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Arita M. An efficient trans complementation system for in vivo replication of defective poliovirus mutants. J Virol 2024:e0052324. [PMID: 38837378 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00523-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The picornavirus genome encodes a large, single polyprotein that is processed by viral proteases to form an active replication complex. The replication complex is formed with the viral genome, host proteins, and viral proteins that are produced/translated directly from each of the viral genomes (viral proteins provided in cis). Efficient complementation in vivo of replication complex formation by viral proteins provided in trans, thus exogenous or ectopically expressed viral proteins, remains to be demonstrated. Here, we report an efficient trans complementation system for the replication of defective poliovirus (PV) mutants by a viral polyprotein precursor in HEK293 cells. Viral 3AB in the polyprotein, but not 2BC, was processed exclusively in cis. Replication of a defective PV replicon mutant, with a disrupted cleavage site for viral 3Cpro protease between 3Cpro and 3Dpol (3C/D[A/G] mutant) could be rescued by a viral polyprotein provided in trans. Only a defect of 3Dpol activity of the replicon could be rescued in trans; inactivating mutations in 2CATPase/hel, 3B, and 3Cpro of the replicon completely abrogated the trans-rescued replication. An intact N-terminus of the 3Cpro domain of the 3CDpro provided in trans was essential for the trans-active function. By using this trans complementation system, a high-titer defective PV pseudovirus (PVpv) (>107 infectious units per mL) could be produced with the defective mutants, whose replication was completely dependent on trans complementation. This work reveals potential roles of exogenous viral proteins in PV replication and offers insights into protein/protein interaction during picornavirus infection. IMPORTANCE Viral polyprotein processing is an elaborately controlled step by viral proteases encoded in the polyprotein; fully processed proteins and processing intermediates need to be correctly produced for replication, which can be detrimentally affected even by a small modification of the polyprotein. Purified/isolated viral proteins can retain their enzymatic activities required for viral replication, such as protease, helicase, polymerase, etc. However, when these proteins of picornavirus are exogenously provided (provided in trans) to the viral replication complex with a defective viral genome, replication is generally not rescued/complemented, suggesting the importance of viral proteins endogenously provided (provided in cis) to the replication complex. In this study, I discovered that only the viral polymerase activity of poliovirus (PV) (the typical member of picornavirus family) could be efficiently rescued by exogenously expressed viral proteins. The current study reveals potential roles for exogenous viral proteins in viral replication and offers insights into interactions during picornavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minetaro Arita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Ren C, Carrillo ND, Cryns VL, Anderson RA, Chen M. Environmental pollutants and phosphoinositide signaling in autoimmunity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133080. [PMID: 38091799 PMCID: PMC10923067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution stands as one of the most critical challenges affecting human health, with an estimated mortality rate linked to pollution-induced non-communicable diseases projected to range from 20% to 25%. These pollutants not only disrupt immune responses but can also trigger immunotoxicity. Phosphoinositide signaling, a pivotal regulator of immune responses, plays a central role in the development of autoimmune diseases and exhibits high sensitivity to environmental stressors. Among these stressors, environmental pollutants have become increasingly prevalent in our society, contributing to the initiation and exacerbation of autoimmune conditions. In this review, we summarize the intricate interplay between phosphoinositide signaling and autoimmune diseases within the context of environmental pollutants and contaminants. We provide an up-to-date overview of stress-induced phosphoinositide signaling, discuss 14 selected examples categorized into three groups of environmental pollutants and their connections to immune diseases, and shed light on the associated phosphoinositide signaling pathways. Through these discussions, this review advances our understanding of how phosphoinositide signaling influences the coordinated immune response to environmental stressors at a biological level. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights into potential research directions and therapeutic targets aimed at mitigating the impact of environmental pollutants on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. SYNOPSIS: Phosphoinositide signaling at the intersection of environmental pollutants and autoimmunity provides novel insights for managing autoimmune diseases aggravated by pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Noah D Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Vincent L Cryns
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Richard A Anderson
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong Universities for Vascular Homeostasis and Diseases, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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3
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Jitobaom K, Peerapen P, Boonyuen U, Meewan I, Boonarkart C, Sirihongthong T, Thongon S, Thongboonkerd V, Auewarakul P. Identification of inositol monophosphatase as a broad-spectrum antiviral target of ivermectin. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29552. [PMID: 38511598 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Ivermectin has broad-spectrum antiviral activities. Despite the failure in clinical application of COVID-19, it can serve as a lead compound for the development of more effective broad-spectrum antivirals, for which a better understanding of its antiviral mechanisms is essential. We thus searched for potential novel targets of ivermectin in host cells by label-free thermal proteomic profiling using Huh-7 cells. Inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) was found among the proteins with shifted thermal stability by ivermectin. Ivermectin could inhibit IMPase activity and reduce cellular myo-inositol and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate levels. On the other hand, inositol could impair the antiviral activity of ivermectin and lithium, an IMPase inhibitor with known antiviral activity. As phosphatidylinositol phosphate is crucial for the replication of many RNA viruses, inhibition of cellular myo-inositol biosynthesis may be an important antiviral mechanism of ivermectin. Hence, inhibition of IMPase could serve as a potential target for broad-spectrum antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlakanya Jitobaom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ittipat Meewan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chompunuch Boonarkart
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Sirihongthong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Songkran Thongon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasert Auewarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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4
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G Vishakantegowda A, Hwang D, Chakrasali P, Jung E, Lee JY, Shin JS, Jung YS. Highly potent and selective phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ inhibitors as broad-spectrum anti-rhinoviral agents. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:704-719. [PMID: 38389877 PMCID: PMC10880896 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00630a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (hRVs) cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections and exacerbate asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. hRVs comprise more than 160 strains with considerable genetic variation. Their high diversity and strain-specific interactions with antisera hinder the development of anti-hRV therapeutic agents. Phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase IIIβ (PI4KIIIβ) is a key enzyme in the phosphoinositide signalling pathway that is crucial for the replication and survival of various viruses. We identified novel PI4KIIIβ inhibitors, N-(4-methyl-5-arylthiazol)-2-amide derivatives, by generating a hit compound, 1a, from the high-throughput screening of a chemical library, followed by the optimization study of 1a. Inhibitor 7e exhibited the highest activity (EC50 = 0.008, 0.0068, and 0.0076 μM for hRV-B14, hRV-A16, and hRV-A21, respectively) and high toxicity (CC50 = 6.1 μM). Inhibitor 7f showed good activity and low toxicity and provided the highest selectivity index (SI ≥ 4638, >3116, and >2793 for hRV-B14, hRV-A16, and hRV-A21, respectively). Furthermore, 7f showed broad-spectrum activities against various hRVs, coxsackieviruses, and other enteroviruses, such as EV-A71 and EV-D68. The binding mode of the inhibitors was investigated using 7f, and the experimental results of plaque reduction, replicon and cytotoxicity, and time-of-drug-addition assays suggested that 7f acts as a PI4KIIIβ inhibitor. The kinase inhibition activity of this series of compounds against PI4KIIIα and PI4KIIIβ was assessed, and 7f demonstrated kinase inhibition activity with an IC50 value of 0.016 μM for PI4KIIIβ, but not for PI4KIIIα (>10 μM). Therefore, 7f represents a highly potent and selective PI4KIIIβ inhibitor for the further development of antiviral therapy against hRVs or other enteroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash G Vishakantegowda
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Hwang
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Veterinary Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University Cheongju 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Prashant Chakrasali
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Jung
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Lee
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Shin
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sik Jung
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
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Lecordier L, Heo P, Graversen JH, Hennig D, Skytthe MK, Cornet d'Elzius A, Pincet F, Pérez-Morga D, Pays E. Apolipoproteins L1 and L3 control mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113528. [PMID: 38041817 PMCID: PMC10765320 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins L1 and L3 (APOLs) are associated at the Golgi with the membrane fission factors phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase-IIIB (PI4KB) and non-muscular myosin 2A. Either APOL1 C-terminal truncation (APOL1Δ) or APOL3 deletion (APOL3-KO [knockout]) reduces PI4KB activity and triggers actomyosin reorganization. We report that APOL3, but not APOL1, controls PI4KB activity through interaction with PI4KB and neuronal calcium sensor-1 or calneuron-1. Both APOLs are present in Golgi-derived autophagy-related protein 9A vesicles, which are involved in PI4KB trafficking. Like APOL3-KO, APOL1Δ induces PI4KB dissociation from APOL3, linked to reduction of mitophagy flux and production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. APOL1 and APOL3, respectively, can interact with the mitophagy receptor prohibitin-2 and the mitophagosome membrane fusion factor vesicle-associated membrane protein-8 (VAMP8). While APOL1 conditions PI4KB and APOL3 involvement in mitochondrion fission and mitophagy, APOL3-VAMP8 interaction promotes fusion between mitophagosomal and endolysosomal membranes. We propose that APOL3 controls mitochondrial membrane dynamics through interactions with the fission factor PI4KB and the fusion factor VAMP8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lecordier
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Paul Heo
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, 75005 Paris, France; Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jonas H Graversen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dorle Hennig
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Maria Kløjgaard Skytthe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | | | - Frédéric Pincet
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Pérez-Morga
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium; Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Etienne Pays
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium.
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Sun Y, Isaji T, Oyama Y, Xu X, Liu J, Hanamatsu H, Yokota I, Miura N, Furukawa JI, Fukuda T, Gu J. Focal-adhesion kinase regulates the sialylation of N-glycans via the PI4KIIα-PI4P pathway. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105051. [PMID: 37451482 PMCID: PMC10406863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialylation is a terminal glycosylated modification of glycoproteins that regulates critical biological events such as cell adhesion and immune response. Our previous study showed that integrin α3β1 plays a crucial role in regulating the sialylation of N-glycans. However, the underlying mechanism for the regulation remains unclear. This study investigated how sialylation is affected by focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which is a critical downstream signal molecule of integrin β1. We established a stable FAK knockout (KO) cell line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in HeLa cells. The results obtained from lectin blot, flow cytometric analysis, and MS showed that the sialylation levels were significantly decreased in the KO cells compared with that in wild-type (WT) cells. Moreover, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) expression levels were also reduced in the KO cells due to a decrease in the stability of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase-IIα (PI4KIIα). Notably, the decreased levels of sialylation, PI4P, and the complex formation between GOLPH3 and ST3GAL4 or ST6GAL1, which are the main sialyltransferases for modification of N-glycans, were significantly restored by the re-expression of FAK. Furthermore, the decreased sialylation and phosphorylation of Akt and cell migration caused by FAK deficiency all were restored by overexpressing PI4KIIα, which suggests that PI4KIIα is one of the downstream molecules of FAK. These findings indicate that FAK regulates sialylation via the PI4P synthesis pathway and a novel mechanism is suggested for the integrin-FAK-PI4KIIα-GOLPH3-ST axis modulation of sialylation in N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Sun
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoya Isaji
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Oyama
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Xing Xu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Hanamatsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yokota
- Division of Glyco-Systems Biology, Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Miura
- Division of Bioinformatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Furukawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Glyco-Systems Biology, Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Arita M, Fuchino H. Characterization of Anti-Poliovirus Compounds Isolated from Edible Plants. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040903. [PMID: 37112883 PMCID: PMC10145814 DOI: 10.3390/v15040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poliovirus (PV) is the causative agent of poliomyelitis and is a target of the global eradication programs of the World Health Organization (WHO). After eradication of type 2 and 3 wild-type PVs, vaccine-derived PV remains a substantial threat against the eradication as well as type 1 wild-type PV. Antivirals could serve as an effective means to suppress the outbreak; however, no anti-PV drugs have been approved at present. Here, we screened for effective anti-PV compounds in a library of edible plant extracts (a total of 6032 extracts). We found anti-PV activity in the extracts of seven different plant species. We isolated chrysophanol and vanicoside B (VCB) as the identities of the anti-PV activities of the extracts of Rheum rhaponticum and Fallopia sachalinensis, respectively. VCB targeted the host PI4KB/OSBP pathway for its anti-PV activity (EC50 = 9.2 μM) with an inhibitory effect on in vitro PI4KB activity (IC50 = 5.0 μM). This work offers new insights into the anti-PV activity in edible plants that may serve as potent antivirals for PV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minetaro Arita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi 208-0011, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fuchino
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai, Tsukuba 305-0843, Ibaraki, Japan
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Wu KX, Yogarajah T, Choy Loe MW, Kaur P, Hua Lee RC, Mok CK, Wong YH, Phuektes P, Yeo LS, Chow VT, Tan YW, Hann Chu JJ. The host-targeting compound peruvoside has a broad-spectrum antiviral activity against positive-sense RNA viruses. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2039-2055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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Arita M. Essential Domains of Oxysterol-Binding Protein Required for Poliovirus Replication. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122672. [PMID: 36560676 PMCID: PMC9786093 DOI: 10.3390/v14122672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) is a host factor required for enterovirus (EV) replication. OSBP locates at membrane contact site and acts as a lipid exchanger of cholesterol and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) between cellular organelles; however, the essential domains required for the viral replication remain unknown. In this study, we define essential domains of OSBP for poliovirus (PV) replication by a functional dominance assay with a series of deletion variants of OSBP. We show that the pleckstrin homology domain (PHD) and the ligand-binding domain, but not the N-terminal intrinsically disordered domain, coiled-coil region, or the FFAT motif, are essential for PV replication. The PHD serves as the primary determinant of OSBP targeting to the replication organelle in the infected cells. These results suggest that not all the domains that support important biological functions of OSBP are essential for the viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minetaro Arita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
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10
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Efficacy of the Antimalarial MMV390048 against Babesia Infection Reveals Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase as a Druggable Target for Babesiosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0057422. [PMID: 35924942 PMCID: PMC9487540 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00574-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-Babesia effect of MMV390048, a drug that inhibits Plasmodium by targeting the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K). The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of MMV390048 against the in vitro growth of Babesia gibsoni was 6.9 ± 0.9 μM. In immunocompetent mice, oral treatment with MMV390048 at a concentration of 20 mg/kg effectively inhibited the growth of B. microti (Peabody mjr strain). The peak parasitemia in the control group was 30.5%, whereas the peak parasitemia in the MMV390048-treated group was 3.4%. Meanwhile, MMV390048 also showed inhibition on the growth of B. rodhaini (Australia strain), a highly pathogenic rodent Babesia species. All MMV390048-treated mice survived, whereas the mice in control group died within 10 days postinfection (DPI). The first 7-day administration of MMV390048 in B. microti-infected, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice delayed the rise of parasitemia by 26 days. Subsequently, a second 7-day administration was given upon recurrence. At 52 DPI, a parasite relapse (in 1 out of 5 mice) and a mutation in the B. microti PI4K L746S, a MMV390048 resistance-related gene, were detected. Although the radical cure of B. microti infection in immunocompromised host SCID mice was not achieved, results from this study showed that MMV390048 has excellent inhibitory effects on Babesia parasites, revealing a new treatment strategy for babesiosis: targeting the B. microti PI4K.
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Kobayashi J, Arita M, Sakai S, Kojima H, Senda M, Senda T, Hanada K, Kato R. Ligand Recognition by the Lipid Transfer Domain of Human OSBP Is Important for Enterovirus Replication. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1161-1170. [PMID: 35613096 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP), which transports cholesterol and phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate (PtdIns[4]P) between different organelles, serves as a conserved host factor for the replication of various viruses, and OSBP inhibitors exhibit antiviral effects. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the lipid transfer domain of human OSBP in complex with endogenous cholesterol. The hydrocarbon tail and tetracyclic ring of cholesterol interact with the hydrophobic tunnel of OSBP, and the hydroxyl group of cholesterol forms a hydrogen bond network at the bottom of the tunnel. Systematic mutagenesis of the ligand-binding region revealed that M446W and L590W substitutions confer functional tolerance to an OSBP inhibitor, T-00127-HEV2. Employing the M446W variant as a functional replacement for the endogenous OSBP in the presence of T-00127-HEV2, we have identified previously unappreciated amino acid residues required for viral replication. The combined use of the inhibitor and the OSBP variant will be useful in elucidating the enigmatic in vivo functions of OSBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Minetaro Arita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Shota Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hirotatsu Kojima
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Miki Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kato
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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12
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Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect Mediated by Exosomes Involves the Replication Stress in Recipient Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084169. [PMID: 35456987 PMCID: PMC9029583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes released by irradiated cells mediate the radiation-induced bystander effect, which is manifested by DNA breaks detected in recipient cells; yet, the specific mechanism responsible for the generation of chromosome lesions remains unclear. In this study, naive FaDu head and neck cancer cells were stimulated with exosomes released by irradiated (a single 2 Gy dose) or mock-irradiated cells. Maximum accumulation of gamma H2A.X foci, a marker of DNA breaks, was detected after one hour of stimulation with exosomes from irradiated donors, the level of which was comparable to the one observed in directly irradiated cells (a weaker wave of the gamma H2A.X foci accumulation was also noted after 23 h of stimulation). Exosomes from irradiated cells, but not from control ones, activated two stress-induced protein kinases: ATM and ATR. Noteworthy is that while direct irradiation activated only ATM, both ATM and ATR were activated by two factors known to induce the replication stress: hydroxyurea and camptothecin (with subsequent phosphorylation of gamma H2A.X). One hour of stimulation with exosomes from irradiated cells suppressed DNA synthesis in recipient cells and resulted in the subsequent nuclear accumulation of RNA:DNA hybrids, which is an indicator of impaired replication. Interestingly, the abovementioned effects were observed before a substantial internalization of exosomes, which may suggest a receptor-mediated mechanism. It was observed that after one hour of stimulation with exosomes from irradiated donors, phosphorylation of several nuclear proteins, including replication factors and regulators of heterochromatin remodeling as well as components of multiple intracellular signaling pathways increased. Hence, we concluded that the bystander effect mediated by exosomes released from irradiated cells involves the replication stress in recipient cells.
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13
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Lesage S, Chazal M, Beauclair G, Batalie D, Cerboni S, Couderc E, Lescure A, Del Nery E, Tangy F, Martin A, Manel N, Jouvenet N. Discovery of Genes that Modulate Flavivirus Replication in an Interferon-Dependent Manner. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167277. [PMID: 34599939 PMCID: PMC8480147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Establishment of the interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral state provides a crucial initial line of defense against viral infection. Numerous genes that contribute to this antiviral state remain to be identified. Using a loss-of-function strategy, we screened an original library of 1156 siRNAs targeting 386 individual curated human genes in stimulated microglial cells infected with Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging RNA virus that belongs to the flavivirus genus. The screen recovered twenty-one potential host proteins that modulate ZIKV replication in an IFN-dependent manner, including the previously known IFITM3 and LY6E. Further characterization contributed to delineate the spectrum of action of these genes towards other pathogenic RNA viruses, including Hepatitis C virus and SARS-CoV-2. Our data revealed that APOL3 acts as a proviral factor for ZIKV and several other related and unrelated RNA viruses. In addition, we showed that MTA2, a chromatin remodeling factor, possesses potent flavivirus-specific antiviral functions induced by IFN. Our work identified previously unrecognized genes that modulate the replication of RNA viruses in an IFN-dependent manner, opening new perspectives to target weakness points in the life cycle of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lesage
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Maxime Chazal
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Beauclair
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, F-75015 Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Damien Batalie
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Silvia Cerboni
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Couderc
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, F-75015 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 2000, Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Aurianne Lescure
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Translational Research-Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - Elaine Del Nery
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Translational Research-Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Annette Martin
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Manel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France. https://twitter.com/NicolasManellab
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, F-75015 Paris, France.
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14
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Sui N, Zhang R, Jiang Y, Yu H, Xu G, Wang J, Zhu Y, Xie Z, Hu J, Jiang S. Integrated miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles Reveal Differentially Expressed miR-222a as an Antiviral Factor Against Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 1 Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:811556. [PMID: 35047423 PMCID: PMC8761743 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.811556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus 1 (DHAV-1) is a highly contagious etiological agent that causes acute hepatitis in young ducklings. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in response to pathogens. However, the interplay between DHAV-1 infection and miRNAs remains ambiguous. We characterized and compared miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in duck embryo fibroblasts cells (DEFs) infected with DHAV-1. In total, 36 and 96 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs, and 4110 and 2595 DE mRNAs, were identified at 12 and 24 h after infection. In particular, 126 and 275 miRNA-mRNA pairs with a negative correlation were chosen to construct an interaction network. Subsequently, we identified the functional annotation of DE mRNAs and target genes of DE miRNAs enriched in diverse Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, which may be important for virus resistance, cell proliferation, and metabolism. Moreover, upregulated miR-222a could negatively regulate DHAV-1 replication in DEFs and downregulate integrin subunit beta 3 (ITGB3) expression by targeting the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR), indicating that miR-222a may modulate DHAV-1 replication via interaction with ITGB3. In conclusion, the results reveal changes of mRNAs and miRNAs during DHAV-1 infection and suggest miR-222a as an antiviral factor against DHAV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Sui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Honglei Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Guige Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Zhijing Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Jiaqing Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China.,Shandong GreenBlue Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Economic Development Zone, Ningyang County, Taian, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
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15
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Hassan Z, Kumar ND, Reggiori F, Khan G. How Viruses Hijack and Modify the Secretory Transport Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:2535. [PMID: 34685515 PMCID: PMC8534161 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain dynamic membrane-bound organelles that are constantly remodeled in response to physiological and environmental cues. Key organelles are the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane, which are interconnected by vesicular traffic through the secretory transport route. Numerous viruses, especially enveloped viruses, use and modify compartments of the secretory pathway to promote their replication, assembly and cell egression by hijacking the host cell machinery. In some cases, the subversion mechanism has been uncovered. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of how the secretory pathway is subverted and exploited by viruses belonging to Picornaviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae,Poxviridae, Parvoviridae and Herpesviridae families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubaida Hassan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University, Yola PMB 2076, Nigeria
| | - Nilima Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.D.K.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.D.K.); (F.R.)
| | - Gulfaraz Khan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates;
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16
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Novel capsid binder and PI4KIIIbeta inhibitors for EV-A71 replication inhibition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9719. [PMID: 33958691 PMCID: PMC8102518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious viral illness generally manifests as a mild disease in young children and immunocompromised adults. It has however emerged as a significant public health threat in recent years as outbreaks have been occurring regularly, especially in the Asia–Pacific. The disease can result from infections by a wide variety of human enteroviruses, particularly, Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) has garnered more attention due to its association with severe disease in infected patients. Despite the potential to result severe neurological complications or even fatality, there is currently no effective antiviral for treatment of EV-A71 infections and the only vaccines available are restricted to distribution in China. In this study, we report the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of two candidate antiviral compounds active against EV-A71, a viral capsid inhibitor (G197) and a novel host-targeting phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III beta inhibitor (N373) which, especially when used in combination, can significantly improve the survival and pathology of infected mice.
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17
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Beziau A, Brand D, Piver E. The Role of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Kinases during Viral Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101124. [PMID: 33022924 PMCID: PMC7599803 DOI: 10.3390/v12101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides account for only a small proportion of cellular phospholipids, but have long been known to play an important role in diverse cellular processes, such as cell signaling, the establishment of organelle identity, and the regulation of cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics. As expected, given their pleiotropic regulatory functions, they have key functions in viral replication. The spatial restriction and steady-state levels of each phosphoinositide depend primarily on the concerted action of specific phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases. This review focuses on a number of remarkable examples of viral strategies involving phosphoinositide kinases to ensure effective viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beziau
- INSERM U1259, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Denys Brand
- INSERM U1259, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Virology Laboratory, Tours University Hospital, 3700 Tours, France
| | - Eric Piver
- INSERM U1259, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tours University Hospital, 3700 Tours, France
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18
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Li X, Wang M, Cheng A, Wen X, Ou X, Mao S, Gao Q, Sun D, Jia R, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhu D, Zhao X, Chen S, Liu M, Zhang S, Liu Y, Yu Y, Zhang L, Tian B, Pan L, Chen X. Enterovirus Replication Organelles and Inhibitors of Their Formation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1817. [PMID: 32973693 PMCID: PMC7468505 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviral replication reorganizes the cellular membrane. Upon infection, viral proteins and hijacked host factors generate unique structures called replication organelles (ROs) to replicate their viral genomes. ROs promote efficient viral genome replication, coordinate the steps of the viral replication cycle, and protect viral RNA from host immune responses. More recent researches have focused on the ultrastructure structures, formation mechanism, and functions in the virus life cycle of ROs. Dynamic model of enterovirus ROs structure is proposed, and the secretory pathway, the autophagy pathway, and lipid metabolism are found to be associated in the formation of ROs. With deeper understanding of ROs, some compounds have been found to show inhibitory effects on viral replication by targeting key proteins in the process of ROs formation. Here, we review the recent findings concerning the role, morphology, biogenesis, formation mechanism, and inhibitors of enterovirus ROs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Li
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingjian Wen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunya Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Leichang Pan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Boison S, Ding J, Leder E, Gjerde B, Bergtun PH, Norris A, Baranski M, Robinson N. QTLs Associated with Resistance to Cardiomyopathy Syndrome in Atlantic Salmon. J Hered 2020; 110:727-737. [PMID: 31287894 PMCID: PMC6785937 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) caused by piscine myocarditis virus is a major disease affecting the Norwegian Atlantic salmon industry. Three different populations of Atlantic salmon from the Mowi breeding program were used in this study. The first 2 populations (population 1 and 2) were naturally infected in a field outbreak, while the third population (population 3) went through a controlled challenged test. The aim of the study was to estimate the heritability, the genetic correlation between populations and perform genome-wide association analysis for resistance to this disease. Survival data from population 1 and 2 and heart atrium histology score data from population 3 was analyzed. A total of 571, 4312, and 901 fish from population 1, 2, and 3, respectively were genotyped with a noncommercial 55,735 Affymetrix marker panel. Genomic heritability ranged from 0.12 to 0.46 and the highest estimate was obtained from the challenge test dataset. The genetic correlation between populations was moderate (0.51–0.61). Two chromosomal regions (SSA27 and SSA12) contained single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with resistance to CMS. The highest association signal (P = 6.9751 × 10−27) was found on chromosome 27. Four genes with functional roles affecting viral resistance (magi1, pi4kb, bnip2, and ha1f) were found to map closely to the identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs). In conclusion, genetic variation for resistance to CMS was observed in all 3 populations. Two important quantitative trait loci were detected which together explain half of the total genetic variance, suggesting strong potential application for marker-assisted selection and genomic predictions to improve CMS resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Boison
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Nofima AS, Osloveien, Ås, Norway.,Mowi Genetics AS, Sandviken, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jingwen Ding
- Department of Aquaculture, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Erica Leder
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Nofima AS, Osloveien, Ås, Norway
| | - Bjarne Gjerde
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Nofima AS, Osloveien, Ås, Norway
| | - Per Helge Bergtun
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Nofima AS, Osloveien, Ås, Norway.,Mowi Genetics AS, Sandviken, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ashie Norris
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Nofima AS, Osloveien, Ås, Norway.,Mowi Genetics AS, Sandviken, Bergen, Norway
| | - Matthew Baranski
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Nofima AS, Osloveien, Ås, Norway.,Mowi Genetics AS, Sandviken, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nicholas Robinson
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory - Temperate and Tropical (SALTT), School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Colodette NM, Franco LS, Maia RC, Fokoue HH, Sant'Anna CMR, Barreiro EJ. Novel phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases III beta (PI4KIIIβ) inhibitors discovered by virtual screening using free energy models. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 34:1091-1103. [PMID: 32601839 PMCID: PMC7324290 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the LASSBio Chemical Library is presented as a valuable source of compounds for screening to identify hits suitable for subsequent hit-to-lead optimization stages. A feature of the LASSBio Chemical Library worth highlighting is the fact that it is a smart library designed by medicinal chemists with pharmacological activity as the main priority. The great majority of the compounds part of this library have shown in vivo activity in animal models, which is an indication that they possess overall favorable bioavailability properties and, hence, adequate pharmacokinetic profiles. This, in turn, is supported by the fact that approximately 85% of the compounds are compliant with Lipinski's rule of five and ca. 95% are compliant with Veber's rules, two important guidelines for oral bioavailability. In this work it is presented a virtual screening methodology combining a pharmacophore-based model and an empirical Gibbs free energy-based model for the ligand-protein interaction to explore the LASSBio Chemical Library as a source of new hits for the inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PI4KIIIβ) enzyme, which is related to the development of viral infections (including enteroviruses, SARS coronavirus, and hepatitis C virus), cancers and neurological diseases. The approach resulted in the identification of two hits, LASSBio-1799 (7) and LASSBio-1814 (10), which inhibited the target enzyme with IC50 values of 3.66 μM and IC50 and 6.09 μM, respectively. This study also enabled the determination of the structural requirements for interactions with the active site of PI4KIIIβ, demonstrating the importance of both acceptor and donor hydrogen bonding groups for forming interactions with binding site residues Val598 and Lys549.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Colodette
- LASSBio - Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, ZIP 21941-910, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Franco
- LASSBio - Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, ZIP 21941-910, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo C Maia
- LASSBio - Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, ZIP 21941-910, Brazil
| | - Harold H Fokoue
- LASSBio - Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, ZIP 21941-910, Brazil
| | - Carlos Mauricio R Sant'Anna
- LASSBio - Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, ZIP 21941-910, Brazil.,Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR465, km 7, Seropédica, RJ, ZIP 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Eliezer J Barreiro
- LASSBio - Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, ZIP 21941-910, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Programa de Pesquisas em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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21
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Islinger M, Costello JL, Kors S, Soupene E, Levine TP, Kuypers FA, Schrader M. The diversity of ACBD proteins - From lipid binding to protein modulators and organelle tethers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118675. [PMID: 32044385 PMCID: PMC7057175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of the large multigene family of acyl-CoA binding domain containing proteins (ACBDs) share a conserved motif required for binding of Coenzyme A esterified fatty acids of various chain length. These proteins are present in the three kingdoms of life, and despite their predicted roles in cellular lipid metabolism, knowledge about the precise functions of many ACBD proteins remains scarce. Interestingly, several ACBD proteins are now suggested to function at organelle contact sites, and are recognized as host interaction proteins for different pathogens including viruses and bacteria. Here, we present a thorough phylogenetic analysis of the ACBD family and discuss their structure and evolution. We summarize recent findings on the various functions of animal and fungal ACBDs with particular focus on peroxisomes, the role of ACBD proteins at organelle membranes, and their increasing recognition as targets for pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Manheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joseph L Costello
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK
| | - Suzan Kors
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK
| | - Eric Soupene
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | | | - Frans A Kuypers
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Michael Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK.
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22
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Lu Y, Song S, Zhang L. Emerging Role for Acyl-CoA Binding Domain Containing 3 at Membrane Contact Sites During Viral Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:608. [PMID: 32322249 PMCID: PMC7156584 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl-coenzyme A binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3) is a multifunctional protein residing in the Golgi apparatus and is involved in several signaling pathways. The current knowledge on ACBD3 has been extended to virology. ACBD3 has recently emerged as a key factor subverted by viruses, including kobuvirus, enterovirus, and hepatitis C virus. The ACBD3-PI4KB complex is critical for the role of ACBD3 in viral replication. In most cases, ACBD3 plays a positive role in viral infection. ACBD3 associates with viral 3A proteins from a variety of Picornaviridae family members at membrane contact sites (MCSs), which are used by diverse viruses to ensure lipid transfer to replication organelles (ROs). In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the involvement of ACBD3 in viral infection at MCSs. Our review will highlight the current research and reveal potential avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Institute of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Siqi Song
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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23
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Delang L, Harak C, Benkheil M, Khan H, Leyssen P, Andrews M, Lohmann V, Neyts J. PI4KIII inhibitor enviroxime impedes the replication of the hepatitis C virus by inhibiting PI3 kinases. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:3375-3384. [PMID: 30219827 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Many positive-stranded RNA viruses, including HCV, drastically remodel intracellular membranes to generate specialized environments for RNA replication. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III (PI4KIII)α plays an essential role in the formation of HCV replication complexes and has therefore been explored as a potential drug target. Here, we characterized the anti-HCV activity of the PI4KIII inhibitors enviroxime and BF738735 and elucidated their mechanism of action. Methods Antiviral assays were performed using HCV subgenomic replicons and infectious HCV. Enviroxime- and BF738735-resistant HCV replicons were generated by long-term culture with increasing compound concentrations. Intracellular localization of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) lipids was analysed by confocal microscopy. Results HCV subgenomic replicons resistant to either enviroxime or BF738735 proved cross-resistant and carried mutations in the NS3, NS4B and NS5A genes. Knockdown of PI4KIIIβ by small interfering RNA (siRNA) did not affect the replication of the HCV subgenomic replicon in this study. Furthermore, the compounds did not affect PI4P lipid levels at the replication complexes nor the phosphorylation status of NS5A, activities attributed to PI4KIIIα. Interestingly, the broad-spectrum phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 proved to be 10-fold less effective against the resistant replicons. In addition, enviroxime and BF738735 inhibited several PI3Ks in enzymatic assays. Conclusions Contrary to assumptions, our data indicate that PI4KIIIα and PI4KIIIβ are not the main targets for the anti-HCV activity of enviroxime and BF738735. Instead, we demonstrated that both molecules impede HCV replication at least partially by an inhibitory effect on PI3Ks. Moreover, HCV is able to bypass PI3K inhibition by acquiring mutations in its genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Delang
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Harak
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohammed Benkheil
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hayat Khan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Volker Lohmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Huang L, Yue J. The interplay of autophagy and enterovirus. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 101:12-19. [PMID: 31563390 PMCID: PMC7102577 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutional conserved lysosomal degradation process, has been implicated to play an important role in cellular defense against a variety of microbial infection. Interestingly, numerous studies found that some pathogens, especially positive-single-strand RNA viruses, actually hijacked autophagy machinery to promote virus infection within host cells, facilitating different stages of viral life cycle, from replication, assembly to egress. Enterovirus, a genus of positive-strand RNA virus, can cause various human diseases and is one of main public health threat globally, yet no effective clinical intervention is available for enterovirus infection. Here we summarized recent literature on how enteroviruses regulate and utilize autophagy process to facilitate their propagation in the host cells. The studies on the interplay between enterovirus and autophagy not only shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying how enterovirus hijacks cellular components and pathway for its own benefits, but also provide therapeutic option against enterovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Huang
- City University of Hong Kong ShenZhen Research Institute, ShenZhen, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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25
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Arita M, Bigay J. Poliovirus Evolution toward Independence from the Phosphatidylinositol-4 Kinase III β/Oxysterol-Binding Protein Family I Pathway. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:962-973. [PMID: 30919621 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase III β (PI4KB) and oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) family I provide a conserved host pathway required for enterovirus replication. Here, we analyze the role and essentiality of this pathway in enterovirus replication. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) production and cholesterol accumulation in the replication organelle (RO) are severely suppressed in cells infected with a poliovirus (PV) mutant isolated from a PI4KB-knockout cell line (RD[Δ PI4KB]). Major determinants of the mutant for infectivity in RD(Δ PI4KB) cells map to the A5270U(3A-R54W) and U3881C(2B-F17L) mutations. The 3A mutation is required for PI4KB-independent development of RO. The 2B mutation rather sensitizes PV to PI4KB/OSBP inhibitors by itself but confers substantially complete resistance to the inhibitors with the 3A mutation. The 2B mutation also confers hypersensitivity to interferon alpha treatment on PV. These suggest that the PI4KB/OSBP pathway is not necessarily essential for enterovirus replication in vitro. This work supports a two-step resistance model of enterovirus to PI4KB/OSBP inhibitors involving unique recessive epistasis of 3A and 2B and offers insights into a potential evolutionary pathway of enterovirus toward independence from the PI4KB/OSBP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minetaro Arita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Joëlle Bigay
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des lucioles, Valbonne 06560, France
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26
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Yue X, Qian Y, Gim B, Lee I. Acyl-CoA-Binding Domain-Containing 3 (ACBD3; PAP7; GCP60): A Multi-Functional Membrane Domain Organizer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082028. [PMID: 31022988 PMCID: PMC6514682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing 3 (ACBD3) is a multi-functional scaffolding protein, which has been associated with a diverse array of cellular functions, including steroidogenesis, embryogenesis, neurogenesis, Huntington’s disease (HD), membrane trafficking, and viral/bacterial proliferation in infected host cells. In this review, we aim to give a timely overview of recent findings on this protein, including its emerging role in membrane domain organization at the Golgi and the mitochondria. We hope that this review provides readers with useful insights on how ACBD3 may contribute to membrane domain organization along the secretory pathway and on the cytoplasmic surface of intracellular organelles, which influence many important physiological and pathophysiological processes in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihua Yue
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Yi Qian
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Bopil Gim
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Intaek Lee
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
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27
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Galindo I, Cuesta-Geijo MÁ, Del Puerto A, Soriano E, Alonso C. Lipid Exchange Factors at Membrane Contact Sites in African Swine Fever Virus Infection. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030199. [PMID: 30813555 PMCID: PMC6466349 DOI: 10.3390/v11030199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a hemorrhagic fever of wild and domestic pigs with a high rate of mortality. Originally endemic in Africa, this disease is currently disseminating in Europe and China, causing a large socioeconomic impact. ASF is caused by a DNA virus, African swine fever virus (ASFV). There is no vaccine available against ASFV, limiting the options for disease control. ASFV reorganizes intracellular membranes to generate viral factories (VFs) in order to amplify its genome. However, little is known about the process involved in the formation of these viral replication organelles. Membrane contact sites (MCSs) allow nonvesicular lipids and ion exchange between organelles. Lipid exchange to form VFs apparently requires a number of proteins at MCSs, such as the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP), the acyl-coenzyme A binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3) and the phosphatidylinositol-phosphate-4-kinase III beta (PI4Kβ). Itraconazole (ITZ) is an antifungal agent that targets sterol-transport molecules such as OSBP and OSBP-related protein 4 (ORP4). 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) inhibits lipid transport by high affinity binding OSBP. In this work, we analyzed the antiviral function of ITZ and 25-HC against ASFV in Vero cell cultures using the cell-adapted Ba71V isolate. ITZ and 25-HC decreased significantly ASFV replication. Our study revealed OSBP distribution in cytoplasmic membranes in uninfected Vero cells and to the periphery of VFs in infected cells. In addition, we showed that OSBP and OSBP-related proteins, PI4Kβ and ACBD3 were recruited to VFs in the context ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Galindo
- Department Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Cuesta-Geijo
- Department Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Del Puerto
- Department Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva Soriano
- Department Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Covadonga Alonso
- Department Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Abstract
Successful viral infection, as well as any resultant antiviral response, relies on numerous sequential interactions between host and viral factors. These interactions can take the form of affinity-based interactions between viral and host macromolecules or active, enzyme-based interactions, consisting both of direct enzyme activity performed by viral enzymes and indirect modulation of the activity of the host cell's enzymes via viral interference. This activity has the potential to transform the local microenvironment to the benefit or detriment of both the virus and the host, favouring either the continuation of the viral life cycle or the host's antiviral response. Comprehensive characterisation of enzymatic activity during viral infection is therefore necessary for the understanding of virally induced diseases. Activity-based protein profiling techniques have been established as effective and practicable tools with which to interrogate the regulation of enzymes' catalytic activity and the roles played by these enzymes in various cell processes. This paper will review the contributions of these techniques in characterising the roles of both host and viral enzymes during viral infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F. Cravatt
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Ku-Lung Hsu
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Eranthie Weerapana
- grid.208226.c0000 0004 0444 7053Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA USA
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29
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Reuberson J, Horsley H, Franklin RJ, Ford D, Neuss J, Brookings D, Huang Q, Vanderhoydonck B, Gao LJ, Jang MY, Herdewijn P, Ghawalkar A, Fallah-Arani F, Khan AR, Henshall J, Jairaj M, Malcolm S, Ward E, Shuttleworth L, Lin Y, Li S, Louat T, Waer M, Herman J, Payne A, Ceska T, Doyle C, Pitt W, Calmiano M, Augustin M, Steinbacher S, Lammens A, Allen R. Discovery of a Potent, Orally Bioavailable PI4KIIIβ Inhibitor (UCB9608) Able To Significantly Prolong Allogeneic Organ Engraftment in Vivo. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6705-6723. [PMID: 29952567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The primary target of a novel series of immunosuppressive 7-piperazin-1-ylthiazolo[5,4- d]pyrimidin-5-amines was identified as the lipid kinase, PI4KIIIβ. Evaluation of the series highlighted their poor solubility and unwanted off-target activities. A medicinal chemistry strategy was put in place to optimize physicochemical properties within the series, while maintaining potency and improving selectivity over other lipid kinases. Compound 22 was initially identified and profiled in vivo, before further modifications led to the discovery of 44 (UCB9608), a vastly more soluble, selective compound with improved metabolic stability and excellent pharmacokinetic profile. A co-crystal structure of 44 with PI4KIIIβ was solved, confirming the binding mode of this class of inhibitor. The much-improved in vivo profile of 44 positions it as an ideal tool compound to further establish the link between PI4KIIIβ inhibition and prolonged allogeneic organ engraftment, and suppression of immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Reuberson
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | - Helen Horsley
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Franklin
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ford
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | - Judi Neuss
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Brookings
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | - Qiuya Huang
- Interface Valorization Platform , KU Leuven , Campus St.-Rafaël, Blok I, 8°, Kapucijnenvoer 33 B 7001 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Bart Vanderhoydonck
- Interface Valorization Platform , KU Leuven , Campus St.-Rafaël, Blok I, 8°, Kapucijnenvoer 33 B 7001 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Ling-Jie Gao
- Interface Valorization Platform , KU Leuven , Campus St.-Rafaël, Blok I, 8°, Kapucijnenvoer 33 B 7001 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Mi-Yeon Jang
- Interface Valorization Platform , KU Leuven , Campus St.-Rafaël, Blok I, 8°, Kapucijnenvoer 33 B 7001 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Interface Valorization Platform , KU Leuven , Campus St.-Rafaël, Blok I, 8°, Kapucijnenvoer 33 B 7001 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Anant Ghawalkar
- SAI Life Sciences Ltd , International Biotech Park , Hinjewadi, Pune 411 057 , India
| | | | - Adnan R Khan
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Henshall
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | - Mark Jairaj
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Malcolm
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Ward
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | | | - Yuan Lin
- Interface Valorization Platform , KU Leuven , Campus St.-Rafaël, Blok I, 8°, Kapucijnenvoer 33 B 7001 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Shengqiao Li
- Interface Valorization Platform , KU Leuven , Campus St.-Rafaël, Blok I, 8°, Kapucijnenvoer 33 B 7001 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Thierry Louat
- Interface Valorization Platform , KU Leuven , Campus St.-Rafaël, Blok I, 8°, Kapucijnenvoer 33 B 7001 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Mark Waer
- Interface Valorization Platform , KU Leuven , Campus St.-Rafaël, Blok I, 8°, Kapucijnenvoer 33 B 7001 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jean Herman
- Interface Valorization Platform , KU Leuven , Campus St.-Rafaël, Blok I, 8°, Kapucijnenvoer 33 B 7001 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Andrew Payne
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | - Tom Ceska
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | - Carl Doyle
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | - Will Pitt
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | - Mark Calmiano
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | - Martin Augustin
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH , Bunsenstrasse 7a , 82152 Martinsried , Germany
| | - Stefan Steinbacher
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH , Bunsenstrasse 7a , 82152 Martinsried , Germany
| | - Alfred Lammens
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH , Bunsenstrasse 7a , 82152 Martinsried , Germany
| | - Rodger Allen
- UCB Pharma , 208 Bath Road , Slough , Berkshire SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
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30
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Desrochers GF, Cornacchia C, McKay CS, Pezacki JP. Activity-Based Phosphatidylinositol Kinase Probes Detect Changes to Protein-Protein Interactions During Hepatitis C Virus Replication. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:752-757. [PMID: 29509402 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are integral to host-virus interactions and can contribute significantly to enzyme regulation by changing the localization of both host and viral enzymes within the cell, inducing conformational change relevant to enzyme activity or recruiting other additional proteins to form functional complexes. Identifying the interactors of active enzymes using an activity-based protein profiling probe has allowed us to characterize both normal enzyme activation mechanisms and the manner by which these mechanisms are hijacked and altered by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Here, we report use of a novel activity-based probe, PIKBPyne, which labels phosphatidylinositol kinases (PIKs) in an activity-based manner, to investigate HCV-dependent changes in protein-protein interactions for PI4KB. Herein, we report the synthesis of new variations on PIKBPyne, compare their ability to label the interacting partners of PI4KB, and demonstrate the utility of our approach in characterizing virus-mediated changes to host function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève F. Desrochers
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Christina Cornacchia
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Craig S. McKay
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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31
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Del Bel LM, Brill JA. Sac1, a lipid phosphatase at the interface of vesicular and nonvesicular transport. Traffic 2018; 19:301-318. [PMID: 29411923 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The lipid phosphatase Sac1 dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), thereby holding levels of this crucial membrane signaling molecule in check. Sac1 regulates multiple cellular processes, including cytoskeletal organization, membrane trafficking and cell signaling. Here, we review the structure and regulation of Sac1, its roles in cell signaling and development and its links to health and disease. Remarkably, many of the diverse roles attributed to Sac1 can be explained by the recent discovery of its requirement at membrane contact sites, where its consumption of PI4P is proposed to drive interorganelle transfer of other cellular lipids, thereby promoting normal lipid homeostasis within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Del Bel
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie A Brill
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Abstract
The Aichi RNA virus remodels host membranes by conscripting two host proteins, PI4KIIIβ (to generate PI4P in the remodeled vesicle) and ACBD3 (that tightly binds PI4KIIIβ), and localizing them on target membranes via Aichi protein 3A. In this issue of Structure, McPhail et al. (2017) reveal structural glimpses of the interfaces involved in this protein threesome using HDX-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
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Barriocanal M, Fortes P. Long Non-coding RNAs in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Cells. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1833. [PMID: 29033906 PMCID: PMC5625025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) often leads to a chronic infection in the liver that may progress to steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several viral and cellular factors are required for a productive infection and for the development of liver disease. Some of these are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) deregulated in infected cells. After HCV infection, the sequence and the structure of the viral RNA genome are sensed to activate interferon (IFN) synthesis and signaling pathways. These antiviral pathways regulate transcription of several cellular lncRNAs. Some of these are also deregulated in response to viral replication. Certain viral proteins and/or viral replication can activate transcription factors such as MYC, SP1, NRF2, or HIF1α that modulate the expression of additional cellular lncRNAs. Interestingly, several lncRNAs deregulated in HCV-infected cells described so far play proviral or antiviral functions by acting as positive or negative regulators of the IFN system, while others help in the development of liver cirrhosis and HCC. The study of the structure and mechanism of action of these lncRNAs may aid in the development of novel strategies to treat infectious and immune pathologies and liver diseases such as cirrhosis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Puri Fortes
- Department of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Arita M, Dobrikov G, Pürstinger G, Galabov AS. Allosteric Regulation of Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase III Beta by an Antipicornavirus Compound MDL-860. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:585-594. [PMID: 28605587 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MDL-860 is a broad-spectrum antipicornavirus compound discovered in 1982 and one of the few promising candidates effective in in vivo virus infection. Despite the effectiveness, the target and the mechanism of action of MDL-860 remain unknown. Here, we have characterized antipoliovirus activity of MDL-860 and identified host phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase III beta (PI4KB) as the target. MDL-860 treatment caused covalent modification and irreversible inactivation of PI4KB. A cysteine residue at amino acid 646 of PI4KB, which locates at the bottom of a surface pocket apart from the active site, was identified as the target site of MDL-860. This work reveals the mechanism of action of this class of PI4KB inhibitors and offers insights into novel allosteric regulation of PI4KB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minetaro Arita
- Department
of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Georgi Dobrikov
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Academician Georgi Bonchev Street, Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gerhard Pürstinger
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angel S. Galabov
- The
Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Academician Georgi Bonchev Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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35
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Tassini S, Sun L, Lanko K, Crespan E, Langron E, Falchi F, Kissova M, Armijos-Rivera JI, Delang L, Mirabelli C, Neyts J, Pieroni M, Cavalli A, Costantino G, Maga G, Vergani P, Leyssen P, Radi M. Discovery of Multitarget Agents Active as Broad-Spectrum Antivirals and Correctors of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator for Associated Pulmonary Diseases. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1400-1416. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Tassini
- P4T Group, Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Liang Sun
- Laboratory
of Virology and Experimental Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristina Lanko
- Laboratory
of Virology and Experimental Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emily Langron
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E
6BT London, U.K
| | - Federico Falchi
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy
and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Miroslava Kissova
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Leen Delang
- Laboratory
of Virology and Experimental Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Mirabelli
- Laboratory
of Virology and Experimental Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- Laboratory
of Virology and Experimental Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Pieroni
- P4T Group, Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy
and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Costantino
- P4T Group, Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Vergani
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E
6BT London, U.K
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- Laboratory
of Virology and Experimental Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Radi
- P4T Group, Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Abstract
Since the beginning of Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988, poliomyelitis cases caused by wild poliovirus (PV) have been drastically reduced, with only 74 cases reported in 2 endemic countries in 2015. The current limited PV transmission suggests that we are in the endgame of the polio eradication program. However, specific challenges have emerged in the endgame, including tight budget, switching of the vaccines, and changes in biorisk management of PV. To overcome these challenges, several PV studies have been implemented in the eradication program. Some of the responses to the emerging challenges in the polio endgame might be valuable in other infectious diseases eradication programs. Here, I will review challenges that confront the polio eradication program and current research to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minetaro Arita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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37
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Phosphorylation of Golgi Peripheral Membrane Protein Grasp65 Is an Integral Step in the Formation of the Human Cytomegalovirus Cytoplasmic Assembly Compartment. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.01554-16. [PMID: 27703074 PMCID: PMC5050342 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01554-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the largest member of the Herpesviridae and represents a significant cause of disease. During virus replication, HCMV alters cellular functions to facilitate its replication, including significant reorganization of the secretory and endocytic pathways of the infected cell. A defining morphologic change of the infected cell is the formation of a membranous structure in the cytoplasm that is designated the virion assembly compartment (AC), which consists of virion structural proteins surrounded by cellular membranes. The loss of normal Golgi compartment morphology and its relocalization from a juxtanuclear ribbonlike structure to a series of concentric rings on the periphery of the AC represents a readily recognized reorganization of cellular membranes in the HCMV-infected cell. Although trafficking of viral proteins to this compartment is required for the assembly of infectious virions, the functional significance of the reorganization of intracellular membranes like the Golgi membranes into the AC in the assembly of infectious virus remains understudied. In this study, we determined that Golgi membrane ribbon fragmentation increased during the early cytoplasmic phase of virion assembly and that Golgi membrane fragmentation in infected cells was dependent on the phosphorylation of an integral cis-Golgi protein, Grasp65. Inhibition of Golgi membrane fragmentation and of its reorganization into the AC resulted in decreased production of infectious particles and alteration of the incorporation of an essential protein into the envelope of the mature virion. These results demonstrated the complexity of the virus-host cell interactions required for efficient assembly of this large DNA virus. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-induced reorganization of intracellular membranes that is required for the formation of the viral assembly compartment (AC) has been an area of study over the last 20 years. The significance of this virus-induced structure has been evinced by the results of several studies which showed that relocalization of viral proteins to the AC was required for efficient assembly of infectious virus. In this study, we have identified a mechanism for the fragmentation of the Golgi ribbon in the infected cell en route to AC morphogenesis. Identification of this fundamental process during HCMV replication allowed us to propose that the functional role of Golgi membrane reorganization during HCMV infection was the concentration of viral structural proteins and subviral structures into a single intracellular compartment in order to facilitate efficient protein-protein interactions and the virion protein trafficking required for the assembly of this large and structurally complex virus.
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ISG12a Restricts Hepatitis C Virus Infection through the Ubiquitination-Dependent Degradation Pathway. J Virol 2016; 90:6832-45. [PMID: 27194766 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00352-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interferons (IFNs) restrict various kinds of viral infection via induction of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), while the functions of the majority of ISGs are broadly unclear. Here, we show that a high-IFN-inducible gene, ISG12a (also known as IFI27), exhibits a nonapoptotic antiviral effect on hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Viral NS5A protein is targeted specifically by ISG12a, which mediates NS5A degradation via a ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal pathway. K374R mutation in NS5A domain III abrogates ISG12a-induced ubiquitination and degradation of NS5A. S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is identified as an ubiquitin E3 ligase for NS5A. ISG12a functions as a crucial adaptor that promotes SKP2 to interact with and degrade viral protein. Moreover, the antiviral effect of ISG12a is dependent on the E3 ligase activity of SKP2. These findings uncover an intriguing mechanism by which ISG12a restricts viral infection and provide clues for understanding the actions of innate immunity. IMPORTANCE Upon virus invasion, IFNs induce numerous ISGs to control viral spread, while the functions of the majority of ISGs are broadly unclear. The present study shows a novel antiviral mechanism of ISGs and elucidated that ISG12a recruits an E3 ligase, SKP2, for ubiquitination and degradation of viral protein and restricts viral infection. These findings provide important insights into exploring the working principles of innate immunity.
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39
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Berryman S, Moffat K, Harak C, Lohmann V, Jackson T. Foot-and-mouth disease virus replicates independently of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and type III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:1841-1852. [PMID: 27093462 PMCID: PMC5156328 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Picornaviruses form replication complexes in association with membranes in structures called replication organelles. Common themes to emerge from studies of picornavirus replication are the need for cholesterol and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P). In infected cells, type III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4KIIIs) generate elevated levels of PI4P, which is then exchanged for cholesterol at replication organelles. For the enteroviruses, replication organelles form at Golgi membranes in a process that utilizes PI4KIIIβ. Other picornaviruses, for example the cardioviruses, are believed to initiate replication at the endoplasmic reticulum and subvert PI4KIIIα to generate PI4P. Here we investigated the role of PI4KIII in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) replication. Our results showed that, in contrast to the enteroviruses and the cardioviruses, FMDV replication does not require PI4KIII (PI4KIIIα and PI4KIIIβ), and PI4P levels do not increase in FMDV-infected cells and PI4P is not seen at replication organelles. These results point to a unique requirement towards lipids at the FMDV replication membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Berryman
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Katy Moffat
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Christian Harak
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Lohmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Terry Jackson
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
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40
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Arita M, Philipov S, Galabov AS. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III beta is the target of oxoglaucine and pachypodol (Ro 09-0179) for their anti-poliovirus activities, and is located at upstream of the target step of brefeldin A. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 59:338-47. [PMID: 25891300 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III beta (PI4KB) has emerged as a conserved target of anti-picornavirus compounds. In the present study, PI4KB was identified as the direct target of the plant-derived anti-picornavirus compounds, oxoglaucine and pachypodol (also known as Ro 09-0179). PI4KB was also identified as the target via which pachypodol interferes with brefeldin A (BFA)-induced Golgi disassembly in non-infected cells. Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) inhibitor also has interfering activity against BFA. It seems that this interference is not essential for the anti-poliovirus (PV) activities of BFA and PI4KB/OSBP inhibitors. BFA inhibited early to late phase PV replication (0 to 6 hr postinfection) as well as PI4KB inhibitor, but with some delay compared to guanidine hydrochloride treatment. In contrast with PI4KB/OSBP inhibitors, BFA inhibited viral nascent RNA synthesis, suggesting that BFA targets some step of viral RNA synthesis located downstream of the PI4KB/OSBP pathway in PV replication. Our results suggest that PI4KB is a major target of anti-picornavirus compounds identified in vitro for their anti-picornavirus activities and for some uncharacterized biological phenomena caused by these compounds, and that BFA and PI4KB/OSBP inhibitors synergistically repress PV replication by targeting distinct steps in viral RNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minetaro Arita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011
| | - Stefan Philipov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Academician Georgi Bonchev Street, Bl.9-1113
| | - Angel S Galabov
- Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Academician Georgi Bonchev Street, BG-1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
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41
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Arita M. Mechanism of Poliovirus Resistance to Host Phosphatidylinositol-4 Kinase III β Inhibitor. ACS Infect Dis 2016; 2:140-8. [PMID: 27624965 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase III β (PI4KB) and oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) family I have been identified as the major targets of anti-enterovirus drug candidates. Resistance mutations in poliovirus (PV) to these inhibitors have been identified in viral 3A protein, represented by a G5318A (3A-Ala70Thr) mutation, but the mechanism of viral resistance to host PI4KB/OSBP inhibitors remained unknown. In this study, we found that a G5318A mutation enhances the basal levels of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) and of the 3A protein and decreases the levels of the 3AB protein during PV replication. The 3A protein acted as a major effector responsible for the resistance to PI4KB inhibitor, but did not enhance the PI4KB activity in vitro in contrast to the 2C, 2BC, 3AB, and 3D proteins. The 3AB protein acted as the primary target of a G5318A mutation and also as an effector. We identified novel resistance mutations to a PI4KB inhibitor [C5151U (3A-T14M) and C5366U (3A-H86Y) mutations] and found that there is a positive correlation between the extent of the resistance phenotype and the levels of the 3A proteins. These results suggested that the 3A protein overproduced by enhanced processing of the 3AB protein with the resistance mutations overcomes the inhibitory effect of PI4KB inhibitor on PV replication independently of the hyperactivation of the PI4KB/OSBP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minetaro Arita
- Department
of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
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42
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Malkovskiy AV, Wagh DA, Longo FM, Rajadas J. A strategy for analyzing bond strength and interaction kinetics between Pleckstrin homology domains and PI(4,5)P2 phospholipids using force distance spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance. Analyst 2016; 140:4558-65. [PMID: 26040325 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00498e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids are important membrane components involved in diverse biological activities ranging from cell signaling to infection by viral particles. A thorough understanding of protein-phospholipid interaction dynamics is thus crucial for deciphering basic cellular processes as well as for targeted drug discovery. For any specific phospholipid-protein binding experiment, various groups have reported different binding constants, which are strongly dependent on applied conditions of interactions. Here, we report a method for accurate determination of the binding affinity and specificity between proteins and phospholipids using a model interaction between PLC-δ1/PH and phosphoinositide phospholipid PtdIns(4,5)P2. We developed an accurate Force Distance Spectroscopy (FDS)-based assay and have attempted to resolve the problem of variation in the observed binding constant by directly measuring the bond force. We confirm the FDS findings of a high bond strength of ∼0.19 ± 0.04 nN by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) data analysis, segregating non-specific interactions, which show a significantly lower K(D) suggesting tight binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Malkovskiy
- Stanford BioADD Laboratory, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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43
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Cottarel J, Plissonnier ML, Kullolli M, Pitteri S, Clément S, Millarte V, Si-Ahmed SN, Farhan H, Zoulim F, Parent R. FIG4 is a hepatitis C virus particle-bound protein implicated in virion morphogenesis and infectivity with cholesteryl ester modulation potential. J Gen Virol 2015; 97:69-81. [PMID: 26519381 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that virus particles also contain host cell proteins, which provide viruses with certain properties required for entry and release. A proteomic analysis performed on double-gradient-purified hepatitis C virus (HCV) from two highly viraemic patients identified the phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase FIG4 (KIAA0274) as part of the viral particles. We validated the association using immunoelectron microscopy, immunoprecipitation and neutralization assays in vitro as well as patient-derived virus particles. RNA interference-mediated reduction of FIG4 expression decreased cholesteryl ester (CE) levels along with intra- and extracellular viral infectivity without affecting HCV RNA levels. Likewise, overexpressing FIG4 increased intracellular CE levels as well as intra- and extracellular viral infectivity without affecting viral RNA levels. Triglyceride levels and lipid droplet (LD) parameters remained unaffected. The 3,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase active site of FIG4 was found to strongly condition these results. Whilst FIG4 was found to localize to areas corresponding to viral assembly sites, at the immediate vicinity of LDs in calnexin-positive and HCV core-positive regions, no implication of FIG4 in the secretory pathway of the hepatocytes could be found using either FIG4-null mice, in vitro morphometry or functional assays of the ERGIC/Golgi compartments. This indicates that FIG4-dependent modulation of HCV infectivity is unrelated to alterations in the functionality of the secretory pathway. As a result of the documented implication of CE in the composition and infectivity of HCV particles, these results suggest that FIG4 binds to HCV and modulates particle formation in a CE-related manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cottarel
- Pathogenesis of Hepatitis B and C - DEVweCAN LabEx, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Laure Plissonnier
- Pathogenesis of Hepatitis B and C - DEVweCAN LabEx, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Majlinda Kullolli
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sharon Pitteri
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sophie Clément
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Hesso Farhan
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany.,Hôpital d'Orléans, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Pathogenesis of Hepatitis B and C - DEVweCAN LabEx, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Hépatogastroentérologie, 69001 Lyon, France
| | - Romain Parent
- Pathogenesis of Hepatitis B and C - DEVweCAN LabEx, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
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44
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Boura E, Nencka R. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases: Function, structure, and inhibition. Exp Cell Res 2015; 337:136-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Identification of Host Cell Factors Associated with Astrovirus Replication in Caco-2 Cells. J Virol 2015; 89:10359-70. [PMID: 26246569 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01225-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Astroviruses are small, nonenveloped viruses with a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome causing acute gastroenteritis in children and immunocompromised patients. Since positive-sense RNA viruses have frequently been found to replicate in association with membranous structures, in this work we characterized the replication of the human astrovirus serotype 8 strain Yuc8 in Caco-2 cells, using density gradient centrifugation and free-flow zonal electrophoresis (FFZE) to fractionate cellular membranes. Structural and nonstructural viral proteins, positive- and negative-sense viral RNA, and infectious virus particles were found to be associated with a distinct population of membranes separated by FFZE. The cellular proteins associated with this membrane population in infected and mock-infected cells were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. The results indicated that membranes derived from multiple cell organelles were present in the population. Gene ontology and protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that groups of proteins with roles in fatty acid synthesis and ATP biosynthesis were highly enriched in the fractions of this population in infected cells. Based on this information, we investigated by RNA interference the role that some of the identified proteins might have in the replication cycle of the virus. Silencing of the expression of genes involved in cholesterol (DHCR7, CYP51A1) and fatty acid (FASN) synthesis, phosphatidylinositol (PI4KIIIβ) and inositol phosphate (ITPR3) metabolism, and RNA helicase activity (DDX23) significantly decreased the amounts of Yuc8 genomic and antigenomic RNA, synthesis of the structural protein VP90, and virus yield. These results strongly suggest that astrovirus RNA replication and particle assembly take place in association with modified membranes potentially derived from multiple cell organelles. IMPORTANCE Astroviruses are common etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis in children and immunocompromised patients. More recently, they have been associated with neurological diseases in mammals, including humans, and are also responsible for different pathologies in birds. In this work, we provide evidence that astrovirus RNA replication and virus assembly occur in contact with cell membranes potentially derived from multiple cell organelles and show that membrane-associated cellular proteins involved in lipid metabolism are required for efficient viral replication. Our findings provide information to enhance our knowledge of astrovirus biology and provide information that might be useful for the development of therapeutic interventions to prevent virus replication.
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46
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Esser‐Nobis K, Harak C, Schult P, Kusov Y, Lohmann V. Novel perspectives for hepatitis A virus therapy revealed by comparative analysis of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis A virus RNA replication. Hepatology 2015; 62:397-408. [PMID: 25866017 PMCID: PMC7165973 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are two positive-strand RNA viruses sharing a similar biology, but causing opposing infection outcomes, with HAV always being cleared and HCV establishing persistence in the majority of infections. To gain deeper insight into determinants of replication, persistence, and treatment, we established a homogenous cell-culture model allowing a thorough comparison of RNA replication of both viruses. By screening different human liver-derived cell lines with subgenomic reporter replicons of HAV as well as of different HCV genotypes, we found that Huh7-Lunet cells supported HAV- and HCV-RNA replication with similar efficiency and limited interference between both replicases. HAV and HCV replicons were similarly sensitive to interferon (IFN), but differed in their ability to establish persistent replication in cell culture. In contrast to HCV, HAV replicated independently from microRNA-122 and phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIα and β (PI4KIII). Both viruses were efficiently inhibited by cyclosporin A and NIM811, a nonimmunosuppressive analog thereof, suggesting an overlapping dependency on cyclophilins for replication. However, analysis of a broader set of inhibitors revealed that, in contrast to HCV, HAV does not depend on cyclophilin A, but rather on adenosine-triphosphate-binding cassette transporters and FK506-binding proteins. Finally, silibinin, but not its modified intravenous formulation, efficiently inhibited HAV genome replication in vitro, suggesting oral silibinin as a potential therapeutic option for HAV infections. CONCLUSION We established a cell-culture model enabling comparative studies on RNA replication of HAV and HCV in a homogenous cellular background with comparable replication efficiency. We thereby identified new host cell targets and potential treatment options for HAV and set the ground for future studies to unravel determinants of clearance and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Esser‐Nobis
- Department of Infectious DiseasesMolecular Virology, University of HeidelbergGermany
| | - Christian Harak
- Department of Infectious DiseasesMolecular Virology, University of HeidelbergGermany
| | - Philipp Schult
- Department of Infectious DiseasesMolecular Virology, University of HeidelbergGermany
| | - Yuri Kusov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University of LübeckGermany
| | - Volker Lohmann
- Department of Infectious DiseasesMolecular Virology, University of HeidelbergGermany
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47
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Raubo P, Andrews DM, McKelvie JC, Robb GR, Smith JM, Swarbrick ME, Waring MJ. Discovery of potent, selective small molecule inhibitors of α-subtype of type III phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase (PI4KIIIα). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3189-93. [PMID: 26087940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and optimisation of novel, potent and selective small molecule inhibitors of the α-isoform of type III phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase (PI4Kα) are described. Lead compounds show cellular activity consistent with their PI4Kα potency inhibiting the accumulation of IP1 after PDGF stimulation and reducing cellular PIP, PIP2 and PIP3 levels. Hence, these compounds are useful in vitro tools to delineate the complex biological pathways involved in signalling through PI4Kα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Raubo
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK.
| | - David M Andrews
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Jennifer C McKelvie
- Cancer Research Technology, London BioScience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK
| | - Graeme R Robb
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - James M Smith
- AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK; Cancer Research Technology, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Martin E Swarbrick
- Cancer Research Technology, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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48
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Martinez JP, Sasse F, Brönstrup M, Diez J, Meyerhans A. Antiviral drug discovery: broad-spectrum drugs from nature. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:29-48. [PMID: 25315648 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00085d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to April 2014. The development of drugs with broad-spectrum antiviral activities is a long pursued goal in drug discovery. It has been shown that blocking co-opted host-factors abrogates the replication of many viruses, yet the development of such host-targeting drugs has been met with scepticism mainly due to toxicity issues and poor translation to in vivo models. With the advent of new and more powerful screening assays and prediction tools, the idea of a drug that can efficiently treat a wide range of viral infections by blocking specific host functions has re-bloomed. Here we critically review the state-of-the-art in broad-spectrum antiviral drug discovery. We discuss putative targets and treatment strategies, with particular focus on natural products as promising starting points for antiviral lead development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Martinez
- Infection Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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49
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Greninger AL. Picornavirus–Host Interactions to Construct Viral Secretory Membranes. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 129:189-212. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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Ross-Thriepland D, Harris M. Hepatitis C virus NS5A: enigmatic but still promiscuous 10 years on! J Gen Virol 2014; 96:727-738. [PMID: 25481754 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since one of us co-authored a review on NS5A a decade ago, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) field has changed dramatically, primarily due to the advent of the JFH-1 cell culture infectious clone, which allowed the study of all aspects of the virus life cycle from entry to exit. This review will describe advances in our understanding of NS5A biology over the past decade, highlighting how the JFH-1 system has allowed us to determine that NS5A is essential not only in genome replication but also in the assembly of infectious virions. We shall review the recent structural insights - NS5A is predicted to comprise three domains; X-ray crystallography has revealed the structure of domain I but there is a lack of detailed structural information about the other two domains, which are predicted to be largely unstructured. Recent insights into the phosphorylation of NS5A will be discussed, and we shall highlight a few pertinent examples from the ever-expanding list of NS5A-binding partners identified over the past decade. Lastly, we shall review the literature showing that NS5A is a potential target for a new class of highly potent small molecules that function to inhibit virus replication. These direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are now either licensed, or in the late stages of approval for clinical use both in the USA and in the UK/Europe. In combination with other DAAs targeting the viral protease (NS3) and polymerase (NS5B), they are revolutionizing treatment for HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Ross-Thriepland
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark Harris
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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