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Yan L, Wang J, Cai X, Liou Y, Shen H, Hao J, Huang C, Luo G, He W. Macrophage plasticity: signaling pathways, tissue repair, and regeneration. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e658. [PMID: 39092292 PMCID: PMC11292402 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are versatile immune cells with remarkable plasticity, enabling them to adapt to diverse tissue microenvironments and perform various functions. Traditionally categorized into classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes, recent advances have revealed a spectrum of macrophage activation states that extend beyond this dichotomy. The complex interplay of signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators, and epigenetic modifications orchestrates macrophage polarization, allowing them to respond to various stimuli dynamically. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the signaling cascades governing macrophage plasticity, focusing on the roles of Toll-like receptors, signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins, nuclear receptors, and microRNAs. We also discuss the emerging concepts of macrophage metabolic reprogramming and trained immunity, contributing to their functional adaptability. Macrophage plasticity plays a pivotal role in tissue repair and regeneration, with macrophages coordinating inflammation, angiogenesis, and matrix remodeling to restore tissue homeostasis. By harnessing the potential of macrophage plasticity, novel therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage polarization could be developed for various diseases, including chronic wounds, fibrotic disorders, and inflammatory conditions. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning macrophage plasticity will pave the way for innovative regenerative medicine and tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Yan
- Institute of Burn ResearchState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and RegenerationChongqingChina
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Burn ResearchState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and RegenerationChongqingChina
| | - Xin Cai
- Institute of Burn ResearchState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and RegenerationChongqingChina
| | - Yih‐Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Han‐Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacauMacauChina
| | - Jianlei Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and TreatmentZhuhai Institute of Translational MedicineZhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University)Jinan UniversityZhuhaiGuangdongChina
- The Biomedical Translational Research InstituteFaculty of Medical ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospitaland West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn ResearchState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and RegenerationChongqingChina
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn ResearchState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoningthe First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and RegenerationChongqingChina
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Ko HJ, Sim SA, Park MH, Ryu HS, Choi WY, Park SM, Lee JN, Hyun CG. Anti-Photoaging Effects of Upcycled Citrus junos Seed Anionic Peptides on Ultraviolet-Radiation-Induced Skin Aging in a Reconstructed Skin Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1711. [PMID: 38338991 PMCID: PMC10855038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Side streams and byproducts of food are established sources of natural ingredients in cosmetics. In the present study, we obtained upcycled low-molecular-weight anionic peptides (LMAPs) using byproducts of the post-yuzu-juicing process by employing an enzyme derived from Bacillus sp. For the first time, we isolated anionic peptides less than 500 Da in molecular weight from Citrus junos TANAKA seeds via hydrolysis using this enzyme. The protective effect of LMAPs against UVR-induced photoaging was evaluated using a reconstructed skin tissue (RST) model and keratinocytes. The LMAPs protected the keratinocytes by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species and by reducing the levels of paracrine cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in UVR (UVA 2 J/cm2 and UVB 15 mJ/cm2)-irradiated keratinocytes. Additionally, the increase in melanin synthesis and TRP-2 expression in RST caused by UVR was significantly inhibited by LMAP treatment. This treatment strongly induced the expression of filaggrin and laminin-5 in UVR-irradiated RST. It also increased type I collagen expression in the dermal region and in fibroblasts in vitro. These results suggest that a hydrolytic system using the enzyme derived from Bacillus sp. can be used for the commercial production of LMAPs from food byproducts and that these LMAPs can be effective ingredients for improving photoaging-induced skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Ko
- Bio Convergence R&D Center, CoSeedBioPharm Corporation, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-H.P.); (H.-S.R.); (W.-Y.C.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Su-An Sim
- Bio Convergence R&D Center, CoSeedBioPharm Corporation, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-H.P.); (H.-S.R.); (W.-Y.C.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Mi-Hee Park
- Bio Convergence R&D Center, CoSeedBioPharm Corporation, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-H.P.); (H.-S.R.); (W.-Y.C.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Hwa-Sun Ryu
- Bio Convergence R&D Center, CoSeedBioPharm Corporation, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-H.P.); (H.-S.R.); (W.-Y.C.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Won-Yeong Choi
- Bio Convergence R&D Center, CoSeedBioPharm Corporation, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-H.P.); (H.-S.R.); (W.-Y.C.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Bio Convergence R&D Center, CoSeedBioPharm Corporation, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-H.P.); (H.-S.R.); (W.-Y.C.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Jung-No Lee
- Bio Convergence R&D Center, CoSeedBioPharm Corporation, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (M.-H.P.); (H.-S.R.); (W.-Y.C.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Chang-Gu Hyun
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
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A Kaleidoscope of Keratin Gene Expression and the Mosaic of Its Regulatory Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065603. [PMID: 36982676 PMCID: PMC10052683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratins are a family of intermediate filament-forming proteins highly specific to epithelial cells. A combination of expressed keratin genes is a defining property of the epithelium belonging to a certain type, organ/tissue, cell differentiation potential, and at normal or pathological conditions. In a variety of processes such as differentiation and maturation, as well as during acute or chronic injury and malignant transformation, keratin expression undergoes switching: an initial keratin profile changes accordingly to changed cell functions and location within a tissue as well as other parameters of cellular phenotype and physiology. Tight control of keratin expression implies the presence of complex regulatory landscapes within the keratin gene loci. Here, we highlight patterns of keratin expression in different biological conditions and summarize disparate data on mechanisms controlling keratin expression at the level of genomic regulatory elements, transcription factors (TFs), and chromatin spatial structure.
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Frantz MC, Rozot R, Marrot L. NRF2 in dermo-cosmetic: From scientific knowledge to skin care products. Biofactors 2023; 49:32-61. [PMID: 36258295 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the organ that is most susceptible to the impact of the exposome. Located at the interface with the external environment, it protects internal organs through the barrier function of the epidermis. It must adapt to the consequences of the harmful effects of solar radiation, the various chemical constituents of atmospheric pollution, and wounds associated with mechanical damage: oxidation, cytotoxicity, inflammation, and so forth. In this biological context, a capacity to adapt to the various stresses caused by the exposome is essential; otherwise, more or less serious conditions may develop accelerated aging, pigmentation disorders, atopy, psoriasis, and skin cancers. Nrf2-controlled pathways play a key role at this level. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that controls genes involved in oxidative stress protection and detoxification of chemicals. Its involvement in UV protection, reduction of inflammation in processes associated with healing, epidermal differentiation for barrier function, and hair regrowth, has been demonstrated. The modulation of Nrf2 in the skin may therefore constitute a skin protection or care strategy for certain dermatological stresses and disorders initiated or aggravated by the exposome. Nrf2 inducers can act through different modes of action. Keap1-dependent mechanisms include modification of the cysteine residues of Keap1 by (pro)electrophiles or prooxidants, and disruption of the Keap1-Nrf2 complex. Indirect mechanisms are suggested for numerous phytochemicals, acting on upstream pathways, or via hormesis. While developing novel and safe Nrf2 modulators for skin care may be challenging, new avenues can arise from natural compounds-based molecular modeling and emerging concepts such as epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Rozot
- Advanced Research, L'OREAL Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Laurent Marrot
- Advanced Research, L'OREAL Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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Zakic T, Stojanovic S, Jankovic A, Korac A, Pekovic-Vaughan V, Korac B. Redox-metabolic reprogramming of skin in mice lacking functional Nrf2 under basal conditions and cold acclimation. Biofactors 2022. [PMID: 36585756 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive responses to environmental and physiological challenges, including exposure to low environmental temperature, require extensive structural, redox, and metabolic reprogramming. Detailed molecular mechanisms of such processes in the skin are lacking, especially the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and other closely related redox-sensitive transcription factors Nrf1, Nrf3, and nuclear respiratory factor (NRF1). To investigate the role of Nrf2, we examined redox and metabolic responses in the skin of wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking functional Nrf2 (Nrf2 KO) at room (RT, 24 ± 1°C) and cold (4 ± 1°C) temperature. Our results demonstrate distinct expression profiles of major enzymes involved in antioxidant defense and key metabolic and mitochondrial pathways in the skin, depending on the functional Nrf2 and/or cold stimulus. Nrf2 KO mice at RT displayed profound alterations in redox, mitochondrial and metabolic responses, generally akin to cold-induced skin responses in WT mice. Immunohistochemical analyses of skin cell compartments (keratinocytes, fibroblasts, hair follicle, and sebaceous gland) and spatial locations (nucleus and cytoplasm) revealed synergistic interactions between members of the Nrf transcription factor family as part of redox-metabolic reprogramming in WT mice upon cold acclimation. In contrast, Nrf2 KO mice at RT showed loss of NRF1 expression and a compensatory activation of Nrf1/Nrf3, which was abolished upon cold, concomitant with blunted redox-metabolic responses. These data show for the first time a novel role for Nrf2 in skin physiology in response to low environmental temperature, with important implications in human connective tissue diseases with altered thermogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zakic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sara Stojanovic
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bato Korac
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Panieri E, Telkoparan-Akillilar P, Saso L. NRF2, a crucial modulator of skin cells protection against vitiligo, psoriasis, and cancer. Biofactors 2022; 49:228-250. [PMID: 36310374 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The skin represents a physical barrier between the organism and the environment that has evolved to confer protection against biological, chemical, and physical insults. The inner layer, known as dermis, is constituted by connective tissue and different types of immune cells whereas the outer layer, the epidermis, is composed by different layers of keratinocytes and an abundant number of melanocytes, localized in the stratum basale of the epidermis. Oxidative stress is a common alteration of inflammatory skin disorders such as vitiligo, dermatitis, or psoriasis but can also play a causal role in skin carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) has emerged as a crucial regulator of cell defense mechanisms activating complex transcriptional programs that facilitate reactive oxygen species detoxification, repair oxidative damage and prevent xenobiotic-induced toxicity. Accumulating evidence suggests that the keratinocytes, melanocytes, and other skin cell types express high levels of NRF2, which is known to play a pivotal role in the skin homeostasis, differentiation, and metabolism during normal and pathologic conditions. In the present review, we summarize the current evidence linking NRF2 to skin pathophysiology and we discuss some recent modulators of NRF2 activity that have shown a therapeutic efficacy in skin protection against tumor initiation and common inflammatory skin conditions such as vitiligo or psoriasis, with a particular emphasis on natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of General Direction (DG), Section of Hazardous Substances, Environmental Education and Training for the Technical Coordination of Management Activities (DGTEC), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Wu R, Chen X, Wu H, Hu Y, Wang G, Wang H, Yang B, Fu J, Gao Y, Pi J, Xu Y. Nrf2 activation contributes to hepatic tumor-augmenting effects of developmental arsenic exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155685. [PMID: 35523338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developmental arsenic exposure increases cancer risk in later life with the mechanism elusive. Oxidative stress is a dominant determinant in arsenic toxicity. However, the role of Nrf2, a key regulator in antioxidative response, in tumor-augmenting effects by developmental arsenic exposure is unclear. In the present study, wild-type C57BL/6J and Nrf2-konckout (Nrf2-KO) were developmentally exposed to inorganic arsenic via drinking water. For hepatic tumorigenesis analysis, mice were intraperitoneally injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at two weeks of age. Developmental arsenic exposure aggravated tumor multiplicity and burden, and expression of PCNA and AFP in hepatic tumors induced by DEN. Nrf2 activation as indicated by over-expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes, including Gss, Gsr, p62, Gclc and Gclm, was found in liver tumors, as well as in the livers in developmentally arsenic-exposed pups at weaning. Notably, Nrf2 deficiency attenuated tumor-augmenting effects and over-expression of Nrf2 downstream genes due to developmental arsenic exposure. Furthermore, the levels of urinary DEN metabolite (acetaldehyde) and hepatic DNA damage markers (O6-ethyl-2-deoxyguanosine adducts and γ-histone H2AX) after DEN treatment were elevated by Nrf2 agonist, 2-Cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-imidazolide. Collectively, our data suggest that augmentation of DEN-induced hepatic tumorigenesis by developmental arsenic exposure is dependent on Nrf2 activation, which may be related to the role of Nrf2 in DEN metabolic activation. Our findings reveal, at least in part, the mechanism underlying increased susceptibility to developing cancer due to developmental arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Wu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hengchao Wu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bei Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingqi Fu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Nrf2-Mediated Ferroptosis Inhibition Exerts a Protective Effect on Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4505513. [PMID: 35480867 PMCID: PMC9036161 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4505513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although massive hepatocyte cell death and oxidative stress constitute major events of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), the relationship of ferroptosis with ACLF has yet to be explored. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator of ferroptosis. However, if Nrf2 modulates ACLF through ferroptosis remains unknown. Here, the liver tissues of ACLF patients were collected and murine models of ACLF using carbon tetrachloride, D-galactosamine, and lipopolysaccharide as well as an H2O2-induced hepatocyte injury model were established. Upon ACLF, livers exhibited key features of ferroptosis, including lipid peroxidation (increase in malondialdehyde whereas a decrease in glutathione and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), and increased mRNA expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2). Ferroptosis inducer RSL-3 treatment aggravated liver damage, while ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 administration alleviated ACLF severity, manifesting with improved liver histopathological lesions and reduced serum ALT and AST. Compared with normal liver tissue, Nrf2 was upregulated in ACLF patients and murine models. Pharmacological activation of Nrf2 (Bardoxolone Methyl) attenuated liver damage, prevented lipid peroxidation, upregulated PTGS2 mRNA expression, and improved ferroptosis-specific mitochondrial morphology in vivo. In contrast, Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 exacerbated lipid peroxidation and liver injury. Collectively, Nrf2 plays a protective role in ACLF progression through repressing ferroptosis, which provides promising therapeutic cues for ACLF.
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Ge Y, Luo J, Li D, Li C, Huang J, Yu H, Lin X, Li Y, Man M, Zhang J, Zhang J, Hu L. Deficiency of vitamin D receptor in keratinocytes augments dermal fibrosis and inflammation in a mouse model of HOCl-induced scleroderma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 591:1-6. [PMID: 34986435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Scleroderma, characterized by extensive fibrosis and vascular alterations, involves excessive fibroblast activation, uncontrolled inflammation, and abnormal collagen deposition. Previous studies showed that administrations of either 1,25(OH)2D3 or vitamin D analog effectively decreased or reversed skin fibrosis by regulating the extracellular matrix homeostasis. The actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 are mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription regulator crucial for skin homeostasis. Although evidence suggests that keratinocyte-fibroblast interaction influences the development of scleroderma, the role of keratinocytes in scleroderma remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the ablation of VDR in keratinocytes greatly exacerbated dermal fibrosis in HOCl-induced scleroderma in mice. The deficiency of VDR in the epidermis marked increased dermal thickness, inflammatory cell infiltration, and severe collagen deposition in comparison to the control group in HOCl-treated skin. Moreover, significant elevations in expression levels of mRNA for collagen overproduction (Col1A1, Col1A2, Col3A1, α-SMA, MMP9, TGF-β1) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, CXCL2) were observed in VDR conditional KO versus control mice following HOCl treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that VDR in keratinocytes plays a pivotal role in scleroderma progression, and the interplay between keratinocytes and fibroblasts deserves more attention regarding the exploration of the pathogenesis and treatment for scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Ge
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Dan Li
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Junkai Huang
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Haoyue Yu
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yingxi Li
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Maoqiang Man
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No. 354, Bei Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300120, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Lizhi Hu
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Yin Y, Peng H, Shao J, Zhang J, Li Y, Pi J, Guo J. NRF2 deficiency sensitizes human keratinocytes to zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced autophagy and cytotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103721. [PMID: 34339875 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most commonly used metal oxide particles in many industrial fields. Many studies have shown that ZnO NPs induce harmful effects to human skin, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our results showed that ZnO NPs concentration-dependently induced cytotoxicity, ROS accumulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in HaCaT cells. The expressions of adaptive antioxidant response transcriptional factor NRF2 and autophagy-related proteins P62 and LC3 II/I were increased by ZnO NPs. Knock-down of NRF2 (NRF2-KD) sensitized the cells to ZnO NPs-induced autophagy and cytotoxicity while an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, protected the cells from ZnO NPs-induced cell death. These results demonstrated that NRF2 deficiency sensitizes human keratinocytes to ZnO NPs induced autophagy and cytotoxicity, and proposed a key role of NRF2 in protecting skin cells against ZnO NPs through regulation of antioxidants and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yin
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, No. 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai Area, Beijing, 100071, China; School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, No. 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai Area, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Junbo Shao
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, No. 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai Area, Beijing, 100071, China; Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.23 Back District, Dongcheng Area, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, No. 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai Area, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Jiabin Guo
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, No. 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai Area, Beijing, 100071, China; School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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11
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Süntar I, Çetinkaya S, Panieri E, Saha S, Buttari B, Profumo E, Saso L. Regulatory Role of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Wound Healing Process. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092424. [PMID: 33919399 PMCID: PMC8122529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing involves a series of cellular events in damaged cells and tissues initiated with hemostasis and finally culminating with the formation of a fibrin clot. However, delay in the normal wound healing process during pathological conditions due to reactive oxygen species, inflammation and immune suppression at the wound site represents a medical challenge. So far, many therapeutic strategies have been developed to improve cellular homeostasis and chronic wounds in order to accelerate wound repair. In this context, the role of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) during the wound healing process has been a stimulating research topic for therapeutic perspectives. Nrf2 is the main regulator of intracellular redox homeostasis. It increases cytoprotective gene expression and the antioxidant capacity of mammalian cells. It has been reported that some bioactive compounds attenuate cellular stress and thus accelerate cell proliferation, neovascularization and repair of damaged tissues by promoting Nrf2 activation. This review highlights the importance of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in wound healing strategies and the role of bioactive compounds that support wound repair through the modulation of this crucial transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Süntar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, Ankara 06330, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-31-2202-3176
| | - Sümeyra Çetinkaya
- Biotechnology Research Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Yenimahalle, Ankara 06330, Turkey;
| | - Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, La Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.S.); (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, La Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (L.S.)
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Ko HJ, Kim J, Ahn M, Kim JH, Lee GS, Shin T. Ergothioneine alleviates senescence of fibroblasts induced by UVB damage of keratinocytes via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and HSP70 in keratinocytes. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112516. [PMID: 33577831 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces skin damage and photoaging through several deleterious effects, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis of epidermal cells, inflammation, and collagen degradation in fibroblasts. Ergothioneine (EGT) is a naturally occurring amino acid with potential biological properties. We evaluated whether EGT protects against UVB-induced photoaging using a keratinocyte/fibroblast co-culture system. Keratinocytes were pretreated with EGT, irradiated with UVB, and co-cultured with fibroblasts. In keratinocytes, ROS production and apoptosis were assessed. We also analyzed the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, HSP70, proapoptotic proteins, and paracrine cytokines by Western blotting and real-time PCR. Collagen degradation-related genes and senescence were also assessed in fibroblasts. EGT pretreatment of keratinocytes significantly inhibited downregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and HSP70, and protected keratinocytes by suppressing production of ROS and cleavage of proapoptotic proteins, including caspase-8 and PARP. Furthermore, EGT significantly reduced the paracrine cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In co-cultures of fibroblasts with EGT-treated keratinocytes, the expression levels of collagen degradation-related genes and fibroblast senescence were significantly decreased; however, synthesis of procollagen type I was significantly increased. Our results confirm that EGT suppresses the modification of collagen homeostasis in fibroblasts by preventing downregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and HSP70 in keratinocytes following UVB irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Ko
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Skin science research team, Creation & Innovation research institute, It's hanbul Co., LTD., Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06101, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju, 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Kim
- Skin science research team, Creation & Innovation research institute, It's hanbul Co., LTD., Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06101, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Soo Lee
- Skin science research team, Creation & Innovation research institute, It's hanbul Co., LTD., Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06101, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Son JW, Shin JJ, Kim MG, Kim J, Son SW. Keratinocyte-specific knockout mice models via Cre–loxP recombination system. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-020-00115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Zheng T, Jia R, Cao L, Du J, Gu Z, He Q, Xu P, Yin G. Effects of chronic glyphosate exposure on antioxdative status, metabolism and immune response in tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 239:108878. [PMID: 32861895 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (Gly) is an active ingredient of herbicide, its underlying toxicity on fish is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate chronic toxicity of Gly on tilapia via determining antioxidative status, metabolism, inflammation and immune response. The fish were exposed to different concentrations of Gly (0, 0.2, 0.8, 4 and 16 mg/L) for 80 days. The blood, liver, gills and spleen were collected to assay biochemical parameters and genes expression after 80 days of exposure. The results showed that treatments with higher Gly (4 and/16 mg/L) significantly increased the levels of TC, TG, AST, ALT, LDL-C and MDA, and apparently decreased the levels of SOD, GSH, CAT, HDL-C, HK, G3PDH, FBPase and G6PD in serum, liver and/or gills. The gene expression data showed that the treatments with Gly adversely affected Nrf2 pathway in liver, gills and spleen, as shown by significant changes of nrf2, keap1, ho-1, nqo1 and gsta mRNA levels. Meanwhile, inflammatory response was activated via enhancing the mRNA levels of nf-κb2, rel, rela tnf-α, and il-1β, and immunotoxicity was caused through downregulating the genes expression of c-lzm, hep, igm, hsp70 and c3 in liver, gills and/or spleen of tilapia after Gly exposure. Moreover, the mRNA levels of cyp1a and cyp3a were upregulated in 16 or 0.2 mg/kg Gly group in liver. Overall results suggested chronic Gly exposure reduced antioxidative ability, disturbed liver metabolism, promoted inflammation and suppressed immunity. Interestingly, the Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways played key roles in Gly chronic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zhengyan Gu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Qin He
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Guojun Yin
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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Understanding Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis: Novel and Emerging Treatment Approaches. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2020; 22:77. [DOI: 10.1007/s11926-020-00953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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