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Abdelazeem H, Tu L, Thuillet R, Ottaviani M, Boulfrad A, Beck T, Senbel A, Mani S, Castier Y, Guyard A, Tran-Dinh A, El-Benna J, Longrois D, Silverstein AM, Guignabert C, Norel X. AMPK activation by metformin protects against pulmonary hypertension in rats and relaxes isolated human pulmonary artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 946:175579. [PMID: 36914083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with pulmonary vasoconstriction and endothelial dysfunction leading to impaired nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) pathways. Metformin, the first line treatment for type 2 diabetes and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, has been recently highlighted as a potential PH treatment. AMPK activation has been reported to improve endothelial function by enhancing endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity and to have relaxant effects in blood vessels. In this study, we examined the effect of metformin treatment on PH as well as on NO and PGI2 pathways in monocrotaline (MCT)-injected rats with established PH. Moreover, we investigated the anti-contractile effects of AMPK activators on endothelium-denuded human pulmonary arteries (HPA) from Non-PH and Group 3 PH patients (due to lung diseases and/or hypoxia). Furthermore, we explored the interaction between treprostinil and the AMPK/eNOS pathway. Our results showed that metformin protected against PH progression in MCT rats where it reduced the mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis compared to vehicle-treated MCT rats. The protective effects on rat lungs were mediated in part by increasing eNOS activity and protein kinase G-1 expression but not through the PGI2 pathway. In addition, incubation with AMPK activators reduced the phenylephrine-induced contraction of endothelium-denuded HPA from Non-PH and PH patients. Finally, treprostinil also augmented eNOS activity in HPA smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, we found that AMPK activation can enhance the NO pathway, attenuate vasoconstriction by direct effects on smooth muscles, and reverse established MCT-induced PH in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abdelazeem
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR_S 999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Raphaël Thuillet
- INSERM UMR_S 999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mina Ottaviani
- INSERM UMR_S 999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Achraf Boulfrad
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Beck
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Amira Senbel
- Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salma Mani
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France; Université de Monastir-Tunisia, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Tunisia
| | - Yves Castier
- Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alice Guyard
- Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alexy Tran-Dinh
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France; Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Dan Longrois
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France; Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Xavier Norel
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018, Paris, France.
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Sahinturk S. Metformin relaxes rat thoracic aorta via nitric oxide, AMPK, potassium channels, and PKC. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1030-1040. [PMID: 37605728 PMCID: PMC10440136 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.69728.15179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The present research aimed to identify the functional effects and underlying mechanisms of metformin on the rat thoracic aorta. Materials and Methods Thoracic aorta segments of Wistar Albino rats were put in the chambers of an isolated tissue bath system. The resting tone was adjusted to 1 g. Following the equilibration time, potassium chloride or phenylephrine was used to contract the vascular segments. The vessel segments were cumulatively treated with metformin (10-7-10-3 M) when a steady contraction was achieved. The described experimental approach was repeated after incubations with signaling pathway inhibitors and selective blockers of potassium channels to identify the effect mechanisms of metformin. Results Metformin had a potent vasorelaxant effect in a concentration-dependent way (P<0.001). After the endothelium was removed, the vasorelaxant effect level of metformin was significantly reduced. The level of vasorelaxant effect of metformin was increased by the maintenance of perivascular adipose tissue. Following administrations of L-NAME, methylene blue, compound C, BIM-I, and potassium channel blockers, the level of vasodilatory action of metformin was significantly reduced (P<0.001). Conclusion According to the results of this investigation, metformin significantly relaxes the thoracic aorta segments of rats. Metformin-mediated vasorelaxation involves the activation of numerous subtypes of potassium channels, including BKCa, IKCa, Kv, Kir, and K2p channels, as well as endothelium-dependent processes, including AMPK and eNOS/NO/sGS signaling pathways. Moreover, metformin-induced vasorelaxation is mediated through PVAT activation and the PKC signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Sahinturk
- Bursa Uludag University Medicine School, Physiology Department, Bursa, Turkey
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3
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Pyla R, Hartney TJ, Segar L. AICAR promotes endothelium-independent vasorelaxation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase via increased ZMP and decreased ATP/ADP ratio in aortic smooth muscle. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 33:759-768. [PMID: 35503763 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AICAR, an adenosine analog, has been shown to exhibit vascular protective effects through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, it remains unclear as to whether adenosine kinase-mediated ZMP formation or adenosine receptor activation contributes to AICAR-mediated AMPK activation and/or vasorelaxant response in vascular smooth muscle. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study using endothelium-denuded rat aortic ring preparations, isometric tension measurements revealed that exposure to 1 mM AICAR for 30 min resulted in inhibition of phenylephrine (1 μM)-induced smooth muscle contractility by ∼35%. Importantly, this vasorelaxant response by AICAR was prevented after pretreatment of aortic rings with an AMPK inhibitor (compound C, 40 µM) and adenosine kinase inhibitor (5-iodotubercidin, 1 µM), but not with an adenosine receptor blocker (8-sulfophenyltheophylline, 100 µM). Immunoblot analysis of respective aortic tissues showed that AMPK activation seen during vasorelaxant response by AICAR was abolished by compound C and 5-iodotubercidin, but not by 8-sulfophenyltheophylline, suggesting ZMP involvement in AMPK activation. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS MRM analysis revealed that exposure of aortic smooth muscle cells to 1 mM AICAR for 30 min enhanced ZMP level to 2014.9 ± 179.4 picomoles/mg protein (vs. control value of 8.5 ± 0.6; p<0.01), which was accompanied by a significant decrease in ATP/ADP ratio (1.08 ± 0.02 vs. 2.08 ± 0.06; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Together, the present findings demonstrate that AICAR-mediated ZMP elevation and the resultant AMPK activation in vascular smooth muscle contribute to vasorelaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Pyla
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.,Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Lakshman Segar
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.,Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA.,Vascular Biology Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Gokula V, Terrero D, Joe B. Six Decades of History of Hypertension Research at the University of Toledo: Highlighting Pioneering Contributions in Biochemistry, Genetics, and Host-Microbiota Interactions. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:669-685. [PMID: 36301488 PMCID: PMC9708772 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The study aims to capture the history and lineage of hypertension researchers from the University of Toledo in Ohio and showcase their collective scientific contributions dating from their initial discoveries of the physiology of adrenal and renal systems and genetics regulating blood pressure (BP) to its more contemporary contributions including microbiota and metabolomic links to BP regulation. RECENT FINDINGS The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences (UTCOMLS), previously known as the Medical College of Ohio, has contributed significantly to our understanding of the etiology of hypertension. Two of the scientists, Patrick Mulrow and John Rapp from UTCOMLS, have been recognized with the highest honor, the Excellence in Hypertension award from the American Heart Association for their pioneering work on the physiology and genetics of hypertension, respectively. More recently, Bina Joe has continued their legacy in the basic sciences by uncovering previously unknown novel links between microbiota and metabolites to the etiology of hypertension, work that has been recognized by the American Heart Association with multiple awards. On the clinical research front, Christopher Cooper and colleagues lead the CORAL trials and contributed importantly to the investigations on renal artery stenosis treatment paradigms. Hypertension research at this institution has not only provided these pioneering insights, but also grown careers of scientists as leaders in academia as University Presidents and Deans of Medical Schools. Through the last decade, the university has expanded its commitment to Hypertension research as evident through the development of the Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine led by Bina Joe as its founding Director. Hypertension being the top risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which is the leading cause of human mortality, is an important area of research in multiple international universities. The UTCOMLS is one such university which, for the last 6 decades, has made significant contributions to our current understanding of hypertension. This review is a synthesis of this rich history. Additionally, it also serves as a collection of audio archives by more recent faculty who are also prominent leaders in the field of hypertension research, including John Rapp, Bina Joe, and Christopher Cooper, which are cataloged at Interviews .
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Affiliation(s)
- Veda Gokula
- grid.267337.40000 0001 2184 944XCenter for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Building, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614-2598 USA
| | - David Terrero
- grid.267337.40000 0001 2184 944XDepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH USA
| | - Bina Joe
- grid.267337.40000 0001 2184 944XCenter for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Building, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614-2598 USA
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Ionică LN, Gaiță L, Bînă AM, Soșdean R, Lighezan R, Sima A, Malița D, Crețu OM, Burlacu O, Muntean DM, Sturza A. Metformin alleviates monoamine oxidase-related vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in rats with diet-induced obesity. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4019-4029. [PMID: 34216348 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, monoamine oxidase (MAO) with 2 isoforms, MAO-A and B, has emerged as an important source of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardio-metabolic pathologies. We have previously reported that MAO-related oxidative stress mediates endothelial dysfunction in rodent models of diabetes and diabetic patients; however, the role of MAO in the vascular impairment associated to obesity has not been investigated so far. Metformin (METF), the first-line drug in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been reported to elicit vasculoprotective effects via partially elucidated mechanisms. The present study was purported to assess the effects of METF on MAO expression, ROS production and vasomotor function of aortas isolated from rats with diet-induced obesity. After 24 weeks of high calorie junk food (HCJF) diet, isolated aortic rings were prepared and treated with METF (10 μM, 12 h incubation). Measurements of MAO expression (quantitative PCR and immune histochemistry), ROS production (spectrometry and immune-fluorescence) and vascular reactivity (myograph studies) were performed in rat aortic rings. MAO expression was upregulated in aortic rings isolated from obese rats together with an increase in ROS production and an impairment of vascular reactivity. METF decreased MAO expression and ROS generation, reduced vascular contractility and improved the endothelium-dependent relaxation in the diseased vascular preparations. In conclusion, METF elicited vascular protective effects via the mitigation of MAO-related oxidative stress in the rat model of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana N Ionică
- Department of Functional Sciences III, Discipline of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq., no. 2, 300041, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Laura Gaiță
- Department of Internal Medicine VII, Discipline of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq., no. 2, 300041, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Anca M Bînă
- Department of Functional Sciences III, Discipline of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq., no. 2, 300041, Timișoara, Romania.,Department of Internal Medicine VII, Discipline of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq., no. 2, 300041, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Raluca Soșdean
- Department of Cardiology VI, 2nd Discipline of Cardiology, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq., no. 2, 300041, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Rodica Lighezan
- Department of Infectious Diseases XIII, Discipline of Parasitology, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq., no. 2, 300041, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Sima
- Department of Internal Medicine VII, Discipline of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq., no. 2, 300041, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Malița
- Department XV, Discipline of Radiology and Medical Imagistics, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq., no. 2, 300041, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Octavian M Crețu
- Department of Surgery IX, Discipline of Surgical Semiotics 1, Center for Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, 300041, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Burlacu
- Department of Surgery IX, Discipline of Surgical Semiotics 1, Center for Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, 300041, Timișoara, Romania.
| | - Danina M Muntean
- Department of Functional Sciences III, Discipline of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq., no. 2, 300041, Timișoara, Romania.
| | - Adrian Sturza
- Department of Functional Sciences III, Discipline of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq., no. 2, 300041, Timișoara, Romania
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Clinacanthus nutans Leaves Extract Reverts Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Rats by Improving Protein Expression of eNOS. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7572892. [PMID: 32879653 PMCID: PMC7448219 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7572892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with endothelial dysfunction; it causes progressive vascular damage resulting from an impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. In the diabetes state, presence of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance predisposes to endothelial dysfunction. Clinacanthus nutans, widely used as a traditional medicine for diabetes is reported to have hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the possibility of C. nutans affecting the vascular endothelial function in diabetes remains unclear. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of C. nutans methanolic leaves extract (CNME) on endothelial function in a type 2 diabetes (T2DM) rat model. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n = 12 per group): nondiabetic control, nondiabetic treated with four weeks of CNME (500 mg/kg/daily), untreated diabetic rats, diabetic treated with metformin (300 mg/kg/daily), and diabetic treated with CNME (500 mg/kg/daily). T2DM was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) to rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD). Endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent relaxations and contractions of the thoracic aorta were determined using the organ bath. Aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was determined using Western blotting. Endothelial-dependent relaxation was reduced in diabetic rats. Both diabetic groups treated with CNME or metformin significantly improved the impairment in endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation; this was associated with increased expression of aortic eNOS protein. CNME- and metformin-treated groups also reduced aortic endothelium-dependent and aortic endothelium-independent contractions in diabetics. Both of these diabetic-treated groups also reduced blood glucose levels and increased body weight compared to the untreated diabetic group. In conclusion, C. nutans improves endothelial-dependent vasodilatation and reduces endothelial-dependent contraction, thus ameliorating endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats. This may occur due to its effect on increasing eNOS protein expression.
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Zhou TT, Zhao T, Ma F, Zhang YN, Jiang J, Ruan Y, Yan QY, Wang GH, Ren J, Guan XW, Guo J, Zhao YH, Ye JM, Hu LH, Chen J, Shen X. Small molecule IVQ, as a prodrug of gluconeogenesis inhibitor QVO, efficiently ameliorates glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1193-1204. [PMID: 30833709 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis is a major source of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), thus targeting gluconeogenesis to suppress glucose production is a promising strategy for anti-T2DM drug discovery. In our preliminary in vitro studies, we found that a small-molecule (E)-3-(2-(quinoline-4-yl)vinyl)-1H-indol-6-ol (QVO) inhibited the hepatic glucose production (HGP) in primary hepatocytes. We further revealed that QVO suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis involving calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β- and liver kinase B1-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways as well as AMPK-independent mitochondrial function-related signaling pathway. To evaluate QVO's anti-T2DM activity in vivo, which was impeded by the complicated synthesis route of QVO with a low yield, we designed and synthesized 4-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)vinyl]quinoline (IVQ) as a prodrug with easier synthesis route and higher yield. IVQ did not inhibit the HGP in primary hepatocytes in vitro. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that IVQ was quickly converted to QVO in mice and rats following administration. In both db/db and ob/ob mice, oral administration of IVQ hydrochloride (IVQ-HCl) (23 and 46 mg/kg every day, for 5 weeks) ameliorated hyperglycemia, and suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis and activated AMPK signaling pathway in the liver tissues. Furthermore, IVQ caused neither cardiovascular system dysfunction nor genotoxicity. The good druggability of IVQ has highlighted its potential in the treatment of T2DM and the prodrug design for anti-T2DM drug development.
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Liao S, Li D, Hui Z, McLachlan CS, Zhang Y. Chronic dosing with metformin plus bosentan decreases in vitro pulmonary artery contraction from isolated arteries in adults with pulmonary hypertension. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2019; 11:189-195. [PMID: 31579458 PMCID: PMC6759611 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2019.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) specific drug therapy using bosentan has significantly improved quality of life and survival, although PAH is still an incurable disease. Recent studies suggest metformin may have additional treatment benefits in PAH. We therefore investigated in vitro pulmonary artery reactivity after combination therapy of bosentan and metformin in PAH patients as compared with bosentan monotherapy in a prospective, randomized study.
Methods: Adult patients with PAH associated with congenital heart defects (PAH-CHD) were randomised to receive bosentan (initially at 62.5 mg twice daily for 4 weeks and then 125 mg twice daily) for 3 months with or without the combination treatment of metformin (500 mg twice daily). Vessel reactivity of isolated pulmonary arteries was examined using a wire myograph.
Results: Phenylephrine (PE)-induced contractions of arteries in patients received combination therapy were significantly attenuated at concentrations of 3 × 10-7 M, 10-6 M and 3 × 10-6 M, compared to those received bosentan monotherapy. After denudation, PE-induced contractions at concentrations of 3 × 10-6 M and 10-5 M were significantly decreased in the combination therapy group. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C abrogated the inhibitory effects of metformin on PE-induced contractility. AMPK and eNOS phosphorylation in the pulmonary arteries of patients treated with combination therapy was increased compared to monotherapy (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Adding metformin to bosentan therapy in patients with PAH-CHD decreased in vitro pulmonary artery contraction induced by PE, which is possibly related to increased AMPK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutan Liao
- Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng Hui
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Craig S McLachlan
- Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Liao S, Li D, Hui Z, McLachlan CS, Zhang Y. Metformin added to bosentan therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart defects: a pilot study. ERJ Open Res 2018; 4:00060-2018. [PMID: 30151369 PMCID: PMC6104295 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00060-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of a congenital heart defect (CHD). Recent studies suggest metformin may be a potential drug to improve cardiac function in PAH. A pilot study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of short-term treatment with a combination regimen consisting of bosentan and metformin in PAH-CHD patients as compared with bosentan monotherapy in a prospective, randomised study. Patients with PAH-CHD were randomised to receive bosentan (initially at 62.5 mg twice daily for 4 weeks and then 125 mg twice daily) for 3 months with or without the combination treatment of metformin (500 mg twice daily). 93 patients were enrolled to bosentan monotherapy (n=48) or bosentan/metformin combination treatment (n=45). After 3 months, both treatments significantly improved World Health Organization functional class, 6-min walking distance (6MWD), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and right heart haemodynamic parameters. The improvements in 6MWD and pulmonary vascular resistance index were significantly greater in patients treated with combination therapy than in those who received monotherapy (mean±sd 95±136 versus 48±119 m (p=0.017) and −1.8±1.2 versus −1.2±1.3 Wood units per m2 (p<0.001), respectively). Pulmonary endothelin (EDN)1 was significantly decreased after combination therapy (p=0.006). However, plasma EDN1 levels were not affected. Combination therapy with bosentan and metformin in PAH-CHD patients provides improvements in important outcomes such as exercise capacity and pulmonary haemodynamics, compared with bosentan alone. This study investigated, for the first time, the efficacy of a combination regimen consisting of bosentan and metformin in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart defect as compared with bosentan monotherapyhttp://ow.ly/n4nJ30kT98d
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutan Liao
- Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng Hui
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Craig S McLachlan
- Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Li Z, Ding Q, Ling LP, Wu Y, Meng DX, Li X, Zhang CQ. Metformin attenuates motility, contraction, and fibrogenic response of hepatic stellate cells in vivo and in vitro by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:819-832. [PMID: 29467552 PMCID: PMC5807940 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i7.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of metformin on activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the possible signaling pathways involved.
METHODS A fibrotic mouse model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and subsequent treatment with or without metformin. The level of fibrosis was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Sirius Red staining, and immunohistochemistry. The HSC cell line LX-2 was used for in vitro studies. The effect of metformin on cell proliferation (CCK8 assay), motility (scratch test and Transwell assay), contraction (collagen gel contraction assay), extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion (Western blot), and angiogenesis (ELISA and tube formation assay) was investigated. We also analyzed the possible signaling pathways involved by Western blot analysis.
RESULTS Mice developed marked liver fibrosis after intraperitoneal injection with CCl4 for 6 wk. Metformin decreased the activation of HSCs, reduced the deposition of ECM, and inhibited angiogenesis in CCl4-treated mice. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) promoted the fibrogenic response of HSCs in vitro, while metformin inhibited the activation, proliferation, migration, and contraction of HSCs, and reduced the secretion of ECM. Metformin decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in HSCs through inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α in both PDGF-BB treatment and hypoxic conditions, and it down-regulated VEGF secretion by HSCs and inhibited HSC-based angiogenesis in hypoxic conditions in vitro. The inhibitory effects of metformin on activated HSCs were mediated by inhibiting the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways via the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK).
CONCLUSION Metformin attenuates the fibrogenic response of HSCs in vivo and in vitro, and may therefore be useful for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Ping Ling
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dong-Xiao Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
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11
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McCarthy CG, Wenceslau CF, Ogbi S, Szasz T, Webb RC. Toll-Like Receptor 9-Dependent AMPK α Activation Occurs via TAK1 and Contributes to RhoA/ROCK Signaling and Actin Polymerization in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:60-71. [PMID: 29348267 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.245746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signals through an MyD88-dependent cascade that results in proinflammatory gene transcription. Recently, it was reported that TLR9 also participates in a stress tolerance signaling cascade in nonimmune cells. In this noncanonical pathway, TLR9 binds to and inhibits sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 (SERCA2), modulating intracellular calcium handling, and subsequently resulting in the activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα). We have previously reported that TLR9 causes increased contraction in isolated arteries; however, the mechanisms underlying this vascular dysfunction need to be further clarified. Therefore, we hypothesized that noncanonical TLR9 signaling was also present in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and that it mediates enhanced contractile responses through SERCA2 inhibition. To test these hypotheses, aortic microsomes, aortic VSMCs, and isolated arteries from male Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated with vehicle or TLR9 agonist (ODN2395). Despite clear AMPKα activation after treatment with ODN2395, SERCA2 activity was unaffected. Alternatively, ODN2395 caused the phosphorylation of AMPKα via transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a kinase involved in TLR9 inflammatory signaling. Downstream, we hypothesized that that TLR9 activation of AMPKα may be important in mediating actin cytoskeleton reorganization. ODN2395 significantly increased the filamentous-to-globular actin ratio, as well as indices of RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) activation, with the latter being prevented by AMPKα inhibition. In conclusion, AMPKα phosphorylation after TLR9 activation in VSMCs appears to be an extension of traditional inflammatory signaling via TAK1, as opposed to SERCA2 inhibition and the noncanonical pathway. Nonetheless, TLR9-AMPKα signaling can mediate VSMC function via RhoA/ROCK activation and actin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Safia Ogbi
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Theodora Szasz
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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12
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Nesti L, Natali A. Metformin effects on the heart and the cardiovascular system: A review of experimental and clinical data. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:657-669. [PMID: 28709719 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin, the eldest and most widely used glucose lowering drug, is likely to be effective also on cardiac and vascular disease prevention. Nonetheless, uncertainty still exists with regard to its effects on the cardiovascular system as a whole and specifically on the myocardium, both at the organ and cellular levels. METHODS We reviewed the available data on the cardiac and vascular effects of metformin, encompassing both in vitro, either tissue or isolated organ, and in vivo studies in experimental animals and humans, as well as the evidence generated by major clinical trials. RESULTS At the cellular level metformin's produces both AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) dependent and independent effects. At the systemic level, possibly also through other pathways, this drug improves endothelial function, protects from oxidative stress and inflammation, and from the negative effects of angiotensin II. On the myocardium it attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury and prevents adverse remodeling induced by humoral and hemodynamic factors. The effects on myocardial cell metabolism and contractile function being not evident at rest or in more advanced stages of cardiac dysfunction, could be relevant during transient ischemia, during an acute increase in workload and in the early stages of diabetic/hypertensive cardiomyopathy as confirmed by few small clinical trials and some observational studies. The overall evidence emerging from both clinical trials and real world registry is in favor of a protective effect of metformin with respect to both coronary events and progression to heart failure. CONCLUSIONS Given this potential, its efficacy and its safety (and also its low cost) metformin remains the central pillar of the therapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nesti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - A Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
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13
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Alfaras I, Di Germanio C, Bernier M, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Lakatta EG, de Cabo R. Pharmacological Strategies to Retard Cardiovascular Aging. Circ Res 2017; 118:1626-42. [PMID: 27174954 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.307475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death in the United States. Traditionally, the effort to prevent cardiovascular disease has been focused on addressing the conventional risk factors, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and high circulating levels of triglycerides. However, recent preclinical studies have identified new approaches to combat cardiovascular disease. Calorie restriction has been reproducibly shown to prolong lifespan in various experimental model animals. This has led to the development of calorie restriction mimetics and other pharmacological interventions capable to delay age-related diseases. In this review, we will address the mechanistic effects of aging per se on the cardiovascular system and focus on the prolongevity benefits of various therapeutic strategies that support cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alfaras
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Clara Di Germanio
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Michel Bernier
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Anna Csiszar
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.).
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14
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Zhang B, Guo X, Li Y, Peng Q, Gao J, Liu B, Wang M. d
-Chiro inositol ameliorates endothelial dysfunction via inhibition of oxidative stress and mitochondrial fission. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F University; YangLing Shaanxi, China
| | - Xudan Guo
- College of Basic Medicine; Hebei University of Chinese Medicine; Shijiazhuang China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Institute of agricultural products processing; Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences; Taiyuan China
| | - Qiang Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F University; YangLing Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- College of Agronomy; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research; Department of Complex Prescription of TCM; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F University; YangLing Shaanxi, China
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15
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Fu J, Han Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Zheng S, Zhou L, Jose PA, Zeng C. Irisin Lowers Blood Pressure by Improvement of Endothelial Dysfunction via AMPK-Akt-eNOS-NO Pathway in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003433. [PMID: 27912206 PMCID: PMC5210324 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is a major nonpharmacological treatment for hypertension, but its underlying mechanisms are still not completely elucidated. Irisin, a polypeptide containing 112 amino acids, which is secreted mainly by skeletal muscle cells during exercise, exerts a protective role in metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and obesity. Because of the close relationship between irisin and metabolic diseases, we hypothesized that irisin may play a role in the regulation of blood pressure. METHODS AND RESULTS Blood pressures of male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were monitored through the carotid artery. Our study found that acute intravenous injection of irisin reduced blood pressure in SHRs, but not WKY rats. Irisin, by itself, had no direct vasorelaxing effect in phenylephrine-preconstricted mesenteric arteries from SHRs. However, irisin augmented the acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation in mesenteric arteries from SHRs that could be reversed by Nω-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 μmol/L), indicating a role of nitric oxide (NO) in this action. Indeed, irisin increased NO production and phosphorylation of endothelial nirtic oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells. 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was involved in the vasorelaxing effect of irisin because compound C (20 μmol/L), an AMPK inhibitor, blocked the irisin-mediated increase in phosphorylation of eNOS and protein kinase B (Akt) in endothelial cells and vasodilation in mesenteric arteries. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that acute administration of irisin lowers blood pressure of SHRs by amelioration of endothelial dysfunction of the mesenteric artery through the AMPK-Akt-eNOS-NO signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yukai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Almukhtar H, Garle M, Smith P, Roberts R. Effect of simvastatin on vascular tone in porcine coronary artery: Potential role of the mitochondria. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 305:176-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Jankyova S, Rubintova D, Janosikova L, Panek P, Foltanova T, Kralova E. The Effects of Pycnogenol® as Add-on Drug to Metformin Therapy in Diabetic Rats. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1354-61. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Jankyova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy; Slovak Republic
| | - Dominika Rubintova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy; Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Janosikova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy; Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Panek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy; Slovak Republic
| | - Tatiana Foltanova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy; Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Kralova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy; Slovak Republic
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18
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Osman I, Segar L. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, attenuates PDGF-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K and ERK signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 101:54-70. [PMID: 26643070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARγ agonist that improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes through its insulin-sensitizing action, has been shown to exhibit beneficial effects in the vessel wall. For instance, it inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, a major event in atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. Although PPARγ-dependent and PPARγ-independent mechanisms have been attributed to its vasoprotective effects, the signaling events associated with PIO action in VSMCs are not fully understood. To date, the likely intermediary role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) toward PIO inhibition of VSMC proliferation has not been examined. Using human aortic VSMCs, the present study demonstrates that PIO activates AMPK in a sustained manner thereby contributing in part to inhibition of key proliferative signaling events. In particular, PIO at 30μM concentration activates AMPK to induce raptor phosphorylation, which diminishes PDGF-induced mTOR activity as evidenced by decreased phosphorylation of p70S6K, 4E-BP1, and S6 and increased accumulation of p27(kip1), a cell cycle inhibitor. In addition, PIO inhibits the basal phosphorylation of ERK in VSMCs. Downregulation of endogenous AMPK by target-specific siRNA reveals an AMPK-independent effect for PIO inhibition of ERK, which contributes in part to diminutions in cyclin D1 expression and Rb phosphorylation and the suppression of VSMC proliferation. Furthermore, AMPK-dependent inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K and AMPK-independent inhibition of ERK signaling occur regardless of PPARγ expression/activation in VSMCs as evidenced by gene silencing and pharmacological inhibition of PPARγ. Strategies that utilize nanoparticle-mediated PIO delivery at the lesion site may limit restenosis after angioplasty without inducing PPARγ-mediated systemic adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Osman
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lakshman Segar
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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19
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Pyla R, Pichavaram P, Fairaq A, Park MA, Kozak M, Kamath V, Patel VS, Segar L. Altered energy state reversibly controls smooth muscle contractile function in human saphenous vein during acute hypoxia-reoxygenation: Role of glycogen, AMP-activated protein kinase, and insulin-independent glucose uptake. Biochem Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26212549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is known to promote vasodilation of coronary vessels through several mediators including cardiac-derived adenosine and endothelium-derived prostanoids and nitric oxide. To date, the impact of endogenous glycogen depletion in vascular smooth muscle and the resultant alterations in cellular energy state (e.g., AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK) on the contractile response to G protein-coupled receptor agonists (e.g., serotonin, 5-HT) has not yet been studied. In the present study, ex vivo exposure of endothelium-denuded human saphenous vein rings to hypoxic and glucose-deprived conditions during KCl-induced contractions for 30 min resulted in a marked depletion of endogenous glycogen by ∼80% (from ∼1.78 μmol/g under normoxia to ∼0.36 μmol/g under hypoxia). Importantly, glycogen-depleted HSV rings, which were maintained under hypoxia/reoxygenation and glucose-deprived conditions, exhibited significant increases in basal AMPK phosphorylation (∼6-fold ↑) and 5-HT-induced AMPK phosphorylation (∼19-fold ↑) with an accompanying suppression of 5-HT-induced maximal contractile response (∼68% ↓), compared with respective controls. Exposure of glycogen-depleted HSV rings to exogenous D-glucose, but not the inactive glucose analogs, prevented the exaggerated increase in 5-HT-induced AMPK phosphorylation and restored 5-HT-induced maximal contractile response. In addition, the ability of exogenous D-glucose to rescue cellular stress and impaired contractile function occurred through GLUT1-mediated but insulin/GLUT4-independent mechanisms. Together, the present findings from clinically-relevant human saphenous vein suggest that the loss of endogenous glycogen in vascular smooth muscle and the resultant accentuation of AMPK phosphorylation by GPCR agonists may constitute a yet another mechanism of metabolic vasodilation of coronary vessels in ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Pyla
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Prahalathan Pichavaram
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Arwa Fairaq
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mary Anne Park
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Clinical Trials Office, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mark Kozak
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Vinayak Kamath
- Heart and Cardiovascular Health Services, Department of Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Vijay S Patel
- Heart and Cardiovascular Health Services, Department of Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lakshman Segar
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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