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Li TQ, Liu Y, Feng C, Bai J, Wang ZR, Zhang XY, Wang XX. Saikosaponin A attenuates osteoclastogenesis and bone loss by inducing ferroptosis. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1390257. [PMID: 39114369 PMCID: PMC11303733 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1390257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To alleviate bone loss, most current drugs target osteoclasts. Saikosaponin A (Ssa), a triterpene saponin derived from Bupleurum falcatum (also known as Radix bupleuri), has immunoregulatory, neuromodulatory, antiviral, anticancer, anti-convulsant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects. Recently, modulation of bone homeostasis was shown to involve ferroptosis. Herein, we aimed to determine Ssa's inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis and differentiation, whether ferroptosis is involved, and the underlying mechanisms. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, F-actin staining, and pit formation assays were conducted to confirm Ssa-mediated inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Ssa could promote osteoclast ferroptosis and increase mitochondrial damage by promoting lipid peroxidation, as measured by iron quantification, FerroOrange staining, Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate, MitoSOX, malondialdehyde, glutathione, and boron-dipyrromethene 581/591 C11 assays. Pathway analysis showed that Ssa can promote osteoclasts ferroptosis by inhibiting the Nrf2/SCL7A11/GPX4 axis. Notably, we found that the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and the Nrf2 activator tert-Butylhydroquinone reversed the inhibitory effects of Ssa on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. In vivo, micro-computed tomography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, TRAP staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and immunofluorescence confirmed that in rats with periodontitis induced by lipopolysaccharide, treatment with Ssa reduced alveolar bone resorption dose-dependently. The results suggested Ssa as a promising drug to treat osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Qi Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chong Feng
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Bai
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi-Rou Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Xing Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Ono S, Tsuji N, Sakamoto T, Oguchi S, Nakamura T, Hoshi K, Hikita A. Inhibition of cysteine protease disturbs the topological relationship between bone resorption and formation in vitro. J Bone Miner Metab 2024; 42:166-184. [PMID: 38376670 PMCID: PMC10982105 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a global health issue. Bisphosphonates that are commonly used to treat osteoporosis suppress both bone resorption and subsequent bone formation. Inhibition of cathepsin K, a cysteine proteinase secreted by osteoclasts, was reported to suppress bone resorption while preserving or increasing bone formation. Analyses of the different effects of antiresorptive reagents such as bisphosphonates and cysteine proteinase inhibitors will contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying bone remodeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our team has developed an in vitro system in which bone remodeling can be temporally observed at the cellular level by 2-photon microscopy. We used this system in the present study to examine the effects of the cysteine proteinase inhibitor E-64 and those of zoledronic acid on bone remodeling. RESULTS In the control group, the amount of the reduction and the increase in the matrix were correlated in each region of interest, indicating the topological and quantitative coordination of bone resorption and formation. Parameters for osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and matrix resorption/formation were also correlated. E-64 disrupted the correlation between resorption and formation by potentially inhibiting the emergence of spherical osteoblasts, which are speculated to be reversal cells in the resorption sites. CONCLUSION These new findings help clarify coupling mechanisms and will contribute to the development of new drugs for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Ono
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Naoki Tsuji
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shuya Oguchi
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hikita
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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Jha SS. Biologics: Teriparatide and Newer Anabolics. Indian J Orthop 2023; 57:135-146. [PMID: 38107803 PMCID: PMC10721587 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-01063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The landscape of osteoporosis management has evolved significantly over the years, witnessing a paradigm shift from conventional therapies to the emergence of biologic agents. This chapter delves into the intricate mechanisms, potential applications, and future directions of biologic interventions in osteoporosis care. Biologic agents, with their targeted approach to bone health, have revolutionized the field by offering precision-driven strategies that address the underlying mechanisms of bone fragility. This chapter explores the mechanisms of action of various biologics, including Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand (RANKL) inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies targeting sclerostin, parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogues, and cathepsin K inhibitors. It discusses their potential benefits, limitations, and safety considerations, while shedding light on the promise of combination therapies that merge biologic agents with traditional approaches. Furthermore, the chapter delves into the potential applications of biologic agents in specific patient populations, the role of biomarkers in predicting treatment responses, and the influence of emerging biological targets. It also explores the advancements in novel targets and drug delivery systems that aim to enhance treatment convenience and effectiveness. By tailoring treatments based on patient characteristics and exploring novel therapeutic targets, the chapter envisions a future of precision medicine in osteoporosis care. As research continues to evolve, the chapter anticipates a transformative impact on bone health outcomes, fracture prevention, and overall quality of life for individuals at risk of osteoporosis-related fractures. Through comprehensive insights into the mechanisms, applications, and future directions of biologic agents, this chapter offers a holistic perspective on the evolving landscape of osteoporosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shankar Jha
- Harishchandra Institute of Orthopaedics & Research, Allahabad, India
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Lin C, Li ZL, Cai XL, Hu SY, Lv F, Yang WJ, Ji LN. Indirect comparison of efficacy and safety of chiglitazar and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1573-1584. [PMID: 37970134 PMCID: PMC10642417 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chiglitazar is an emerging pan-agonist of all peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR)-α, δ and γ, and has therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, to date, no clinical studies or meta-analyses have compared the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar and traditional PPAR-γ agonist thiazolidinediones (TZDs). A meta-analysis concerning this topic is therefore required. AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of chiglitazar and TZD in patients with T2D. METHODS PubMed, Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Reference Citation Analysis and Clinicaltrial.gov websites were searched from August 1994 to March 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of chiglitazar or TZD vs placebo in patients with T2D were included. Indirect comparisons and sensitivity analyses were implemented to evaluate multiple efficacy and safety endpoints of interest. RESULTS We included 93 RCTs that compared TZD with placebo and one that compared chiglitazar with placebo. For efficacy endpoints, the augmented dose of chig-litazar resulted in greater reductions in hemoglobin (Hb)A1c [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.15%, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.27 to -0.04%], triglycerides (WMD = -0.17 mmol/L, 95%CI: -0.24 to -0.11 mmol/L) and alanine aminotransferase (WMD = -5.25 U/L, 95%CI: -8.50 to -1.99 U/L), and a greater increase in homeostasis model assessment-β (HOMA-β) (WMD = 17.75, 95%CI: 10.73-24.77) when compared with TZD treatment. For safety endpoints, the risks of hypoglycemia, edema, bone fractures, upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, and weight gain were all comparable between the augmented dose of chiglitazar and TZD. In patients with baseline HbA1c ≥ 8.5%, body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 or diabetes duration < 10 years, the HbA1c reduction and HOMA-β increase were more conspicuous for the augmented dose of chiglitazar compared with TZD. CONCLUSION Augmented dose of chiglitazar, a pan-activator of PPARs, may serve as an antidiabetic agent with preferable glycemic and lipid control, better β-cell function preserving capacity, and does not increase the risk of safety concerns when compared with TZD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zong-Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Sui-Yuan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Fang Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wen-Jia Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Li-Nong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Li F, Guo C, Zhang S, Zheng B, Sun K, Shi J. Exploring the role and mechanism of Fuzi decoction in the treatment of osteoporosis by integrating network pharmacology and experimental verification. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:508. [PMID: 37464262 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fuzi decoction (FZD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, was used to treat musculoskeletal diseases by warming channels, strengthening yang and dispelling pathogenic cold and dampness. In clinical practice, FZD has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. It alleviated osteoarticular disorders through ameliorating the degradation of cartilage and improving meniscal damage in osteoarthritis, while its roles and mechanisms in the treatment of bone loss diseases remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of FZD in treating osteoporosis using an integrative method of network pharmacology and experimental study. METHODS In this study, network pharmacology was used to predict the core targets and potential pathways of the bioactive ingredients of FZD to attenuate osteoporosis. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the interactions between core compounds and key targets. In addition, both cell and animal experiments were carried out to validate the role and potential mechanism in treating osteoporosis. RESULTS In the present study, data revealed that kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, fumarine, and (+)-catechin may be the primary bioactive ingredients of FZD in the treatment of osteoporosis, which were closely associated with the osteoporosis-related targets. And the KEGG results indicated that the NF-κB pathway was closely associated with the function of FZD in treating osteoporosis. In addition, in vivo demonstrated that FZD ameliorated osteoporosis. In vitro experiments showed that the pro-apoptotic factors indicators including CASP3 and BAX were decreased by FZD and the anti-apoptotic factor BCL2 was increased by FZD. In addition, FZD significantly suppressed the osteoclast differentiation in culture and the expression levels of osteoclast-related genes including TRAF6, CTSK, and MMP9. And the NF-κB pathway was confirmed, via in vitro experiment, to be involved in osteoclast differentiation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that FZD played a pivotal role in suppressing the osteoclast differentiation via regulating the NF-κB pathway, indicating that FZD could be a promising antiosteoporosis drug and deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fudong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Chuan Guo
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shikai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Kaiyuan Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, 200129, China
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Kaiqiang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Jiangang Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Tian S, Guo L, Song Y, Miao J, Peng M, Fang X, Bai M, Miao M. Transcriptomic analysis the mechanisms of anti-osteoporosis of desert-living Cistanche herb in ovariectomized rats of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:237. [PMID: 37439895 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Desert-living Cistanche herb (DC), as a traditional Chinese medicine for tonifying kidney yang, is often used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Total phenylethanoid glycosides are instruction ingredients for discrimination and assay according to the China pharmacopoeia for DC. This research aimed to reveal the anti-osteoporosis mechanism of total phenylethanoid glycosides of DC (PGC) by transcriptomic analysis of ovariectomized rats. Serum levels of BGP were evaluated by ELISA, the bone weight was measured, and transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure of osteoblasts in rats. In addition, micro-CT was used to detect the bone volume (Tb.BS/BV), bone mineral density (Tb.BMD), and bone mineral content (Tb.BMC) in trabecular bone, and the ratio of cortical bone area to total area (Ct.ar/Tt.ar), and the level of bone mineral content (Ct.BMC) in cortical bone. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) after PGC treatment were analyzed by transcriptomics. Then, a bioinformatics analysis of DEGs was carried out through GO enrichment, KEGG enrichment, and selection of the nucleus gene through the protein-protein interaction network. Through qRT-PCR analysis, the DEGs were verified. The analysis results indicated that PGC increased the secretion of osteogenic markers, and ultrastructural characterization of osteoblasts and bone morphology were improved in ovariectomized rats. A total of 269 genes were differentially expressed, including 201 genes that were downregulated and 68 genes that were upregulated between the model group and the PGC group. Bioinformation analysis results prompt the conclusion that PGC could promote the bone metabolism by muscle cell development, myofibril assembly, etc. In addition, our study also found that PGC has a good effect on osteoporosis complicated with cardiomyopathy, and it also provided evidence for the correlation between sarcopenia and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tian
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zheng Zhou, 450046, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yagang Song
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jinxin Miao
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mengfan Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Zhu X, Li M, Dong X, Liu F, Li S, Hu Y. A systematic review of the relationship between normal range of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and bone mineral density in the postmenopausal women. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:358. [PMID: 37407957 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was adopts meta-analysis in evaluating the correlation between TSH and BMD, as well as osteoporosis in the postmenopausal women with normal thyroid function. METHODS Six databases were searched for articles concerning correlation between TSH and BMD in postmenopausal women. The retrieval time was set from the date of database establishment to November 30, 2020. Revman5.3 and Stata12.0 software were used for meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 19 articles were incorporated. The Summary Fisher' Z of the correlation between TSH and BMD was 0.16, 95% CI (0.00, 0.32), and the correlation coefficient of Summary Fisher' Z conversion was 0.158. Study on the relationship between TSH and osteoporosis based on OR demonstrated that the combined OR was 1.76, 95% CI (1.27, 2.45), P < 0.05. The subgroup analyzing results displayed that the risk of osteoporosis of the subjects from community with low TSH was 1.89, 95% CI (1.43, 2.49). The risk of osteoporosis for subjects with low TSH and from hospitals was 1.36, 95% CI (0.46, 3.99); 1.84 for subjects with low TSH and anti-osteoporosis drugs, 95% CI (1.05, 3.22); and 1.74 for those with low TSH but not taking anti-osteoporosis drugs, 95% CI (1.08, 2.82). The dose-response relationship showed that the risk of osteoporosis tended to decrease when TSH was more than 2.5mIu/L. CONCLUSION The serum TSH is positively related with BMD in postmenopausal women, and high TSH (> 2.5 mIu/L) within the normal range is possibly helpful to decrease the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 You' anmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 You' anmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xinying Dong
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 You' anmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the Joint Staff Department, Beijing, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 You' anmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Yifei Hu
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 You' anmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Ng R, Zhang G, Li JJ. An update on the discovery and development of reversible covalent inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2023; 32:1039-1062. [PMID: 37305209 PMCID: PMC10148018 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule drugs that covalently bind irreversibly to their target proteins have several advantages over conventional reversible inhibitors. They include increased duration of action, less-frequent drug dosing, reduced pharmacokinetic sensitivity, and the potential to target intractable shallow binding sites. Despite these advantages, the key challenges of irreversible covalent drugs are their potential for off-target toxicities and immunogenicity risks. Incorporating reversibility into covalent drugs would lead to less off-target toxicity by forming reversible adducts with off-target proteins and thus reducing the risk of idiosyncratic toxicities caused by the permanent modification of proteins, which leads to higher levels of potential haptens. Herein, we systematically review electrophilic warheads employed during the development of reversible covalent drugs. We hope the structural insights of electrophilic warheads would provide helpful information to medicinal chemists and aid in designing covalent drugs with better on-target selectivity and improved safety. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Ng
- Olema Oncology, 512 2nd St., 4th Floor, San Francisco, 94107 CA USA
| | - Guiping Zhang
- Genhouse Bio, No.1 Xinze Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123 PR China
| | - Jie Jack Li
- Genhouse Bio, No.1 Xinze Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123 PR China
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S S, Camardo A, Dahal S, Ramamurthi A. Surface-Functionalized Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Vascular Elastic Matrix Regenerative Repair. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37093652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles that carry cell-specific biomolecular information. Our previous studies showed that adult human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC)-derived EVs provide antiproteolytic and proregenerative effects in cultures of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) derived from an elastase-infused rat abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) model, and this is promising toward their use as a therapeutic platform for naturally irreversible elastic matrix aberrations in the aortic wall. Since systemically administered EVs poorly home into sites of tissue injury, disease strategies to improve their affinity toward target tissues are of great significance for EV-based treatment strategies. Toward this goal, in this work, we developed a postisolation surface modification strategy to target MSC-derived EVs to the AAA wall. The EVs were surface-conjugated with a short, synthetic, azide-modified peptide sequence for targeted binding to cathepsin K (CatK), a cysteine protease overexpressed in the AAA wall. Conjugation was performed using a copper-free click chemistry method. We determined that such conjugation improved EV uptake into cultured aneurysmal SMCs in culture and their binding to the wall of matrix injured vessels ex vivo. The proregenerative and antiproteolytic effects of MSC-EVs on cultured rat aneurysmal SMCs were also unaffected following peptide conjugation. From this study, it appears that modification with short synthetic peptide sequences seems to be an effective strategy for improving the cell-specific uptake of EVs and may be effective in facilitating AAA-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeesh S
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015-3027, United States
| | - Andrew Camardo
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9620 Carnegie Ave. Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Shataakshi Dahal
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015-3027, United States
| | - Anand Ramamurthi
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015-3027, United States
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Binding mechanism of selective cathepsin K/S inhibition revealed from molecular simulations. Struct Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-023-02136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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11
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Dong WC, Guo JL, Jiang XH, Xu L, Wang H, Ni XY, Zhang YZ, Zhang ZQ, Jiang Y. A more accurate indicator to evaluate oxidative stress in rat plasma with osteoporosis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1267-1277. [PMID: 36686958 PMCID: PMC9813688 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05572d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: oxidative stress is linked to various human diseases which developed into the idea of "disrupted redox signaling". Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture among which estrogen deficiency is the main cause. Lack of estrogen leads to the imbalance between oxidation and anti-oxidation in patients, and oxidative stress is an important link in the pathogenesis of OP. The ratio of the reduced to the oxidized thiols can characterize the redox status. However, few methods have been reported for the simultaneous determination of reduced forms and their oxidized forms of thiols in plasma. Methods: we developed a hollow fiber centrifugal ultrafiltration (HFCF-UF) method for sample preparation and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method to determine two reduced forms of thiols-homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys) levels and their respective oxidized compounds, homocystine (HHcy) and cystine (Cyss) in rat plasma simultaneously for the first time. Thirty-six female rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (NC), oxidative stress (ovariectomy, OVX) and ovariectomy with hydrogen-rich saline administration (OVX + HRS). Results: the validation parameters for the methodological results were within the acceptance criteria. There were both significant differences of Hcy/HHcy (Hcy reduced/oxidized) and Cys/Cyss (Cys reduced/oxidized) in rat plasma between three groups with both p < 0.05 and meanwhile, the p values of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were all less than 0.01. The value of both Hcy/HHcy and Cys/Cyss were significantly decreased with the change of Micro-CT scan result of femoral neck in OVX group (both the trabecular thickness and trabecular number significantly decreased with a significant increase of trabecular separation) which demonstrate OP occurs. The change of Hcy/HHcy is more obvious and prominent than Cys/Cyss. Conclusions: the Hcy/HHcy and Cys/Cyss could be suitable biomarkers for oxidative stress and especially Hcy/HHcy is more sensitive. The developed method is simple and accurate. It can be easily applied in clinical research to further evaluate the oxidative stress indicator for disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chong Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University215# Heping West RoadShijiazhuangHebei Province 050051China,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University361# East Zhongshan RoadShijiazhuangHebei Province 050017China
| | - Jia-Liang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University139# Ziqiang RoadShijiazhuangHebei Province 050000China
| | - Xin-Hui Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aerospace Central HospitalBeijing 100049China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei Province 050051China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University361# East Zhongshan RoadShijiazhuangHebei Province 050017China
| | - Xiao-yu Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University361# East Zhongshan RoadShijiazhuangHebei Province 050017China
| | - Ying-Ze Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University139# Ziqiang RoadShijiazhuangHebei Province 050000China
| | - Zhi-Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University215# Heping West RoadShijiazhuangHebei Province 050051China
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University361# East Zhongshan RoadShijiazhuangHebei Province 050017China
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12
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Mijanović O, Jakovleva A, Branković A, Zdravkova K, Pualic M, Belozerskaya TA, Nikitkina AI, Parodi A, Zamyatnin AA. Cathepsin K in Pathological Conditions and New Therapeutic and Diagnostic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213762. [PMID: 36430239 PMCID: PMC9698382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin K (CatK) is a part of the family of cysteine proteases involved in many important processes, including the degradation activity of collagen 1 and elastin in bone resorption. Changes in levels of CatK are associated with various pathological conditions, primarily related to bone and cartilage degradation, such as pycnodysostosis (associated with CatK deficiency), osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis (associated with CatK overexpression). Recently, the increased secretion of CatK is being highly correlated to vascular inflammation, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Wegener granulomatosis, berylliosis, tuberculosis, as well as with tumor progression. Due to the wide spectrum of diseases in which CatK is involved, the design and validation of active site-specific inhibitors has been a subject of keen interest in pharmaceutical companies in recent decades. In this review, we summarized the molecular background of CatK and its involvement in various diseases, as well as its clinical significance for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olja Mijanović
- Dia-M, LCC, 7 b.3 Magadanskaya Str., 129345 Moscow, Russia
- The Human Pathology Department, Sechenov First Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ana Branković
- Department of Forensics Engineering, University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Cara Dusana 196, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristina Zdravkova
- AD Alkaloid Skopje, Boulevar Alexander the Great 12, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Milena Pualic
- Institute Cardiovascular Diseases Dedinje, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatiana A. Belozerskaya
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Angelina I. Nikitkina
- ArhiMed Clinique for New Medical Technologies, Vavilova St. 68/2, 119261 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7X, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9261180220
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13
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Li Y, Zhang R, Ren M, Liu H, Yang M. Experimental study on the effects of simvastatin in reversing the femoral metaphyseal defects induced by sodium valproate in normal and ovariectomized rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10480. [PMID: 36105473 PMCID: PMC9465351 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Long-term treatment with antiepileptic drugs may cause secondary osteoporosis. The present study investigated the influence of simvastatin (SIM) in reversing the effects of valproate on bone defect healing in normal and ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods Bone defects in femora were established in seven experimental groups of rats: control (vehicle), sodium valproate (SVP; 300 mg/kg/d), SVP plus SIM (25 mg/kg/d), sham control (sham), OVX, OVX SVP and OVX SVP plus SIM. All rats were euthanized at 8 weeks after bone defect creation. Results Micro-CT, biomechanical and histological evaluations demonstrated lower bone strength and delayed bone healing in the SVP therapy group compared with the SVP plus SIM therapy group. Biochemical and immunohistochemical results showed that osteocalcin (OCN), collagen I (Col I) and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) levels decreased, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5 precursor (TRACP-5b) expression increased, and Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand (RANKL) expression were upregulated in the SVP therapy rats compared with the SVP plus SIM therapy group. Bone loss was exacerbated by OVX, but the effect of SIM in ameliorating bone loss was also more marked in the OVX rats. Conclusions This study indicated lower bone strength and delayed healing of bone defects in rats given SVP therapy, especially the OVX SVP treatment group. In contrast, treatment with SIM was effective in enhancing bone strength and promoting bone defect repair and showed significant influence on promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
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14
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Cao J, Zhou MX, Chen X, Sun M, Wei C, Peng Q, Cheng Z, Sun W, Wang H. Sec-O-Glucosylhamaudol Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Repressing 5-LO and AKT/GSK3β Signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880988. [PMID: 35558084 PMCID: PMC9087042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sec-O-glucosylhamaudol (SOG), an active flavonoid compound derived from the root of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Schischk., exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and high 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitory effects. However, its effect on osteoclastogenesis was unclear. We demonstrated that SOG markedly attenuated RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, F-actin ring formation, and mineral resorption by reducing the induction of key transcription factors NFATc1, c-Fos, and their target genes such as TRAP, CTSK, and DC-STAMP during osteoclastogenesis. Western blotting showed that SOG significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β at the middle–late stage of osteoclastogenesis without altering calcineurin catalytic subunit protein phosphatase-2β-Aα expression. Moreover, GSK3β inhibitor SB415286 partially reversed SOG-induced inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, suggesting that SOG inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by activating GSK3β, at least in part. 5-LO gene silencing by small interfering RNA in mouse bone marrow macrophages markedly reduced RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting NFATc1. However, it did not affect the phosphorylation of AKT or GSK3β, indicating that SOG exerts its inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis by suppressing both the independent 5-LO pathway and AKT-mediated GSK3β inactivation. In support of this, SOG significantly improved bone destruction in a lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model of bone loss. Taken together, these results suggest a potential therapeutic effect for SOG on osteoclast-related bone lysis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Cao
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Xue Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Ruikang Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Menglu Sun
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congmin Wei
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qisheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhou Cheng
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanchun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Putuo People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Zeng Q, Xu R, Ling H, Zhao S, Wang X, Yuan W, Gu M, Xu T, Wang P, Ruan H, Jin H, Qu H, Ye F, Chen J. N-Butanol Extract of Modified You-Gui-Yin Attenuates Osteoclastogenesis and Ameliorates Osteoporosis by Inhibiting RANKL-Mediated NF-κB Signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:925848. [PMID: 35813633 PMCID: PMC9263119 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.925848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (PMOP) is the most prevalent primary osteoporosis, attributable to an imbalance in osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Modified You-Gui-Yin (MYGY), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, is able to effectively treat PMOP, while the critical components and pharmacological mechanisms of MYGY are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of N-butanol extract of MYGY (MYGY-Nb) in ovariectomized (OVX)-induced osteoporosis mice. Histological staining and micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis showed that MYGY-Nb was more effective in the suppression of OVX-induced bone loss than MYGY original formula. Subsequently, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis identified 16 critical compounds of MYGY-Nb and some of them are reported to affect osteoclast functions. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that MYGY-Nb significantly attenuated osteoclastogenesis by down-regulating RANKL-mediated NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, our study indicated that MYGY-Nb suppresses NF-κB signaling and osteoclast formation to mitigate bone loss in PMOP, implying that MYGY-Nb and its compounds are potential candidates for development of anti-PMOP drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Zeng
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Houfu Ling
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- The College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Yuan
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mancang Gu
- The College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Taotao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pinger Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangbo Qu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiali Chen, ; Fusheng Ye, ; Hangbo Qu,
| | - Fusheng Ye
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiali Chen, ; Fusheng Ye, ; Hangbo Qu,
| | - Jiali Chen
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiali Chen, ; Fusheng Ye, ; Hangbo Qu,
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16
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ULK1 Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorption via Inhibiting Syk-JNK through DOK3. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2896674. [PMID: 34820053 PMCID: PMC8608530 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2896674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone resorption diseases, including osteoporosis, are usually caused by excessive osteoclastogenesis. Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), a mammalian serine/threonine kinase, may participate in the regulation of bone homeostasis and osteolytic metastasis. In this study, ULK1 expression during osteoclastogenesis was detected with RT-PCR. We knocked down or overexpressed ULK1 through siRNA or lentiviral transduction in bone marrow macrophage (BMM). TRAP and phalloidin staining were performed to detect the osteoclastogenesis activity. Ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model of osteoporosis and a mouse of model osteoclast-induced bone resorption were applied to explore the role of ULK1 in bone resorption in vivo. The results showed that ULK1 expression was downregulated during osteoclast differentiation and was clinically associated with osteoporosis. ULK1 inhibited osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Knockdown of ULK1 expression activated phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). Docking protein 3 (DOK3) was coexpressed with ULK1 during osteoclastogenesis. Downregulation of DOK3 offsets the effect of ULK1 on osteoclastogenesis and induced phosphorylation of JNK and Syk. Activation of ULK1 impeded bone loss in OVX mice with osteoporosis. Additionally, upregulation of ULK1 inhibited osteoclast-induced bone resorption in vivo. Therefore, our study reveals a novel ULK1/DOK3/Syk axis that regulates osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, and targeting ULK1 is a potential therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis.
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Richard ET, Morinaga K, Zheng Y, Sundberg O, Hokugo A, Hui K, Zhou Y, Sasaki H, Kashemirov BA, Nishimura I, McKenna CE. Design and Synthesis of Cathepsin-K-Activated Osteoadsorptive Fluorogenic Sentinel (OFS) Probes for Detecting Early Osteoclastic Bone Resorption in a Multiple Myeloma Mouse Model. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:916-927. [PMID: 33956423 PMCID: PMC8137654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe the design and synthesis of OFS-1, an Osteoadsorptive Fluorogenic Sentinel imaging probe that is adsorbed by hydroxyapatite (HAp) and bone mineral surfaces, where it generates an external fluorescent signal in response to osteoclast-secreted cathepsin K (Ctsk). The probe consists of a bone-anchoring bisphosphonate moiety connected to a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) internally quenched fluorescent (IQF) dye pair, linked by a Ctsk peptide substrate, GHPGGPQG. Key structural features contributing to the effectiveness of OFS-1 were defined by structure-activity relationship (SAR) and modeling studies comparing OFS-1 with two cognates, OFS-2 and OFS-3. In solution or when preadsorbed on HAp, OFS-1 exhibited strong fluorescence when exposed to Ctsk (2.5-20 nM). Time-lapse photomicrographs obtained after seeding human osteoclasts onto HAp-coated well plates containing preadsorbed OFS-1 revealed bright fluorescence at the periphery of resorbing cells. OFS-1 administered systemically detected early osteolysis colocalized with orthotopic engraftment of RPMI-8226-Luc human multiple myeloma cells at a metastatic skeletal site in a humanized mouse model. OFS-1 is thus a promising new imaging tool for detecting abnormal bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Richard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Kenzo Morinaga
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Section of Oral Implantology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yiying Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Oskar Sundberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Akishige Hokugo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Kimberly Hui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Yipin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Hodaka Sasaki
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Boris A. Kashemirov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Charles E. McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
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18
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Huang T, Zhao C, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Wang L, Hang D. RO4929097 regulates RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and LPS-mediated bone resorption. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12526-12536. [PMID: 33934091 PMCID: PMC8148457 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the suppressive function of RO4929097, a potent -secretase inhibitor, on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. The cytotoxicity of RO4929097 was evaluated. The suppressive effect and possible molecular mechanism of RO4929097 on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The IC50 of RO4929097 was 2.93 μM. Treatment with different doses of RO4929097 (100 nM, 200 nM, and 400 nM) effectively reduced osteoclast formation (number and resorption area) in a dose-dependent manner. The qPCR results revealed that RO4929097 attenuates RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and NFATc1 protein expression. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that RO4929097 had an inhibitory effect on LPS-induced bone resorption. Our in vitro experiments showed that RO4929097 can potently inhibit osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by down-regulating the Notch/MAPK/JNK/Akt-mediated reduction of NFATc1. In accordance with these in vitro observations, RO4929097 attenuated LPS-induced osteolysis in mice. In conclusion, our findings indicate that Notch may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baoshan Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Congyun Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mang Shi People's Hospital, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baoshan Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Baoshan Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghua Hang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sun K, Zhu J, Deng Y, Xu X, Kong F, Sun X, Huan L, Ren C, Sun J, Shi J. Gamabufotalin Inhibits Osteoclastgenesis and Counteracts Estrogen-Deficient Bone Loss in Mice by Suppressing RANKL-Induced NF-κB and ERK/MAPK Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:629968. [PMID: 33967763 PMCID: PMC8104077 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.629968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone disease is a condition of imbalanced bone homeostasis, characterized mainly by excessive bone-resorptive activity, which could predispose these populations, such as the old and postmenopausal women, to developing high risk of skeletal fragility and fracture. The nature of bone homeostasis is the coordination between the osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs). Abnormal activation of osteoclasts (OCs) could compromise the bone homeostasis, constantly followed by a clutch of osteolytic diseases, including postmenopausal osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, it is imperatively urgent to explore effective medical interventions for patients. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) gamabufotalin (CS-6) is a newly identified natural product from Chansu and has been utilized for oncologic therapies owing to its good clinical efficacy with less adverse events. Previous study suggested that CS-6 could be a novel anti-osteoporotic agent. Nevertheless, whether CS-6 suppresses RANK-(receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand)/TRAF6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6)-mediated downstream signaling activation in OCs, as well as the effects of CS-6 on OC differentiation in vivo, remains elusive. Therefore, in this present study, we aimed to explore the biological effects of CS-6 on osteoclastogenesis and RANKL-induced activation of related signaling pathways, and further to examine the potential therapeutic application in estrogen-deficient bone loss in the mice model. The results of in vitro experiment showed that CS-6 can inhibit RANKL-induced OC formation and the ability of bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner at both the early and late stages of osteoclastogenesis. The gene expression of OC-related key genes such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), CTSK, DC-STAMP, MMP9, and β3 integrin was evidently reduced. In addition, CS-6 could mitigate the systemic estrogen-dependent bone loss and pro-inframammary cytokines in mice in vivo. The molecular mechanism analysis suggested that CS-6 can suppress RANKL/TRAF6-induced early activation of NF-κB and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways, which consequently suppressed the transcription activity of c-Fos and NFATc1. Taken together, this present study provided ample evidence that CS-6 has the promise to become a therapeutic candidate in treating osteolytic conditions mediated by elevated OC formation and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanqi Kong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Huan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changzhen Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingchuan Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangang Shi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Shao H, Wu R, Cao L, Gu H, Chai F. Trelagliptin stimulates osteoblastic differentiation by increasing runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2): a therapeutic implication in osteoporosis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:960-968. [PMID: 33734011 PMCID: PMC8291811 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1900633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, an aging-associated bone metabolic disease, is affecting millions of people worldwide. The deregulated process of osteoblastic differentiation has been linked with the progression of osteoporosis. Trelagliptin is a long-acting inhibitor of DPP-4 used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, it is unknown whether Trelagliptin possesses a beneficial effect in osteoblastic differentiation. Interestingly, we found that treatment with Trelagliptin enhanced differentiation and promoted the mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. Firstly, Trelagliptin increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and promoted osteoblastic calcium deposition. Additionally, treatment with Trelagliptin upregulated ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Notably, Trelagliptin increased RUNX2, a major regulator of osteoblastic differentiation. Mechanistically, Trelagliptin upregulated the levels of p-AMPKα. Blockage of AMPK with compound C abolished the effects of Trelagliptin in RUNX2 and osteoblastic differentiation, suggesting the involvement of AMPK. Our findings suggest that Trelagliptin might possess a potential for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renzheng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongyang Garden Tianshi Hospital, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Chai
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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21
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Pomeislová A, Otmar M, Rubešová P, Benýšek J, Matoušová M, Mertlíková-Kaiserová H, Pohl R, Poštová Slavětínská L, Pomeisl K, Krečmerová M. 1,2,4-Thiadiazole acyclic nucleoside phosphonates as inhibitors of cysteine dependent enzymes cathepsin K and GSK-3β. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 32:115998. [PMID: 33440320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.115998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In analogy to antiviral acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, a series of 5-amino-3-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3(2H)-ones bearing a 2-phosphonomethoxyethyl (PME) or 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl (HPMP) group at the position 2 of the heterocyclic moiety has been synthesized. Diisopropyl esters of PME- and HPMP-amines have been converted to the N-substituted ureas and then reacted with benzoyl, ethoxycarbonyl, and Fmoc isothiocyanates to give the corresponding thiobiurets, which were oxidatively cyclized to diisopropyl esters of 5-amino-3-oxo-2-PME- or 2-HPMP- 1,2,4-thiadiazol-3(2H)-ones. The phosphonate ester groups were cleaved with bromotrimethylsilane, yielding N5-protected phosphonic acids. The subsequent attempts to remove the protecting group from N5 under alkaline conditions resulted in the cleavage of the 1,2,4-thiadiazole ring. Similarly, compounds with a previously unprotected 5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazolone base moiety were stable only in the form of phosphonate esters. The series of twenty-one newly prepared 1,2,4-thiadiazol-3(2H)-ones were explored as potential inhibitors of cysteine-dependent enzymes - human cathepsin K (CatK) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β). Several compounds exhibited an inhibitory activity toward both enzymes in the low micromolar range. The inhibitory potency of some of them toward GSK-3β was similar to that of the thiadiazole GSK-3β inhibitor tideglusib, whereas others exhibited more favorable toxicity profile while retaining good inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pomeislová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Otmar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Rubešová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Benýšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marika Matoušová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková-Kaiserová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Pomeisl
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Krečmerová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Jia X, Zhu H, Li G, Lan M, Li X, Huang M, Xu W, Wu S. Anti-osteoporotic effects of alisol C 23-acetate via osteoclastogenesis inhibition. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111321. [PMID: 33524783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alismatis rhizoma (AR) is the dried rhizome of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. (Alismataceae). This traditional Chinese formula is diuretic, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic. Alisol C 23-acetate (AC23A) from AR is anti-inflammatory and ameliorates certain metabolic diseases. However, the mechanism by which AC23A mitigates osteoporosis is unknown. The present study investigated the anti-osteoporotic effects of AC23A in vivo and in vitro. In an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model, AC23A ameliorated OVX-induced organ coefficients and trabecular bone loss. In OVX rats, AC23A treatment lowered serum TRAP5b, CTK, β-CTX, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, raised serum E2, and did not significantly change serum OCN or BALP. AC23A inhibited osteoclast formation in a rat co-culture system without affecting osteoblast activity. RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB) signaling channels are vital osteoclastogenesis transcription elements. AC23A inhibited RANK ligand (RANKL)-induced TRAP, c-Fos, MMP9, NFATc1, and CTK expression and JNK phosphorylation. Therefore, AC23A is anti-osteoclastogenic in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and function. Moreover, AC23A could help prevent or limit osteoclast-mediated bone diseases by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Huaichang Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Gaopan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Mengliu Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Mingqing Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Shuisheng Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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23
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Cathepsin K inhibitors based on 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104662. [PMID: 33626452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new series of hitherto unknown dipeptides, containing an electrophilic nitrile or a non-electrophilic 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety were synthesized and evaluated in vitro as Cathepsin K (Cat K) inhibitors. From 14 compounds obtained, the oxadiazole derivatives 10a, 10b, 10e, and 10g acted as enzymatic competitive inhibitors with Ki values between 2.13 and 7.33 µM. Molecular docking calculations were carried out and demonstrated that all inhibitors performed hydrogen bonds with residues from the enzyme active site, such as Asn18. The best inhibitors (10a, 10b, 10g) could also perform these bonds with Cys25, and 10a showed the most stabilizing interaction energy (-134.36 kcal mol-1) with the active cavity. For the first time, derivatives based in 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds were evaluated, and the results suggested that this core displays a remarkable potential as a building block for Cat K inhibitors.
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24
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Abeynayake N, Arthur A, Gronthos S. Crosstalk between skeletal and neural tissues is critical for skeletal health. Bone 2021; 142:115645. [PMID: 32949783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence in the literature describes a physical and functional association between the neural and skeletal systems that forms a neuro-osteogenic network. This communication between bone cells and neural tissues within the skeleton is important in facilitating bone skeletal growth, homeostasis and repair. The growth and repair of the skeleton is dependent on correct neural innervation for correct skeletal developmental growth and fracture repair, while pathological conditions such as osteoporosis are accelerated by disruptions to sympathetic innervation. To date, different molecular mechanisms have been reported to mediate communication between bone and neural populations. This review highlights the important role of various cell surface receptors, cytokines and associated ligands as potential regulators of skeletal development, homeostasis, and repair, by mediating interactions between the skeletal and nervous systems. Specifically, this review describes how Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), Eph/ephrin, Chemokine CXCL12, Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP), Netrins, Neurotrophins (NTs), Slit/Robo and the Semaphorins (Semas) contribute to the cross talk between bone cells and peripheral nerves, and the importance of these interactions in maintaining skeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nethmi Abeynayake
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Agnieszka Arthur
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Gambari L, Grassi F, Roseti L, Grigolo B, Desando G. Learning from Monocyte-Macrophage Fusion and Multinucleation: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Osteoporosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176001. [PMID: 32825443 PMCID: PMC7504439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs) covers an essential role in developing bone diseases, such as osteoporosis (OP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Monocytes or macrophages fusion and multinucleation (M-FM) are key processes for generating multinucleated mature cells with essential roles in bone remodelling. Depending on the phenotypic heterogeneity of monocyte/macrophage precursors and the extracellular milieu, two distinct morphological and functional cell types can arise mature OCs and giant cells (GCs). Despite their biological relevance in several physiological and pathological responses, many gaps exist in our understanding of their formation and role in bone, including the molecular determinants of cell fusion and multinucleation. Here, we outline fusogenic molecules during M-FM involved in OCs and GCs formation in healthy conditions and during OP and RA. Moreover, we discuss the impact of the inflammatory milieu on modulating macrophages phenotype and their differentiation towards mature cells. Methodological approach envisaged searches on Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and EMBASE databases to select relevant studies on M-FM, osteoclastogenesis, inflammation, OP, and RA. This review intends to give a state-of-the-art description of mechanisms beyond osteoclastogenesis and M-FM, with a focus on OP and RA, and to highlight potential biological therapeutic targets to prevent extreme bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Livia Roseti
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (B.G.); Tel.: +39-051-6366090 (B.G.)
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Zhou J, Zhang W, Wei C, Zhang Z, Yi D, Peng X, Peng J, Yin R, Zheng Z, Qi H, Wei Y, Wen T. Weighted correlation network bioinformatics uncovers a key molecular biosignature driving the left-sided heart failure. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:93. [PMID: 32620106 PMCID: PMC7333416 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00750-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left-sided heart failure (HF) is documented as a key prognostic factor in HF. However, the relative molecular mechanisms underlying left-sided HF is unknown. The purpose of this study is to unearth significant modules, pivotal genes and candidate regulatory components governing the progression of left-sided HF by bioinformatical analysis. METHODS A total of 319 samples in GSE57345 dataset were used for weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). ClusterProfiler package in R was used to conduct functional enrichment for genes uncovered from the modules of interest. Regulatory networks of genes were built using Cytoscape while Enrichr database was used for identification of transcription factors (TFs). The MCODE plugin was used for identifying hub genes in the modules of interest and their validation was performed based on GSE1869 dataset. RESULTS A total of six significant modules were identified. Notably, the blue module was confirmed as the most crucially associated with left-sided HF, ischemic heart disease (ISCH) and dilated cardiomyopathy (CMP). Functional enrichment conveyed that genes belonging to this module were mainly those driving the extracellular matrix-associated processes such as extracellular matrix structural constituent and collagen binding. A total of seven transcriptional factors, including Suppressor of Zeste 12 Protein Homolog (SUZ12) and nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2), adrenergic receptor (AR), were identified as possible regulators of coexpression genes identified in the blue module. A total of three key genes (OGN, HTRA1 and MXRA5) were retained after validation of their prognostic value in left-sided HF. The results of functional enrichment confirmed that these key genes were primarily involved in response to transforming growth factor beta and extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION We uncovered a candidate gene signature correlated with HF, ISCH and CMP in the left ventricle, which may help provide better prognosis and therapeutic decisions and in HF, ISCH and CMP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi province, China
- Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Chunying Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi province, China
- Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi province, China
- Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Dasong Yi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi province, China
- Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi province, China
- Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jingtian Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi province, China
- Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi province, China
- Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zeqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi province, China
- Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hongmei Qi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi province, China
- Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yunfeng Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi province, China
- Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Tong Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi province, China.
- Hypertension Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Wang XJ, Liu JW, Liu J. MiR-655-3p inhibits the progression of osteoporosis by targeting LSD1 and activating BMP-2/Smad signaling pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1390-1404. [PMID: 32431171 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120924080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is one of the most common chronic metabolic bone diseases in the seniors and postmenopausal women. Plenty of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been confirmed to be involved in OP progression. However, the role of miR-655-3p in osteogenic differentiation and bone formation was still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cellular function of miR-655-3p and its underlying mechanism in OP. We found that miR-655-3p expression was downregulated in both ovariectomized (OVX) mice bone tissues and MC3T3-E1 cells treated with simulated microgravity (MG). MiR-655-3p overexpression facilitated cell differentiation but suppressed cell apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells induced by simulated MG. Mechanistically, we confirmed that lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a downstream target gene of miR-655-3p. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-655-3p activated the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)/decapentaplegic homolog (Smad) signaling pathway by suppressing LSD1 expression. Moreover, LSD1 knockdown accelerated osteogenic differentiation and inhibited apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells under simulated MG. Additionally, the OVX mouse model was established to investigate the role of miR-655-3p/LSD1 axis in vivo. The results demonstrated that LSD1 could reverse the effects triggered by the injection of adeno-associated virus-miR-655-3p on OP development. Further investigations revealed that miR-655-3p boosted osteogenic differentiation through LSD1/BMP-2/Smad signaling pathway. In summary, these findings implied a potential value of miR-655-3p in OP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-J Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - J-W Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Dianjiang Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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28
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PP121 suppresses RANKL-Induced osteoclast formation in vitro and LPS-Induced bone resorption in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2020; 388:111857. [PMID: 31972221 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone resorption, caused by osteoclasts (OCs), is important to bone homeostasis. The abnormalities of bone resorption may induce a series of diseases, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and aseptic peri-implant loosening. The latest research developed,a novel tyrosine and phosphoinositide kinase dual inhibitor, named PP121, inhibited Src in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell. However, the therapeutic function of PP121 on abnormal bone resorption is still uncertain. In the present study, we showed that PP121 could potently suppress osteoclast differentiation, osteoclast-specific gene expression and bone resorption via suppressing Src/MAPK (ERK and p38)/Akt-mediated NFATc1 induction in vitro. \It was found that PP121 could suppress the formation of osteoclasts from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) without causing cytotoxicity, inhibit bone resorption and downregulate the mRNA level of osteoclast-specific markers, including calcitonin receptor (CTR), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K (CTSK), matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), Cellular oncogene fos (C-Fos) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). Consistent with in vitro observation, we found that PP121 greatly ameliorated LPS-induced bone resorption. Our results provide promising evidence of the therapeutic potential of PP121 for osteolytic diseases related to excessive osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.
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Yamada H, Ochi Y, Mori H, Nishikawa S, Hashimoto Y, Tanaka M, Deacon S, Kawabata K. Cortical bone mineral density is increased by the cathepsin K inhibitor ONO-5334, which leads to a robust increase in bone strength: results from a 16-month study in ovariectomised cynomolgus monkeys. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:636-647. [PMID: 30357565 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-018-0968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the long-term effects of the cathepsin K inhibitor ONO-5334 on bone mass and strength in ovariectomised (OVX) cynomolgus monkeys. Animals were assigned to one of the following six groups: Sham (non-OVX), OVX control treated with vehicle, ONO-5334 1.2, 6 or 30 mg/kg/day, p.o., or alendronate (ALN) 0.05 mg/kg/2 weeks, i.v. for 16 months. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) analysis revealed that ONO-5334 increased not only trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) but also cortical BMD in the distal radius and the lumbar vertebra. ONO-5334 and ALN suppressed the deterioration of trabecular architecture by micro-CT analysis in the distal radius. Assessments of bone strength showed that ONO-5334 increased maximum load at the distal and midshaft radius. The linear regression lines between bone mass and strength in the lumbar vertebra were tended to be shifted towards increasing bone strength in the ONO-5334 6 and 30 mg/kg groups compared with the ALN groups. This indicated that bone strength was higher in the ONO-5334 groups than the ALN group, even though bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD were comparable. Subpopulation analysis revealed that, at similar integral BMC or BMD level, cortical bone mass for ONO-5334 was higher than for ALN; the opposite effects were observed for trabecular bone. In conclusion, ONO-5334 preferentially increased cortical bone, which may provide a greater contribution to bone strength. Since these results support a different mode of action for ONO-5334 compared with that of ALN, ONO-5334 may offer new therapeutic options to patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamada
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai Shimamoto-cho Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-8585, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Ochi
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai Shimamoto-cho Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai Shimamoto-cho Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishikawa
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai Shimamoto-cho Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Hashimoto
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai Shimamoto-cho Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Tanaka
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai Shimamoto-cho Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
| | - Steve Deacon
- Drug Development, ONO Pharma UK LTD, MidCity Place, 71 High Holborn, London, WC1V 6EA, UK
| | - Kazuhito Kawabata
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai Shimamoto-cho Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-8585, Japan
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Chen X, Chen X, Zhou Z, Mao Y, Wang Y, Ma Z, Xu W, Qin A, Zhang S. Nirogacestat suppresses RANKL-Induced osteoclast formation in vitro and attenuates LPS-Induced bone resorption in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111470. [PMID: 31211955 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone resorption, initiated by osteoclasts (OCs), plays an essential role in bone homeostasis. The abnormalities of bone resorption may induce a series of diseases, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and aseptic peri-implant loosening. Nirogacestat (PF-03084014, PF), a novel gamma-secretase inhibitor, has been used in phase II clinical trial for treatment of desmoid tumor. However, whether it has the therapeutic effect on abnormal bone resorption remains to be evaluated. In this study, we investigated the role of PF in the regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro, and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone resorption in vivo. It was found that PF could suppress the formation of osteoclasts from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) without causing cytotoxicity, inhibit bone resorption and downregulate the mRNA level of osteoclast-specific markers, including calcitonin receptor (CTR), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K (CTSK), dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (Dc-stamp), Atp6v0d2 (V-ATPase d2) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). Furthermore, Notch2 signaling, as well as RANKL-induced AKT signaling was significantly inhibited in BMMs. Consistent with in vitro observation, we found that PF greatly ameliorated LPS-induced bone resorption. Taken together, our study demonstrated that PF has a great potential to be used in management of osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhuo Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhihang Zhou
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yi Mao
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yexin Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhigui Ma
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Shanyong Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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31
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Pirapaharan DC, Søe K, Panwar P, Madsen JS, Bergmann ML, Overgaard M, Brömme D, Delaisse JM. A Mild Inhibition of Cathepsin K Paradoxically Stimulates the Resorptive Activity of Osteoclasts in Culture. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:92-101. [PMID: 30194476 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin K (CatK) inhibition allows reducing bone resorption with specific advantages compared to the existing anti-osteoporosis drugs. Its clinical use appears even more promising with the recent development of ectosteric inhibitors. A confusing observation, however, is that a low dose of the active site CatK inhibitor odanacatib (ODN) was reported to decrease bone mineral density and increase serum levels of the bone resorption marker carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX). The present study provides a possible explanation for this paradox. The resorptive activity of human osteoclasts seeded on bone slices was inhibited when subjected to ODN at doses of 20 nM, but about 100-fold lower doses induced a significant increase in CTX levels and in eroded surface (12 repeats). This low-dose-induced stimulation was prevented by inhibition of non-CatK cysteine proteinases, thereby indicating that the stimulation results from an interplay between CatK and other cysteine proteinases. Effective interplay between these proteinases was also shown in enzymatic assays where the CatK-mediated degradation of collagen was enhanced upon addition of cathepsins B or L. Furthermore, extracts of osteoclasts subjected to a low dose of ODN showed higher levels of cathepsin B compared with extracts of control osteoclasts. In conclusion, the low-dose-induced stimulation of resorption observed in the clinical study can be reproduced in osteoclasts cultured in the absence of any other cell. Our data support an osteoclast-intrinsic mechanism where a mild inhibition of CatK results in increased levels of other proteinases contributing to the collagen degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinisha Cyril Pirapaharan
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Vejle Hospital/Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Kent Søe
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Vejle Hospital/Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 7100, Vejle, Denmark.
| | - Preety Panwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jonna Skov Madsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Vejle Hospital/Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Marianne Lerbæk Bergmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Vejle Hospital/Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Martin Overgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dieter Brömme
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jean-Marie Delaisse
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Vejle Hospital/Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 7100, Vejle, Denmark.
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32
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Li CC, Qiu XT, Sun Q, Zhou JP, Yang HJ, Wu WZ, He LF, Tang CE, Zhang GG, Bai YP. Endogenous reduction of miR-185 accelerates cardiac function recovery in mice following myocardial infarction via targeting of cathepsin K. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1164-1173. [PMID: 30450725 PMCID: PMC6349160 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for re‐establishing the blood supply to the surviving myocardium after myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). MicroRNAs are recognised as important epigenetic regulators of endothelial function. The aim of this study was to determine the roles of microRNAs in angiogenesis. Eighteen circulating microRNAs including miR‐185‐5p were differently expressed in plasma from patients with ACS by high‐throughput RNA sequencing. The expressional levels of miR‐185‐5p were dramatically reduced in hearts isolated from mice following MI and cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under hypoxia, as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridisation and quantitative RT‐PCR. Evidence from computational prediction and luciferase reporter gene activity indicated that cathepsin K (CatK) mRNA is a target of miR‐185‐5p. In HUVECs, miR‐185‐5p mimics inhibited cell proliferations, migrations and tube formations under hypoxia, while miR‐185‐5p inhibitors performed the opposites. Further, the inhibitory effects of miR‐185‐5p up‐regulation on cellular functions of HUVECs were abolished by CatK gene overexpression, and adenovirus‐mediated CatK gene silencing ablated these enhancive effects in HUVECs under hypoxia. In vivo studies indicated that gain‐function of miR‐185‐5p by agomir infusion down‐regulated CatK gene expression, impaired angiogenesis and delayed the recovery of cardiac functions in mice following MI. These actions of miR‐185‐5p agonists were mirrored by in vivo knockdown of CatK in mice with MI. Endogenous reductions of miR‐185‐5p in endothelial cells induced by hypoxia increase CatK gene expression to promote angiogenesis and to accelerate the recovery of cardiac function in mice following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chang Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue-Ting Qiu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji-Peng Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui-Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wan-Zhou Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Fang He
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can-E Tang
- Institute of Medical Science Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Gang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Ping Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Carmona-Martínez V, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Vera M, Guirado A, Martínez-Esparza M, García-Peñarrubia P. Therapeutic potential of pteridine derivatives: A comprehensive review. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:461-516. [PMID: 30341778 DOI: 10.1002/med.21529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pteridines are aromatic compounds formed by fused pyrazine and pyrimidine rings. Many living organisms synthesize pteridines, where they act as pigments, enzymatic cofactors, or immune system activation molecules. This variety of biological functions has motivated the synthesis of a huge number of pteridine derivatives with the aim of studying their therapeutic potential. This review gathers the state-of-the-art of pteridine derivatives, describing their biological activities and molecular targets. The antitumor activity of pteridine-based compounds is one of the most studied and advanced therapeutic potentials, for which several molecular targets have been identified. Nevertheless, pteridines are also considered as very promising therapeutics for the treatment of chronic inflammation-related diseases. On the other hand, many pteridine derivatives have been tested for antimicrobial activities but, although some of them resulted to be active in preliminary assays, a deeper research is needed in this area. Moreover, pteridines may be of use in the treatment of many other diseases, such as diabetes, osteoporosis, ischemia, or neurodegeneration, among others. Thus, the diversity of the biological activities shown by these compounds highlights the promising therapeutic use of pteridine derivatives. Indeed, methotrexate, pralatrexate, and triamterene are Food and Drug Administration approved pteridines, while many others are currently under study in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Carmona-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular (B) e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio J Ruiz-Alcaraz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular (B) e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Vera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Guirado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Esparza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular (B) e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Peñarrubia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular (B) e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Shim JH, Stavre Z, Gravallese EM. Bone Loss in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:533-546. [PMID: 29204672 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have historically developed progressive damage of articular bone and cartilage, which correlates with disability over time. In addition, these patients are prone to periarticular and systemic bone loss, carrying additional morbidity. In contrast to what is seen in many other rheumatic diseases, the impact of inflammation on bone in RA is uniquely destructive. Loss of articular bone (erosions) and periarticular bone (demineralization) is a result of excessive bone resorption and markedly limited bone formation. There has been tremendous progress in preventing net bone loss in RA with the advent of disease-modifying agents, including biologic agents and small molecules, that both limit inflammation and may have a direct impact on the prevention of cytokine- and antibody-driven osteoclastogenesis. However, repair of existing bone erosions, although feasible, is observed infrequently. Lack of repair is a consequence of suppression of osteoblast function and bone formation by some of the same mechanisms that promote osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. As new agents are introduced to control inflammation in RA, and novel mechanisms to target synovitis are identified, it may be possible in the future to fully repair damaged bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyuck Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Zheni Stavre
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ellen M Gravallese
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Hussein H, Boyaka P, Dulin J, Russell D, Smanik L, Azab M, Bertone AL. Cathepsin K Localizes to Equine Bone In Vivo and Inhibits Bone Marrow Stem and Progenitor Cells Differentiation In Vitro. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2017. [PMID: 29391749 PMCID: PMC5786646 DOI: 10.46582/jsrm.1302008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibition of Cathepsin K (CatK) has a promising therapeutic potential for diseases associated with bone loss and osseous inflammation, such as osteoarthritis, periodontitis, and osteoporosis. In horses, stress-related bone injuries are common and accompanied by bone pain and inflammation resulting in excessive bone resorption and periostitis. VEL-0230 is a highly selective inhibitor of CatK that significantly decreased bone resorption and increased bone formation biomarkers. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the presence of CatK in equine bone and a simultaneous influence on the bone marrow cellular components including function and differentiation. Our objectives were: 1) to investigate the tissue localization of CatK protein in equine bone using immunohistochemistry, and 2) to determine the effect of CatK inhibition on osteoclastogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential of equine stem and progenitor cells in vitro using histochemical staining and differentiation-related gene expression analyses. Bone biopsies, harvested from the tuber coxae and proximal phalanx of six healthy horses, were processed for immunostaining against CatK. Sternal bone marrow aspirates were cultured in 0, 1, 10, or 100 μM of VEL-0230 and subsequent staining scoring and gene expression analyses performed. All cells morphologically characterized as osteoclasts and moderate number of active bone lining osteoblasts stained positive for CatK. Histochemical staining and gene expression analyses revealed a significant increase in the osteoclastogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential of equine bone marrow cells, which was VEL-0230-concentration dependent for the latter two. These results suggested that CatK inhibition may have anabolic effects on bone and cartilage regeneration that may be explained as a feedback response to CatK depletion. In conclusion, the use of CatK inhibition to reduce inflammation and associated bone resorption in equine osseous disorders may offer advantages to other therapeutics that would require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayam Hussein
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Prosper Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer Dulin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Duncan Russell
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lauren Smanik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed Azab
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alicia L Bertone
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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36
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Lee SK, Kim H, Park J, Kim HJ, Kim KR, Son SH, Park KK, Chung WY. Artemisia annua extract prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss by blocking receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand-induced differentiation of osteoclasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17332. [PMID: 29230013 PMCID: PMC5725529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts are balanced to maintain normal bone density. Many pathological conditions cause osteoclastic bone resorption in excess of osteoblastic bone formation, resulting in osteoporosis. We found that oral administration of Artemisia annua ethanol extract (AaE) or major components, artemisinin and arteannuin B, to ovariectomized (OVX) mice prevented bone loss, as verified by examining three-dimensional images and bone morphometric parameters derived from microcomputed tomography analysis, as well as serum levels of bone turnover markers and proinflammatory cytokines. The administered doses were not toxic to the liver or kidney and showed promising effects that were comparable to those of 17β-estradiol treatment. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, AaE and active components, artemisinin, artemisinic acid, and arteannuin B, potently inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and the formation of osteoclast-mediated resorption pits. Furthermore, AaE, artemisinin, and arteannuin B remarkably reduced the expression of the c-Fos and NFATc1 transcription factors, which play critical roles in RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, the in vivo anti-osteoporotic activity of AaE may be derived from the anti-osteoclastic and anti-bone resorptive activities of its active components. AaE has beneficial applications for the prevention and inhibition of osteoporosis and osteoclast-mediated bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Kyoung Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hyungkeun Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Junhee Park
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ki Rim Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Korea
| | - Seung Hwa Son
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Gangdong College, Icheon, 27600, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Won-Yoon Chung
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea. .,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea. .,Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reports have suggested a potential association of tea consumption with the risk of osteoporosis. As such association is controversial, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between tea consumption and osteoporosis. METHODS AND FINDINGS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and WanFang databases until March 30, 2016, using the keywords "tea and osteoporosis," without limits of language. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were derived by using random-effects models throughout the analyses. We conducted the analysis of the statistical heterogeneity using Cochrane I. The funnel plot was used to speculate the publication bias, while the subgroup analysis and multiround elimination method were employed. RESULTS Our study was based on 17 journal articles, including 2 prospective cohort studies, 4 case-control studies, and 11 cross-sectional studies. In the present study, the total OR of osteoporosis for the highest versus the lowest categories of tea consumption was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.46-0.83), with significant heterogeneity among studies (I = 94%, P < .01). There was, however, no publication bias of the meta-analysis about tea consumption and osteoporosis. Subgroup analysis showed that tea consumption could reduce the risk of osteoporosis in all examined subgroups. CONCLUSION In the present study, it can be concluded from the results that tea consumption can reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qingping Ma
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoyun Cui
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qianru Lv
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Center of Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | - Xinghui Li
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Tsutsumi S, Ogino I, Miyajima M, Nonaka S, Ito M, Yasumoto Y, Arai H. Role of cathepsin K in the development of chronic subdural hematoma. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 45:343-347. [PMID: 28887075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive investigations, the process of development of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is not known. The present study aims to investigate CSDH by measuring biomarkers in it, gas analysis, and immunohistochemical examination. A total of 42 patients with symptomatic CSDH who underwent burr-hole drainage were enrolled. Intraoperatively, hematoma fluid and peripheral venous blood (PVCSDH) were simultaneously collected. As controls, peripheral venous blood (PVControl) and intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected from other subjects during other surgeries. CatK, lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS), and cystatin C (CysC) present in these specimens were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data obtained were statistically analyzed after age correction. In 15 patients, gas analysis was performed for CSDH and PVCSDH. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examination for the outer membrane was performed for four patients. CatK, PGDS, and CysC levels were markedly elevated in the CSF and CSDH. CatK levels in PVCSDH were significantly higher than in PVControl (P<0.0001). In contrast, CysC levels in PVCSDH were significantly lower than in PVControl (P=0.004). The gas analysis revealed that the internal environment of CSDH is characterized by marked hypoxia, hypoglycemia, and lactic acidosis. Furthermore, the outer membrane consistently showed a diffuse staining for CatK. Based on these, CatK was thought to play a role in the development of CSDH, with the levels in peripheral venous blood elevated in patients with CSDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tsutsumi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Japan.
| | - Ikuko Ogino
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masakazu Miyajima
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Senshu Nonaka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Japan
| | - Masanori Ito
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Japan
| | - Yukimasa Yasumoto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Japan
| | - Hajime Arai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
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39
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El Khassawna T, Merboth F, Malhan D, Böcker W, Daghma DE, Stoetzel S, Kern S, Hassan F, Rosenbaum D, Langenstein J, Bauer N, Schlagenhauf A, Rösen-Wolff A, Schulze F, Rupp M, Hose D, Secklinger A, Ignatius A, Wilke HJ, Lips KS, Heiss C. Osteocyte Regulation of Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand/Osteoprotegerin in a Sheep Model of Osteoporosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1686-1699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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40
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Lewiecki EM, Bilezikian JP, Bukata SV, Camacho P, Clarke BL, McClung MR, Miller PD, Shepherd J. Proceedings of the 2016 Santa Fe Bone Symposium: New Concepts in the Management of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases. J Clin Densitom 2017; 20:134-152. [PMID: 28185765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Santa Fe Bone Symposium is an annual meeting of healthcare professionals and clinical researchers that details the clinical relevance of advances in knowledge of skeletal diseases. The 17th Santa Fe Bone Symposium was held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, on August 5-6, 2016. The program included plenary lectures, oral presentations by endocrinology fellows, meet-the-professor sessions, and panel discussions, all aimed to provide ample opportunity for interactive discussions among all participants. Symposium topics included recent developments in the translation of basic bone science to patient care, new clinical practice guidelines for postmenopausal osteoporosis, management of patients with disorders of phosphate metabolism, new and emerging treatments for rare bone diseases, strategies to enhance fracture healing, and an update on Bone Health Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes, using a teleconferencing platform to elevate the level of knowledge of healthcare professionals in underserved communities to deliver best practice care for skeletal diseases. The highlights and important clinical messages of the 2016 Santa Fe Bone Symposium are provided herein by each of the faculty presenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Michael Lewiecki
- New Mexico Clinical Research & Osteoporosis Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - John P Bilezikian
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Pauline Camacho
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Paul D Miller
- Colorado Center for Bone Research at Centura Health, Lakewood, CO, USA
| | - John Shepherd
- Department of Radiology and Biochemical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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41
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42
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Ahmad S, Siddiqi MI. Insights from molecular modeling into the selective inhibition of cathepsin S by its inhibitor. J Mol Model 2017; 23:92. [PMID: 28236030 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin S has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the remodeling of extracellular matrix proteins such as elastin and collagen, which in turn contribute to the structural integrity of the cardiovascular wall. Atherosclerotic lesions, aneurysm formation, plaque rupture, thrombosis, and calcification are some of the cardiovascular disorders related to cathepsin S. A highly selective inhibitor of human as well as animal cathepsin S, RO5444101, was recently reported to attenuate the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Here, we attempted to gain insight into the molecular mechanism of action of RO5444101 on cathepsin S by performing molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The results of our studies correlate well with relevant reported experimental data and potentially explain the selectivity of this inhibitor for cathepsin S rather than cathepsin L1/L, cathepsin L2/V, and cathepsin K, which share conserved catalytic sites and have sequence similarities of 49%, 50%, and 55%, respectively, with respect to cathepsin S. In contrast to those closely related cathepsins, 20 ns MD simulation data reveal that the overall interaction of cathepsin S with RO5444101 is more stable and involves more protein-molecule interactions than the interactions of the inhibitor with the other cathepsins. This study therefore considerably improves our understanding of the molecular mechanism responsible for cathepsin S inhibition and facilitates the identification of potential novel selective inhibitors of cathepsin S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabahuddin Ahmad
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Campus, Lucknow, 226031, India.
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Applicability of in vitro-in vivo translation of cathepsin K inhibition from animal species to human with the use of free-drug hypothesis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:435-441. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hussein H, Dulin J, Smanik L, Drost WT, Russell D, Wellman M, Bertone A. Repeated oral administration of a cathepsin K inhibitor significantly suppresses bone resorption in exercising horses with evidence of increased bone formation and maintained bone turnover. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:327-334. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Hussein
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - J. Dulin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - L. Smanik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - W. T. Drost
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - D. Russell
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - M. Wellman
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - A. Bertone
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
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Marom R, Lee YC, Grafe I, Lee B. Pharmacological and biological therapeutic strategies for osteogenesis imperfecta. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 172:367-383. [PMID: 27813341 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility, low bone mass, and bone deformities. The majority of cases are caused by autosomal dominant pathogenic variants in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes that encode type I collagen, the major component of the bone matrix. The remaining cases are caused by autosomal recessively or dominantly inherited mutations in genes that are involved in the post-translational modification of type I collagen, act as type I collagen chaperones, or are members of the signaling pathways that regulate bone homeostasis. The main goals of treatment in OI are to decrease fracture incidence, relieve bone pain, and promote mobility and growth. This requires a multi-disciplinary approach, utilizing pharmacological interventions, physical therapy, orthopedic surgery, and monitoring nutrition with appropriate calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Bisphosphonate therapy, which has become the mainstay of treatment in OI, has proven beneficial in increasing bone mass, and to some extent reducing fracture risk. However, the response to treatment is not as robust as is seen in osteoporosis, and it seems less effective in certain types of OI, and in adult OI patients as compared to most pediatric cases. New pharmacological treatments are currently being developed, including anti-resorptive agents, anabolic treatment, and gene- and cell-therapy approaches. These therapies are under different stages of investigation from the bench-side, to pre-clinical and clinical trials. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings regarding the pharmacological and biological strategies for the treatment of patients with OI. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Abstract
Osteoporosis, which is characterized by resorption of bone exceeding formation, remains a significant human health concern, and the impact of this condition will only increase with the "graying" of the worldwide population. This review focuses on current and emerging approaches for delivering therapeutic agents to restore bone remodeling homeostasis. Well-known antiresorptive and anabolic agents, such as estrogen, estrogen analogs, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone, along with newer modulators and antibodies, are primarily administered orally, intravenously, or subcutaneously. Although these treatments can be effective, continuing problems include patient noncompliance and adverse systemic or remote-site effects. Controlled drug delivery via polymeric, targeted, and active release systems extends drug half-life by shielding against premature degradation and improves bioavailability while also providing prolonged, sustained, or intermittent release at therapeutic doses to more effectively treat osteoporosis and associated fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Asafo-Adjei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA
| | - A J Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA
| | - A Najarzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA
| | - D A Puleo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 522A Robotics and Manufacturing Building, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA.
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