-induced protein 1) is involved in the development and progression of various tumors. However, its potential role in glioma progression and the underlying mechanisms of glioma development remain unclear. METHODS We analyzed the expression of STIP1 in 35 human glioma tissue specimens of different grades, using 6 normal brain tissues for comparison. We transfected U87 and U251 cell lines with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to downregulate STIP1, and set up a negative control group and a blank group for comparison. The MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation, and cell cycle progression and apoptosis were analyzed through flow cytometry. Transwell experiments were employed to detect the invasion and migration of STIP1-depleted and control U87 and U251 cells and western blotting was used to detect the expression of TRAP1/Akt pathway proteins. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis was used to reveal differences in expression and localization between transplanted tumor specimens of each group. RESULTS We observed a high expression of STIP1 in glioblastoma, MTT assay revealed a decreased cell proliferation rate in the STIP1-downregulated cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed an increased proportion of cells in G1 phase, as well as an increase in apoptosis, upon STIP1 downregulation. Western blotting showed that TRAP1, pAkt, and MMP2 expression was decreased upon STIP1 downregulation. In addition, TRAP1, ki-67, and MMP2 displayed a decreased expression in vivo. CONCLUSIONS STIP1 is highly expressed in glioblastoma compared to normal brain tissues. Downregulation of STIP1 in glioma cells reduces cell proliferation rate and invasion and increases cell apoptosis.
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Zimmerer JM, Liu XL, Blaszczak A, Avila CL, Pham TA, Warren RT, Bumgardner GL. Critical Role of Macrophage FcγR Signaling and Reactive Oxygen Species in Alloantibody-Mediated Hepatocyte Rejection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:3731-3740. [PMID: 30397035 PMCID: PMC6289737 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Humoral alloimmunity negatively impacts both short- and long-term cell and solid organ transplant survival. We previously reported that alloantibody-mediated rejection of transplanted hepatocytes is critically dependent on host macrophages. However, the effector mechanism(s) of macrophage-mediated injury to allogeneic liver parenchymal cells is not known. We hypothesized that macrophage-mediated destruction of allogeneic hepatocytes occurs by cell-cell interactions requiring FcγRs. To examine this, alloantibody-dependent hepatocyte rejection in CD8-depleted wild-type (WT) and Fcγ-chain knockout (KO; lacking all functional FcγR) transplant recipients was evaluated. Alloantibody-mediated hepatocellular allograft rejection was abrogated in recipients lacking FcγR compared with WT recipients. We also investigated anti-FcγRI mAb, anti-FcγRIII mAb, and inhibitors of intracellular signaling (to block phagocytosis, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species [ROS]) in an in vitro alloantibody-dependent, macrophage-mediated hepatocytoxicity assay. Results showed that in vitro alloantibody-dependent, macrophage-mediated hepatocytotoxicity was critically dependent on FcγRs and ROS. The adoptive transfer of WT macrophages into CD8-depleted FcγR-deficient recipients was sufficient to induce alloantibody-mediated rejection, whereas adoptive transfer of macrophages from Fcγ-chain KO mice or ROS-deficient (p47 KO) macrophages was not. These results provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that alloantibody-dependent hepatocellular allograft rejection is mediated by host macrophages through FcγR signaling and ROS cytotoxic effector mechanisms. These results support the investigation of novel immunotherapeutic strategies targeting macrophages, FcγRs, and/or downstream molecules, including ROS, to inhibit humoral immune damage of transplanted hepatocytes and perhaps other cell and solid organ transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Zimmerer
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Xin L Liu
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Alecia Blaszczak
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Christina L Avila
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Thomas A Pham
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Robert T Warren
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Ginny L Bumgardner
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and
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15
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Onorati A, Dyczynski M, Ojha R, Amaravadi RK. Targeting autophagy in cancer. Cancer 2018; 124:3307-3318. [PMID: 29671878 PMCID: PMC6108917 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved, self-degradation system that is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis during stress conditions. Dysregulated autophagy has implications in health and disease. Specifically, in cancer, autophagy plays a dichotomous role by inhibiting tumor initiation but supporting tumor progression. Early results from clinical trials that repurposed hydroxychloroquine for cancer have suggested that autophagy inhibition may be a promising approach for advanced cancers. In this review of the literature, the authors present fundamental advances in the biology of autophagy, approaches to targeting autophagy, the preclinical rationale and clinical experience with hydroxychloroquine in cancer clinical trials, the potential role of autophagy in tumor immunity, and recent developments in next-generation autophagy inhibitors that have clinical potential. Autophagy is a promising target for drug development in cancer. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Onorati
- Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104; U.S.A
| | - Matheus Dyczynski
- Department of Oncology & Pathology Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rani Ojha
- Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104; U.S.A
| | - Ravi K. Amaravadi
- Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104; U.S.A
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16
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Xu H, Xu S, Zhang R, Xin T, Pang Q. SIL1 functions as an oncogene in glioma by AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3775-3783. [PMID: 29997438 PMCID: PMC6033116 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s167552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose SIL1 is a ubiquitous protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and functions as a cochaperone of BiP. Previous studies have shown that function loss of SIL1 is often associated with neurological diseases, such as Marinesco-Sjögren Syndrome. However, no studies have investigated the function of SIL1 in tumors. In this study we aim to reveal functions of SIL1 and the underlying mechanisms in glioma. Materials and methods First, by searching on Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, we examined SIL1 expression and prognostic value in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and brain lower grade glioma (LGG). Immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) was also performed to determine the endogenic SIL1 level. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and clone formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation of U251 cells. Cell migration was detected by transwell assay and cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to determine protein expression. Results We found that the expression of SIL1 was increased by approximately 1.5-fold in GBM and 1.3-fold in LGG compared with normal controls (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with patients’ survival. IHC revealed that SIL1 expression was significantly higher in glioma tissues than that in paracancerous tissues (P<0.05). Glioma patients with high SIL1 expression accounted for 65.79% (25/38) of total samples and SIL1 expression significantly increased in grade IV glioma compared to grades I–III (P=0.026). Suppression of SIL1 expression led to significant inhibition of U251 cell proliferation. Transwell assay showed that cell migration of U251 was significantly inhibited by siSIL transfection, with an inhibitory rate reaching 69%. Flow cytometry detection showed that siSIL1 could induce apoptosis of U251 cells and upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and Caspase3-P17. However, siSIL1 transfection had no effect on the cell cycle. Mechanism studies demonstrated that siSIL1 transfection led to inactivation of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, including decreased phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR without affecting protein expression, as well as decreased expression of the downstream effector p70S6K. Conclusion Downregulation of SIL1 inhibited the progression of glioma by suppressing the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China, ;
| | - Shangchen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China, ;
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China, ;
| | - Tao Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China, ;
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China, ;
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17
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Zhao L, Wang L, Di SN, Xu Q, Ren QC, Chen SZ, Huang N, Jia D, Shen XF. Steroidal alkaloid solanine A from Solanum nigrum Linn. exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide/interferon γ-activated murine macrophages and animal models of inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:606-615. [PMID: 29890469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanine A is a novel steroidal alkaloid isolated from Solanum nigrum Linn., a medicinal and edible plant which is widely used for treating various inflammatory diseases. In this study, we found that solanine A markedly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ (LPS/IFNγ)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and attenuated xylene, carrageenan and agar-induced inflammation in mice. The mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and -1β (IL-1β), as well as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-9 (CXCL9), were significantly decreased by solanine A. Furthermore, solanine A also suppressed LPS/IFNγ-induced protein expression of iNOS and COX2. Mechanistically, solanine A inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) through the prevention of NF-κB p65 and inhibitory κB-α (IκBα) phosphorylation and IκBα degradation, and it also suppressed activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 (STAT1) and serine/threonine protein kinase Akt in LPS/IFNγ-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and agar-induced granuloma model in mice. Taken together, solanine A exhibits a potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS/IFNγ- activated macrophages and animal models of inflammation through inhibition of NF-κB, ERK1/2, Akt and STAT1 signaling pathways, suggesting that solanine A may be a valuable leading compound in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lun Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Suo-Ni Di
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The 451st Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-Cuo Ren
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan-Ze Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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18
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Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved, self-degradation system that is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis during stress conditions. Dysregulated autophagy has implications in health and disease. Specifically, in cancer, autophagy plays a dichotomous role by inhibiting tumor initiation but supporting tumor progression. Early results from clinical trials that repurposed hydroxychloroquine for cancer have suggested that autophagy inhibition may be a promising approach for advanced cancers. In this review of the literature, the authors present fundamental advances in the biology of autophagy, approaches to targeting autophagy, the preclinical rationale and clinical experience with hydroxychloroquine in cancer clinical trials, the potential role of autophagy in tumor immunity, and recent developments in next-generation autophagy inhibitors that have clinical potential. Autophagy is a promising target for drug development in cancer. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique V Onorati
- Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matheus Dyczynski
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rani Ojha
- Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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19
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SALL4 suppresses PTEN expression to promote glioma cell proliferation via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. J Neurooncol 2017; 135:263-272. [PMID: 28887597 PMCID: PMC5663806 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4), a oncogene, is known to participate in multiple carcinomas, and is up-regulated in glioma. However, its actual role and underlying mechanisms in the development of glioma remain unclear. The present study explored the molecular functions of SALL4 in promoting cell proliferation in glioma. The expression level of SALL4 in 69 human glioma samples and six non-tumor brain tissues was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Then, we transfected U87 and U251 cell lines with siRNA, and assessed cellular proliferation and cell cycle to understand the function of SALL4, and the relationship between SALL4, PTEN and PI3K/AKT pathway. PCR confirmed that the expression of SALL4 was higher in the glioma samples than non-tumor brain tissues. Cellular growth and proliferation were dramatically reduced following inhibition of SALL4 expression. Western blot showed increase in PTEN expression when SALL4 was silenced, which in turn depressed the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, suggesting that PTEN was a downstream target of SALL4 in glioma development. Therefore, SALL4 could act as a proto-oncogene by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby facilitating proliferation of glioma cells.
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Jiang M, Wu YL, Li X, Zhang Y, Xia KL, Cui BW, Lian LH, Nan JX. Oligomeric proanthocyanidin derived from grape seeds inhibited NF-κB signaling in activated HSC: Involvement of JNK/ERK MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:674-680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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A GalNAc/Gal-specific lectin from the sea mussel Crenomytilus grayanus modulates immune response in macrophages and in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6315. [PMID: 28740170 PMCID: PMC5524719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A GalNAc/Gal-specific lectin (CGL) from the edible mussel Crenomytilus grayanus has been demonstrated to exhibit antibacterial properties. However, the mechanism of immune modulation by CGL in mammalian cells remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that CGL can activate immune responses in macrophages and in mice. In the in vitro cell models, CGL induced tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 secretion in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages, mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, human THP-1 macrophages, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human blood monocyte-derived macrophages. The CGL-mediated cytokine production was regulated by reactive oxygen species, mitogen-activated protein kinases, protein kinase C-α/δ and NF-κB. Interestingly, in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages, CGL induced endotoxin tolerance (characterized by the downregulation of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase II) via the downregulation of IRAK2 expression, JNK1/2 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. CGL also slightly increased the bactericidal activity of macrophages and induced cytokine production in mouse models. Overall, our data indicate that CGL has the potential to be used as an immune modulator in mammals.
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22
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Abstract
Eukaryotes use autophagy as a mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling organelles and proteins. This process assists in the proliferation and survival of advanced cancers. There is mounting preclinical evidence that targeting autophagy can enhance the efficacy of many cancer therapies. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is the only clinically-approved autophagy inhibitor, and this systematic review focuses on HCQ use in cancer clinical trials. Preclinical trials have shown that HCQ alone and in combination therapy leads to enhancement of tumor shrinkage. This has provided the base for multiple ongoing clinical trials involving HCQ alone and in combination with other treatments. However, due to its potency, there is still a need for more potent and specific autophagy inhibitors. There are multiple autophagy inhibitors in the pre-clinical stage at various stages of development. Additional studies on the mechanism of HCQ and other autophagy inhibitors are still required to answer questions surrounding how these agents will eventually be used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia I Chude
- Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, 852 BRB, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, 852 BRB, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Tian Y, Li Z, Shen B, Zhang Q, Feng H. Protective effects of morin on lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 45:148-155. [PMID: 28213269 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Morin, a bioactive flavonoid extracted from the bark of Moraceae plants and many medicinal herbs, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. In this research, we explored the protective effects of morin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and d-galactosamine (D-GalN) induced acute liver injury in mice. Mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of morin before LPS and D-GalN treatment and the HepG2 cells were only given morin to investigate its effects. The results showed that morin markedly inhibited the production of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and hepatic TNF-α, IL-6, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) induced by LPS/D-GalN. In order to evaluate morin effect in the future, we investigated the expression of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) on liver injury. Taken together, these results suggested that morin could exert the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects against LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury by activating Nrf2 signal pathways and inhibiting NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Bingyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Haihua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China.
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Roversi FM, Pericole FV, Machado-Neto JA, da Silva Santos Duarte A, Longhini AL, Corrocher FA, Palodetto B, Ferro KP, Rosa RG, Baratti MO, Verjovski-Almeida S, Traina F, Molinari A, Botta M, Saad STO. Hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) is a potential therapeutic target for dysplastic and leukemic cells due to integration of erythropoietin/PI3K pathway and regulation of erythropoiesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:450-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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CCL2 is a KIT D816V-dependent modulator of the bone marrow microenvironment in systemic mastocytosis. Blood 2016; 129:371-382. [PMID: 27856463 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-739003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is characterized by abnormal accumulation of neoplastic mast cells harboring the activating KIT mutation D816V in the bone marrow and other internal organs. As found in other myeloproliferative neoplasms, increased production of profibrogenic and angiogenic cytokines and related alterations of the bone marrow microenvironment are commonly found in SM. However, little is known about mechanisms and effector molecules triggering fibrosis and angiogenesis in SM. Here we show that KIT D816V promotes expression of the proangiogenic cytokine CCL2 in neoplastic mast cells. Correspondingly, the KIT-targeting drug midostaurin and RNA interference-mediated knockdown of KIT reduced expression of CCL2. We also found that nuclear factor κB contributes to KIT-dependent upregulation of CCL2 in mast cells. In addition, CCL2 secreted by KIT D816V+ mast cells was found to promote the migration of human endothelial cells in vitro. Furthermore, knockdown of CCL2 in neoplastic mast cells resulted in reduced microvessel density and reduced tumor growth in vivo compared with CCL2-expressing cells. Finally, we measured CCL2 serum concentrations in patients with SM and found that CCL2 levels were significantly increased in mastocytosis patients compared with controls. CCL2 serum levels were higher in patients with advanced SM and were found to correlate with poor survival. In summary, we have identified CCL2 as a novel KIT D816V-dependent key regulator of vascular cell migration and angiogenesis in SM. CCL2 expression correlates with disease severity and prognosis. Whether CCL2 may serve as a therapeutic target in advanced SM remains to be determined in forthcoming studies.
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Incrocci R, Barse L, Stone A, Vagvala S, Montesano M, Subramaniam V, Swanson-Mungerson M. Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A) enhances IL-10 production through the activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase and STAT3. Virology 2016; 500:96-102. [PMID: 27792904 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous data demonstrate that Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A) enhances IL-10 to promote the survival of LMP2A-expressing B cell lymphomas. Since STAT3 is an important regulator of IL-10 production, we hypothesized that LMP2A activates a signal transduction cascade that increases STAT3 phosphorylation to enhance IL-10. Using LMP2A-negative and -positive B cell lines, the data indicate that LMP2A requires the early signaling molecules of the Syk/RAS/PI3K pathway to increase IL-10. Additional studies indicate that the PI3K-regulated kinase, BTK, is responsible for phosphorylating STAT3, which ultimately mediates the LMP2A-dependent increase in IL-10. These data are the first to show that LMP2A signaling results in STAT3 phosphorylation in B cells through a PI3K/BTK-dependent pathway. With the use of BTK and STAT3 inhibitors to treat B cell lymphomas in clinical trials, these findings highlight the possibility of using new pharmaceutical approaches to treat EBV-associated lymphomas that express LMP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Incrocci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Levi Barse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Amanda Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Sai Vagvala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Michael Montesano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Vijay Subramaniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Michelle Swanson-Mungerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States.
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Pittini Á, Casaravilla C, Allen JE, Díaz Á. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K class III enhances the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in dendritic cells stimulated by TLR agonists. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:213-217. [PMID: 27168056 PMCID: PMC4907315 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Pittini
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Casaravilla
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Judith E Allen
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Álvaro Díaz
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Kumase F, Takeuchi K, Morizane Y, Suzuki J, Matsumoto H, Kataoka K, Al-Moujahed A, Maidana DE, Miller JW, Vavvas DG. AMPK-Activated Protein Kinase Suppresses Ccr2 Expression by Inhibiting the NF-κB Pathway in RAW264.7 Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147279. [PMID: 26799633 PMCID: PMC4723067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor 2 (Ccr2) is a key pro-inflammatory marker of classic (M1) macrophage activation. Although Ccr2 is known to be expressed both constitutively and inductively, the full regulatory mechanism of its expression remains unclear. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is not only a master regulator of energy homeostasis but also a central regulator of inflammation. In this study, we sought to assess AMPK's role in regulating RAW264.7 macrophage Ccr2 protein levels in resting (M0) or LPS-induced M1 states. In both M0 and M1 RAW264.7 macrophages, knockdown of the AMPKα1 subunit by siRNA led to increased Ccr2 levels whereas pharmacologic (A769662) activation of AMPK, attenuated LPS-induced increases in Ccr2 expression in an AMPK dependent fashion. The increases in Ccr2 levels by AMPK downregulation were partially reversed by NF-κB inhibition whereas TNF-a inhibition had minimal effects. Our results indicate that AMPK is a negative regulator of Ccr2 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages, and that the mechanism of action of AMPK inhibition of Ccr2 is mediated, in part, through the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Kumase
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kimio Takeuchi
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yuki Morizane
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Suzuki
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Matsumoto
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keiko Kataoka
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ahmad Al-Moujahed
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Maidana
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joan W. Miller
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Pan CW, Zhou GY, Chen WL, Zhuge L, Jin LX, Zheng Y, Lin W, Pan ZZ. Protective effect of forsythiaside A on lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced liver injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:80-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tang Y, Liu L, Sheng M, Xiong K, Huang L, Gao Q, Wei J, Wu T, Yang S, Liu H, Mu Y, Li K. Wip1 knockout inhibits the proliferation and enhances the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 334:310-22. [PMID: 25839408 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a unique population of multipotent adult progenitor cells originally found in bone marrow (BM), are extremely useful for multifunctional therapeutic approaches. However, the growth arrest and premature senescence of MSCs in vitro prevent the in-depth characterization of these cells. In addition, the regulatory factors involved in MSCs migration remain largely unknown. Given that protein phosphorylation is associated with the processes of MSCs proliferation and migration, we focused on wild-type p53-inducible phosphatase-1 (Wip1), a well-studied modulator of phosphorylation, in this study. Our results showed that Wip1 knockout significantly inhibited MSCs proliferation and induced G2-phase cell-cycle arrest by reducing cyclinB1 expression. Compared with WT-MSCs, Wip1(-/-) MSCs displayed premature growth arrest after six passages in culture. Transwell and scratch assays revealed that Wip1(-/-) MSCs migrate more effectively than WT-MSCs. Moreover, the enhanced migratory response of Wip1(-/-) MSCs may be attributed to increases in the induction of Rac1-GTP activity, the pAKT/AKT ratio, the rearrangement of filamentous-actin (f-actin), and filopodia formation. Based on these results, we then examined the effect of treatment with a PI3K/AKT and Rac1 inhibitor, both of which impaired the migratory activity of MSCs. Therefore, we propose that the PI3K/AKT/Rac1 signaling axis mediates the Wip1 knockout-induced migration of MSCs. Our findings indicate that the principal function of Wip1 in MSCs transformation is the maintenance of proliferative capacity. Nevertheless, knocking out Wip1 increases the migratory capacity of MSCs. This dual effect of Wip1 provides the potential for purposeful routing of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ming Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Xiong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 7, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yulian Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Kui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Chen G, Wang Y, Li M, Xu T, Wang X, Hong B, Niu Y. Curcumol induces HSC-T6 cell death through suppression of Bcl-2: involvement of PI3K and NF-κB pathways. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 65:21-8. [PMID: 25220584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The major feature in the molecular pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis requires maintenance of the activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) phenotype by both proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. Thus, the induction of activated HSCs apoptosis has been proposed as an antifibrotic treatment strategy. Curcumol has pro-apoptotic activity in a number of cancer cell types. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the interruption of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by curcumol might induce apoptosis of activated HSCs. Our results indicated that curcumol-induced growth inhibition correlated with apoptosis induction as evidenced by Annexin V staining, and cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in HSC-T6. Importantly, we show that the apoptotic effect of curcumol was specific to the activated HSCs (HSC-T6). Suppression of the NF-κB translocation via inhibition of IκB-α phosphorylation by the curcumol led to the inhibition of expression of NF-κB-regulated gene, e.g. Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, in a PI3K-dependent manner, which is upstream of NF-κB activation. Also, curcumol-mediated apoptosis of HSC-T6 were reversed by LY294002 and Bay 11-7082. Taken together, our findings perfectly support the hypothesis and demonstrate that the inhibition of PI3K/NF-κB pathway by curcumol lead to HSC-T6 apoptosis. Thus, our study indicates that curcumol is a potential candidate for further preclinical study aimed at the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yinghang Wang
- Rheumatoid Immunology Clinic, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun, University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Meiqian Li
- School of Nursing, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Tianjiao Xu
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Bo Hong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yingcai Niu
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar 161006, China.
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Ueda K, Nakahara T, Akanuma K, Mori A, Sakamoto K, Ishii K. Differential effects of LY294002 and wortmannin on neurons and vascular endothelial cells in the rat retina. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:854-62. [PMID: 24145079 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal damage leads to capillary degeneration in an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal degeneration model; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway has been recognized as an intracellular pro-survival signaling system. Therefore, we used the PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin to investigate the role of this pathway in neuronal and blood vessel injury in the rat retina treated with NMDA. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-240 g were used in this study. NMDA combined with LY294002, wortmannin, or vehicle was administered intravitreally, and histological evaluation was performed at 2 and 7 days after injection. The effects of LY294002 or wortmannin alone were also evaluated. RESULTS The number of cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) was significantly reduced at 2 and 7 days after intravitreal injection of NMDA, whereas enhanced capillary degeneration was observed at 7 days. Simultaneous injection of LY294002 with NMDA significantly attenuated NMDA-induced retinal cell loss and capillary degeneration at 7 days. However, simultaneous injection of wortmannin with NMDA did not affect cell loss, but enhanced capillary degeneration. Treatment with LY294002 alone showed no effect on neuronal or vascular cells, whereas wortmannin induced capillary degeneration without significantly affecting the cell number in the GCL. CONCLUSIONS Although both LY294002 and wortmannin are known as PI3K inhibitors, they exhibit differential effects on neurons and vascular endothelial cells in the rat retina. Therefore, the results obtained using these inhibitors should be carefully interpreted. However, our finding that LY294002 was protective against NMDA-induced retinal damage suggests that this compound may be an effective candidate for preventing the development of retinal diseases associated with glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Ueda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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Hu B, Zhang H, Meng X, Wang F, Wang P. Aloe-emodin from rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:846-853. [PMID: 24685589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheum rhabarbarum (rhubarb) has long been used for the treatment of inflammation in China and other Asian countries. However, the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of this medicinal plant is not fully understood. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of anthraquinones, the major constituents in rhubarb, and the molecular mechanism involved in their anti-inflammatory effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW264.7 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of the compounds examined. The proliferation of RAW264.7 cells was assayed by the Alamar-Blue method. The quantity of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by Griess assay. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time PCR. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), inhibitor of nuclear factor κBα (IκBα), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and Akt/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) protein expression levels were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Aloe-emodin markedly suppressed the production of NO, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with no apparent cytotoxicity. The mRNA expression levels of iNOS, IL-6, and IL-1β genes were also significantly inhibited by aloe-emodin. Western blot analysis showed that aloe-emodin suppressed LPS-induced iNOS protein expression, IκBα degradation, and the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, JNK, and Akt. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that aloe-emodin is the bioactive component of rhubarb that confers an anti-inflammatory effect through a likely mechanism involving a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages via inhibition of NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Hu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, PR China.
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Glucksam-Galnoy Y, Sananes R, Silberstein N, Krief P, Kravchenko VV, Meijler MM, Zor T. The bacterial quorum-sensing signal molecule N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone reciprocally modulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in activated macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:337-44. [PMID: 23720811 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial molecule N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C12) has critical roles in both interbacterial communication and interkingdom signaling. The ability of C12 to downregulate production of the key proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in stimulated macrophages was suggested to contribute to the establishment of chronic infections by opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We show that, in contrast to TNF-α suppression, C12 amplifies production of the major anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in LPS-stimulated murine RAW264.7 macrophages, as well as peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, C12 increased IL-10 mRNA levels and IL-10 promoter reporter activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, indicating that C12 modulates IL-10 expression at the transcriptional level. Finally, C12 substantially potentiated LPS-stimulated NF-κB DNA-binding levels and prolonged p38 MAPK phosphorylation in RAW264.7 macrophages, suggesting that increased transcriptional activity of NF-κB and/or p38-activated transcription factors serves to upregulate IL-10 production in macrophages exposed to both LPS and C12. These findings reveal another part of the complex array of host transitions through which opportunistic bacteria downregulate immune responses to flourish and establish a chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Glucksam-Galnoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Differential regulation of chemotaxis: Role of Gβγ in chemokine receptor-induced cell migration. Cell Signal 2013; 25:729-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Zhao W, Qi J, Wang L, Zhang M, Wang P, Gao C. LY294002 inhibits TLR3/4-mediated IFN-β production via inhibition of IRF3 activation with a PI3K-independent mechanism. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:705-10. [PMID: 22285490 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
TLR3 and TLR4 utilize adaptor TRIF to activate interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), resulting in interferon β (IFN-β) production to mediate anti-viral infection. In this report, we analyzed the effect of two known phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin on LPS- and poly(I:C)-induced IFN-β production in peritoneal macrophages. LY294002 inhibited LPS- and poly(I:C)-induced IFN-β transcription and secretion. In contrast, wortmannin could not inhibit IFN-β production. Furthermore, IRF3 transcriptional activation and binding to IFN-β promoter were found to be inhibited by LY294002. Therefore, our findings demonstrate LY294002 negatively regulates LPS- and poly(I:C)-induced IFN-β production through inhibition of IRF3 activation in a PI3K-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
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