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Aziz M, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Khan AW. Interplay between epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factors in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2024; 395:117615. [PMID: 38917706 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary heart disease and stroke, comprise the number one cause of mortality worldwide. A major contributor to CVD is atherosclerosis, which is a low-grade inflammatory disease of vasculature that involves a pathological build-up of plaque within the arterial walls. Studies have shown that regulation of gene expression via transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms play a fundamental role in transcriptomic changes linked to the development of atherosclerosis. Chromatin remodeling is a reversible phenomenon and studies have supported the clinical application of chromatin-modifying agents for the prevention and treatment of CVD. In addition, pre-clinical studies have identified multiple transcription factors as potential therapeutic targets in combating atherosclerotic CVD. Although interaction between transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms facilitate gene regulation, a limited number of studies appreciate this crosstalk in the context of CVD. Here, we reviewed this gene regulatory mechanism underappreciated in atherosclerosis, which will highlight the mechanisms underlying novel therapeutics targeting epigenetic modifiers and transcription factors in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Aziz
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Am Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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2
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Watson N, Kuppuswamy S, Ledford WL, Sukumari-Ramesh S. The role of HDAC3 in inflammation: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1419685. [PMID: 39050859 PMCID: PMC11266039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1419685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are critical regulators of inflammatory gene expression, and the efficacy of pan-HDAC inhibitors has been implicated in various disease conditions. However, it remains largely unclear how HDACs precisely regulate inflammation. To this end, evaluating the isoform-specific function of HDACs is critical, and the isoform-specific targeting could also circumvent the off-target effects of pan-HDAC inhibitors. This review provides an overview of the roles of HDAC3, a class I HDAC isoform, in modulating inflammatory responses and discusses the molecular mechanisms by which HDAC3 regulates inflammation associated with brain pathology, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, lung pathology, allergic conditions, and kidney disorders. The articles also identify knowledge gaps in the field for future studies. Despite some conflicting reports, the selective inhibition of HDAC3 has been demonstrated to play a beneficial role in various inflammatory pathologies. Exploring the potential of HDAC3 inhibition to improve disease prognosis is a promising avenue requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sangeetha Sukumari-Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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3
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Singh B, Cui K, Eisa-Beygi S, Zhu B, Cowan DB, Shi J, Wang DZ, Liu Z, Bischoff J, Chen H. Elucidating the crosstalk between endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and endothelial autophagy in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 155:107368. [PMID: 38548093 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic systemic inflammatory condition, is implicated in most cardiovascular ischemic events. The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis involves various cell types and associated processes, including endothelial cell activation, monocyte recruitment, smooth muscle cell migration, involvement of macrophages and foam cells, and instability of the extracellular matrix. The process of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) has recently emerged as a pivotal process in mediating vascular inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. This transition occurs gradually, with a significant portion of endothelial cells adopting an intermediate state, characterized by a partial loss of endothelial-specific gene expression and the acquisition of "mesenchymal" traits. Consequently, this shift disrupts endothelial cell junctions, increases vascular permeability, and exacerbates inflammation, creating a self-perpetuating cycle that drives atherosclerotic progression. While endothelial cell dysfunction initiates the development of atherosclerosis, autophagy, a cellular catabolic process designed to safeguard cells by recycling intracellular molecules, is believed to exert a significant role in plaque development. Identifying the pathological mechanisms and molecular mediators of EndoMT underpinning endothelial autophagy, may be of clinical relevance. Here, we offer new insights into the underlying biology of atherosclerosis and present potential molecular mechanisms of atherosclerotic resistance and highlight potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Singh
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kui Cui
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shahram Eisa-Beygi
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bo Zhu
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Zhou L, Roth M, Papakonstantinou E, Tamm M, Stolz D. Expression of glucocorticoid receptor and HDACs in airway smooth muscle cells is associated with response to steroids in COPD. Respir Res 2024; 25:227. [PMID: 38812021 PMCID: PMC11137987 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid insensitivity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) presents a problem for controlling the chronic inflammation of the airways. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediates the intracellular signaling of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) by interacting with transcription factors and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The aim of this study was to assess if COPD patients' response to ICS in vivo, may be associated with the expression of GR, the complex of GR with transcription factors, and the expression of various HDACs in vitro. METHODS Primary airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) were established from endobronchial biopsies obtained from patients with asthma (n = 10), patients with COPD (n = 10) and subjects that underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy without pathological findings and served as controls (n = 6). ASMC were also established from 18 COPD patients, 10 responders and 8 non-responders to ICS, who participated in the HISTORIC study, an investigator-initiated and driven clinical trial that proved the hypothesis that COPD patients with high ASMC in their endobronchial biopsies respond better to ICS than patients with low ASMC. Expression of GR and its isoforms GRα and GRβ and HDACs was investigated in primary ASMC in the absence or in the presence of dexamethasone (10- 8M) by western blotting. The complex formation of GR with transcription factors was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Expression of GR and its isoform GRα but not GRβ was significantly reduced in ASMC from COPD patients as compared to controls. There were no significant differences in the expression of GR, GRα and GRβ between responders and non-responders to ICS. However, treatment with dexamethasone upregulated the expression of total GR (p = 0.004) and GRα (p = 0.005) after 30 min in responders but not in non-responders. Τhe formation of the complex GR-c-Jun was increased 60 min after treatment with dexamethasone only in responders who exhibited significantly lower expression of HDAC3 (p = 0.005) and HDAC5 (p < 0.0001) as compared to non-responders. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that ASMC from COPD patients who do not respond to treatment with ICS, are characterized by reduced GR-c-Jun complex formation and increased expression of HDAC3 and HDAC5. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN11017699 (Registration date: 15/11/2016).
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/biosynthesis
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Histone Deacetylases/biosynthesis
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Female
- Aged
- Cells, Cultured
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Treatment Outcome
- Administration, Inhalation
- Bronchi/drug effects
- Bronchi/metabolism
- Bronchi/pathology
- Bronchi/enzymology
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roth
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Tamm
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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5
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Hall IF, Kishta F, Xu Y, Baker AH, Kovacic JC. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition: at the axis of cardiovascular health and disease. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:223-236. [PMID: 38385523 PMCID: PMC10939465 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line the luminal surface of blood vessels and play a major role in vascular (patho)-physiology by acting as a barrier, sensing circulating factors and intrinsic/extrinsic signals. ECs have the capacity to undergo endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a complex differentiation process with key roles both during embryonic development and in adulthood. EndMT can contribute to EC activation and dysfunctional alterations associated with maladaptive tissue responses in human disease. During EndMT, ECs progressively undergo changes leading to expression of mesenchymal markers while repressing EC lineage-specific traits. This phenotypic and functional switch is considered to largely exist in a continuum, being characterized by a gradation of transitioning stages. In this report, we discuss process plasticity and potential reversibility and the hypothesis that different EndMT-derived cell populations may play a different role in disease progression or resolution. In addition, we review advancements in the EndMT field, current technical challenges, as well as therapeutic options and opportunities in the context of cardiovascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernando Hall
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Franceska Kishta
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yang Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School and University of New South Wales, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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6
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Zou G, Que L, Liu Y, Lu Q. Interplay of endothelial-mesenchymal transition, inflammation, and autophagy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25166. [PMID: 38327444 PMCID: PMC10847601 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Assessment and validation of endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in the retinal endothelium of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) at the level of retinal and vitreous specimens, and preliminary discussion of its regulatory mechanisms. Methods Transcriptome sequencing profiles of CD31+ cells from 9 retinal fibrovascular mem-branes (FVMs) and 4 postmortem retinas were downloaded from GEO databases to analyze EndoMT-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, 42 PDR patients and 34 idiopathic macular holes (IMH) patients were enrolled as the PDR and control groups, respectively. Vitreous humor (VH) samples were collected, and the expression of EndoMT-related proteins was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results A total of 5845 DEGs were identified, and we subsequently focused on the analysis of 24 EndoMT-related marker genes, including the trigger of EndoMT, endothelial genes, mesenchymal genes, transcription factors, inflammatory factors, and autophagy markers. Six of these genes were selected for protein assay validation in VH, showing increased mesenchymal marker (type I collagen α 2 chain, COL1A2) and decreased endothelial marker (VE-cadherin, CDH5) accompanied by increased TGFβ, IL-1β, LC3B and P62 in PDR patients. In addition, anti-VEGF therapy could enhance EndoMT-related phenotypes. Conclusions EndoMT may underlie the pathogenesis of PDR, and the induction and regulation correlate with autophagy defects and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaocheng Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lijuan Que
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guang-dong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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7
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Patil RS, Maloney ME, Lucas R, Fulton DJR, Patel V, Bagi Z, Kovacs-Kasa A, Kovacs L, Su Y, Verin AD. Zinc-Dependent Histone Deacetylases in Lung Endothelial Pathobiology. Biomolecules 2024; 14:140. [PMID: 38397377 PMCID: PMC10886568 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A monolayer of endothelial cells (ECs) lines the lumen of blood vessels and, as such, provides a semi-selective barrier between the blood and the interstitial space. Compromise of the lung EC barrier due to inflammatory or toxic events may result in pulmonary edema, which is a cardinal feature of acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The EC functions are controlled, at least in part, via epigenetic mechanisms mediated by histone deacetylases (HDACs). Zinc-dependent HDACs represent the largest group of HDACs and are activated by Zn2+. Members of this HDAC group are involved in epigenetic regulation primarily by modifying the structure of chromatin upon removal of acetyl groups from histones. In addition, they can deacetylate many non-histone histone proteins, including those located in extranuclear compartments. Recently, the therapeutic potential of inhibiting zinc-dependent HDACs for EC barrier preservation has gained momentum. However, the role of specific HDAC subtypes in EC barrier regulation remains largely unknown. This review aims to provide an update on the role of zinc-dependent HDACs in endothelial dysfunction and its related diseases. We will broadly focus on biological contributions, signaling pathways and transcriptional roles of HDACs in endothelial pathobiology associated mainly with lung diseases, and we will discuss the potential of their inhibitors for lung injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S. Patil
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - McKenzie E. Maloney
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - David J. R. Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vijay Patel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Anita Kovacs-Kasa
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Laszlo Kovacs
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Alexander D. Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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8
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Zhang L, Xia C, Yang Y, Sun F, Zhang Y, Wang H, Liu R, Yuan M. DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications in atherosclerosis and a novel perspective for epigenetic therapy. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:344. [PMID: 38031118 PMCID: PMC10688481 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, which is a vascular pathology characterized by inflammation and plaque build-up within arterial vessel walls, acts as the important cause of most cardiovascular diseases. Except for a lipid-depository and chronic inflammatory, increasing evidences propose that epigenetic modifications are increasingly associated with atherosclerosis and are of interest from both therapeutic and biomarker perspectives. The chronic progressive nature of atherosclerosis has highlighted atherosclerosis heterogeneity and the fact that specific cell types in the complex milieu of the plaque are, by far, not the only initiators and drivers of atherosclerosis. Instead, the ubiquitous effects of cell type are tightly controlled and directed by the epigenetic signature, which, in turn, is affected by many proatherogenic stimuli, including low-density lipoprotein, proinflammatory, and physical forces of blood circulation. In this review, we summarize the role of DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications in atherosclerosis. The future research directions and potential therapy for the management of atherosclerosis are also discussed. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chenhai Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yongjun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710000, China.
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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9
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Man E, Evran S. Deacetylation of Histones and Non-histone Proteins in Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer Therapeutic Potential of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Curr Genomics 2023; 24:136-145. [PMID: 38178983 PMCID: PMC10761333 DOI: 10.2174/0113892029265046231011100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes play an important role in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases such as allergic asthma, multiple sclerosis, lung diseases, diabetes, cystic fibrosis, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and COVID-19. There are three main classes of epigenetic alterations: post-translational modifications of histone proteins, control by non-coding RNA and DNA methylation. Since histone modifications can directly affect chromatin structure and accessibility, they can regulate gene expression levels. Abnormal expression and activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been reported in immune mediated diseases. Increased acetylated levels of lysine residues have been suggested to be related to the overexpression of inflammatory genes. This review focuses on the effect of HDAC modifications on histone and non-histone proteins in autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the potential therapeutic effect of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) used in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Man
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Türkiye
- EGE SCIENCE PRO Scientific Research Inc., Ege University, IdeEGE Technology Development Zone, 35100, Bornova-Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Serap Evran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Türkiye
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10
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Wang E, Chen S, Wang H, Chen T, Chakrabarti S. Non-coding RNA-mediated endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human diabetic cardiomyopathy, potential regulation by DNA methylation. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:303. [PMID: 37924123 PMCID: PMC10625293 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of diabetes and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction is central to DCM, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a key form of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. EndMT in DCM has been well-studied in model systems and has been found to be epigenetically regulated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). However, EndMT in DCM and its associated epigenetic changes need further characterization in human patients. It is also not known if ncRNAs are affected by changes in DNA methylation in DCM. This study aims to confirm in human hearts, the findings from animal and cell studies, and potentially provide novel insight into interactions between DNA methylation and ncRNAs in EndMT in DCM. METHODS AND RESULTS Heart tissues were collected from autopsy patients, fixed in formalin, and embedded in paraffin. Thin sections from paraffin-embedded tissues were used for histology and immunofluorescence analyses, where we confirmed that diabetic patients showed increased cardiac fibrosis that EndMT had occurred. Tissue curls from the paraffin-embedded tissues were used for RT-qPCR and methylation analyses. RT-qPCR quantitatively showed that EndMT occurs in the hearts of diabetics, and that EndMT in human hearts corresponded to changes in key ncRNAs. Methylation analysis showed that some of the EndMT-related ncRNAs were regulated by DNA promoter methylation, while others may be regulated through different epigenetic mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS We show that EndMT is a relevant pathological process in human hearts during DCM, and that its occurrence coincides with changes in relevant ncRNAs. We further find that interplay between DNA methylation and certain ncRNAs involved in the regulation of EndMT may contribute to the observed changes in ncRNA expression. These findings reinforce the role of EndMT in patients afflicted with DCM and underscore the complexities and importance of the interactions between different facets of epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Dental Science Building Room 4033, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Shali Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Dental Science Building Room 4033, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Honglin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Dental Science Building Room 4033, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Tori Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Dental Science Building Room 4033, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Subrata Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Dental Science Building Room 4033, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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11
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Mao C, Liu X, Guo SW. Reduced endometrial expression of histone deacetylase 3 in women with adenomyosis who complained of heavy menstrual bleeding. Reprod Biomed Online 2023; 47:103288. [PMID: 37690341 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What role, if any, does histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) play in adenomyosis-associated heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB)? DESIGN Seventy-two women with adenomyosis-associated HMB were recruited. Of these, 37 women reported moderate/heavy bleeding (MHB) and the remaining 35 women reported excessive bleeding (EXB). The stiffness of adenomyotic lesions and neighbouring endometrial-myometrial interface (EMI) was measured by transvaginal elastosonography, and full-thickness uterine tissue columns were processed for Masson trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry analyses. The protein expression levels of HDAC3 in endometrial cells cultured on substrates of different stiffnesses, and the protein concentrations of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 subunit with HDAC3 suppression were evaluated. Mouse experiments were performed to assess the effect of adenomyosis on Hdac3 expression, endometrial repair and bleeding, and to evaluate the effect of HDAC3 inhibition on endometrial repair. RESULTS Compared with controls, the endometrial staining of HDAC3 was significantly lower in women with adenomyosis-associated HMB, concomitant with a greater extent of fibrosis. The stiffness of lesions and neighbouring EMI was significantly higher in the EXB group compared with the MHB group, as was the extent of fibrosis in lesions, their neighboring EMI and endometrium. Expression of HDAC3 was reduced significantly when endometrial epithelial cells were cultured in stiff substrates. Suppression of HDAC3 abrogated the activation and signalling of NF-κB. Mice with induced adenomyosis exhibited reduced Hdac3 staining and elevated fibrosis in endometrium, concomitant with disrupted endometrial repair and more bleeding. Hdac3 inhibition resulted in botched inflammation and increased bleeding. CONCLUSIONS Lesional fibrosis results in reduced endometrial HDAC3 expression and subsequent disruption in NF-κB signalling and inflammation, leading to adenomyosis-associated HMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Mao
- Department of General Gynaecology, Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xishi Liu
- Department of General Gynaecology, Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Institute, Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Zhao Z, Zhang L, Ocansey DKW, Wang B, Mao F. The role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome in epigenetic modifications in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166536. [PMID: 37261347 PMCID: PMC10227589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification is a complex process of reversible and heritable alterations in gene function, and the combination of epigenetic and metabolic alterations is recognized as an important causative factor in diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), osteoarthritis (OA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and even tumors. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and MSC-derived exosome (MSC-EXO) are widely studied in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, where they appear to be promising therapeutic agents, partly through the potent regulation of epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and expression of regulatory non-coding RNAs, which affects the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the current research on the role of MSC-EXO in inflammatory diseases through their modulation of epigenetic modifications and discuss its potential application in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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13
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Abstract
The endothelium is one of the largest organ systems in the body, and data continue to emerge regarding the importance of endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction in vascular aging and a range of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Over the last two decades and as a process intimately related to EC dysfunction, an increasing number of studies have also implicated endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) as a potentially disease-causal pathobiologic process that is involved in a multitude of differing CVDs. However, EndMT is also involved in physiologic processes (e.g., cardiac development), and transient EndMT may contribute to vascular regeneration in certain contexts. Given that EndMT involves a major alteration in the EC-specific molecular program, and that it potentially contributes to CVD pathobiology, the clinical translation opportunities are significant, but further molecular and translational research is needed to see these opportunities realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; .,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Jun Q, Youhong L, Yuan Z, Xi Y, Wang B, Xinyi S, Fu Y, Kedan C, Lian J, Jianqing Z. Histone modification of endothelial-mesenchymal transition in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1022988. [PMID: 36568553 PMCID: PMC9768231 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1022988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a differentiation process in which endothelial cells lose their own characteristics and acquire mesenchymal-like characteristics, which contributes to the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques. Until now, there is still a lack of effective measures to treat atherosclerosis (AS), so there is an urgent need to understand the underlying mechanisms of AS. In addition, although various studies have shown that EndMT is involved in the pathological stages of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial fibrosis, myocardial hypertrophy, and hypertension, the specific molecular mechanisms driving EndMT are still in the exploratory stage. In this review, we review the role of histone modifications (methylation, demethylation and acetylation, deacetylation) on EndMT in cardiovascular disease, aiming to target histone-modifying enzymes to guide cardiovascular disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jun
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Youhong
- Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhong Yuan
- Ningbo Medical-Industrial Integration Innovation Research Institute, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sun Xinyi
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yin Fu
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Cen Kedan
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiangfang Lian
- Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Jiangfang Lian,
| | - Zhou Jianqing
- Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Medicine School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,*Correspondence: Zhou Jianqing,
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15
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Gole S, Tkachenko S, Masannat T, Baylis RA, Cherepanova OA. Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Atherosclerosis: Friend or Foe? Cells 2022; 11:cells11192946. [PMID: 36230908 PMCID: PMC9563961 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many decades of research, complications of atherosclerosis resulting from the rupture or erosion of unstable plaques remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Advances in cellular lineage tracing techniques have allowed researchers to begin investigating the role of individual cell types in the key processes regulating plaque stability, including maintenance of the fibrous cap, a protective collagen-rich structure that underlies the endothelium. This structure was previously thought to be entirely derived from smooth muscle cells (SMC), which migrated from the vessel wall. However, recent lineage tracing studies have identified endothelial cells (EC) as an essential component of this protective barrier through an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), a process that has previously been implicated in pulmonary, cardiac, and kidney fibrosis. Although the presence of EndoMT in atherosclerotic plaques has been shown by several laboratories using EC-lineage tracing mouse models, whether EndoMT is detrimental (i.e., worsening disease progression) or beneficial (i.e., an athero-protective response that prevents plaque instability) remains uncertain as there are data to support both possibilities, which will be further discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarin Gole
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NB5, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Svyatoslav Tkachenko
- Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert, RD, BRB, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tarek Masannat
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NB5, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Richard A. Baylis
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St Gray 730, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Olga A. Cherepanova
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NB5, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-445-7491
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16
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Li G, Shang C, Li Q, Chen L, Yue Z, Ren L, Yang J, Zhang J, Wang W. Combined Shikonin-Loaded MPEG-PCL Micelles Inhibits Effective Transition of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4497-4508. [PMID: 36186533 PMCID: PMC9519018 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s374895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Shikonin is well known for its anti-inflammatory activity in cardiovascular diseases. However, the application of shikonin is limited by its low water solubility and poor bioavailability. Methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (ε-caprolactone) (MPEG-PCL) is considered a promising delivery system for hydrophobic drugs. Therefore, in this study, we prepared shikonin-loaded MPEG-PCL micelles and investigated their effect on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) induced by inflammatory cytokines. Methods Shikonin was encapsulated in MPEG-PCL micelles using an anti-solvent method and the physiochemical characteristics of the micelles (particle size, zeta potential, morphology, critical micelle concentration (CMC), drug loading and encapsulation efficiency) were investigated. Cellular uptake of micelles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy. In vitro EndMT inhibition was explored in HUVECs by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Results The average particle size of shikonin-loaded MPEG-PCL micelles was 54.57±0.13 nm and 60 nm determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The zeta potential was −6.23±0.02 mV. The CMC of the micelles was 6.31×10−7mol/L. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were 0.88±0.08% and 43.08±3.77%, respectively. The MPEG-PCL micelles significantly improved the cellular uptake of cargo with low water solubility. Real-time PCR analysis showed that co-treatment with TNF-α and IL-1β successfully induced EndMT in HUVECs, whereas this process was significantly inhibited by shikonin and shikonin-loaded MPEG-PCL micelles, with greater inhibition mediated by the shikonin-loaded MPEG-PCL micelles. Conclusion Shikonin-loaded MPEG-PCL micelles significantly improved the EndMT-inhibiting effect of the free shikonin. MPEG-PCL is suitable for use more generally as a lipophilic drug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxu Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zejun Yue
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingxuan Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Weirong Wang, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 29 82655362, Email
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17
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He L, Zhang CL, Chen Q, Wang L, Huang Y. Endothelial shear stress signal transduction and atherogenesis: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108152. [PMID: 35122834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease and its complications are among the top causes of mortality worldwide. In the vascular lumen, atherosclerotic plaques are not randomly distributed. Instead, they are preferentially localized at the curvature and bifurcations along the arterial tree, where shear stress is low or disturbed. Numerous studies demonstrate that endothelial cell phenotypic change (e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, autophagy, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, endothelial permeability, epigenetic regulation, and endothelial metabolic adaptation) induced by oscillatory shear force play a fundamental role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Mechano-sensors, adaptor proteins, kinases, and transcriptional factors work closely at different layers to transduce the shear stress force from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in endothelial cells, thereby controlling the expression of genes that determine cell fate and phenotype. An in-depth understanding of these mechano-sensitive signaling cascades shall provide new translational strategies for therapeutic intervention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. This review updates the recent advances in endothelial mechano-transduction and its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and highlights the perspective of new anti-atherosclerosis therapies through targeting these mechano-regulated signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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18
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Ebert T, Tran N, Schurgers L, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG. Ageing - Oxidative stress, PTMs and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 86:101099. [PMID: 35689974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been proposed as a link between the oxidative stress-inflammation-ageing trinity, thereby affecting several hallmarks of ageing. Phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination cover >90% of all the reported PTMs. Several of the main PTMs are involved in normal "healthy" ageing and in different age-related diseases, for instance neurodegenerative, metabolic, cardiovascular, and bone diseases, as well as cancer and chronic kidney disease. Ultimately, data from human rare progeroid syndromes, but also from long-living animal species, imply that PTMs are critical regulators of the ageing process. Mechanistically, PTMs target epigenetic and non-epigenetic pathways during ageing. In particular, epigenetic histone modification has critical implications for the ageing process and can modulate lifespan. Therefore, PTM-based therapeutics appear to be attractive pharmaceutical candidates to reduce the burden of ageing-related diseases. Several phosphorylation and acetylation inhibitors have already been FDA-approved for the treatment of other diseases and offer a unique potential to investigate both beneficial effects and possible side-effects. As an example, the most well-studied senolytic compounds dasatinib and quercetin, which have already been tested in Phase 1 pilot studies, also act as kinase inhibitors, targeting cellular senescence and increasing lifespan. Future studies need to carefully determine the best PTM-based candidates for the treatment of the "diseasome of ageing".
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ebert
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Leipzig Medical Center, Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ngoc Tran
- University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Leon Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research School Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
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19
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Luan Y, Liu H, Luan Y, Yang Y, Yang J, Ren KD. New Insight in HDACs: Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:863677. [PMID: 35529430 PMCID: PMC9068932 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.863677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) features include progressive hardening and reduced elasticity of arteries. AS is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. An increasing amount of evidence showed that epigenetic modifications on genes serve are a main cause of several diseases, including AS. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) promote the deacetylation at lysine residues, thereby condensing the chromatin structures and further inhibiting the transcription of downstream genes. HDACs widely affect various physiological and pathological processes through transcriptional regulation or deacetylation of other non-histone proteins. In recent years, the role of HDACs in vascular systems has been revealed, and their effects on atherosclerosis have been widely reported. In this review, we discuss the members of HDACs in vascular systems, determine the diverse roles of HDACs in AS, and reveal the effects of HDAC inhibitors on AS progression. We provide new insights into the potential of HDAC inhibitors as drugs for AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Research Center for Clinical System Biology, Translational Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ying Luan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Research Center for Clinical System Biology, Translational Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yang, ; Jing Yang, ; Kai-Di Ren,
| | - Jing Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yang, ; Jing Yang, ; Kai-Di Ren,
| | - Kai-Di Ren
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yang, ; Jing Yang, ; Kai-Di Ren,
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20
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Yang H, Sun Y, Li Q, Jin F, Dai Y. Diverse Epigenetic Regulations of Macrophages in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:868788. [PMID: 35425818 PMCID: PMC9001883 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.868788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging research on epigenetics has resulted in many novel discoveries in atherosclerosis (AS), an inflammaging-associated disease characterized by chronic inflammation primarily driven by macrophages. The bulk of evidence has demonstrated the central role of epigenetic machinery in macrophage polarization to pro- (M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotype. An increasing number of epigenetic alterations and their modifiers involved in reprogramming macrophages by regulating DNA methylation or histone modifications (e.g., methylation, acetylation, and recently lactylation) have been identified. They may act to determine or skew the direction of macrophage polarization in AS lesions, thereby representing a promising target. Here we describe the current understanding of the epigenetic machinery involving macrophage polarization, to shed light on chronic inflammation-driving onset and progression of inflammaging-associated diseases, using AS as a prototypic example, and discuss the challenge for developing effective therapies targeting the epigenetic modifiers against these diseases, particularly highlighting a potential strategy based on epigenetically-governed repolarization from M1-like to M2-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingchao Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengyan Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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Garg V, Chandanala S, David-Luther M, Govind M, Prasad RR, Kumar A, Prasanna SJ. The Yin and Yang of Immunity in Stem Cell Decision Guidance in Tissue Ecologies: An Infection Independent Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:793694. [PMID: 35198558 PMCID: PMC8858808 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.793694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of immune system and inflammation on organ homeostasis and tissue stem cell niches in the absence of pathogen invasion has long remained a conundrum in the field of regenerative medicine. The paradoxical role of immune components in promoting tissue injury as well as resolving tissue damage has complicated therapeutic targeting of inflammation as a means to attain tissue homeostasis in degenerative disease contexts. This confound could be resolved by an integrated intricate assessment of cross-talk between inflammatory components and micro- and macro-environmental factors existing in tissues during health and disease. Prudent fate choice decisions of stem cells and their differentiated progeny are key to maintain tissue integrity and function. Stem cells have to exercise this fate choice in consultation with other tissue components. With this respect tissue immune components, danger/damage sensing molecules driving sterile inflammatory signaling cascades and barrier cells having immune-surveillance functions play pivotal roles in supervising stem cell decisions in their niches. Stem cells learn from their previous damage encounters, either endogenous or exogenous, or adapt to persistent micro-environmental changes to orchestrate their decisions. Thus understanding the communication networks between stem cells and immune system components is essential to comprehend stem cell decisions in endogenous tissue niches. Further the systemic interactions between tissue niches integrated through immune networks serve as patrolling systems to establish communication links and orchestrate micro-immune ecologies to better organismal response to injury and promote regeneration. Understanding these communication links is key to devise immune-centric regenerative therapies. Thus the present review is an integrated attempt to provide a unified purview of how inflammation and immune cells provide guidance to stem cells for tissue sculpting during development, organismal aging and tissue crisis based on the current knowledge in the field.
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22
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Jiang LP, Yu XH, Chen JZ, Hu M, Zhang YK, Lin HL, Tang WY, He PP, Ouyang XP. Histone Deacetylase 3: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis. Aging Dis 2022; 13:773-786. [PMID: 35656103 PMCID: PMC9116907 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of most cardiovascular disease, is characterized by plaque formation in the intima. Secondary lesions include intraplaque hemorrhage, plaque rupture, and local thrombosis. Vascular endothelial function impairment and smooth muscle cell migration lead to vascular dysfunction, which is conducive to the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells and aggravates inflammatory response and lipid accumulation that cause atherosclerosis. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is an epigenetic modifying enzyme closely related to chromatin structure and gene transcriptional regulation. Emerging studies have demonstrated that the Class I member HDAC3 of the HDAC super family has cell-specific functions in atherosclerosis, including 1) maintenance of endothelial integrity and functions, 2) regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, 3) modulation of macrophage phenotype, and 4) influence on foam cell formation. Although several studies have shown that HDAC3 may be a promising therapeutic target, only a few HDAC3-selective inhibitors have been thoroughly researched and reported. Here, we specifically summarize the impact of HDAC3 and its inhibitors on vascular function, inflammation, lipid accumulation, and plaque stability in the development of atherosclerosis with the hopes of opening up new opportunities for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
| | - Jin-Zhi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, China.
| | - Mi Hu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, China.
| | - Yang-Kai Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, China.
| | - Hui-Ling Lin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, China.
| | - Wan-Ying Tang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, China.
| | - Ping-Ping He
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hunan, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ping-Ping He, School of Nursing, University of South China, Hunan, China. and Dr. Xin-Ping Ouyang, Department of Physiology, University of South China, Hunan, China. .
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ping-Ping He, School of Nursing, University of South China, Hunan, China. and Dr. Xin-Ping Ouyang, Department of Physiology, University of South China, Hunan, China. .
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Botts SR, Fish JE, Howe KL. Dysfunctional Vascular Endothelium as a Driver of Atherosclerosis: Emerging Insights Into Pathogenesis and Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:787541. [PMID: 35002720 PMCID: PMC8727904 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the chronic accumulation of cholesterol-rich plaque within arteries, is associated with a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, aortic aneurysm, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality in high-income countries and recent years have witnessed a notable increase in prevalence within low- and middle-income regions of the world. Considering this prominent and evolving global burden, there is a need to identify the cellular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis to discover novel therapeutic targets for preventing or mitigating its clinical sequelae. Despite decades of research, we still do not fully understand the complex cell-cell interactions that drive atherosclerosis, but new investigative approaches are rapidly shedding light on these essential mechanisms. The vascular endothelium resides at the interface of systemic circulation and the underlying vessel wall and plays an essential role in governing pathophysiological processes during atherogenesis. In this review, we present emerging evidence that implicates the activated endothelium as a driver of atherosclerosis by directing site-specificity of plaque formation and by promoting plaque development through intracellular processes, which regulate endothelial cell proliferation and turnover, metabolism, permeability, and plasticity. Moreover, we highlight novel mechanisms of intercellular communication by which endothelial cells modulate the activity of key vascular cell populations involved in atherogenesis, and discuss how endothelial cells contribute to resolution biology - a process that is dysregulated in advanced plaques. Finally, we describe important future directions for preclinical atherosclerosis research, including epigenetic and targeted therapies, to limit the progression of atherosclerosis in at-risk or affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Botts
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason E. Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn L. Howe
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Huang Q, Gan Y, Yu Z, Wu H, Zhong Z. Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition: An Insight in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:734550. [PMID: 34604359 PMCID: PMC8484517 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.734550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a fundamental disease of the cardiovascular system that leads to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The endothelium is the first protective barrier in atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells have the potential to be transformed into mesenchymal cells, in a process termed endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT). On the one hand, EndMT is known to contribute to atherosclerosis by inducing a number of phenotypes ranging from endothelial cell dysfunction to plaque formation. On the other hand, risk factors for atherosclerosis can lead to EndMT. A substantial body of evidence has suggested that EndMT induces the development of atherosclerosis; therefore, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying EndMT in atherosclerosis might provide insights to reverse this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Huang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics and Antibody Therapeutics, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Yuhong Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics and Antibody Therapeutics, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Zhikang Yu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics and Antibody Therapeutics, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Heming Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics and Antibody Therapeutics, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhong
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Clinical Molecular Diagnostics and Antibody Therapeutics, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
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