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Liu GH, Yao ZQ, Chen GQ, Li YL, Liang B. Potential Benefits of Green Tea in Prostate Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Comprehensive Review. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-4100-2. [PMID: 38561489 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-4100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a prevalent and debilitating disease that necessitates effective prevention and treatment strategies. Green tea, a well-known beverage derived from the Camellia sinensis plant, contains bioactive compounds with potential health benefits, including catechins and polyphenols. This comprehensive review aims to explore the potential benefits of green tea in prostate cancer prevention and treatment by examining existing literature. Green tea possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties attributed to its catechins, particularly epigallocatechin gallate. Epidemiological studies have reported an inverse association between green tea consumption and prostate cancer risk, with potential protection against aggressive forms of the disease. Laboratory studies demonstrate that green tea components inhibit tumor growth, induce apoptosis, and modulate signaling pathways critical to prostate cancer development and progression. Clinical trials and human studies further support the potential benefits of green tea. Green tea consumption has been found to be associated with a reduction in prostate-specific antigen levels, tumor markers, and played a potential role in slowing disease progression. However, challenges remain, including optimal dosage determination, formulation standardization, and conducting large-scale, long-term clinical trials. The review suggests future research should focus on combinatorial approaches with conventional therapies and personalized medicine strategies to identify patient subgroups most likely to benefit from green tea interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hong Liu
- Department of Urology, Sanya Central Hospital (The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province), Sanya City, Hainan Province, 572000, China
| | - Ze-Qin Yao
- Department of Urology, Sanya Central Hospital (The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province), Sanya City, Hainan Province, 572000, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Sanya Central Hospital (The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province), Sanya City, Hainan Province, 572000, China
| | - Ya-Lang Li
- Department of Urology, Yuzhou People's Hospital, Xuchang City, Henan Province, 461670, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Department of Urology, Sanya Central Hospital (The Third People's Hospital of Hainan Province), Sanya City, Hainan Province, 572000, China.
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Rafikova G, Gilyazova I, Enikeeva K, Pavlov V, Kzhyshkowska J. Prostate Cancer: Genetics, Epigenetics and the Need for Immunological Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12797. [PMID: 37628978 PMCID: PMC10454494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data highlight prostate cancer as a significant global health issue, with high incidence and substantial impact on patients' quality of life. The prevalence of this disease is associated with various factors, including age, heredity, and race. Recent research in prostate cancer genetics has identified several genetic variants that may be associated with an increased risk of developing the disease. However, despite the significance of these findings, genetic markers for prostate cancer are not currently utilized in clinical practice as reliable indicators of the disease. In addition to genetics, epigenetic alterations also play a crucial role in prostate cancer development. Aberrant DNA methylation, changes in chromatin structure, and microRNA (miRNA) expression are major epigenetic events that influence oncogenesis. Existing markers for prostate cancer, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), have limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The cost of testing, follow-up procedures, and treatment for false-positive results and overdiagnosis contributes to the overall healthcare expenditure. Improving the effectiveness of prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis requires either narrowing the risk group by identifying new genetic factors or enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of existing markers. Immunological biomarkers (both circulating and intra-tumoral), including markers of immune response and immune dysfunction, represent a potentially useful area of research for enhancing the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Our review emphasizes the need for developing novel immunological biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of prostate cancer. We highlight the most recent achievements in the identification of biomarkers provided by circulating monocytes and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We highlight that monocyte-derived and TAM-derived biomarkers can enable to establish the missing links between genetic predisposition, hormonal metabolism and immune responses in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzel Rafikova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450077 Ufa, Russia (K.E.); (V.P.)
| | - Irina Gilyazova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450077 Ufa, Russia (K.E.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Kadriia Enikeeva
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450077 Ufa, Russia (K.E.); (V.P.)
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Bashkir State Medical University, 450077 Ufa, Russia (K.E.); (V.P.)
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Genetic Technology Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunosciences (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Mols F, Schoormans D, Netea-Maier R, Husson O, Beijer S, Van Deun K, Zandee W, Kars M, Wouters van Poppel PCM, Simsek S, van Battum P, Kisters JMH, de Boer JP, Massolt E, van Leeuwaarde R, Oranje W, Roerink S, Vermeulen M, van de Poll-Franse L. Determinants and mediating mechanisms of quality of life and disease-specific symptoms among thyroid cancer patients: the design of the WaTCh study. Thyroid Res 2023; 16:23. [PMID: 37424010 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-023-00165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer (TC) patients are understudied but appear to be at risk for poor physical and psychosocial outcomes. Knowledge of the course and determinants of these deteriorated outcomes is lacking. Furthermore, little is known about mediating biological mechanisms. OBJECTIVES The WaTCh-study aims to; 1. Examine the course of physical and psychosocial outcomes. 2. Examine the association of demographic, environmental, clinical, physiological, and personality characteristics to those outcomes. In other words, who is at risk? 3. Reveal the association of mediating biological mechanisms (inflammation, kynurenine pathway) with poor physical and psychological outcomes. In other words, why is a person at risk? DESIGN AND METHODS Newly diagnosed TC patients from 13 Dutch hospitals will be invited. Data collection will take place before treatment, and at 6, 12 and 24 months after diagnosis. Sociodemographic and clinical information is available from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Patients fill-out validated questionnaires at each time-point to assess quality of life, TC-specific symptoms, physical activity, anxiety, depression, health care use, and employment. Patients are asked to donate blood three times to assess inflammation and kynurenine pathway. Optionally, at each occasion, patients can use a weighing scale with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) system to assess body composition; can register food intake using an online food diary; and can wear an activity tracker to assess physical activity and sleep duration/quality. Representative Dutch normative data on the studied physical and psychosocial outcomes is already available. IMPACT WaTCh will reveal the course of physical and psychosocial outcomes among TC patients over time and answers the question who is at risk for poor outcomes, and why. This knowledge can be used to provide personalized information, to improve screening, to develop and provide tailored treatment strategies and supportive care, to optimize outcomes, and ultimately increase the number of TC survivors that live in good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floortje Mols
- CoRPS - Center of Research On Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Dounya Schoormans
- CoRPS - Center of Research On Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Romana Netea-Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Husson
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Beijer
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Katrijn Van Deun
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Zandee
- Department of Endocrinology, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kars
- Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Suat Simsek
- Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan Paul de Boer
- Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elske Massolt
- Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel van Leeuwaarde
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Lonneke van de Poll-Franse
- CoRPS - Center of Research On Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Mishra AP, Singh P, Yadav S, Nigam M, Seidel V, Rodrigues CF. Role of the Dietary Phytochemical Curcumin in Targeting Cancer Cell Signalling Pathways. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091782. [PMID: 37176840 PMCID: PMC10180989 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The diarylheptanoid curcumin [(1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione] is one of the phenolic pigments responsible for the yellow colour of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). This phytochemical has gained much attention in recent years due to its therapeutic potential in cancer. A range of drug delivery approaches have been developed to optimise the pharmacokinetic profile of curcumin and ensure that it reaches its target sites. Curcumin exhibits numerous biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, and anti-aging activities. It has also been extensively studied for its role as a cancer chemopreventive and anticancer agent. This review focusses on the role of curcumin in targeting the cell signalling pathways involved in cancer, particularly via modulation of growth factors, transcription factors, kinases and other enzymes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins. It is hoped that this study will help future work on the potential of curcumin to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Pratichi Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shikha Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Celia Fortuna Rodrigues
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário-CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
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Nan L, Guo K, Li M, Wu Q, Huo S. Development and validation of a multi-parameter nomogram for predicting prostate cancer: a retrospective analysis from Handan Central Hospital in China. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12912. [PMID: 35256916 PMCID: PMC8898009 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the possible predicting factors related to prostate cancer and develop a validated nomogram for predicting the probability of patients with prostate cancer. Method Clinical data of 697 patients who underwent prostate biopsy in Handan Central Hospital from January 2014 to January 2020 were retrospectively collected. Cases were randomized into two groups: 80% (548 cases) as the development group, and 20% (149 cases) as the validation group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent risk factors for prostate cancer. The nomogram prediction model was generated using the finalized independent risk factors. Decision curve analysis (DCA) and the area under receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) of both development group and validation group were calculated and compared to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the nomogram prediction model. Clinical utility curve (CUC) helped to decide the desired cut-off value for the prediction model. The established nomogram with Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial Derived Cancer Risk Calculator (PCPT-CRC) and other domestic prediction models using the entire study population were compared. Results The independent risk factors determined through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were: age, tPSA, fPSA, PV, DRE, TRUS and BMI. Nomogram prediction model was developed with the cut-off value of 0.31. The AUC of development group and validation group were 0.856 and 0.797 respectively. DCA exhibits consistent observations with the findings. Through validating our prediction model as well as other three domestic prediction models based on the entire study population of 697 cases, our prediction model demonstrated significantly higher predictive value than all the other models. Conclusion The nomogram for predicting prostate cancer can facilitate more accurate evaluation of the probability of having prostate cancer, and provide better ground for prostate biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Nan
- Department of Urology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Cardiac Department, Turku City Hospital, Turku, Varsinais-suomi, Finland
| | - Mingmin Li
- Out-patient Department, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Urology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Shaojun Huo
- Department of Urology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
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Targeting Inflammatory Signaling in Prostate Cancer Castration Resistance. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215000. [PMID: 34768524 PMCID: PMC8584457 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) as a whole, by its name, refers to the tumors that relapse and/or regrow independently of androgen after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), untreated tumor, even in early-stage primary prostate cancer (PCa), contains androgen-independent (AI) PCa cells. The transformation of androgen-dependent (AD) PCa to AI PCa under ADT is a forced evolutionary process, in which the small group of AI PCa cells that exist in primary tumors has the unique opportunity to proliferate and expand selectively and dominantly, while some AD PCa cells that have escaped from ADT-induced death acquire the capability to survive in an androgen-depleted environment. The adaptation and reprogramming of both PCa cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) under ADT make PCa much stronger than primary tumors so that, currently, there are no effective therapeutic methods available for the treatment of CRPC. Many mechanisms have been found to be related to the emergence and maintenance of PCa castration resistance; in this review, we focus on the role of inflammatory signaling in both PCa cells and the TME for the emergence and maintenance of CRPC and summarize the recent advances of therapeutic strategies that target inflammatory signaling for the treatment of CRPC.
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Zoi V, Galani V, Lianos GD, Voulgaris S, Kyritsis AP, Alexiou GA. The Role of Curcumin in Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091086. [PMID: 34572272 PMCID: PMC8464730 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol extracted from the rhizomes of the turmeric plant, Curcuma longa which has anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Chronic inflammation is associated with the development of cancer. Curcumin acts on the regulation of various immune modulators, including cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which partly explains its anticancer effects. It also takes part in the downregulation of growth factors, protein kinases, oncogenic molecules and various signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling. Clinical trials of curcumin have been completed or are ongoing for various types of cancer. This review presents the molecular mechanisms of curcumin in different types of cancer and the evidence from the most recent clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Zoi
- Neurosurgical Institute, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (V.Z.); (S.V.); (A.P.K.)
- Department of Anatomy Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Galani
- Department of Anatomy Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Georgios D. Lianos
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Spyridon Voulgaris
- Neurosurgical Institute, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (V.Z.); (S.V.); (A.P.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine Ioannina, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Athanasios P. Kyritsis
- Neurosurgical Institute, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (V.Z.); (S.V.); (A.P.K.)
| | - George A. Alexiou
- Neurosurgical Institute, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (V.Z.); (S.V.); (A.P.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine Ioannina, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Tian QX, Zhang ZH, Ye QL, Xu S, Hong Q, Xing WY, Chen L, Yu DX, Xu DX, Xie DD. Melatonin Inhibits Migration and Invasion in LPS-Stimulated and -Unstimulated Prostate Cancer Cells Through Blocking Multiple EMT-Relative Pathways. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2253-2265. [PMID: 34079331 PMCID: PMC8164707 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s305450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gram-negative bacteria are usually found in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues. This study aims to investigate the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a glycolipid compound found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, on the migration and invasion of PCa cells, and to evaluate the protective effect of melatonin. MATERIALS AND METHODS DU145, PC-3 and LNCaP cells were incubated with LPS in the presence or absence of melatonin. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to analyze migration and invasion of PCa cells. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to assess the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Co-IP was used to analyze β-catenin ubiquitination. RESULTS Our results showed that LPS promoted migration and invasion of PCa cells. In addition, LPS stimulated inflammatory reaction and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PCa cells by activating several TLR4 downstream pathways. Specifically, LPS promoted NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 signal transduction. In addition, LPS upregulated phosphorylation levels of cytoplasmic AKTSer473 and GSK-3βSer9. Moreover, LPS induced phosphorylation of GSK-3βSer9 in the "disruption complex", and then inhibited phosphorylation and ubiquitination of cytoplasmic β-catenin, leading to β-catenin nuclear translocation. Interestingly, melatonin inhibited invasion and migration not only in LPS-stimulated but also in LPS-unstimulated PCa cells. Melatonin suppressed PCa cells migration and invasion by blocking EMT mediated by IL-6/STAT3, AKT/GSK-3β and β-catenin pathways. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that melatonin inhibits migration and invasion through blocking multiple TLR4 downstream EMT-associated pathways both in LPS-stimulated and -unstimulated PCa cells. Our results provide new insights into the role of bacterial infection in PCa metastasis and a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Xing Tian
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Lin Ye
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shen Xu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Hong
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yang Xing
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Xin Yu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Dong Xie
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China
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Akbarian F, Dadkhah F, Campbell A, Asadi F, Ahangari G. Characterization of Dopamine Receptor Associated Drugs on the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1160-1171. [PMID: 32867661 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620999200831110243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine Receptor (DR) gene family play an essential role in the regulation of Interleukin- 6 (IL-6) production. Our prior analysis of human prostate biopsy samples demonstrated the increased expression of IL-6 and a downregulating trend for dopamine receptor gene family. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the expression of dopamine receptors, their catabolizing enzyme and IL-6 in prostate cancer cell lines and assess pharmacological effect of dopamine receptor modulators as a novel class of drugs repurposed for the treatment of prostate cancer. METHODS The therapeutic effect of dopamine, DR agonists, and DR antagonist were examined using LNCaP and PC3 cell lines. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed by MTT assay and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression analysis, respectively. Furthermore, bax/bcl2 ratio, immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometric assay were performed for apoptosis analysis. RT- qPCR analysis was used to characterize the relative expression of dopamine-related genes, catabolic enzyme Catechol-o-Methyl-Transferase (COMT) and IL-6 before and after treatment to assess the therapeutic effects of drugs. RESULTS LNCaP cells express DRD1, DRD2, DRD5 and COMT genes and PC3 cells only express IL-6 gene. In-vitro, dopamine receptor agonists reduced cell viability of LNCaP and PC3 cells. In contrast, dopamine and dopamine receptor antagonist significantly increased tumor growth in PC3 cells. CONCLUSION Our results offer novel suggestion for a pathogenic role of dopamine receptor signaling in prostate cancer adenocarcinoma and indicates that modulators of DR- IL-6 pathway, including FDA-approved drug bromocriptine, might be utilized as novel drug repurposing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Akbarian
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Dadkhah
- Department of Surgical Urology, Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Campbell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Farrokh Asadi
- Department of Adult Health and Gerontological Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Ghasem Ahangari
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Proliferative Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Tumor Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155571. [PMID: 32759830 PMCID: PMC7432113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a bidimensional novel material that exhibits high biocompatibility and angiogenic properties, mostly related to the intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this work, we set up an experimental methodology for the fabrication of GO@peptide hybrids by the immobilization, via irreversible physical adsorption, of the Ac-(GHHPH)4-NH2 peptide sequence, known to mimic the anti-angiogenic domain of the histidine-proline-rich glycoprotein (HPRG). The anti-proliferative capability of the graphene-peptide hybrids were tested in vitro by viability assays on prostate cancer cells (PC-3 line), human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), and human retinal endothelial cells (primary HREC). The anti-angiogenic response of the two cellular models of angiogenesis, namely endothelial and prostate cancer cells, was scrutinized by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release and wound scratch assays, to correlate the activation of inflammatory response upon the cell treatments with the GO@peptide nanocomposites to the cell migration processes. Results showed that the GO@peptide nanoassemblies not only effectively induced toxicity in the prostate cancer cells, but also strongly blocked the cell migration and inhibited the prostaglandin-mediated inflammatory process both in PC-3 and in HRECs. Moreover, the cytotoxic mechanism and the internalization efficiency of the theranostic nanoplatforms, investigated by mitochondrial ROS production analyses and confocal microscopy imaging, unraveled a dose-dependent manifold mechanism of action performed by the hybrid nanoassemblies against the PC-3 cells, with the detection of the GO-characteristic cell wrapping and mitochondrial perturbation. The obtained results pointed out to the very promising potential of the synthetized graphene-based hybrids for cancer therapy.
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Kim TJ, Koo KC. Current Status and Future Perspectives of Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5484. [PMID: 32751945 PMCID: PMC7432105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical spectrum of prostate cancer (PCa) varies from castration-naive to metastatic castration-resistant disease. Despite the administration of androgen synthesis inhibitors and chemotherapy regimens for castration-resistant prostate cancer, the treatment options for this entity are limited. The utilization of the immune system against cancer cells shows potential as a therapeutic modality for various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. With technological advances over the last decade, immunotherapy has become an integral treatment modality for advanced solid tumors. The feasibility of immunotherapy has shown promise for patients with PCa, and with advances in molecular diagnostic platforms and our understanding of immune mechanisms, immunotherapy is reemerging as a potential treatment modality for PCa. Various combinations of individualized immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockers with androgen receptor-targeted therapies and conventional cytotoxic agents show promise. This article will review the current status of immunotherapy, including new discoveries and precision approaches to PCa, and discuss future directions in the continuously evolving landscape of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, C.H.A. Bundang Medical Center, University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea;
| | - Kyo Chul Koo
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Korea
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12
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Abd. Wahab NA, H. Lajis N, Abas F, Othman I, Naidu R. Mechanism of Anti-Cancer Activity of Curcumin on Androgen-Dependent and Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:E679. [PMID: 32131560 PMCID: PMC7146610 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease and ranked as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males worldwide. The global burden of PCa keeps rising regardless of the emerging cutting-edge technologies for treatment and drug designation. There are a number of treatment options which are effectively treating localised and androgen-dependent PCa (ADPC) through hormonal and surgery treatments. However, over time, these cancerous cells progress to androgen-independent PCa (AIPC) which continuously grow despite hormone depletion. At this particular stage, androgen depletion therapy (ADT) is no longer effective as these cancerous cells are rendered hormone-insensitive and capable of growing in the absence of androgen. AIPC is a lethal type of disease which leads to poor prognosis and is a major contributor to PCa death rates. A natural product-derived compound, curcumin has been identified as a pleiotropic compound which capable of influencing and modulating a diverse range of molecular targets and signalling pathways in order to exhibit its medicinal properties. Due to such multi-targeted behaviour, its benefits are paramount in combating a wide range of diseases including inflammation and cancer disease. Curcumin exhibits anti-cancer properties by suppressing cancer cells growth and survival, inflammation, invasion, cell proliferation as well as possesses the ability to induce apoptosis in malignant cells. In this review, we investigate the mechanism of curcumin by modulating multiple signalling pathways such as androgen receptor (AR) signalling, activating protein-1 (AP-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/the serine/threonine kinase (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), wingless (Wnt)/ß-catenin signalling, and molecular targets including nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and cyclin D1 which are implicated in the development and progression of both types of PCa, ADPC and AIPC. In addition, the role of microRNAs and clinical trials on the anti-cancer effects of curcumin in PCa patients were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Azwa Abd. Wahab
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (N.A.A.W.); (I.O.)
| | - Nordin H. Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.L.); (F.A.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (N.A.A.W.); (I.O.)
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (N.A.A.W.); (I.O.)
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Attenuation of NAD[P]H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 aggravates prostate cancer and tumor cell plasticity through enhanced TGFβ signaling. Commun Biol 2020; 3:12. [PMID: 31909204 PMCID: PMC6941961 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
NAD[P]H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) regulates cell fate decisions in response to stress. Oxidative stress supports cancer maintenance and progression. Previously we showed that knockdown of NQO1 (NQO1low) prostate cancer cells upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines and survival under hormone-deprived conditions. Here, we tested the ability of NQO1low cells to form tumors. We found NQO1low cells form aggressive tumors compared with NQO1high cells. Biopsy specimens and circulating tumor cells showed biochemical recurrent prostate cancer was associated with low NQO1. NQO1 silencing was sufficient to induce SMAD-mediated TGFβ signaling and mesenchymal markers. TGFβ treatment decreased NQO1 levels and induced molecular changes similar to NQO1 knockdown cells. Functionally, NQO1 depletion increased migration and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Collectively, this work reveals a possible new gatekeeper role for NQO1 in counteracting cellular plasticity in prostate cancer cells. Further, combining NQO1 with TGFβ signaling molecules may serve as a better signature to predict biochemical recurrence. Thapa et al find that depletion of the antioxidant enzyme NAD[P]H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) accelerates prostate tumorigenesis and induces the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by activating TGFβ signaling. They also find that low NQO1 is associated with mesenchymal signature and biochemical recurrence in clinical samples.
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Li Q, Xu J, He Z, Wen X, Wang F, Zhang P, Li J, Song B, Wang Q, Li R, Huang H. The Effects of Matrine in Combination with Docetaxel on Castration-Resistant (Androgen-Independent) Prostate Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10125-10133. [PMID: 31819645 PMCID: PMC6896908 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s213419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrine (MAT) exhibits higher efficacy of chemotherapy when it is combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs; however, the therapeutic efficacy of matrine in combination with docetaxel (DOC) for prostate cancer, or even androgen-independent prostate cancer, remains poorly understood and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been clearly defined. In the present study, we investigated whether matrine combined with docetaxel can strengthen anti-cancer effect. METHODS In this study, 7 groups were established, including (1) blank control group (cells). (2) 0.1 g/L MAT group, (3) 0.5 g/L MAT group, (4) 0.1 g/L MAT+ 50 μg/L DOC group, (5) 0.5 g/L MAT+ 50 μg/L DOC group, (6) 0.1 g/L MAT+ 100 μg/L DOC group, and (7) 0.5 g/L MAT+ 100 μg/L DOC group. MTS assay was performed to detect the anti-proliferative effects of each group on DU145 and PC-3 cells. At the same time, Transwell assay was performed to detect anti-migrative and anti-invasive effects of each group on DU145 and PC-3 cells. Biochemical colorimetric method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to detect the levels of LDH, IL-1β and IL-18 of each group on DU145 and PC-3 cells. Flow cytometry (FCM) assay was used to do the apoptosis analysis on DU145 and PC-3 cells of each group. At last, Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the expression levels of caspase1 in cells of each group. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 17.0 (SPSS Inc, USA) software, and one-way ANOVA and Fisher's exact test was taken. RESULTS MTS assay showed that matrine combined with docetaxel could inhibit both DU145 and PC-3 cells' proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Transwell assay showed that matrine combined with docetaxel could inhibit both DU145 and PC-3 cells' migration and invasion in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The levels of LDH, IL-1β and IL-18 of matrine combined with docetaxel-treated DU145 and PC-3 cells were significantly increased, compared with the untreated control cells. Flow cytometry, as well as Annexin-V/PI staining, showed a significant and dose-dependent increase in the number of early, as well as late-stage apoptotic cells in both DU145 and PC-3 cells compared with the untreated control cells. Western blot analysis showed that matrine combined with docetaxel treatment led to the expression of caspase1 in both DU145 and PC-3 cells. CONCLUSION It may be more effective to use matrine in combination with docetaxel to treat androgen-resistant prostate cancer because matrine can help to affect proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, metabolism, and have anti-inflammation effect on the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The PLA General Hospital, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ronghai Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urology, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510120, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Akbarian F, Abolhasani M, Dadkhah F, Asadi F, Ahangari G. Novel Insight into Differential Gene Expression and Clinical Significance of Dopamine Receptors, COMT, and IL6 in BPH and Prostate Cancer. Curr Mol Med 2019; 19:605-619. [PMID: 31288722 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190709180146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) are the most prevalent diseases in male population, implicated with fundamental differences between benign and malignant growth of prostate cells. An imbalance through a network of nervous, endocrine, and immune systems initiate a signal of altered growth from the brain to the prostate gland, leading to adverse effects such as inflammation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression of dopamine receptor family, COMT, and IL6 to identify novel correlations in BPH and PCa in both blood and tumor of the patients. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from BPH (n= 30) and PCa (n= 30) patients, and prostate tumor tissues (n= 14) along with pathologically normal adjacent tissues (n= 14) were isolated, mRNA was extracted, and cDNA was synthesized, respectively. Quantitative real- time PCR was applied for DRD1- DRD5, COMT, and IL6 genes in all samples. RESULTS We found, for the first time, that the expression of COMT and IL6 genes were inversely correlated with the expression of DRD1 and DRD2 genes through the extent of differentiation of PCa from BPH condition. In addition, the PSA levels were correlated with the expression of DRD1 in BPH cases and DRD1, DRD4, DRD5, and IL6 in PCa cases. CONCLUSION Results implicate a potential cross- talk between the signaling pathways derived by IL6 cytokine and dopamine receptors in PCa. Thus, it seems promising to reassemble the consequent signaling pathways by adequate agonists and antagonists to help increase therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Akbarian
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Dadkhah
- Department of Surgical Urology, Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farrokh Asadi
- Department of Adult Health and Gerontological Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Ghasem Ahangari
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Afdal A, Darwin E, Yanwirasti Y, Hamid R. The Expression of Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 and Interleukin-6 on Human Prostate: Prostate Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1905-1910. [PMID: 31406527 PMCID: PMC6684422 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer are two of the most common pathological condition of the prostate to be found on male. Both of these diseases share common pathogenesis involving inflammation of prostatic tissues. Chronic inflammation will induce the release of cytokines, followed by cells injury and tissues damage. One of the cytokines that play a role in prostate pathology is IL-6. The inflammation will also induce the releases of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TGFβ-1. AIM This study aims to analyse the expression of IL-6 and TGFβ-1, in prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is an observational study, using paraffin-embedded tissue samples of prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Samples were obtained from the laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the cytokine expression, and a semiqunatitaves measurement according to Immunoreactive score (IRS) was performed for evaluation. For the TGFβ-1, the stromal expression was also analysed by measurement of the stromal stained area. The correlation of cytokine expression to Gleason index score was also analysed in prostate cancer. RESULTS The result showed that this study found that TGFβ-1 was detected both in the stromal component as well as epithelial. With the stromal being the dominant site of expression. The stromal TGFβ-1 expression was of significantly higher in prostate hyperplasia compares to prostate cancer (p < 0.05), while the epithelial expression of TGFβ-1 was not found to be significantly different. IL-6 was mostly expressed intracytoplasmic in epithelia. The IL-6 expression was significantly higher in prostate cancer compared to hyperplasia. However, there was no significant correlation to found between IL-6 expression to the Gleason Score among prostate cancers. CONCLUSION This study concluded that there were differences in expression of both TGFβ-1 and IL-6 between prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer tissue by immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afdal Afdal
- Postgraduate Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Eryati Darwin
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | | | - Rizal Hamid
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesia University, Jakarta, Indonesia
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17
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Koo KC, Lee JS, Ha JS, Han KS, Lee KS, Hah YS, Rha KH, Hong SJ, Chung BH. Optimal sequencing strategy using docetaxel and androgen receptor axis-targeted agents in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer: utilization of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. World J Urol 2019; 37:2375-2384. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-02658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Kido LA, de Almeida Lamas C, Maróstica MR, Cagnon VHA. Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model: A good alternative to study PCa progression and chemoprevention approaches. Life Sci 2019; 217:141-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Madrigal‐Martínez A, Constâncio V, Lucio‐Cazaña FJ, Fernández‐Martínez AB. PROSTAGLANDIN E
2
stimulates cancer‐related phenotypes in prostate cancer PC3 cells through cyclooxygenase‐2. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7548-7559. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera Constâncio
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
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20
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Shang Z, Wang X, Yan H, Cui B, Wang Q, Wu J, Cui X, Li J, Ou T, Yang K. Intake of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2018; 8:437. [PMID: 30406025 PMCID: PMC6206266 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological evidences regarding the association between the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the risk of prostate cancer (PC) is still controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the controversy that exists. Methods: Electronic databases including Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, BIOSIS, Scopus, CBM, CNKI, WANFANG, and CQVIP were used to search for and identify eligible studies published until December 31, 2017. Pooled effect estimates for the relative risk (RR) were computed through fixed-effects or random-effects models as appropriate. Publication bias was evaluated by Egger's and Begg's tests and potential sources of heterogeneity were investigated in subgroup analyses. Results: A total of 43 observational studies were eligible for this meta-analysis. A protective effect was identified for the intake of any NSAIDs on the risk of PC (pooled RR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81–0.98). Moreover, the long-term intake of NSAIDs (≥5 years rather than ≥4 years) was associated with reduced PC incidence (pooled RR = 0.882, 95% CI = 0.785–0.991). Aspirin intake was also associated with a 7.0% risk reduction of PC (pooled RR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.89–0.96). The inverse association became stronger for advanced PC and PC with a Gleason score ≥7 compared to the association with total PC. Interestingly, it was the daily dose (≥1 pill/day) rather than, long-term aspirin intake (≥4 or ≥5 years) that was associated with reduced PC incidence (pooled RR = 0.875, 95% CI = 0.792–0.967). The pooled effects for non-aspirin NSAIDs demonstrated no significantly adverse or beneficial effects on total PC, advanced PC, or PC with Gleason score ≥7, though all pooled RRs were >1. Conclusions: Our findings suggested a protective effect of the intake of any NSAIDs on the risk of PC, especially in those who took the NSAIDs for a long period. Moreover, aspirin intake was also associated with a decreased risk of PC, and there was a dose related association between aspirin intake and the risk of PC, while no significant effects of long-term aspirin intake were found on the PC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Shang
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Library, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangtao Wu
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tongwen Ou
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Abdominal obesity and prostate cancer risk: epidemiological evidence from the EPICAP study. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34485-34494. [PMID: 30349643 PMCID: PMC6195387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of several cancers, but inconsistent results have been observed between body mass index (BMI) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. However, some associations have been reported with other indicators such as waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). We investigated the role of anthropometric indicators in PCa risk based on data from the Epidemiological study of Prostate Cancer (EPICAP). EPICAP is a population-based case-control study that included 819 incident PCa in 2012–2013 and 879 controls frequency matched by age. Anthropometric indicators (weight, height, WC, and hip circumference) have been measured at interview. Logistic regression models were used to assess odds ratios (ORs) for the associations between anthropometric indicators (BMI, WC and WHR) and PCa risk. We observed a slight, but not significant increased risk of PCa for men with a WC > 94 cm (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.92–1.56) and for men with a WHR ≥ 0.95 (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.00–1.70 between 0.95 and 1.00, OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.96–1.61 above 1.00). Associations were more pronounced after adjustment and stratification for BMI and in men with aggressive PCa. Our results suggest that abdominal obesity may be associated with an increased risk of PCa, especially aggressive PCa.
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Silva RS, Kido LA, Montico F, Vendramini-Costa DB, Pilli RA, Cagnon VHA. Steroidal hormone and morphological responses in the prostate anterior lobe in different cancer grades after Celecoxib and Goniothalamin treatments in TRAMP mice. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1006-1020. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Sauce Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6109, 13083-865 Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Larissa Akemi Kido
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6109, 13083-865 Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fabio Montico
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6109, 13083-865 Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Aloise Pilli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Valeria Helena Alves Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6109, 13083-865 Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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23
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The role of prostatic inflammation in the development and progression of benign and malignant diseases. Curr Opin Urol 2018; 27:99-106. [PMID: 27906778 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To evaluate the role of prostatic inflammation in the development and progression of benign and malignant prostatic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical studies demonstrate that the activation of a chronic inflammatory prostatic response plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Approximately 40-70% of patients with BPH-related lower urinary tract symptoms harbour chronic inflammation at pathologic evaluation. These individuals should be considered at increased risk of symptom progression and acute urinary retention. Although currently available drugs approved for the treatment of BPH do not have an anti-inflammatory activity, the development of novel molecules that target the inflammatory pathway represents a promising area in the pharmacological treatment of BPH. Preclinical evidences support a potential role of chronic prostatic inflammation in the malignant transformation of prostatic cells. However, clinical investigations on the association between prostatic inflammation and the risk of PCa report conflicting results. SUMMARY Men with BPH-related lower urinary tract symptoms and chronic prostatic inflammation should be considered at increased risk of symptom progression and acute urinary retention during follow-up. Although preclinical studies provide a biological rationale for the relationship between inflammation and the risk of PCa, clinical investigations report conflicting results and the direct relationship between inflammation and malignant transformation in the human prostate is still debated.
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24
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Norström MM, Rådestad E, Sundberg B, Mattsson J, Henningsohn L, Levitsky V, Uhlin M. Progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia is associated with pro-inflammatory mediators and chronic activation of prostate-infiltrating lymphocytes. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23581-93. [PMID: 26993768 PMCID: PMC5029649 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common chronic non-malignant condition whose prevalence substantially increases with age. Immune cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory mediators have been implicated in the pathogenesis. Here, we characterized 21 extracellular markers on prostate-infiltrating lymphocytes (PILs) and analyzed expression of 26 soluble proteins in prostate tissue obtained from BPH patients (n = 31). These data were correlated with clinical parameters and compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (n = 10). Increased frequencies of T cells expressing co-inhibitory receptors LAG-3, PD-1, TIM-3 or CTLA-4, and co-stimulatory receptors CD28, OX40 or 4-1BB were observed in BPH tissue compared to PBMCs. These findings are consistent with chronic activation and possible functional exhaustion of PILs that may be further augmented by several identified pro-inflammatory factors, such as IL-8 and MCP-1, promoting inflammation and chemotaxis of immune cells to the prostate. Prostate size and plasma prostate-specific antigen levels positively correlated with IL-8 and MCP-1 concentrations, and frequencies of T cells expressing CTLA-4 and TIM-3. It remains to be established whether the link between inflammation and BPH progression supported by our findings reflects a progressive failure of the immune system leading to decreased immune surveillance and development of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Norström
- Pharmaceutical Sciences (PS), Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emelie Rådestad
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Sundberg
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lars Henningsohn
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor Levitsky
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, Zurich, Switzerland.,Current address: Oncology Research, Molecular Partners AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Uhlin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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26
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Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Urine Reveals Down-Regulation of Acute Phase Response Signaling and LXR/RXR Activation Pathways in Prostate Cancer. Proteomes 2017; 6:proteomes6010001. [PMID: 29286311 PMCID: PMC5874760 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting prostate cancer (PCa) using non-invasive diagnostic markers still remains a challenge. The aim of this study was the identification of urine proteins that are sufficiently sensitive and specific to detect PCa in the early stages. Comparative proteomics profiling of urine from patients with PCa, benign prostate hyperplasia, bladder cancer, and renal cancer, coupled with bioinformatics analysis, were performed. Statistically significant difference in abundance showed 20 and 85 proteins in the 2-D DIGE/MS and label-free LC-MS/MS experiments, respectively. In silico analysis indicated activation, binding, and cell movement of subset of immune cells as the top affected cellular functions in PCa, together with the down-regulation of Acute Phase Response Signaling and Liver X Receptor/ Retinoid X Receptor (LXR/RXR) activation pathways. The most promising biomarkers were 35, altered in PCa when compared to more than one group. Half of these have confirmed localization in normal or PCa tissues. Twenty proteins (CD14, AHSG, ENO1, ANXA1, CLU, COL6A1, C3, FGA, FGG, HPX, PTGDS, S100A9, LMAN2, ITIH4, ACTA2, GRN, HBB, PEBP1, CTSB, SPP1) are oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and multifunctional proteins with highly confirmed involvement in PCa, while 9 (AZU1, IGHG1, RNASE2, PZP, REG1A, AMY1A, AMY2A, ACTG2, COL18A1) have been associated with different cancers, but not with PCa so far, and may represent novel findings. LC-MS/MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD008407.
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27
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Slovin SF. The need for immune biomarkers for treatment prognosis and response in genitourinary malignancies. Biomark Med 2017; 11:1149-1159. [PMID: 29186979 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune biomarkers encompass a wide range of blood-borne and cell-associated molecules whose detection or expression may change in response to an immune therapy. These immune therapies encompass a range of platforms including autologous cellular products, in other words, dendritic cells, prime boost DNA vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and checkpoint inhibitors. The response to checkpoint inhibitors by a particular cancer may not be necessarily associated with a change in a particular immune biomarker; other immune biomarkers are needed to assess their association with treatment response or a change in the biology that can impact on the immunologic milieu. How these potential biomarkers can be incorporated into clinical trial design, and their role in interrogating the immunologic milieu will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Slovin
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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28
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Madrigal-Martínez A, Fernández-Martínez AB, Lucio Cazaña FJ. Intracrine prostaglandin E 2 pro-tumoral actions in prostate epithelial cells originate from non-canonical pathways. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3590-3602. [PMID: 29154474 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) increases cell proliferation and stimulates migratory and angiogenic abilities in prostate cancer cells. However, the effects of PGE2 on non-transformed prostate epithelial cells are unknown, despite the fact that PGE2 overproduction has been found in benign hyperplastic prostates. In the present work we studied the effects of PGE2 in immortalized, non-malignant prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cells and found that PGE2 increased cell proliferation, cell migration, and production of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and activated in vitro angiogenesis. These actions involved a non-canonic intracrine mechanism in which the actual effector was intracellular PGE2 (iPGE2 ) instead of extracellular PGE2 : inhibition of the prostaglandin uptake transporter (PGT) or antagonism of EP receptors prevented the effects of PGE2 , which indicated that PGE2 activity depended on its carrier-mediated translocation from the outside to the inside of cells and that EP receptors located intracellularly (iEP) mediated the effects of PGE2 . iPGE2 acted through transactivation of epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGFR) by iEP, leading to increased expression and activity of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Interestingly, iPGE2 also mediates the effects of PGE2 on prostate cancer PC3 cells through the axis iPGE2 -iEP receptors-EGFR-HIF-1α. Thus, this axis might be responsible for the growth-stimulating effects of PGE2 on prostate epithelial cells, thereby contributing to prostate proliferative diseases associated with chronic inflammation. Since this PGT-dependent non-canonic intracrine mechanism of PGE2 action operates in both benign and malignant prostate epithelial cells, PGT inhibitors should be tested as a novel therapeutic modality to treat prostate proliferative disease.
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29
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Dos Santos Gomes FO, Oliveira AC, Ribeiro EL, da Silva BS, Dos Santos LAM, de Lima IT, Silva AKSE, da Rocha Araújo SM, Gonçalves T, de Melo-Junior MR, Peixoto CA. Intraurethral injection with LPS: an effective experimental model of prostatic inflammation. Inflamm Res 2017; 67:43-55. [PMID: 29151155 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic inflammation has been recognized as having a prominent role pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and cancer. It is believed that chronic inflammation induces prostatic fibromuscular growth. This correlation has been clearly illustrated by both in vivo and in vitro studies; however, current experimental models of BPH require complex surgery or hormonal treatment. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to propose a new murine model of BPH/prostatitis induced by intraurethral injection of LPS. METHODS Male Swiss and C57Bl/6 mice were then sacrificed 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after intraurethral injection of LPS. The prostates were quickly dissected and fixed for morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS The results showed that LPS played an important role in the cell proliferation of the prostate. Histological and ultrastructural analysis showed epithelial hyperplasia, clear stromal cells, little inflammatory infiltration, and heavy bleeding. Treatment with LPS also promoted the increase of growth factor (FGF-7 and TGF-β), α-actin, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-17), both in the stroma and epithelium. CONCLUSION According to the present findings, it can be concluded that the intraurethral administration of LPS promotes tissue remodeling, as well as stimulating the pattern of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and therefore, constitutes an effective experimental model of BPH/inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Oliveira Dos Santos Gomes
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.,Faculdade Integrada de Pernambuco (FACIPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Amanda Costa Oliveira
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Edlene Lima Ribeiro
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.,Faculdade Integrada de Pernambuco (FACIPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Bruna Santos da Silva
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Laise Aline Martins Dos Santos
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Tavares de Lima
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Amanda Karolina Soares E Silva
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Shyrlene Meiry da Rocha Araújo
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Gonçalves
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.
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30
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Doat S, Cénée S, Trétarre B, Rebillard X, Lamy P, Bringer J, Iborra F, Murez T, Sanchez M, Menegaux F. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and prostate cancer risk: results from the EPICAP study. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2461-2470. [PMID: 28941222 PMCID: PMC5633590 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation may play a role in prostate cancer carcinogenesis. In that context, our objective was to investigate the role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in prostate cancer risk based on the EPICAP data. EPICAP is a population-based case-control study carried out in 2012-2013 (département of Hérault, France) that enrolled 819 men aged less than 75 years old newly diagnosed for prostate cancer and 879 controls frequency matched to the cases on age. Face to face interviews gathered information on several potential risk factors including NSAIDs use. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression models. All-NSAIDs use was inversely associated with prostate cancer: OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.98, especially in men using NSAIDs that preferentially inhibit COX-2 activity (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.28-0.79). Nonaspirin NSAIDs users had a decreased risk of prostate cancer (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53-0.99), particularly among men with an aggressive prostate cancer (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.27-0.89) and in men with a personal history of prostatitis (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.07-0.59). Our results are in favor of a decreased risk of prostate cancer in men using NSAIDs, particularly for men using preferential anti-COX-2 activity. The protective effect of NSAIDs seems to be more pronounced in aggressive prostate cancer and in men with a personal history of prostatitis, but this needs further investigations to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solene Doat
- CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Inserm, Team Cancer and EnvironmentUniversité Paris‐Saclay, Université Paris‐SudVillejuifFrance
- Hepato‐gastroenterology Department, Unit of Gastrointestinal Tumor Screening and TreatmentPitié‐Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris Public Hospital Authority (AP‐HP)ParisFrance
| | - Sylvie Cénée
- CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Inserm, Team Cancer and EnvironmentUniversité Paris‐Saclay, Université Paris‐SudVillejuifFrance
| | | | | | - Pierre‐Jean Lamy
- Service UrologieClinique Beau SoleilMontpellierFrance
- Institut médical d'Analyse Génomique‐ImagenomeLabosud, MontpellierFrance
| | | | | | - Thibaut Murez
- Hôpital LapeyronieCentre Hospitalo‐UniversitaireMontpellierFrance
| | - Marie Sanchez
- CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Inserm, Team Cancer and EnvironmentUniversité Paris‐Saclay, Université Paris‐SudVillejuifFrance
| | - Florence Menegaux
- CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Inserm, Team Cancer and EnvironmentUniversité Paris‐Saclay, Université Paris‐SudVillejuifFrance
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina‐Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
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31
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Zuo L, Ren KW, Bai Y, Zhang LF, Zou JG, Qin XH, Mi YY, Okada A, Yasui T. Association of a common genetic variant in RNASEL and prostate cancer susceptibility. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75141-75150. [PMID: 29088852 PMCID: PMC5650407 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNASEL gene (2’, 5’-oligoisoadenylate synthetase-dependent) encodes a ribonuclease that plays a significant role in the apoptotic and antiviral activities of interferons. Various studies have used polymorphisms in the RNASEL gene to evaluate prostate cancer risk but studies that show an association between RNASEL Arg462Gln (1385G>A, R462Q, rs486907) polymorphism and prostate cancer risk are somewhat inconclusive. To assess the impact of RNASEL Arg462Gln polymorphism on prostate cancer risk, we conducted a meta-analysis of all available studies including 11,522 patients and 10,976 control subjects. The overall results indicated no positive association between the variant and prostate cancer risk. However, in a subgroup analysis by ethnicity, obvious associations were observed in Hispanic Caucasians for allelic contrast (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.00 - 1.39, Pheterogeneity = 0.010), homozygote comparison (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.02 – 2.20, Pheterogeneity = 0.001), and the recessive genetic model (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.01 - 2.05, Pheterogeneity = 0.002) ; and in African descendants for homozygote comparison (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.29 – 5.19, Pheterogeneity = 0.194) and the recessive genetic model (OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.30 – 5.23, Pheterogeneity = 0.195). In conclusion, the RNASEL Arg462Gln polymorphism may contribute to the risk of developing prostate cancer in African descendants and Hispanic Caucasians. Further larger and well-designed studies are warranted to evaluate this association in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Ke-Wei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Urology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Li-Feng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Jian-Gang Zou
- Department of Urology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xi-Hu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Mi
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214041, China
| | - Atsushi Okada
- Department of Nephrourology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi 4678601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephrourology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi 4678601, Japan
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32
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Total glucosides of paeony inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation, migration and invasion in androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182584. [PMID: 28783760 PMCID: PMC5544245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that inflammatory microenvironment promoted prostate cancer progression. This study investigated whether total glucosides of paeony (TGP), the active constituents extracted from the root of Paeonia Lactiflora Pall, suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated proliferation, migration and invasion in androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells. PC-3 cells were incubated with LPS (2.0 μg/mL) in the absence or presence of TGP (312.5 μg /mL). As expected, cells at S phase and nuclear CyclinD1, the markers of cell proliferation, were increased in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. Migration activity, as determined by wound-healing assay and transwell migration assay, and invasion activity, as determined by transwell invasion assay, were elevated in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. Interestingly, TGP suppressed LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells proliferation. Moreover, TGP inhibited LPS-stimulated migration and invasion of PC-3 cells. Additional experiment showed that TGP inhibited activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p38 in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. Correspondingly, TGP attenuated upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. In addition, TGP inhibited nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. These results suggest that TGP inhibits inflammation-associated STAT3 activation and proliferation, migration and invasion in androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells.
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33
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Rådestad E, Egevad L, Jorns C, Mattsson J, Sundberg B, Nava S, Ericzon BG, Henningsohn L, Levitsky V, Uhlin M. Characterization of infiltrating lymphocytes in human benign and malignant prostate tissue. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60257-60269. [PMID: 28947968 PMCID: PMC5601136 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has shown promising results in numerous cancer types. However, in prostate cancer (PC), absent or limited responses have been reported. To investigate further, we compared the phenotype of infiltrating T-cells isolated from prostate tissue from patients with PC (n = 5), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (n = 27), BPH with concurrent PC (n = 4) and controls (n = 7). The majority of T-cells were CD8+ and had a CCR7-CD45RO+ effector memory phenotype. However, the yield of T-cells isolated from PC lesions was on average 20-fold higher than that obtained from control prostates. Furthermore, there were differences between the prostate conditions regarding the percentage of T-cells expressing several activation markers and co-inhibitory receptors. In conclusion, many prostate-infiltrating T-cells express co-inhibitory receptors PD-1 and LAG-3, regardless of prostate condition. Despite the observed increase in counts and percentages of PD-1+ T-cells in PC, the concomitant demonstration of high percentage of PD-1+ T-cells in control prostates suggests that PD-1 may play a role in controlling the homeostasis of the prostate rather than in contributing to PC-associated immune-suppression. Thus, PD-1 may not be a good candidate for checkpoint blockade in PC and these data are relevant for evaluation of clinical trials and in designing future immunotherapeutic approaches of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Rådestad
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Egevad
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Jorns
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Sundberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Nava
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo-Göran Ericzon
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Henningsohn
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Michael Uhlin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology/Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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34
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Xiao L, Xiao M, Gao L, Xu W. Involvement of estrogen receptor β in androgen receptor-induced growth inhibition in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2796-2802. [PMID: 28928821 PMCID: PMC5588172 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that changes in sex hormone receptor expression may be associated with the initiation and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association and possible pathways between two sex hormone receptors and PCa by measuring the expression levels of the androgen receptor (AR) and the estrogen receptor subtypes alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) in prostatic cancer PC-3 cell lines. The pcDNA3.1-hERβ plasmid was transfected into PC-3 cell lines. The expression levels of AR, ERα and ERβ were detected at the mRNA level by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). The results demonstrated that the expression levels of AR, ERβ and ERα were downregulated to different degrees: ERβ test group vs. PC-3 cell group (P=0.000; 95% confidence interval: 0.9803-1.6331). ERβ and AR expression was detected continuously in the PC-3 cells, but the expression of ERα was not. AR expression levels exhibited an upward trend whilst the expression of ERβ demonstrated a marked downward trend. There is a correlation between the expression levels of ERβ and the incidence of PCa, and ERβ may inhibit the growth of PC-3 cell lines by regulating the expression levels of AR. ERβ may provide a novel target for PCa therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650041, P.R. China
| | - Minhui Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650041, P.R. China
| | - Linbo Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wanchao Xu
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650041, P.R. China
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35
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Pichler R, Fritz J, Heidegger I, Steiner E, Culig Z, Klocker H, Fuchs D. Predictive and prognostic role of serum neopterin and tryptophan breakdown in prostate cancer. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:663-670. [PMID: 28107600 PMCID: PMC5406598 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The γ‐interferon‐induced enzymes indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase and GTP‐cyclohydrolase are key players in tumor immune escape mechanisms. We quantified serum levels of neopterin and tryptophan breakdown (tryptophan, kynurenine, and kynurenine‐to‐tryptophan ratio) in addition to prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) patients (n = 100) before radical prostatectomy (RP) as well as at time of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after RP (n = 50) in comparison to healthy men (n = 49). Effects of biomarkers on the risk of PCa diagnosis on transrectal biopsy, worse histopathological characteristics of the RP specimens, and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) after BCR were investigated. Neopterin (hazard ratio [HR], 2.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–5.61; P = 0.032) and kynurenine (HR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.26–6.79; P = 0.012) levels were univariately associated with CSS. When adjusted for other biomarkers, only neopterin remained an independent predictor of CSS (HR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.07–6.12; P = 0.035). Only PSA was associated with an increased risk of PCa diagnosis on biopsy, univariately (odds ratio, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.68–5.88; P < 0.001) as well when adjusted for other biomarkers (odds ratio, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.70–6.35; P < 0.001). Moreover, only preoperative PSA was able to predict positive surgical margin (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59–0.82; P = 0.001), higher Gleason score (AUC = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.66–0.85; P < 0.001) and extraprostatic involvement (AUC = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69–0.88; P < 0.001) at RP specimens, respectively. Although serum neopterin and tryptophan breakdown cannot be considered as biomarkers in detecting PCa or in predicting worse final pathological findings, neopterin levels are useful for stratifying patients into different prognostic groups after BCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Pichler
- Urological Laboratory and Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Josef Fritz
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isabel Heidegger
- Urological Laboratory and Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eberhard Steiner
- Urological Laboratory and Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zoran Culig
- Urological Laboratory and Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Urological Laboratory and Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Al-Bakheit A, Abu-Romman S, Sharab A, Shhab MA. Anti-inflammatory effect of Varthemia iphionoides extracts against prostate cancer in vitro. EUR J INFLAMM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x17702151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Varthemia iphionoides is a Jordanian medicinal plant with several health-promoting properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, its anti-inflammatory properties have been poorly investigated up to date. The current study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of V. iphionoides by measuring the production of interleukin-6 in response to a pro-inflammatory stimulus (bacterial lipopolysaccharide) in in vitro cell models of human MRC-5 and PC3 cells. We observed a significant reduction in lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 release in response to V. iphionoides (125 µg/mL) in both non-cancerous fibroblast MRC-5 and prostate cancerous PC3 cells. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of this medicinal plant was stronger when MRC-5 cells were treated with an aqueous extract, while the methanolic extract was more potent in PC3 cells. The effect of V. iphionoides in reducing interleukin-6 production was not due to its cytotoxicity, and future studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms of action by which this medicinal plant modulates inflammatory responses. In conclusion, the results of our study represent the first report of the potential protective effect of water and methanolic extracts of V. iphionoides against pro-inflammatory stimuli in fibroblasts and cancer cells of human origin, and it is critically important to identify the phytochemical compounds responsible for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala’a Al-Bakheit
- Faculty of Agricultural Technologies, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Saeid Abu-Romman
- Faculty of Agricultural Technologies, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Sharab
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Association Study of Polymorphisms of Epidermal Growth Factor and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in a Korean Population. Int Neurourol J 2016; 20:363-370. [PMID: 28043105 PMCID: PMC5209572 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1632538.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent studies have suggested that specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to the clinical features of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In this study, we investigated the relationships of genetic polymorphisms of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene with BPH. Methods A total of 218 patients with BPH were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the relationship between eight SNPs in the EGF and EGFR genes and prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and International Prostate Symptom Score of BPH patients. Each SNP was genotyped by direct sequencing. Statistical analysis applying codominant, dominant, recessive, and log-additive models was performed via logistic regression. Results The rs11568943 and rs11569017 SNPs in the EGF gene showed significant associations with prostate volume (rs11568943: P=0.038 in the log-additive model, P=0.024 in the allele distribution; rs11569017, P=0.031 in the dominant model, P=0.028 in the log-additive model, P=0.020 in the allele distribution). Additionally, the rs3756261, rs11568943, and rs11569017 SNPs of the EGF gene and the rs2293347 SNP of the EGFR gene were associated with PSA levels (P<0.05 in each model, respectively). Conclusions These results suggest that the EGF gene may affect prostate volume. In addition, the EGF and EGFR genes may be associated with PSA levels in patients with BPH.
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Gaudreau PO, Stagg J, Soulières D, Saad F. The Present and Future of Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer: Proteomics, Genomics, and Immunology Advancements. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 8:15-33. [PMID: 27168728 PMCID: PMC4859450 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s31802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common form of cancer in men worldwide. Biomarkers have emerged as essential tools for treatment and assessment since the variability of disease behavior, the cost and diversity of treatments, and the related impairment of quality of life have given rise to a need for a personalized approach. High-throughput technology platforms in proteomics and genomics have accelerated the development of biomarkers. Furthermore, recent successes of several new agents in PC, including immunotherapy, have stimulated the search for predictors of response and resistance and have improved the understanding of the biological mechanisms at work. This review provides an overview of currently established biomarkers in PC, as well as a selection of the most promising biomarkers within these particular fields of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau
- Hematologist and Medical Oncologist, Notre-Dame Hospital, CHUM Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John Stagg
- Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Axis—Montreal Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Soulières
- Hematologist and Medical Oncologist, Notre-Dame Hospital, CHUM Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fred Saad
- Professor and Chief of Urology, CHUM—Pavillon R, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Kido LA, Montico F, Sauce R, Macedo AB, Minatel E, Costa DBV, Carvalho JED, Pilli RA, Cagnon VHA. Anti-inflammatory therapies in TRAMP mice: delay in PCa progression. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:235-50. [PMID: 26772819 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the structural and molecular biology as well as evaluate the immediate and late responses of prostatic cancer in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model after treatment with goniothalamin (GTN) and celecoxib. The treated mice received GTN (150 mg/kg, gavage) or celecoxib (10 mg/kg, gavage) from 8 to 12 weeks of age. They were killed at different ages: the immediate-response groups at 12 weeks and the late-response groups at 22 weeks. The ventral prostate was collected for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, TUNEL, and ELISA. Morphological analyses indicated that GTN treatment delayed the progression of prostatic adenocarcinoma, leading to a significant decrease of prostatic lesion frequency in both experimental period responses to this treatment, mainly high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Also, the celecoxib treatment showed a particular decrease in the proliferative processes (PCNA) in both the experimental periods. Despite celecoxib diminishing the COX2 and IGFR1 levels, GTN presented higher action spectrum considering the decrease of a greater molecular number involved in the proliferative and inflammatory processes in prostatic cancer. Goniothalamin attenuated the pro-inflammatory response in TRAMP prostatic microenvironment, delaying prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Celecoxib treatment was efficient in the regulation of COX2 in the TRAMP mice, mainly in the advanced disease grade. Finally, we concluded that inflammatory process control in early grades of PCa was crucial for the downregulation of the signaling pathways involved in the proliferative processes in advanced cancer grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Akemi Kido
- Department of Structural and Functional BiologyStructural and Cellular Biology Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Montico
- Department of Structural and Functional BiologyStructural and Cellular Biology Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Sauce
- Department of Structural and Functional BiologyStructural and Cellular Biology Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Barbosa Macedo
- Department of Structural and Functional BiologyStructural and Cellular Biology Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Minatel
- Department of Structural and Functional BiologyStructural and Cellular Biology Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Barbosa Vendramini Costa
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research CenterCPQBA, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil Department of Organic ChemistryInstitute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research CenterCPQBA, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Aloise Pilli
- Department of Organic ChemistryInstitute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valeria Helena Alves Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional BiologyStructural and Cellular Biology Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Polyphenols as Modulator of Oxidative Stress in Cancer Disease: New Therapeutic Strategies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6475624. [PMID: 26649142 PMCID: PMC4663347 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6475624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer onset and progression have been linked to oxidative stress by increasing DNA mutations or inducing DNA damage, genome instability, and cell proliferation and therefore antioxidant agents could interfere with carcinogenesis. It is well known that conventional radio-/chemotherapies influence tumour outcome through ROS modulation. Since these antitumour treatments have important side effects, the challenge is to develop new anticancer therapeutic strategies more effective and less toxic for patients. To this purpose, many natural polyphenols have emerged as very promising anticancer bioactive compounds. Beside their well-known antioxidant activities, several polyphenols target epigenetic processes involved in cancer development through the modulation of oxidative stress. An alternative strategy to the cytotoxic treatment is an approach leading to cytostasis through the induction of therapy-induced senescence. Many anticancer polyphenols cause cellular growth arrest through the induction of a ROS-dependent premature senescence and are considered promising antitumour therapeutic tools. Furthermore, one of the most innovative and interesting topics is the evaluation of efficacy of prooxidant therapies on cancer stem cells (CSCs). Several ROS inducers-polyphenols can impact CSCs metabolisms and self-renewal related pathways. Natural polyphenol roles, mainly in chemoprevention and cancer therapies, are described and discussed in the light of the current literature data.
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