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Ongey EL, Banerjee A. In vitro reconstitution of transition metal transporters. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107589. [PMID: 39032653 PMCID: PMC11381811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition metal ions are critically important across all kingdoms of life. The chemical properties of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, and nickel make them very attractive for use as cofactors in metalloenzymes and/or metalloproteins. Their versatile chemistry in aqueous solution enables them to function both as electron donors and acceptors, and thus participate in both reduction and oxidation reactions respectively. Transition metal ions can also function as nonredox multidentate coordination sites that play essential roles in macromolecular structure and function. Malfunction in transition metal transport and homeostasis has been linked to a wide number of human diseases including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Transition metal transporters are central players in the physiology of transition metals whereby they move transition metals in and out of cellular compartments. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of in vitro reconstitution of the activity of integral membrane transition metal transporters and discuss strategies that have been successfully implemented to overcome the challenges. We also discuss recent advances in our understanding of transition metal transport mechanisms and the techniques that are currently used to decipher the molecular basis of transport activities of these proteins. Deep mechanistic insights into transition metal transport systems will be essential to understand their malfunction in human diseases and target them for potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis L Ongey
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, National Institutes of Child Health and Human, Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, National Institutes of Child Health and Human, Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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2
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Huang L, Li W, Lu Y, Ju Q, Ouyang M. Iron metabolism in colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1098501. [PMID: 36910614 PMCID: PMC9992732 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1098501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron, as one of the essential trace elements in the human body, is involved in a wide range of critical biochemical reactions and physiological processes, including the maintenance of the normal cell cycle, mitochondrial function, nucleotide metabolism, and immune response. In this context, iron is naturally associated with cancer occurrence. Cellular iron deficiency can induce apoptosis, however, iron can also engage in potentially harmful reactions that produce free radicals because of its capacity to gain and lose electrons. Studies suggest that dietary iron, particularly heme iron, may be one of the leading causes of colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, patients with CRC have abnormal iron absorption, storage, utilization, and exportation. Therefore, iron is crucial for the development and progression of CRC. Elaborating on the alterations in iron metabolism during the onset and advancement of CRC would help to further explain the role and mechanism of iron inside the body. Thus, we reviewed the alterations in numerous iron metabolism-related molecules and their roles in CRC, which may provide new clues between iron metabolism and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luji Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wangji Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong, China
| | - Qinuo Ju
- Guangdong Country Garden School, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhao Ouyang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
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3
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Cegarra L, Aguirre P, Nuñez MT, Gerdtzen ZP, Salgado JC. Calcium is a noncompetitive inhibitor of DMT1 on the intestinal iron absorption process: empirical evidence and mathematical modeling analysis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1791-C1806. [PMID: 36342159 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00411.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Iron absorption is a complex and highly controlled process where DMT1 transports nonheme iron through the brush-border membrane of enterocytes to the cytoplasm but does not transport alkaline-earth metals such as calcium. However, it has been proposed that high concentrations of calcium in the diet could reduce iron bioavailability. In this work, we investigate the effect of intracellular and extracellular calcium on iron uptake by Caco-2 cells, as determined by calcein fluorescence quenching. We found that extracellular calcium inhibits iron uptake by Caco-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Chelation of intracellular calcium with BAPTA did not affect iron uptake, which indicates that the inhibitory effect of calcium is not exerted through intracellular calcium signaling. Kinetic studies performed, provided evidence that calcium acts as a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of the iron transport activity of DMT1. Based on these experimental results, a mathematical model was developed that considers the dynamics of noncompetitive inhibition using a four-state mechanism to describe the inhibitory effect of calcium on the DMT1 iron transport process in intestinal cells. The model accurately predicts the calcein fluorescence quenching dynamics observed experimentally after an iron challenge. Therefore, the proposed model structure is capable of representing the inhibitory effect of extracellular calcium on DMT1-mediated iron entry into the cLIP of Caco-2 cells. Considering the range of calcium concentrations that can inhibit iron uptake, the possible inhibition of dietary calcium on intestinal iron uptake is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layimar Cegarra
- Laboratory of Process Modeling and Distributed Computing, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pabla Aguirre
- Iron and Biology of Aging Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco T Nuñez
- Iron and Biology of Aging Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ziomara P Gerdtzen
- Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus Marine Agronomy of Seaweed Holobionts, Puerto Mont, Chile
| | - J Cristian Salgado
- Laboratory of Process Modeling and Distributed Computing, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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4
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Theaflavin-3,3'-Digallate Inhibits Erastin-Induced Chondrocytes Ferroptosis via the Nrf2/GPX4 Signaling Pathway in Osteoarthritis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3531995. [PMID: 36439689 PMCID: PMC9691334 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3531995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with ferroptosis which is a kind of lipid peroxidation-related cell death. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate(TF3), a polyphenol compound extracted from black tea, possesses antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, but its effects on chondrocyte ferroptosis in osteoarthritis (OA) remain unclear. Our present study aims at exploring the protective role and underlying mechanisms of TF3 against erastin-induced chondrocyte ferroptosis in OA. In human primary chondrocytes treated with erastin alone or combined with different doses of TF3, cell viability was assessed by MTS. Ferroptosis-related proteins, including Gpx4, HO-1, and FTH1, were detected by western blot. The levels of lipid peroxidation and Fe2+ were determined by fluorescence staining. Meanwhile, the change of related proteins in the Nrf2/Gpx4 signaling pathway was determined by western blot. siRNA-mediated Nrf2 knockdown and the Gpx4 inhibitor RSL3 were used to explore molecular mechanisms for TF3-induced ferroptosis in OA chondrocyte. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), HE staining, Masson's staining, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate articular cartilage damages in the rat OA model. The results showed that Gpx4 expression was markedly downregulated in the chondrocytes of OA patients. TF3 reversed erastin-induced ferroptosis of human cultured chondrocytes, lipid ROS, and Fe2+ production in mitochondria. Moreover, the expression of Gpx4, HO-1, FTH1, and Nrf2 was markedly induced by TF3 in the erastin-treated chondrocytes. The antiferroptotic effect of TF3 was related to enhance Nrf2/Gpx4 signaling pathway. Finally, TF3 inhibited OA progression by alleviating in vivo cartilage damage related to chondrocyte ferroptosis. Thus, TF3 significantly inhibits chondrocyte ferroptosis by activating the Nrf2/Gpx4 signaling pathway, suggesting that TF3 serves as a potential therapeutic supplement for OA treatment.
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5
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Zhou LP, Zhang RJ, Jia CY, Kang L, Zhang ZG, Zhang HQ, Wang JQ, Zhang B, Shen CL. Ferroptosis: A potential target for the intervention of intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1042060. [PMID: 36339421 PMCID: PMC9630850 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1042060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death marked by phospholipid peroxidation, is regulated by complex cellular metabolic pathways including lipid metabolism, iron balance, redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial activity. Initial research regarding the mechanism of ferroptosis mainly focused on the solute carrier family 7 member 11/glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) signal pathway. Recently, novel mechanisms of ferroptosis, independent of GPX4, have been discovered. Numerous pathologies associated with extensive lipid peroxidation, such as drug-resistant cancers, ischemic organ injuries, and neurodegenerative diseases, are driven by ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a new therapeutic target for the intervention of IVDD. The role of ferroptosis in the modulation of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a significant topic of interest. This is a novel research topic, and research on the mechanisms of IVDD and ferroptosis is ongoing. Herein, we aim to review and discuss the literature to explore the mechanisms of ferroptosis, the relationship between IVDD and ferroptosis, and the regulatory networks in the cells of the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and cartilage endplate to provide references for future basic research and clinical translation for IVDD treatment.
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Aring L, Choi EK, Kopera H, Lanigan T, Iwase S, Klionsky DJ, Seo YA. A neurodegeneration gene, WDR45, links impaired ferritinophagy to iron accumulation. J Neurochem 2021; 160:356-375. [PMID: 34837396 PMCID: PMC8811950 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the abnormal accumulation of brain iron and the progressive degeneration of the nervous system. One of the recently identified subtypes of NBIA is β‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration (BPAN). BPAN is caused by de novo mutations in the WDR45/WIPI4 (WD repeat domain 45) gene. WDR45 is one of the four mammalian homologs of yeast Atg18, a regulator of autophagy. WDR45 deficiency in BPAN patients and animal models may result in defects in autophagic flux. However, how WDR45 deficiency leads to brain iron overload remains unclear. To elucidate the role of WDR45, we generated a WDR45‐knockout (KO) SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line using CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated genome editing. Using these cells, we demonstrated that the non‐TF (transferrin)‐bound iron pathway dominantly mediated the accumulation of iron. Moreover, the loss of WDR45 led to defects in ferritinophagy, a form of autophagy that degrades the iron storage protein ferritin. We showed that impaired ferritinophagy contributes to iron accumulation in WDR45‐KO cells. Iron accumulation was also detected in the mitochondria, which was accompanied by impaired mitochondrial respiration, elevated reactive oxygen species, and increased cell death. Thus, our study links WDR45 to specific iron acquisition pathways and ferritinophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Aring
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eun-Kyung Choi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Huira Kopera
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Vector Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas Lanigan
- Vector Core, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, and the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Young Ah Seo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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7
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Pujol‐Giménez J, Poirier M, Bühlmann S, Schuppisser C, Bhardwaj R, Awale M, Visini R, Javor S, Hediger MA, Reymond J. Inhibitors of Human Divalent Metal Transporters DMT1 (SLC11A2) and ZIP8 (SLC39A8) from a GDB-17 Fragment Library. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3306-3314. [PMID: 34309203 PMCID: PMC8596699 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Solute carrier proteins (SLCs) are membrane proteins controlling fluxes across biological membranes and represent an emerging class of drug targets. Here we searched for inhibitors of divalent metal transporters in a library of 1,676 commercially available 3D-shaped fragment-like molecules from the generated database GDB-17, which lists all possible organic molecules up to 17 atoms of C, N, O, S and halogen following simple criteria for chemical stability and synthetic feasibility. While screening against DMT1 (SLC11A2), an iron transporter associated with hemochromatosis and for which only very few inhibitors are known, only yielded two weak inhibitors, our approach led to the discovery of the first inhibitor of ZIP8 (SLC39A8), a zinc transporter associated with manganese homeostasis and osteoarthritis but with no previously reported pharmacology, demonstrating that this target is druggable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonai Pujol‐Giménez
- Department of Biomedical Research and Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Membrane Transport Discovery Lab Inselspital, Bern University HospitalUniversity of BernCH-3010BernSwitzerland
| | - Marion Poirier
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Sven Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Céline Schuppisser
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Rajesh Bhardwaj
- Department of Biomedical Research and Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Membrane Transport Discovery Lab Inselspital, Bern University HospitalUniversity of BernCH-3010BernSwitzerland
| | - Mahendra Awale
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Ricardo Visini
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Matthias A. Hediger
- Department of Biomedical Research and Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Membrane Transport Discovery Lab Inselspital, Bern University HospitalUniversity of BernCH-3010BernSwitzerland
| | - Jean‐Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
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8
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Wang X, Zhang M, Woloshun RR, Yu Y, Lee JK, Flores SRL, Merlin D, Collins JF. Oral Administration of Ginger-Derived Lipid Nanoparticles and Dmt1 siRNA Potentiates the Effect of Dietary Iron Restriction and Mitigates Pre-Existing Iron Overload in Hamp KO Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:1686. [PMID: 34063414 PMCID: PMC8157040 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal iron transport requires an iron importer (Dmt1) and an iron exporter (Fpn1). The hormone hepcidin regulates iron absorption by modulating Fpn1 protein levels on the basolateral surface of duodenal enterocytes. In the genetic, iron-loading disorder hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), hepcidin production is low and Fpn1 protein expression is elevated. High Fpn1-mediated iron export depletes intracellular iron, causing a paradoxical increase in Dmt1-mediated iron import. Increased activity of both transporters causes excessive iron absorption, thus initiating body iron loading. Logically then, silencing of intestinal Dmt1 or Fpn1 could be an effective therapeutic intervention in HH. It was previously established that Dmt1 knock down prevented iron-loading in weanling Hamp (encoding hepcidin) KO mice (modeling type 2B HH). Here, we tested the hypothesis that Dmt1 silencing combined with dietary iron restriction (which may be recommended for HH patients) will mitigate iron loading once already established. Accordingly, adult Hamp KO mice were switched to a low-iron (LFe) diet and (non-toxic) folic acid-coupled, ginger nanoparticle-derived lipid vectors (FA-GDLVs) were used to deliver negative-control (NC) or Dmt1 siRNA by oral, intragastric gavage daily for 21 days. The LFe diet reduced body iron burden, and experimental interventions potentiated iron losses. For example, Dmt1 siRNA treatment suppressed duodenal Dmt1 mRNA expression (by ~50%) and reduced serum and liver non-heme iron levels (by ~60% and >85%, respectively). Interestingly, some iron-related parameters were repressed similarly by FA-GDLVs carrying either siRNA, including 59Fe (as FeCl3) absorption (~20% lower), pancreatic non-heme iron (reduced by ~65%), and serum ferritin (decreased 40-50%). Ginger may thus contain bioactive lipids that also influence iron homeostasis. In conclusion, the combinatorial approach of FA-GDLV and Dmt1 siRNA treatment, with dietary iron restriction, mitigated pre-existing iron overload in a murine model of HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (R.R.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.K.L.); (S.R.L.F.)
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.Z.); (D.M.)
- School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Institute of Medical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Regina R. Woloshun
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (R.R.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.K.L.); (S.R.L.F.)
| | - Yang Yu
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (R.R.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.K.L.); (S.R.L.F.)
| | - Jennifer K. Lee
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (R.R.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.K.L.); (S.R.L.F.)
| | - Shireen R. L. Flores
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (R.R.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.K.L.); (S.R.L.F.)
| | - Didier Merlin
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.Z.); (D.M.)
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - James F. Collins
- Food Science & Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (R.R.W.); (Y.Y.); (J.K.L.); (S.R.L.F.)
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Li H, Mu Q, Kang Y, Yang X, Shan L, Wang M, Li C, Liu Y, Wang F. Association of Cigarette Smoking With Male Cognitive Impairment and Metal Ions in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:738358. [PMID: 34887785 PMCID: PMC8650691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.738358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cigarette smoking might accelerate cognitive impairment; however, this has never been investigated using human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We conducted this study to investigate the association between cigarette smoking and cognitive impairment through metal ions in CSF. Methods: We obtained 5-ml CSF samples from routine lumbar puncture procedures in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction before surgery in China. A total of 180 Chinese males were recruited (80 active smokers and 100 non-smokers). We measured specific cigarette-related neurotoxic metal ions in CSF, including iron, copper, zinc, lead, aluminum, and manganese. Sociodemographic data and history of smoking were obtained. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was applied. Results: Active smokers had fewer years of education (11.83 ± 3.13 vs. 13.17 ± 2.60, p = 0.01), and higher age (33.70 ± 10.20 vs. 29.76 ± 9.58, p = 0.01) and body mass index (25.84 ± 3.52 vs. 24.98 ± 4.06, p =0.03) than non-smokers. Compared to non-smokers, active smokers had significantly higher CSF levels of iron, zinc, lead, and aluminum and lower MoCA scores (all p < 0.05). Average daily numbers of cigarettes smoked negatively correlated with the MoCA scores (r = -0.244, p = 0.048). In young smokers, CSF manganese levels negatively correlated with MoCA scores (r = -0.373, p = 0.009). Conclusions and Relevance: Cigarette smoking might be associated with male cognitive impairment, as shown by lower MoCA scores and higher levels of CSF iron, zinc, lead, and aluminum in active smokers. This might be early evidence of cigarette smoking accelerating male cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qingshuang Mu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yimin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | | | - Ligang Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Cunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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How Dysregulated Ion Channels and Transporters Take a Hand in Esophageal, Liver, and Colorectal Cancer. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:129-222. [PMID: 32875386 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the understanding of how dysregulated ion channels and transporters are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor growth and progression, including invasiveness and metastasis, has been increasing exponentially. The present review specifies virtually all ion channels and transporters whose faulty expression or regulation contributes to esophageal, hepatocellular, and colorectal cancer. The variety reaches from Ca2+, K+, Na+, and Cl- channels over divalent metal transporters, Na+ or Cl- coupled Ca2+, HCO3- and H+ exchangers to monocarboxylate carriers and organic anion and cation transporters. In several cases, the underlying mechanisms by which these ion channels/transporters are interwoven with malignancies have been fully or at least partially unveiled. Ca2+, Akt/NF-κB, and Ca2+- or pH-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling emerge as cross points through which ion channels/transporters interfere with gene expression, modulate cell proliferation, trigger epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and promote cell motility and metastasis. Also miRs, lncRNAs, and DNA methylation represent potential links between the misexpression of genes encoding for ion channels/transporters, their malfunctioning, and cancer. The knowledge of all these molecular interactions has provided the basis for therapeutic strategies and approaches, some of which will be broached in this review.
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Poirier M, Pujol-Giménez J, Manatschal C, Bühlmann S, Embaby A, Javor S, Hediger MA, Reymond JL. Pyrazolyl-pyrimidones inhibit the function of human solute carrier protein SLC11A2 (hDMT1) by metal chelation. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1023-1031. [PMID: 33479694 PMCID: PMC7649969 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier proteins (SLCs) control fluxes of ions and molecules across biological membranes and represent an emerging class of drug targets. SLC11A2 (hDMT1) mediates intestinal iron uptake and its inhibition might be used to treat iron overload diseases such as hereditary hemochromatosis. Here we report a micromolar (IC50 = 1.1 μM) pyrazolyl-pyrimidone inhibitor of radiolabeled iron uptake in hDMT1 overexpressing HEK293 cells acting by a non-competitive mechanism, which however does not affect the electrophysiological properties of the transporter. Isothermal titration calorimetry, competition with calcein, induced precipitation of radioactive iron and cross inhibition of the unrelated iron transporter SLC39A8 (hZIP8) indicate that inhibition is mediated by metal chelation. Mapping the chemical space of thousands of pyrazolo-pyrimidones and similar 2,2'-diazabiaryls in ChEMBL suggests that their reported activities might partly reflect metal chelation. Such metal chelating groups are not listed in pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS) but should be checked when addressing SLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Poirier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Jonai Pujol-Giménez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , University of Bern , Bühlstrasse 28 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
- Membrane Transport Discovery Lab , Department of Nephrology and Hypertension , Inselspital , University of Bern Kinderklinik , Freiburgstrasse 15 , 3010 Bern , Switzerland .
- Department of Biomedical Research , University of Bern , Murtenstrasse 35 , 3008 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Cristina Manatschal
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Sven Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Ahmed Embaby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland .
| | - Matthias A Hediger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , University of Bern , Bühlstrasse 28 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
- Membrane Transport Discovery Lab , Department of Nephrology and Hypertension , Inselspital , University of Bern Kinderklinik , Freiburgstrasse 15 , 3010 Bern , Switzerland .
- Department of Biomedical Research , University of Bern , Murtenstrasse 35 , 3008 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , 3012 Bern , Switzerland .
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12
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Manatschal C, Pujol-Giménez J, Poirier M, Reymond JL, Hediger MA, Dutzler R. Mechanistic basis of the inhibition of SLC11/NRAMP-mediated metal ion transport by bis-isothiourea substituted compounds. eLife 2019; 8:51913. [PMID: 31804182 PMCID: PMC6917499 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the divalent metal ion transporter-1 (DMT1) mediates the transport of ferrous iron across the apical membrane of enterocytes. Hence, its inhibition could be beneficial for the treatment of iron overload disorders. Here we characterize the interaction of aromatic bis-isothiourea-substituted compounds with human DMT1 and its prokaryotic homologue EcoDMT. Both transporters are inhibited by a common competitive mechanism with potencies in the low micromolar range. The crystal structure of EcoDMT in complex with a brominated derivative defines the binding of the inhibitor to an extracellular pocket of the transporter in direct contact with residues of the metal ion coordination site, thereby interfering with substrate loading and locking the transporter in its outward-facing state. Mutagenesis and structure-activity relationships further support the observed interaction mode and reveal species-dependent differences between pro- and eukaryotic transporters. Together, our data provide the first detailed mechanistic insight into the pharmacology of SLC11/NRAMP transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonai Pujol-Giménez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Membrane Transport Discovery Lab, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marion Poirier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias A Hediger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Membrane Transport Discovery Lab, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raimund Dutzler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Liu H, Wu H, Zhu N, Xu Z, Wang Y, Qu Y, Wang J. Lactoferrin protects against iron dysregulation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced Parkinson’s disease in mice. J Neurochem 2019; 152:397-415. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Ning Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Zijie Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yan Qu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders Department of Physiology Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology Medical College of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders Department of Physiology Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology Medical College of Qingdao University Qingdao China
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14
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Lim AT, Vincent IM, Barrett MP, Gilbert IH. Small Polar Hits against S. aureus: Screening, Initial Hit Optimization, and Metabolomic Studies. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19199-19215. [PMID: 31763544 PMCID: PMC6869403 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The global prevalence of antibacterial resistance requires new antibacterial drugs with novel chemical scaffolds and modes of action. It is also vital to design compounds with optimal physicochemical properties to permeate the bacterial cell envelope. We described an approach of combining and integrating whole cell screening and metabolomics into early antibacterial drug discovery using a library of small polar compounds. Whole cell screening of a diverse library of small polar compounds against Staphylococcus aureus gave compound 2. Hit expansion was carried out to determine structure-activity relationships. A selection of compounds from this series, together with other screened active compounds, was subjected to an initial metabolomics study to provide a metabolic fingerprint of the mode of action. It was found that compound 2 and its analogues have a different mode of action from some of the known antibacterial compounds tested. This early study highlighted the potential of whole cell screening and metabolomics in early antibacterial drug discovery. Future works will require improving potency and performing orthogonal studies to confirm the modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
S. T. Lim
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
| | - Isabel M. Vincent
- Glasgow
Polyomics, University of Glasgow, Wolfson
Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Campus, Bearsden G61 1QH, U.K.
| | - Michael P. Barrett
- Glasgow
Polyomics, University of Glasgow, Wolfson
Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Campus, Bearsden G61 1QH, U.K.
- Wellcome
Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity
and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, U.K.
| | - Ian H. Gilbert
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division
of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.
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15
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Tosato M, Di Marco V. Metal Chelation Therapy and Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review on the Thermodynamics of Complex Formation between Relevant Metal Ions and Promising or Established Drugs. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E269. [PMID: 31324037 PMCID: PMC6681387 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review reports a list of approximately 800 compounds which have been used, tested or proposed for Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy in the year range 2014-2019 (April): name(s), chemical structure and references are given. Among these compounds, approximately 250 have possible or established metal-chelating properties towards Cu(II), Cu(I), Fe(III), Fe(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II), which are considered to be involved in metal dyshomeostasis during PD. Speciation information regarding the complexes formed by these ions and the 250 compounds has been collected or, if not experimentally available, has been estimated from similar molecules. Stoichiometries and stability constants of the complexes have been reported; values of the cologarithm of the concentration of free metal ion at equilibrium (pM), and of the dissociation constant Kd (both computed at pH = 7.4 and at total metal and ligand concentrations of 10-6 and 10-5 mol/L, respectively), charge and stoichiometry of the most abundant metal-ligand complexes existing at physiological conditions, have been obtained. A rigorous definition of the reported amounts is given, the possible usefulness of this data is described, and the need to characterize the metal-ligand speciation of PD drugs is underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tosato
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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16
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Veale CGL. Unpacking the Pathogen Box-An Open Source Tool for Fighting Neglected Tropical Disease. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:386-453. [PMID: 30614200 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Pathogen Box is a 400-strong collection of drug-like compounds, selected for their potential against several of the world's most important neglected tropical diseases, including trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, filariasis, schistosomiasis, dengue virus and trichuriasis, in addition to malaria and tuberculosis. This library represents an ensemble of numerous successful drug discovery programmes from around the globe, aimed at providing a powerful resource to stimulate open source drug discovery for diseases threatening the most vulnerable communities in the world. This review seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of the literature pertaining to the compounds in the Pathogen Box, including structure-activity relationship highlights, mechanisms of action, related compounds with reported activity against different diseases, and, where appropriate, discussion on the known and putative targets of compounds, thereby providing context and increasing the accessibility of the Pathogen Box to the drug discovery community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton G L Veale
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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17
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Zhao L, Bartnikas T, Chu X, Klein J, Yun C, Srinivasan S, He P. Hyperglycemia promotes microvillus membrane expression of DMT1 in intestinal epithelial cells in a PKCα-dependent manner. FASEB J 2018; 33:3549-3561. [PMID: 30423260 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801855r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Excessive iron increases the incidence of diabetes and worsens diabetic complications. Reciprocally, diabetes induces iron loading, partially attributable to elevated intestinal iron export according to a recent report. Herein, we show that iron uptake and the mRNA expression of iron importer divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) were significantly increased in the duodenum of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Immunofluorescence staining of human intestinal biopsies revealed increased brush border membrane (BBM) and decreased cytoplasmic DMT1 expression in patients with diabetes, suggesting translocation of DMT1. This pattern of DMT1 regulation was corroborated by immunoblotting results in diabetic mice showing that BBM DMT1 expression was increased by 210%, in contrast to a 60% increase in total DMT1. PKC mediates many diabetic complications, and PKCα activity was increased in diabetic mouse intestine. Intriguingly, diabetic mice with PKCα deficiency did not show increases in iron uptake and BBM DMT1 expression. High-glucose treatment increased plasma membrane DMT1 expression via the activation of PKCα in cultured IECs. Inhibition of PKCα potentiated the ubiquitination and degradation of DMT1 protein. We further showed that high glucose suppressed membrane DMT1 internalization. These findings demonstrate that PKCα promotes microvillus membrane DMT1 expression and intestinal iron uptake, contributing to diabetic iron loading.-Zhao, L., Bartnikas, T., Chu, X., Klein, J., Yun, C., Srinivasan, S., He, P. Hyperglycemia promotes microvillus membrane expression of DMT1 in intestinal epithelial cells in a PKCα-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated With Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Thomas Bartnikas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Xiangpeng Chu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Janet Klein
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and
| | - Chris Yun
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Peijian He
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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18
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The Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1) Is Required for Iron Uptake and Normal Development of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9142-9159. [PMID: 30190412 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1447-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is a multimetal transporter with a primary role in iron transport. Although DMT1 has been described previously in the CNS, nothing was known about the role of this metal transporter in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. To determine whether DMT1 is required for oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) maturation, we used siRNAs and the Cre-lox system to knock down/knock out DMT1 expression in vitro as well as in vivo Blocking DMT1 synthesis in primary cultures of OPCs reduced oligodendrocyte iron uptake and significantly delayed OPC development. In vivo, a significant hypomyelination was found in DMT1 conditional knock-out mice in which DMT1 was postnatally deleted in NG2- or Sox10-positive OPCs. The brain of DMT1 knock-out animals presented a decrease in the expression levels of myelin proteins and a substantial reduction in the percentage of myelinated axons. This reduced postnatal myelination was accompanied by a decrease in the number of myelinating oligodendrocytes and a rise in proliferating OPCs. Furthermore, using the cuprizone model of demyelination, we established that DMT1 deletion in NG2-positive OPCs lead to less efficient remyelination of the adult brain. These results indicate that DMT1 is vital for OPC maturation and for the normal myelination of the mouse brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT To determine whether divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), a multimetal transporter with a primary role in iron transport, is essential for oligodendrocyte development, we created two conditional knock-out mice in which DMT1 was postnatally deleted in NG2- or Sox10-positive oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). We have established that DMT1 is necessary for normal OPC maturation and is required for an efficient remyelination of the adult brain. Since iron accumulation by OPCs is indispensable for myelination, understanding the iron incorporation mechanism as well as the molecules involved is critical to design new therapeutic approaches to intervene in diseases in which the myelin sheath is damaged or lost.
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19
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Crielaard BJ, Lammers T, Rivella S. Targeting iron metabolism in drug discovery and delivery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:400-423. [PMID: 28154410 PMCID: PMC5455971 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron fulfils a central role in many essential biochemical processes in human physiology; thus, proper processing of iron is crucial. Although iron metabolism is subject to relatively strict physiological control, numerous disorders, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, have recently been linked to deregulated iron homeostasis. Consequently, iron metabolism constitutes a promising and largely unexploited therapeutic target for the development of new pharmacological treatments for these diseases. Several iron metabolism-targeted therapies are already under clinical evaluation for haematological disorders, and these and newly developed therapeutic agents are likely to have substantial benefit in the clinical management of iron metabolism-associated diseases, for which few efficacious treatments are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart J. Crielaard
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Bioengineering, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Rivella
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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20
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Weekley CM, He C. Developing drugs targeting transition metal homeostasis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 37:26-32. [PMID: 28040658 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal dyshomeostasis is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Metal chelators and ionophores are well known modulators of transition metal homeostasis, and a number of these molecules are in clinical trials. Metal-binding compounds are not the only drugs capable of targeting transition metal homeostasis. This review presents recent highlights in the development of chelators and ionophores for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative disease. Moreover, we discuss the development of small molecules that alter copper and iron homeostasis by inhibiting metal transport proteins. Finally, we consider the emergence of metal regulatory factor 1 as a drug target in diseases where it mediates zinc-induced signalling cascades leading to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Weekley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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21
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Kilchmann F, Marcaida MJ, Kotak S, Schick T, Boss SD, Awale M, Gönczy P, Reymond JL. Discovery of a Selective Aurora A Kinase Inhibitor by Virtual Screening. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7188-211. [PMID: 27391133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the discovery of a selective inhibitor of Aurora A, a key regulator of cell division and potential anticancer target. We used the atom category extended ligand overlap score (xLOS), a 3D ligand-based virtual screening method recently developed in our group, to select 437 shape and pharmacophore analogs of reference kinase inhibitors. Biochemical screening uncovered two inhibitor series with scaffolds unprecedented among kinase inhibitors. One of them was successfully optimized by structure-based design to a potent Aurora A inhibitor (IC50 = 2 nM) with very high kinome selectivity for Aurora kinases. This inhibitor locks Aurora A in an inactive conformation and disrupts binding to its activator protein TPX2, which impairs Aurora A localization at the mitotic spindle and induces cell division defects. This phenotype can be rescued by inhibitor-resistant Aurora A mutants. The inhibitor furthermore does not induce Aurora B specific effects in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falco Kilchmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Chemical Biology and NCCR TransCure, University of Berne , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Maria J Marcaida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Chemical Biology and NCCR TransCure, University of Berne , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Sachin Kotak
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Chemical Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Chemical Biology and NCCR TransCure, University of Berne , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Silvan D Boss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Chemical Biology and NCCR TransCure, University of Berne , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Mahendra Awale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Chemical Biology and NCCR TransCure, University of Berne , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Chemical Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Chemical Biology and NCCR TransCure, University of Berne , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
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22
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Oh S, Shin PK, Chung J. Effects of developmental iron deficiency and post-weaning iron repletion on the levels of iron transporter proteins in rats. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:613-8. [PMID: 26634050 PMCID: PMC4667202 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.6.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Iron deficiency in early life is associated with developmental problems, which may persist until later in life. The question of whether iron repletion after developmental iron deficiency could restore iron homeostasis is not well characterized. In the present study, we investigated the changes of iron transporters after iron depletion during the gestational-neonatal period and iron repletion during the post-weaning period. MATERIALS/METHODS Pregnant rats were provided iron-deficient (< 6 ppm Fe) or control (36 ppm Fe) diets from gestational day 2. At weaning, pups from iron-deficient dams were fed either iron-deficient (ID group) or control (IDR group) diets for 4 week. Pups from control dams were continued to be fed with the control diet throughout the study period (CON). RESULTS Compared to the CON, ID rats had significantly lower hemoglobin and hematocrits in the blood and significantly lower tissue iron in the liver and spleen. Hepatic hepcidin and BMP6 mRNA levels were also strongly down-regulated in the ID group. Developmental iron deficiency significantly increased iron transporters divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and ferroportin (FPN) in the duodenum, but decreased DMT1 in the liver. Dietary iron repletion restored the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit to a normal range, but the tissue iron levels and hepatic hepcidin mRNA levels were significantly lower than those in the CON group. Both FPN and DMT1 protein levels in the liver and in the duodenum were not different between the IDR and the CON. By contrast, DMT1 in the spleen was significantly lower in the IDR, compared to the CON. The splenic FPN was also decreased in the IDR more than in the CON, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that iron transporter proteins in the duodenum, liver and spleen are differentially regulated during developmental iron deficiency. Also, post-weaning iron repletion efficiently restores iron transporters in the duodenum and the liver but not in the spleen, which suggests that early-life iron deficiency may cause long term abnormalities in iron recycling from the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugyoung Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Pill-Kyung Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jayong Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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