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Moghadam Fard A, Goodarzi P, Mottahedi M, Garousi S, Zadabhari H, Kalantari Shahijan M, Esmaeili S, Nabi-Afjadi M, Yousefi B. Therapeutic applications of melatonin in disorders related to the gastrointestinal tract and control of appetite. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-02972-5. [PMID: 38358468 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Most animals have large amounts of the special substance melatonin, which is controlled by the light/dark cycle in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. According to what is now understood, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and other areas of the body are sites of melatonin production. According to recent studies, the GIT and adjacent organs depend critically on a massive amount of melatonin. Not unexpectedly, melatonin's many biological properties, such as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, anti-metastasis, and antiangiogenic properties, have drawn the attention of researchers more and more. Because melatonin is an antioxidant, it produces a lot of secretions in the GIT's mucus and saliva, which shields cells from damage and promotes the development of certain GIT-related disorders. Melatonin's ability to alter cellular behavior in the GIT and other associated organs, such as the liver and pancreas, is another way that it functions. This behavior alters the secretory and metabolic activities of these cells. In this review, we attempted to shed fresh light on the many roles that melatonin plays in the various regions of the gastrointestinal tract by focusing on its activities for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pardis Goodarzi
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Mottahedi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Setareh Garousi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Zadabhari
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Faculty, Medipol University Health of Science, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Saeedeh Esmaeili
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Hosseinzadeh A, Pourhanifeh MH, Amiri S, Sheibani M, Irilouzadian R, Reiter RJ, Mehrzadi S. Therapeutic potential of melatonin in targeting molecular pathways of organ fibrosis. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:25-50. [PMID: 37995089 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis, the excessive deposition of fibrous connective tissue in an organ in response to injury, is a pathological condition affecting many individuals worldwide. Fibrosis causes the failure of tissue function and is largely irreversible as the disease progresses. Pharmacologic treatment options for organ fibrosis are limited, but studies suggest that antioxidants, particularly melatonin, can aid in preventing and controlling fibrotic damage to the organs. Melatonin, an indole nocturnally released from the pineal gland, is commonly used to regulate circadian and seasonal biological rhythms and is indicated for treating sleep disorders. While it is often effective in treating sleep disorders, melatonin's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties also make it a promising molecule for treating other disorders such as organ fibrosis. Melatonin ameliorates the necrotic and apoptotic changes that lead to fibrosis in various organs including the heart, liver, lung, and kidney. Moreover, melatonin reduces the infiltration of inflammatory cells during fibrosis development. This article outlines the protective effects of melatonin against fibrosis, including its safety and potential therapeutic effects. The goal of this article is to provide a summary of data accumulated to date and to encourage further experimentation with melatonin and increase its use as an anti-fibrotic agent in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shiva Amiri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Irilouzadian
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Harris J, Malaiappan S, S R. The Development and Evaluation of Melatonin-Loaded, Calcium Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Neem and Clove Extract: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e46293. [PMID: 37915867 PMCID: PMC10616532 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Various local drug delivery systems have been tried so far to target microorganisms responsible for periodontitis. However, none of them were effective enough to destroy the periodontal pathogens. This study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of melatonin-loaded, calcium oxide nanoparticles-based neem and clove extract against oral pathogens to be further used as a local delivery agent. Methodology Powdered fresh neem leaves and clove buds were weighed, added to double distilled water, and then boiled for half an hour. Boiling helps in activating the phytochemicals present in the extract. The solution was boiled further to obtain a concentrated solution. To this 0.241 g of melatonin powder dissolved in 10 mL of double distilled water was added to the previous mixture and left undisturbed in a stirrer overnight. Results The properties of the extract such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, and embryonic toxicology were studied. In the case of antimicrobial activity, at 100 μg/mL, the zone of inhibition (ZOI) was the highest at 18 ± 0.16 μg/mL and the lowest at 13 ± 0.3 at 25 μg/mL for Candida albicans. Similarly, at 100 μg/mL, the ZOI was the highest at 15 ± 0.25 μg/mL and the lowest was 13 ± 0.12 at 25 μg/mL for Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. Similarly, in the case of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, they showed increased activity with increased concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μg/mL. Conclusions This study proves that melatonin-added extracts have antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties which are almost equal to that of the standard. This indicates that they can be possibly further used as local delivery drugs. Further animal or cell line studies should be conducted before experimenting this is in clinical trials for periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnisha Harris
- Periodontology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Sankari Malaiappan
- Periodontology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajeshkumar S
- Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Zhang K, Chen X, Zhou R, Chen Z, Wu B, Qiu W, Fang F. Inhibition of gingival fibroblast necroptosis mediated by RIPK3/MLKL attenuates periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1264-1279. [PMID: 37366309 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM Necroptosis participates in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. Here, we aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of necroptosis inhibitors in attenuating periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE164241 was re-analysed to identify the role of necroptosis in periodontitis. Gingival specimens from healthy subjects or periodontitis patients were collected to evaluate the expression level of necroptosis-associated proteins. The therapeutic effect of necroptosis inhibitors on periodontitis was assessed in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, Transwell assays and Western blotting and siRNA transfection were used to identify the effects of necroptotic human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) on THP-1 macrophages. RESULTS Re-analysis revealed that gingival fibroblasts (GFs) in periodontitis gingiva showed the highest area under the curve score of necroptosis. Elevated levels of necroptosis-associated proteins were identified in GFs in periodontitis gingiva collected from patients and mice. In ligature-induced periodontitis mice, local administration of receptor interacting protein kinase 3(RIPK3) inhibitor GSK'872 or sh-mixed-lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (Mlkl) markedly abrogated necroptosis and rescued periodontitis. Analogously, necroptosis inhibitors alleviated the inflammatory response and release of damage-associated molecular patterns in lipopolysaccharide- or LAZ (LPS + AZD'5582 + z-VAD-fmk, necroptosis inducer)-induced GFs and then reduced THP-1 cell migration and M1 polarization. CONCLUSIONS Necroptosis in GFs aggravated gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss. Necroptosis inhibitors attenuate this process by modulating THP-1 macrophage migration and polarization. This study offers novel insights into the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuchun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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López-Valverde N, López-Valverde A, Montero J, Rodríguez C, Macedo de Sousa B, Aragoneses JM. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of natural products in periodontal disease: a comprehensive review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1226907. [PMID: 37600299 PMCID: PMC10435350 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1226907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases (PD) are common chronic inflammatory oral pathologies that are strongly linked to others not found in the mouth cavity. The immune system mediates the host response, which includes the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, metalloproteinases, and reactive oxygen species (ROS); the latter may play an important role in the establishment and progression of inflammatory diseases, particularly periodontal disease, via the development of oxidative stress (OS). Natural antioxidants have powerful anti-inflammatory properties, and some can reduce serum levels of key PD indicators such tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin IL-1. This review compiles, through a thorough literature analysis, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects of a variety of natural products, as well as their therapeutic potential in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansi López-Valverde
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Valverde
- Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier Montero
- Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cinthia Rodríguez
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Federico Henríquez y Carvajal, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Bruno Macedo de Sousa
- Institute for Occlusion and Orofacial Pain Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Çakan D, Uşaklıoğlu S. The Effect of Melatonin on Nasal Septal Wound Healing in an Experimental Animal Model. Facial Plast Surg 2023; 39:148-154. [PMID: 35882370 DOI: 10.1055/a-1910-0748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to examine the effect of melatonin (MLT) on wound healing in the nasal septum. Twenty-two Sprague-Dawley rats of the male sex were included in this experimental study. Nasal septal perforation (NSP), about 2 mm in diameter, was formed in each rat. MLT was applied topically to the subjects in the study group and saline was applied topically to the subjects in the control group once a day for 14 days. On day 14, the rats were sacrificed and the nasal septums of the subjects were resected for pathological evaluation. In the NSP area, degeneration and regeneration of nasal septal epithelium; degeneration and regeneration of the septal cartilage; number of cells involved in wound healing such as acute inflammatory cells (leukocytes), fibroblast, eosinophil, and giant cell; capillary vessel intensity; granulation tissue formation; and collagen intensity parameters were evaluated histopathologically. The macroscopic size and histopathologic examination results of NSPs were statistically analyzed. In the MLT group, the epithelium regeneration, cartilage regeneration, fibroblast number, collagen density, vascularity, and granulation formation were significantly higher, and the epithelial degeneration and acute inflammatory cells density were significantly lower, in the NSP area (p < 0.05). In addition, macroscopic healing was significantly higher in the MLT group (p = 0.044 and <0.05). Local application of MLT accelerates nasal septal wound healing. With this feature, the usage of MLT can be promising to prevent the formation of NSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğan Çakan
- ENT Department, Cerrrahpasa Medicine Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semih Uşaklıoğlu
- ENT Department, University of Health Sciences Istanbul Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ntep Ntep DB, Mballa Amougou JC, Mendouga Menye CR, Bengondo Messanga C. Evaluation of the effects of melatonin on the post-extraction sockets of wistar rats exposed to a therapeutic dose of alendronate. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2023.100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Chen E, Wang T, Tu Y, Sun Z, Ding Y, Gu Z, Xiao S. ROS-scavenging biomaterials for periodontitis. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:482-499. [PMID: 36468674 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease in which the continuous activation of oxidative stress surpasses the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity of the endogenous antioxidative defense system. Studies have demonstrated that ROS-scavenging biomaterials should be promising candidates for periodontitis therapy. To benefit the understanding and design of scavenging biomaterials for periodontitis, this review details the relationship between ROS and periodontitis, including direct and indirect damage, the application of ROS-scavenging biomaterials in periodontitis, including organic and inorganic ROS-scavenging biomaterials, and the various dosage forms of fabricated materials currently used for periodontal therapy. Finally, the current situation and further prospects of ROS-scavenging biomaterials in periodontal applications are summarized. Expecting that improved ROS-scavenging biomaterials could be better designed and developed for periodontal and even clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enni Chen
- Department of Periodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Tianyou Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuan Tu
- Department of Periodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - ZhiYuan Sun
- Department of Periodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Periodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Zhipeng Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shimeng Xiao
- Department of Periodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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The Upregulation of Regenerative Activity for Extracellular Vesicles with Melatonin Modulation in Chemically Defined Media. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315089. [PMID: 36499413 PMCID: PMC9736868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been widely known to have therapeutic effects by representing characteristics of the origin cells as an alternative for cell-based therapeutics. Major limitations of EVs for clinical applications include low production yields, unknown effects from serum impurities, and relatively low bioactivities against dose. In this study, we proposed a cell modulation method with melatonin for human umbilical cord MSCs (hUCMSCs) cultured in serum-free chemically defined media (CDM) to eliminate the effects of serum-derived impurities and promote regeneration-related activities. miRNAs highly associated with regeneration were selected and the expression levels of them were comparatively analyzed among various types of EVs depending on culture conditions. The EVs derived from melatonin-stimulated hUCMSCs in CDM (CDM mEVs) showed the highest expression levels of regeneration-related miRNAs, and 7 times more hsa-let-7b-5p, 5.6 times more hsa-miR-23a-3p, and 5.7 times more hsa-miR-100-5p than others, respectively. In addition, the upregulation of various functionalities, such as wound healing, angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, ROS scavenging, and anti-apoptosis, were proven using in vitro assays by simulating the characteristics of EVs with bioinformatics analysis. The present results suggest that the highly regenerative properties of hUCMSC-derived EVs were accomplished with melatonin stimulation in CDM and provided the potential for clinical uses of EVs.
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Hormesis: wound healing and fibroblasts. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106449. [PMID: 36113746 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hormetic dose responses are reported here to occur commonly in the dermal wound healing process, with the particular focus on cell viability, proliferation, migration and collagen deposition of human and murine fibroblasts with in vitro studies. Hormetic responses were induced by a wide range of substances, including endogenous agents, pharmaceutical preparations, plant-derived extracts including many well-known dietary supplements, as well as physical stressor agents such as low-level laser treatments. Detailed mechanistic studies have identified common signaling pathways and their cross-pathway communications that mediate the hormetic dose responses. These findings complement and extend a similar comprehensive assessment concerning the occurrence of hormetic dose responses in keratinocytes. These findings demonstrate the generality of the hormetic dose response for key wound healing endpoints, suggesting that the hormesis concept has a fundamental role in wound healing, with respect to guiding strategies for experimental evaluation as well as therapeutic applications.
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Liu RY, Li L, Zhang ZT, Wu T, Lin S, Zhang XT. Clinical efficacy of melatonin as adjunctive therapy to non-surgical treatment of periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:695-704. [PMID: 35290552 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adjunctive melatonin supplementation on clinical outcomes after non-surgical periodontal treatment. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of melatonin adjuvant therapy for periodontitis from inception until May 2021. The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered on The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42021250630). The risk of bias of included studies was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The pooled effect estimates were calculated by a random-effects model, and results were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD). RESULTS Seven RCTs comprising 412 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that adjuvant use of melatonin for non-surgical periodontal treatment significantly improved the probing depth (PD) [WMD = - 1.18, 95% CI (- 1.75, - 0.62) I2 = 85.7%], clinical attachment loss (CAL) [WMD = - 1.16, 95% CI (- 1.60, - 0.72) I2 = 76.7%] and gingival index (WMD = - 0.29, 95%CI [- 0.48, - 0.11], I2 = 63.6%) compared with non-surgical treatment alone. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that higher doses of melatonin (3-10 mg) significantly improved PD [WMD = - 1.32, 95%CI (- 2.31, - 0.15) I2 = 93%] and CAL [WMD = - 1.30, 95%CI (- 1.80, - 0.81) I2 = 73.7%] compared with lower doses of melatonin (< 3 mg). CONCLUSIONS We found that adjunctive melatonin supplementation can significantly improve the periodontal status after non-surgical treatment, suggesting that melatonin may be a new adjuvant therapy for periodontitis when non-surgical periodontal treatment alone cannot achieve the desired improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Yue Liu
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Li
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhong-Ti Zhang
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Ting Wu
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Lin
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu-Tong Zhang
- VIP Department, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Munmun F, Witt-Enderby PA. Melatonin effects on bone: Implications for use as a therapy for managing bone loss. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12749. [PMID: 34085304 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is the primary circadian output signal from the brain and is mainly synthesized in pinealocytes. The rhythm and secretion of melatonin are under the control of an endogenous oscillator located in the SCN or the master biological clock. Disruptions in circadian rhythms by shift work, aging, or light at night are associated with bone loss and increased fracture risk. Restoration of nocturnal melatonin peaks to normal levels or therapeutic levels through timed melatonin supplementation has been demonstrated to provide bone-protective actions in various models. Melatonin is a unique molecule with diverse molecular actions targeting melatonin receptors located on the plasma membrane or mitochondria or acting independently of receptors through its actions as an antioxidant or free radical scavenger to stimulate osteoblastogenesis, inhibit osteoclastogenesis, and improve bone density. Its additional actions on entraining circadian rhythms and improving quality of life in an aging population coupled with its safety profile make it an ideal therapeutic candidate for protecting against bone loss in susceptible populations. The intent of this review is to provide a focused discussion on bone loss and disorders of the bone as it relates to melatonin and conditions that modify melatonin levels with the hope that future therapies include those that include melatonin and correct those factors that modify melatonin levels like circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Munmun
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paula A Witt-Enderby
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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de Oliveira PHC, Lemos CAA, Cantiga-Silva C, Faria FD, Cintra LTA, Pellizzer EP. Melatonin as an adjunctive treatment on dental procedures: A systematic review. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1770-1782. [PMID: 34152659 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The systematic review tried to answer the following question: Does the melatonin administered systemically or topically ameliorate patients involved with oral health conditions or dental procedures? The systematic review has been registered in the PROSPERO (2021CRD42021095959). Eligibility criteria included only randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with at least 10 participants that compared patients that received melatonin as a treatment before and/or after their oral intervention topically or systemically, with control patients. A search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Academic Google databases for articles up to February 2021. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized clinical trials was used and revealed that the studies included presented low risk of bias for the majority of criteria assessed. It was selected 25 articles, of which only six did not demonstrate positive effects and three presented null effects with the use of melatonin. Melatonin has improved the inflammatory response in periodontal disease, dental surgeries, and mucositis of head and neck oncologic irradiated patients. In addition, it showed anxiolytic potential in patients that were submitted to dental procedures. In conclusion, melatonin favored the treatment of oral changes when used topically and systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cleidiel Aparecido Araujo Lemos
- Department of Dentistry (Division of Prosthodontics), Campus Governador Valadares, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cantiga-Silva
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Flávio Duarte Faria
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp, Araçatuba, Brazil
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Balaji TM, Varadarajan S, Jagannathan R, Mahendra J, Fageeh HI, Fageeh HN, Mushtaq S, Baeshen HA, Bhandi S, Gupta AA, Raj AT, Reda R, Patil S, Testarelli L. Melatonin as a Topical/Systemic Formulation for the Management of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2417. [PMID: 34066498 PMCID: PMC8124881 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To qualitatively and quantitatively review the use of melatonin as a topical/systemic formulation for the management of periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed; Scopus; and Web of Science databases were searched using the MesH terms "melatonin" and "periodontitis". Title and abstracts were screened to eliminate irrelevant and duplicate articles. The full text data of the screened articles were assessed using the selection criteria. RESULTS Of 176 identified articles (PubMed-66; Scopus-56; Web of Science-52; Cross-reference-2), only 12 studies qualified to be included in the systematic review. Four studies assessed the independent effect of 1% topical melatonin formulation while 8 articles assessed the adjunctive use of systemic melatonin formulation (1-10 mg) following scaling and root planing (SRP). All studies showed an improvement in periodontal parameters such as pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, periodontal disease index, community periodontal index, gingival bleeding scores, and prognostic marker levels in saliva and serum. A meta-analysis of data from 2 studies revealed that 1-2 mg (systemic) melatonin supplementation reduced pocket depth; although the difference was not statistically significant and hence cannot be interpreted or used for conclusive evidence. Risk of Bias Assessment tool (RoBANS) and Cochrane Collaboration RoB tool elicited a high risk of bias in the included studies. GRADE (recommendation assessment, development, and evaluation) inferred a weak recommendation for the use of melatonin in periodontitis management. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin supplementation (topical and systemic) in periodontitis patients improved key periodontal parameters including pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Melatonin could be a potential host modulatory agent for periodontitis management; although the data from the present review should be interpreted carefully due to the associated high risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thodur Madapusi Balaji
- Department of Dentistry, Bharathiraja Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai 600017, India;
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India; (S.V.); (A.T.R.)
| | | | - Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600095, India;
| | - Hammam Ibrahim Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; (H.I.F.); (H.N.F.)
| | - Hytham N. Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; (H.I.F.); (H.N.F.)
| | - Shazia Mushtaq
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shilpa Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Archana A. Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, India;
| | - A. Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India; (S.V.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Rodolfo Reda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Shankaragouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (L.T.)
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Şehirli AÖ, Sayıner S. Daylight is critical to preserve 5-methoxytryptophol levels in suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients. Med Hypotheses 2021; 147:110504. [PMID: 33485026 PMCID: PMC7816952 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, COVID-19 causes damage to tissues with the cytokine storm. It even causes death in people who are fond of it. In this case, the role of the immune system is vital. In particular, the cycle of melatonin and 5-methoxytryptophol released from the pineal hormone ensures that immunity continues for 24 h. While 5-MTX is active in sunlight, melatonin secretion increases in the dark at night. 5-MTX, like melatonin, has shown antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties in studies. Therefore, people who are sick and those who are not must strictly comply with the 24-h circadian rhythm during this period. We think that it is crucial in terms of being protected from the disease that we should carry out our activities according to the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Özer Şehirli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Serkan Sayıner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Effects of melatonin in wound healing of dental pulp and periodontium: Evidence from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 123:105037. [PMID: 33440268 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.105037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Database research has revealed that melatonin has beneficial effects in pulpal and periodontal regeneration. Several studies reported protective effects of melatonin against inflammation in several organs including the heart, brain, and teeth. In addition to inflammation reduction, melatonin has been involved in tissue regeneration and wound healing. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies on the effects of melatonin in wound healing of dental pulp and periodontium. This review gives a thorough summary of the possible role of melatonin in wound healing of dental pulp and periodontium in connection with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. Any contradictory evidence is also assessed. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for all research articles published before April 2020 with the search terms "melatonin" and "dental pulp". Articles with the search terms "melatonin", "periodontal disease" and "bone" published before October 2019 were also included. Non-English articles were excluded. RESULTS Melatonin has been shown to reduce inflammation, inhibit cell proliferation and regulate differentiation of pulp cells. Melatonin increased odontoblast activities, resulting in the differentiation in the dental pulp. However, melatonin did not initiate differentiation in undifferentiated pulp cells but seemed to have beneficial effects in periodontitis by promoting periodontium's wound healing. CONCLUSION Those findings suggest that melatonin could have beneficial effects on pulpal and periodontal cells under inflammatory conditions. However, discrepancies remain between in vitro and in vivo findings regarding the effect of melatonin on dental pulp and periodontium.
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Ferrà-Cañellas MDM, Munar-Bestard M, Garcia-Sureda L, Lejeune B, Ramis JM, Monjo M. BMP4 micro-immunotherapy increases collagen deposition and reduces PGE2 release in human gingival fibroblasts and increases tissue viability of engineered 3D gingiva under inflammatory conditions. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1448-1459. [PMID: 33393105 PMCID: PMC8724682 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background We aimed to evaluate the effect of low doses (LD) bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP2) and BMP4 micro‐immunotherapy (MI) in two in vitro models of periodontal wound healing/regeneration. Methods We first evaluated the effect of LD of BMP2 and BMP4 MI on a 2D cell culture using human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) under inflammatory conditions induced by IL1β. Biocompatibility, inflammatory response (Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release), collagen deposition and release of extracellular matrix (ECM) organization‐related enzymes (matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP1) and metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1)) were evaluated after short (3 days) and long‐term (24 days) treatment with BMP2 or BMP4 MI. Then, given the results obtained in the 2D cell culture, LD BMP4 MI treatment was evaluated in a 3D cell culture model of human tissue equivalent of gingiva (GTE) under the same inflammatory stimulus, evaluating the biocompatibility, inflammatory response and effect on MMP1 and TIMP1 release. Results LD BMP4 was able to decrease the release of the inflammatory mediator PGE2 and completely re‐establish the impaired collagen metabolism induced by IL1β treatment. In the 3D model, LD BMP4 treatment improved tissue viability compared with the vehicle, with similar levels to 3D tissues without inflammation. No significant effects were observed on PGE2 levels nor MMP1/TIMP1 ratio after LD BMP4 treatment, although a tendency to decrease PGE2 levels was observed after 3 days. Conclusions LD BMP4 MI treatment shows anti‐inflammatory and regenerative properties on hGF, and improved viability of 3D gingiva under inflammatory conditions. LD BMP4 MI treatment could be used on primary prevention or maintenance care of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Ferrà-Cañellas
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Preclinical Research Department, Labo'Life España, Consell, Spain
| | - Marta Munar-Bestard
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Beatrice Lejeune
- Preclinical and Clinical Research, Regulatory Affairs Department, Labo'Life France, Nantes, France
| | - Joana Maria Ramis
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marta Monjo
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Balaji T, Jagannathan R, Murukesan S, Rajendran S, Sridhar L, Varadarajan S, Rajendiran D. Topical Oral Melatonin Application Could Potentially Reduce the Risk of Orthodontic Appliance-Induced Periodontal Deterioration. DENTAL HYPOTHESES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/denthyp.denthyp_125_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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20
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García-Bernal D, López-García S, Sanz JL, Guerrero-Gironés J, García-Navarro EM, Moraleda JM, Forner L, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ. Melatonin Treatment Alters Biological and Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Augmented Transforming Growth Factor Beta Secretion. J Endod 2020; 47:424-435. [PMID: 33359532 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melatonin is an endogenous neurohormone with well-reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but the direct biological and immunomodulatory effects of melatonin on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of melatonin on the cytocompatibility, proliferation, cell migration, odontogenic differentiation, mineralized nodule formation, and immunomodulatory properties of hDPSCs. METHODS To address the melatonin biological effects on hDPSCs, the cytocompatibility, proliferation, cell migration, odontogenic differentiation, mineralized nodule formation, and immunomodulatory properties of hDPSCs after melatonin treatment were evaluated. The statistical differences were evaluated using 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey multiple comparison test. RESULTS We found that melatonin did not alter hDPSC immunophenotype or cell viability, even at the highest concentrations used. However, using intermediate melatonin concentrations (10-300 μmol/L), a significantly higher proliferation rate (P < .05 and P < .01) and migration of hDPSCs (P < .01) were observed. Importantly, melatonin treatment (100 μmol/L) significantly increased the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta (P < .05 and P < .01) and provoked a more robust antiproliferative effect on mitogen-stimulated T cells (P < .05). Finally, and unlike previous results found with mesenchymal stem cells from other sources, melatonin fails to induce or accelerate the spontaneous osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings provide key data on the bioactivity of melatonin and its effects on hPDSC biological and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sergio López-García
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - José L Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Esther M García-Navarro
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose M Moraleda
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Yadegari A, Aminzadeh A, Seyyedkhamesi S, Aminian M. The effect of melatonin on prevention of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: an animal study in rats. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 46:266-274. [PMID: 32855374 PMCID: PMC7469961 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2020.46.4.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Melatonin induces human stem cells, converts pre-osteoblasts to mature osteoblasts, and reduces the duration of this transition. However, melatonin itself prevents activation of osteoclasts. Here, we evaluate the role of melatonin in prevention of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Materials and Methods In this experimental-interventional study, 30 rats were evaluated in 3 groups. The first and second groups received saline and zoledronic acid, respectively, for 4 weeks and the third group received 4 weeks of zoledronic acid and 3 weeks of melatonin simultaneously. First-right-maxillary-molar extraction was performed for all animals, which were sacrificed after 4 weeks of recovery. The extraction sockets were examined histologically for the presence of osteonecrosis, number of osteoclasts and fibroblasts, severity of inflammation, and vascularization. Data were analyzed by chi-square, one-way ANOVA, Tukey, Kruskal–Wallis and Fisher’s exact statistical tests (α=0.05). Results Osteonecrosis was observed in 20%, 90%, and 70% of the first, second and third groups, respectively (P=0.008). The lowest number of osteoclasts and fibroblasts was seen in the third group. Conclusion Melatonin may effectively prevent some undesirable side effects of bisphosphonates. However, further studies are required to confirm the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Yadegari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atousa Aminzadeh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sam Seyyedkhamesi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maedeh Aminian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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Melatonin loaded lipid enriched chitosan microspheres – Hybrid dressing for moderate exuding wounds. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ostjen CA, Rosa CGS, Hartmann RM, Schemitt EG, Colares JR, Marroni NP. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of melatonin on recovery from muscular trauma induced in rats. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 106:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tao J, Yang M, Wu H, Ma T, He C, Chai M, Zhang X, Zhang J, Ding F, Wang S, Deng S, Zhu K, Song Y, Ji P, Liu H, Lian Z, Liu G. Effects of AANAT overexpression on the inflammatory responses and autophagy activity in the cellular and transgenic animal levels. Autophagy 2018; 14:1850-1869. [PMID: 29985091 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1490852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the anti-inflammatory activity of endogenous produced melatonin, a melatonin-enriched animal model (goat) with AANAT transfer was successfully generated with somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology. Basically, a pIRES2-EGFP-AANAT expression vector was constructed and was transferred into the female fetal fibroblast cells (FFCs) via electrotransfection and then the nuclear of the transgenic FFC was transferred to the eggs of the donor goats. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the transgenic offspring expressed significantly higher levels of AANAT and melatonin synthetic function than those PBMCs from the wild-type (WT) animals. After challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the transgenic PBMCs had increased autophagosomes and LC3B expression while they exhibited suppressed production of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL1B and IL12 (IL12A-IL12B/p70), compared to their WT. The mechanistic analysis indicated that the anti-inflammatory activity of endogenous melatonin was mediated by MTNR1B (melatonin receptor 1B). MTNR1B stimulation activated the MAPK14 signaling pathway to promote cellular macroautophagy/autophagy, thus, suppressing the excessive inflammatory response of cellular. However, when the intact animals challenged with LPS, the serum proinflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in the transgenic goats than that in the WT. The results indicated that endogenous melatonin inhibited the MAPK1/3 signaling pathway and ROS production, subsequently downregulated gene expression of BECN1, ATG5 in PMBCs and then suppressed the autophagy activity of PBMCs and finally elevated levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines in transgenic animals, Herein we provided a novel melatonin-enriched animal model to study the potential effects of endogenously produced melatonin on inflammatory responses and autophagy activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Tao
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Minghui Yang
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Hao Wu
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Teng Ma
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Changjiu He
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.,b College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Menglong Chai
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- c Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary , Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Tianjin , Tianjin , China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- c Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary , Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Tianjin , Tianjin , China
| | - Fangrong Ding
- d State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Sutian Wang
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- e State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Kuanfeng Zhu
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Yukun Song
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Pengyun Ji
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Haijun Liu
- c Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary , Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Tianjin , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
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Bae WJ, Park JS, Kang SK, Kwon IK, Kim EC. Effects of Melatonin and Its Underlying Mechanism on Ethanol-Stimulated Senescence and Osteoclastic Differentiation in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells and Cementoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061742. [PMID: 29895782 PMCID: PMC6032161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the protective effects of melatonin in ethanol (EtOH)-induced senescence and osteoclastic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) and cementoblasts and the underlying mechanism. EtOH increased senescence activity, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of cell cycle regulators (p53, p21 and p16) and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) genes (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α) in HPDLCs and cementoblasts. Melatonin inhibited EtOH-induced senescence and the production of ROS as well as the increased expression of cell cycle regulators and SASP genes. However, it recovered EtOH-suppressed osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation, as evidenced by alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin staining and mRNA expression levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteoblastic and cementoblastic markers (glucose transporter 1 and cementum-derived protein-32) in HPDLCs and cementoblasts. Moreover, it inhibited EtOH-induced osteoclastic differentiation in mouse bone marrow⁻derived macrophages (BMMs). Inhibition of protein never in mitosis gene A interacting-1 (PIN1) by juglone or small interfering RNA reversed the effects of melatonin on EtOH-mediated senescence as well as osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation. Melatonin blocked EtOH-induced activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) c-1 pathways, which was reversed by inhibition of PIN1. This is the first study to show the protective effects of melatonin on senescence-like phenotypes and osteoclastic differentiation induced by oxidative stress in HPDLCs and cementoblasts through the PIN1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jung Bae
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Jae Suh Park
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Soo-Kyung Kang
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Il-Keun Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Hosseinzadeh A, Javad-Moosavi SA, Reiter RJ, Hemati K, Ghaznavi H, Mehrzadi S. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) signaling pathways and protective roles of melatonin. Life Sci 2018; 201:17-29. [PMID: 29567077 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the progressive loss of lung function due to tissue scarring. A variety of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic factors including interleukin‑17A, transforming growth factor β, Wnt/β‑catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factors, endotelin‑1, renin angiotensin system and impaired caveolin‑1 function are involved in the IPF pathogenesis. Current therapies for IPF have some limitations and this highlights the need for effective therapeutic agents to treat this fatal disease. Melatonin and its metabolites are broad-spectrum antioxidants that not only remove reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by radical scavenging but also up-regulate the expression and activity of endogenous antioxidants. Via these actions, melatonin and its metabolites modulate a variety of molecular pathways in different pathophysiological conditions. Herein, we review the signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of IPF and the potentially protective effects of melatonin on these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Karim Hemati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anesthesiology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chitsazi M, Faramarzie M, Sadighi M, Shirmohammadi A, Hashemzadeh A. Effects of adjective use of melatonin and vitamin C in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2017; 11:236-240. [PMID: 29354250 PMCID: PMC5768956 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2017.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Melatonin can eliminate free radicals and this function can be intensified byvitamin C. Melatonin and vitamin C can have synergic antioxidant effects. The aim of thisstudy was to investigate the effects of adjunctive use of melatonin and vitamin C in the non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis. Methods. Sixty subjects with chronic periodontitis were included in this study and randomly allocated to three groups: group 1) 20 patients received non-surgical periodontal treatment; group 2) 20 patients received non-surgical periodontal treatment with adjunctive use of melatonin; and group3) 20 patients received non-surgical periodontal treatment with combination use of melatonin + vitamin C. Clinical parameters (PD, CAL,GI) were recorded at baseline and at 3-month and 6-month intervalsafter treatment. Data were analyzed with paired t-test, one-way ANOVA andrepeated-measures ANOVA. A significant difference was assumed at P<0.05. Results. Non-surgical periodontal therapy improved PD and CAL 3 and 6 months treatment compared to baseline (P<0.001). There was a significant improvement in PD and CAL scores at 6-month interval compared to 3 months in the melatonin+ vitamin C group (P<0.05), while the differences in PD and CAL scores between the mentioned intervals were not significant between the control and melatonin groups (P>0.05). Therefore adjunctive dose of vitamin C offered an additional effect at this interval. Conclusion. Combination therapy with melatonin and vitamin C can improve the results of non-surgical periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadtaghi Chitsazi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Faramarzie
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Periodontics, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Sadighi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adileh Shirmohammadi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Hazzaa HHA, El-Kilani NS, Elsayed SAE, Abd El Massieh PM. Evaluation of Immediate Implants Augmented with Autogenous Bone/Melatonin Composite Graft in the Esthetic Zone: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Prosthodont 2017; 28:e637-e642. [PMID: 29143462 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes following the application of autogenous bone (ABG)/melatonin composite graft around immediate implants in the esthetic zone compared to ABG alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six patients with two nonrestorable anterior/premolar teeth were randomly classified into two equal groups. Dental implants were immediately inserted either with ABG (control group) or ABG/melatonin (test group). Outcome measures were peri-implant sulcus depth (PD), gingival index (GI), and wound healing scores. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was recorded at baseline, 6, and 9 months. RESULTS At the end of the study, a significant difference was shown in the mean of marginal bone loss between the control group (1.91 mm ± 0.42) and the test group (0.84 mm ± 0.34) at p = 0.0001. The test group showed a significant gain in bone density, 500.73 ± 40.92, versus 420.14 ± 38.33 in the control group (p = 0.0001). There was a statistically significant difference between the control group (0.68 ± 0.42) versus the test group (0.45 ± 0.49; p = 0.044) in GI. PD was significantly reduced at the end of the study in the test group (0.42 mm ± 0.50; p = 0.002), with a similar significant improvement in the healing scores (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, immediate implants augmented with ABG/melatonin composite graft would be a valuable option in the esthetic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala H A Hazzaa
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt.,Nahda University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Sh El-Kilani
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shadia Abd-Elhameed Elsayed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt.,Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Phoebe M Abd El Massieh
- Oro-Dental Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Shin NR, Park JW, Lee IC, Ko JW, Park SH, Kim JS, Kim JC, Ahn KS, Shin IS. Melatonin suppresses fibrotic responses induced by cigarette smoke via downregulation of TGF-β1. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95692-95703. [PMID: 29221159 PMCID: PMC5707053 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the most important risk factor in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary fibrosis is an irreversible response and important feature of COPD. In this study, we investigated the effects of melatonin on fibrotic response in development of COPD using a CS and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced COPD model and cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-stimulated NCI-H292 cells, a human mucoepidermoid cell line. Mice were exposed to CS for 1 h per day (8 cigarettes per day) from day 1 to day 7 and were treated intranasally with LPS on day 4. Melatonin (10 or 20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before CS exposure. Melatonin decreased the inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), with a reduction in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Melatonin inhibited the expression of TGF-β1, collagen I and SMAD3 phosphorylation in lung tissue exposed to CS and LPS. In CSC-stimulated H292 cells, melatonin suppressed the elevated expression of fibrotic mediators induced by CSC treatment. Melatonin reduced the expression of TGF-β1, collagen I, SMAD3 and p38 phosphorylation in CSC-stimulated H292 cells. In addition, cotreatment with melatonin and TGF-β1 inhibitors significantly limited fibrotic mediators, with greater reductions in the expression of TGF-β1, collagen I, SMAD3 and p38 phosphorylation than those of H292 cells treated with TGF-β1 inhibitor alone. Taken together, melatonin effectively inhibited fibrotic responses induced by CS and LPS exposure, which was related to the downregulation of TGF-β1. Therefore, our results suggest that melatonin may suppress the pulmonary fibrotic response induced by CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Rae Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Research Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyeuk Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Project Team), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Melatonin Inhibits CXCL10 and MMP-1 Production in IL-1β-Stimulated Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Inflammation 2017; 39:1520-6. [PMID: 27271323 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone that is mainly secreted by the pineal gland and exhibits a wide spectrum of activities, including antioxidant functions. Melatonin has been detected in gingival crevicular fluid. However, the role of melatonin in periodontal tissue is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of melatonin on inflammatory mediator expression in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC). Interleukin (IL)-1β induced CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 production in HPDLC. Melatonin decreased CXCL10 and MMP-1 production and increased TIMP-1 production in IL-1β-stimulated HPDLC. Western blot analysis showed that melatonin inhibited p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, and IkB-α degradation and phosphorylation in IL-1β-stimulated HPDLC. These results suggest that melatonin might inhibit Th1 cell migration by reducing CXCL10 production. Moreover, melatonin might inhibit soft tissue destruction by decreasing MMP-1 production in periodontal lesions.
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Zhou W, Zhang X, Zhu CL, He ZY, Liang JP, Song ZC. Melatonin Receptor Agonists as the "Perioceutics" Agents for Periodontal Disease through Modulation of Porphyromonas gingivalis Virulence and Inflammatory Response. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166442. [PMID: 27832188 PMCID: PMC5104381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim “Perioceutics” including antimicrobial therapy and host modulatory therapy has emerged as a vital adjunctive treatment of periodontal disease. Melatonin level was significantly reduced in patients with periodontal diseases suggesting melatonin could be applied as a potential “perioceutics” treatment of periodontal diseases. This study aims to investigate the effects of melatonin receptor agonists (melatonin and ramelteon) on Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence and Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS)-induced inflammation. Methods Effects of melatonin receptor agonists on Porphyromonas gingivalis planktonic cultures were determined by microplate dilution assays. Formation, reduction, and viability of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms were detected by crystal violet staining and MTT assays, respectively. Meanwhile, biofilms formation was also observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The effects on gingipains and hemolytic activities of Porphyromonas gingivalis were evaluated using chromogenic peptides and sheep erythrocytes. The mRNA expression of virulence and iron/heme utilization was assessed using RT-PCR. In addition, cell viability of melatonin receptor agonists on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was evaluated by MTT assays. After pretreatment of melatonin receptor agonists, HGFs were stimulated with Pg-LPS and then release of cytokines (IL-6 and lL-8) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Melatonin and ramelteon did exhibit antimicrobial effects against planktonic culture. Importantly, they inhibited biofilm formation, reduced the established biofilms, and decreased biofilm viability of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Furthermore, they at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) concentrations markedly inhibited the proteinase activities of gingipains and hemolysis in a dose-dependent manner. They at sub-MIC concentrations significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of virulence factors (kgp, rgpA, rgpB, hagA, and ragA), while increasing the mRNA expression of ferritin (ftn) or hemolysin (hem). They did not show obvious cytotoxicity toward HGFs. They inhibited Pg-LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion, which was reversed by luzindole, the melatonin receptor antagonist. Conclusion Melatonin receptor agonists can inhibit planktonic and biofilm growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis by affecting the virulent properties, as well as Pg-LPS-induced inflammatory response. Our study provides new evidence that melatonin receptor agonists might be useful as novel “perioceutics” agents to prevent and treat Porphyromonas gingivalis-associated periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Cai-Lian Zhu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhi-Yan He
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jing-Ping Liang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- * E-mail: (ZCS); (JPL)
| | - Zhong-Chen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- * E-mail: (ZCS); (JPL)
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Najeeb S, Khurshid Z, Zohaib S, Zafar MS. Therapeutic potential of melatonin in oral medicine and periodontology. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 32:391-6. [PMID: 27523451 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine) is a substance secreted by multiple organs in vertebrates. In addition to playing a part in the circadian cycle of the body, melatonin is known to have antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antioncotic effects on human tissues. Oral cavity is affected by a number of conditions such as periodontitis, mucositis, cancers, and cytotoxicity from various drugs or biomaterials. Research has suggested that melatonin is effective in treating the aforementioned pathologies. Furthermore, melatonin has been observed to enhance osseointegration and bone regeneration. The aim of this review is to critically analyze and summarize the research focusing on the potential of melatonin in the field of oral medicine. Topical administration of melatonin has a positive effect on periodontal health and osseointegration. Furthermore, melatonin is particularly effective in improving the periodontal parameters of diabetic patients with periodontitis. Melatonin exerts a regenerative effect on periodontal bone and may be incorporated into of periodontal scaffolds. The cytotoxic effect of various drugs and dental materials may be countered by the antioxidant properties of melatonin. Topical administration of melatonin promotes the healing of tooth extraction sockets and may also impede the progression of oral cancer. Although, there are a number of current and potential applications of melatonin, further long term clinical and animal studies are needed to assess its efficacy. Moreover, the role of melatonin supplements in the management of periodontitis should also be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq Najeeb
- Department of Dentistry, Riyadh Consultative Clinics, Imam Saud Road, Al Murooj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Zohaib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madina Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Melatonin-loaded chitosan/Pluronic® F127 microspheres as in situ forming hydrogel: An innovative antimicrobial wound dressing. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 107:67-79. [PMID: 27329001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop melatonin-loaded chitosan based microspheres as dry powder formulation suitable for wound dressing, rapidly forming hydrogel in contact with wound exudate. Microspheres were produced by spray-drying method. Fractional factorial design was employed to elucidate the effect of formulation and process parameters (feed flow rate, inlet air temperature, chitosan concentration, chitosan/melatonin ratio and chitosan/Pluronic® F127 ratio) on the product characteristics related to process applicability (production yield, entrapment efficiency and product moisture content) and microsphere performance in biological environment (microsphere mean diameter and surface charge). Appropriate formulation and process parameters for the establishment of efficient drying process resulting in fine-tuned chitosan and chitosan/Pluronic® F127 microspheres (efficient melatonin encapsulation, small diameter positive surface charge and low moisture content) were identified. Microspheres were characterized by appropriate flowability and high rate and extent of fluid uptake. Incorporation of Pluronic® F127 in microsphere matrix resulted in high melatonin amorphization and consequent higher melatonin release rate. Entrapment of melatonin in chitosan/Pluronic® F127 microspheres has potentiated chitosan antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and five clinical isolates S. aureus MRSA strains. Microspheres were shown to be biocompatible with skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts at concentrations relevant for antimicrobial activity against planktonic bacteria.
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El-Gammal MY, Salem AS, Anees MM, Tawfik MA. Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Immediate Loaded Dental Implants With Local Application of Melatonin: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2016; 42:119-25. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-14-00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immediate loading of dental implants in situations where low bone density exist, such as the posterior maxillary region, became possible recently after the introduction of biomimetic agents. This 1-year preliminary clinical trial was carried out to clinically and radiographically evaluate immediate-loaded 1-piece implants with local application of melatonin in the osteotomy site as a biomimetic material. 14 patients with missing maxillary premolars were randomized to receive 14 implants of 1-piece type that were subjected to immediate loading after 2 weeks of initial placement. Group I included 7 implants with acid-etched surface while group II included 7 implants with acid-etched surface combined with local application of melatonin gel at the osteotomy site. Patients were recalled for follow up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after loading. All implants were considered successful after 12 months of follow-up. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between both groups at 1 month of implant loading when considering the implant stability. At 1 and 3 months there were significant differences in the marginal bone level between the 2 groups. These results suggest that the local application of melatonin at the osteotomy site is associated with good stability and minimal bone resorption. However, more studies for longer follow-up periods are required to confirm the effect of melatonin hormone on osseointegration of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Y. El-Gammal
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Salem
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven and Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mohamed M. Anees
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Tawfik
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Satué M, Ramis JM, del Mar Arriero M, Monjo M. A new role for 5-methoxytryptophol on bone cells function in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:551-8. [PMID: 25358700 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the direct action of 5-methoxytryptophol (5-MTX) in both MC3T3-E1 and RAW264.7 cells and compares it with melatonin (MEL), another 5-methoxyindol known to play a significant role on bone metabolism. We first screened increasing doses of both 5-MTX and MEL to determine their effect on metabolic activity and viability of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The optimal dose was used to determine its effect on differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and preosteoclastic RAW264.7 cells. Finally, we investigated the mechanism of action by adding the melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole (LUZ) and detecting the immunostaining of phospho-ERK. In MC3T3-E1 cells, most of the 5-MTX doses reduced slightly the metabolic activity of osteoblasts compared with the control, while MEL only decreased it for the highest dose (2.5 mM). As regards to cytotoxicity, low doses (0.001-0.1 mM) of both indoles showed a protective effect on osteoblasts, while the highest dose of MEL showed a higher cytotoxicity than the 5-MTX one. After 14 days of cell culture, Rankl mRNA levels were decreased, especially for 5-MTX. 5-MTX also induced a higher osteocalcin secretion and mineralization capacity than MEL. In RAW264.7 cells, 5-MTX decreased the number of osteoclast formed and its activity whereas MEL did not affect significantly the number of multinucleated TRAP-positive cells formed and showed a lower activity. Finally, MEL and 5-MTX promoted activation of the ERK1/2 pathway through the phosphorylation of ERK, while LUZ addition suppressed this effect. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates a new role of 5-MTX inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and promoting osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Satué
- Group of Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS). University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Hu W, Ma Z, Jiang S, Fan C, Deng C, Yan X, Di S, Lv J, Reiter RJ, Yang Y. Melatonin: the dawning of a treatment for fibrosis? J Pineal Res 2016; 60:121-31. [PMID: 26680689 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common occurrence following organ injury and failure. To date, there is no effective treatment for this condition. Melatonin targets numerous molecular pathways, a consequence of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions that reduce excessive fibrosis. Herein, we review the multiple protective effects of melatonin against fibrosis. There exist four major phases of the fibrogenic response including primary injury to the organ, activation of effector cells, the elaboration of extracellular matrix (ECM) and dynamic deposition. Melatonin regulates each of these phases. Additionally, melatonin reduces fibrosis levels in numerous organs. Melatonin exhibits its anti-fibrosis effects in heart, liver, lung, kidney, and other organs. In addition, adhesions which occur following surgical procedures are also inhibited by melatonin. The information reviewed here should be significant to understanding the protective role of melatonin against fibrosis, contribute to the design of further experimental studies related to melatonin and the fibrotic response and shed light on a potential treatment for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of General Surgery, Beidaihe Sanatorium, Beijing Military Area Command, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shouyin Di
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianjun Lv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of General Surgery, Beidaihe Sanatorium, Beijing Military Area Command, Qinhuangdao, China
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Abstract
Oxygen is used by eukaryotic cells for metabolic transformations and energy production in mitochondria. Under physiological conditions, there is a constant endogenous production of intermediates of reactive oxygen (ROI) and nitrogen species (RNI) that interact as signaling molecules in physiological mechanisms. When these species are not eliminated by antioxidants or are produced in excess, oxidative stress arises. Oxidative stress can damage proteins, lipids, DNA, and organelles. It is a process directly linked to inflammation; in fact, inflammatory cells secrete a large number of cytokines and chemokines responsible for the production of ROI and RNI in phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells through the activation of protein kinases signaling. Currently, there is a wide variety of diseases capable of producing inflammatory manifestations. While, in the short term, most of these diseases are not fatal they have a major impact on life quality. Since there is a direct relationship between chronic inflammation and many emerging disorders like cancer, oral diseases, kidney diseases, fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal chronic diseases or rheumatics diseases, the aim of this review is to describe the use and role of melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, that works directly and indirectly as a free radical scavenger, like a potent antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroha Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII Avenue, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII Avenue, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Clares
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja Street, Granada 18071, Spain.
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Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, García-Bernal D, Ros-Roca MDLÁ, Algueró MDC, Oñate-Sánchez RE, Camacho-Alonso F, Moraleda JM. Cytoprotective effects of melatonin on zoledronic acid-treated human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:855-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Li H, Pu Y, Gong S, Liu C, Jiang X, Tao J. Melatonin-mediated inhibition of Purkinje neuron P-type Ca²⁺ channels in vitro induces neuronal hyperexcitability through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent protein kinase C delta pathway. J Pineal Res 2015; 58:321-34. [PMID: 25707622 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although melatonin receptors are widely expressed in the mammalian central nervous system and peripheral tissues, there are limited data regarding the functions of melatonin in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Here, we identified a novel functional role of melatonin in modulating P-type Ca(2+) channels and action-potential firing in rat Purkinje neurons. Melatonin at 0.1 μm reversibly decreased peak currents (I(Ba)) by 32.9%. This effect was melatonin receptor 1 (MT(R1)) dependent and was associated with a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of inactivation. Pertussis toxin pretreatment, intracellular application of QEHA peptide, and a selective antibody raised against the Gβ subunit prevented the inhibitory effects of melatonin. Pretreatment with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors abolished the melatonin-induced decrease in I(Ba). Surprisingly, melatonin responses were not regulated by Akt, a common downstream target of PI3K. Melatonin treatment significantly increased protein kinase C (PKC) activity 2.1-fold. Antagonists of PKC, but not of protein kinase A, abolished the melatonin-induced decrease in I(Ba). Melatonin application increased the membrane abundance of PKCδ, and PKCδ inhibition (either pharmacologically or genetically) abolished the melatonin-induced IBa response. Functionally, melatonin increased spontaneous action-potential firing by 53.0%; knockdown of MT(R1) and blockade of P-type channels abolished this effect. Thus, our results suggest that melatonin inhibits P-type channels through MT(R1) activation, which is coupled sequentially to the βγ subunits of G(i/o)-protein and to downstream PI3K-dependent PKCδ signaling. This likely contributes to its physiological functions, including spontaneous firing of cerebellar Purkinje neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Geriatrics and Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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