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Gleason N, Kowluru A. Hyperglycemic Stress Induces Expression, Degradation, and Nuclear Association of Rho GDP Dissociation Inhibitor 2 (RhoGDIβ) in Pancreatic β-Cells. Cells 2024; 13:272. [PMID: 38334664 PMCID: PMC10854874 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Small G proteins (e.g., Rac1) play critical regulatory roles in islet β-cell function in health (physiological insulin secretion) and in metabolic stress (cell dysfunction and demise). Multiple regulatory factors for these G proteins, such as GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), have been implicated in the functional regulation of these G proteins. The current set of investigations is aimed at understanding impact of chronic hyperglycemic stress on the expression and subcellular distribution of three known isoforms of RhoGDIs (RhoGDIα, RhoGDIβ, and RhoGDIγ) in insulin-secreting β-cells. The data accrued in these studies revealed that the expression of RhoGDIβ, but not RhoGDIα or RhoGDIγ, is increased in INS-1 832/13 cells, rat islets, and human islets. Hyperglycemic stress also promoted the cleavage of RhoGDIβ, leading to its translocation to the nuclear compartment. We also report that RhoGDIα, but not RhoGDIγ, is associated with the nuclear compartment. However, unlike RhoGDIβ, hyperglycemic conditions exerted no effects on RhoGDIα's association with nuclear fraction. Based on these observations, and our earlier findings of the translocation of Rac1 to the nuclear compartment under the duress of metabolic stress, we conclude that the RhoGDIβ-Rac1 signaling module promotes signals from the cytosolic to the nucleus, culminating in accelerated β-cell dysfunction under metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Gleason
- Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Anjaneyulu Kowluru
- Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Sun J, Zhu Q, Yu X, Liang X, Guan H, Zhao H, Yao W. RhoGDI3 at the trans-Golgi network participates in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, VSMC phenotypic modulation, and neointima formation. Atherosclerosis 2023; 387:117391. [PMID: 38029612 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The pathological roles and mechanisms of Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor 3 (RhoGDI3) in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation and neointima formation are currently unknown. This study aimed to investigate how RhoGDI3 regulates the Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced neointima formation. METHODS For in vitro assays, human aortic VSMCs (HA-VSMCs) were transfected with pcDNA3.1-GDI3 and RhoGDI3 siRNA to overexpress and knockdown RhoGDI3, respectively. HA-VSMCs were also treated with an NLRP3 inhibitor (CY-09) or agonist (NSS). Protein transcription and expression, cell proliferation and migration, Golgi morphology, and protein binding and colocalization were measured. For the in vivo assays, balloon injury (BI) rats were injected with recombinant adenovirus carrying RhoGDI3 shRNA. Carotid arterial morphology, protein expression and colocalization, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome were measured. RESULTS PDGF-BB treatment induced transcription and expression of RhoGDI3 through PDGF receptor αβ (PDGFRαβ) rather than PDGFRαα or PDGFRββ in HA-VSMCs. RhoGDI3 suppression blocked PDGF-BB-induced VSMC phenotypic transformation. In contrast, RhoGDI3 overexpression further promoted PDGF-BB-induced VSMC dedifferentiation. The in vivo results also confirmed that RhoGDI3 expressed in VSMCs participated in neointima formation and muscle fiber and collagen deposition caused by balloon injury. In addition, PDGF-BB increased binding of RhoGDI3 to NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) at the trans-Golgi membrane, which depended on the normal Golgi network. However, recruitment of NLRP3 and ASC to the trans-Golgi network after PDGF-BB treatment was independent of RhoGDI3. Moreover, RhoGDI3 knockdown significantly inhibited ASC expression and NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation and reduced NLRP3 protein stability in PDGF-BB-treated HA-VSMCs. Inhibiting NLRP3 effectively prevented PDGF-BB-induced VSMC phenotypic modulation, and an NLRP3 agonist reversed the decline in VSMC phenotypic transformation caused by RhoGDI3 knockdown. Furthermore, RhoGDI3 suppression reduced the protein levels and assembly of NLRP3 and ASC, and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in VSMCs in a rat balloon injury model. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study reveal a novel mechanism through which RhoGDI3 regulates VSMC phenotypic modulation and neointima formation by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Qingyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiuying Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Haijing Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Heyan Zhao
- Medical School, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Wenjuan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 QiXiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Ahmadi Y, Fard JK, Ghafoor D, Eid AH, Sahebkar A. Paradoxical effects of statins on endothelial and cancer cells: the impact of concentrations. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:43. [PMID: 36899388 PMCID: PMC9999585 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to their lipid-lowering functions, statins elicit additional pleiotropic effects on apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, senescence, and oxidative stress. Many of these effects have been reported in cancerous and noncancerous cells like endothelial cells (ECs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and human umbilical vein cells (HUVCs). Not surprisingly, statins' effects appear to vary largely depending on the cell context, especially as pertains to modulation of cell cycle, senescence, and apoptotic processes. Perhaps the most critical reason for this discordance is the bias in selecting the applied doses in various cells. While lower (nanomolar) concentrations of statins impose anti-senescence, and antiapoptotic effects, higher concentrations (micromolar) appear to precipitate opposite effects. Indeed, most studies performed in cancer cells utilized high concentrations, where statin-induced cytotoxic and cytostatic effects were noted. Some studies report that even at low concentrations, statins induce senescence or cytostatic impacts but not cytotoxic effects. However, the literature appears to be relatively consistent that in cancer cells, statins, in both low or higher concentrations, induce apoptosis or cell cycle arrest, anti-proliferative effects, and cause senescence. However, statins' effects on ECs depend on the concentrations; at micromolar concentrations statins cause cell senescence and apoptosis, while at nonomolar concentrations statins act reversely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Ahmadi
- College of Science, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, 46001, Sulaymania, Iraq.
| | - Javad Khalili Fard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dlzar Ghafoor
- College of Science, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, 46001, Sulaymania, Iraq
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Zhu H, Wen Z, Zhang A, Liu D, Wang H, Cheng Y, Yang X, Xiao Y, Li J, Sun D, Wu B, Gao J. RhoGDIα regulates spermatogenesis through Rac1/cofilin/F-actin signaling. Commun Biol 2023; 6:214. [PMID: 36823181 PMCID: PMC9950379 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is an extremely complex process, and any obstruction can cause male infertility. RhoGDIα has been identified as a risk of male sterility. In this study, we generate RhoGDIα knockout mice, and find that the males have severely low fertility. The testes from RhoGDIα-/- mice are smaller than that in WT mice. The numbers of spermatogonia and spermatocytes are decreased in RhoGDIα-/- testis. Spermatogenesis is compromised, and spermatocyte meiosis is arrested at zygotene stage in RhoGDIα-/- mice. Acrosome dysplasia is also observed in sperms of the mutant mice. At the molecular level, RhoGDIα deficiency activate the LIMK/cofilin signaling pathway, inhibiting F-actin depolymerization, impairing testis and inducing low fertility in mouse. In addition, the treatment of RhoGDIα-/- mice with Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 alleviate testis injury and improve sperm quality by inhibiting the LIMK/cofilin/F-actin pathway during spermatogenesis. Together, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized RhoGDIα/Rac1/F-actin-dependent mechanism involved in spermatogenesis and male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhu
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zongzhuang Wen
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Aizhen Zhang
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Dongyue Liu
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hongxiang Wang
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yin Cheng
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xing Yang
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jianyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Daqing Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China.
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Jiangang Gao
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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The Dual Function of RhoGDI2 in Immunity and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044015. [PMID: 36835422 PMCID: PMC9960019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RhoGDI2 is a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) specific for the Rho family of small GTPases. It is highly expressed in hematopoietic cells but is also present in a large array of other cell types. RhoGDI2 has been implicated in multiple human cancers and immunity regulation, where it can display a dual role. Despite its involvement in various biological processes, we still do not have a clear understanding of its mechanistic functions. This review sheds a light on the dual opposite role of RhoGDI2 in cancer, highlights its underappreciated role in immunity and proposes ways to explain its intricate regulatory functions.
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Gamage S, Hali M, Chen F, Kowluru A. CARD9 Mediates Pancreatic Islet Beta-Cell Dysfunction Under the Duress of Hyperglycemic Stress. Cell Physiol Biochem 2022; 56:120-137. [PMID: 35362297 PMCID: PMC9150799 DOI: 10.33594/000000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Published evidence implicates Caspase recruitment domain containing protein 9 (CARD9) in innate immunity. Given its recently suggested roles in obesity and insulin resistance, we investigated its regulatory role(s) in the onset of islet beta cell dysfunction under chronic hyperglycemic (metabolic stress) conditions. METHODS Islets from mouse pancreas were isolated by the collagenase digestion method. Expression of CARD9 was suppressed in INS-1 832/13 cells by siRNA transfection using the DharmaFect1 reagent. The degree of activation of Rac1 was assessed by a pull-down assay kit. Interactions between CARD9, RhoGDIβ and Rac1 under metabolic stress conditions were determined by co-immunoprecipitation assay. The degree of phosphorylation of stress kinases was assessed using antibodies directed against phosphorylated forms of the respective kinases. RESULTS CARD9 expression is significantly increased following exposure to high glucose, not to mannitol (both at 20 mM; 24 hrs.) in INS-1 832/13 cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of CARD9 significantly attenuated high glucose-induced activation of Rac1 and phosphorylation of p38MAPK and p65 subunit of NF-κB (RelA), without significantly impacting high glucose-induced effects on JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 activities. CARD9 depletion also suppressed high glucose-induced CHOP expression (a marker for endoplasmic reticulum stress) in these cells. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed increased association between CARD9-RhoGDIβ and decreased association between RhoGDIβ-Rac1 in cells cultured under high glucose conditions. CONCLUSION Based on these data, we conclude that CARD9 regulates activation of Rac1-p38MAPK-NFκB signaling pathway leading to functional abnormalities in beta cells under metabolic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhadinie Gamage
- Biomedical Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mirabela Hali
- Biomedical Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, and Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anjaneyulu Kowluru
- Biomedical Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA,
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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