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Al Zein M, Akomolafe AF, Mahmood FR, Khrayzat A, Sahebkar A, Pintus G, Kobeissy F, Eid AH. Leptin is a potential biomarker of childhood obesity and an indicator of the effectiveness of weight-loss interventions. Obes Rev 2024:e13807. [PMID: 39044542 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity represents a significant public health concern, imposing a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Furthermore, weight-loss programs often exhibit reduced effectiveness in adults who have a history of childhood obesity. Therefore, early intervention against childhood obesity is imperative. Presently, the primary method for diagnosing childhood obesity relies on body mass index (BMI), yet this approach has inherent limitations. Leptin, a satiety hormone produced by adipocytes, holds promise as a superior tool for predicting both childhood and subsequent adulthood obesity. In this review, we elucidate the tools employed for assessing obesity in children, delve into the biological functions of leptin, and examine the factors governing its expression. Additionally, we discuss maternal and infantile leptin levels as predictors of childhood obesity. By exploring the relationship between leptin levels and weight loss, we present leptin as a potential indicator of the effectiveness of obesity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Zein
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Fathima R Mahmood
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Khrayzat
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Berezin AE, Berezina TA, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M, Berezin AA. Methods to predict heart failure in diabetes patients. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2024; 19:241-256. [PMID: 38622891 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2024.2342812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease and powerful predictor for new-onset heart failure (HF). AREAS COVERED We focus on the relevant literature covering evidence of risk stratification based on imaging predictors and circulating biomarkers to optimize approaches to preventing HF in DM patients. EXPERT OPINION Multiple diagnostic algorithms based on echocardiographic parameters of cardiac remodeling including global longitudinal strain/strain rate are likely to be promising approach to justify individuals at higher risk of incident HF. Signature of cardiometabolic status may justify HF risk among T2DM individuals with low levels of natriuretic peptides, which preserve their significance in HF with clinical presentation. However, diagnostic and predictive values of conventional guideline-directed biomarker HF strategy may be non-optimal in patients with obesity and T2DM. Alternative biomarkers affecting cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, myopathy, and adipose tissue dysfunction are plausible tools for improving accuracy natriuretic peptides among T2DM patients at higher HF risk. In summary, risk identification and management of the patients with T2DM with established HF require conventional biomarkers monitoring, while the role of alternative biomarker approach among patients with multiple CV and metabolic risk factors appears to be plausible tool for improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Berezin
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tetiana A Berezina
- VitaCenter, Department of Internal Medicine & Nephrology, Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Uta C Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Du X, Wang Y, Amevor FK, Ning Z, Deng X, Wu Y, Wei S, Cao X, Xu D, Tian Y, Ye L, Shu G, Zhao X. Effect of High Energy Low Protein Diet on Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in the Liver and Abdominal Adipose Tissue of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1199. [PMID: 38672347 PMCID: PMC11047412 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a high-energy low-protein (HELP) diet on lipid metabolism and inflammation in the liver and abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) of laying hens. A total of 200 Roman laying hens (120 days old) were randomly divided into two experimental groups: negative control group (NC group) and HELP group, with 100 hens per group. The chickens in the NC group were fed with a basic diet, whereas those in the HELP group were given a HELP diet. Blood, liver, and AAT samples were collected from 20 chickens per group at each experimental time point (30, 60, and 90 d). The morphological and histological changes in the liver and AAT were observed, and the level of serum biochemical indicators and the relative expression abundance of key related genes were determined. The results showed that on day 90, the chickens in the HELP group developed hepatic steatosis and inflammation. However, the diameter of the adipocytes of AAT in the HELP group was significantly larger than that of the NC group. Furthermore, the results showed that the extension of the feeding time significantly increased the lipid contents, lipid deposition, inflammatory parameters, and peroxide levels in the HELP group compared with the NC group, whereas the antioxidant parameters decreased significantly. The mRNA expression levels of genes related to lipid synthesis such as fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) increased significantly in the liver and AAT of the HELP group, whereas genes related to lipid catabolism decreased significantly in the liver. In addition, the expression of genes related to lipid transport and adipokine synthesis decreased significantly in the AAT, whereas in the HELP group, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory parameters such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) increased significantly in the liver and AAT. Conversely, the expression level of the anti-inflammatory parameter interleukin-10 (IL-10) decreased significantly in the liver. The results indicated that the HELP diet induced lipid peroxidation and inflammation in the liver and AAT of the laying hens. Hence, these results suggest that chicken AAT may be involved in the development of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yinuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zifan Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Youhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xueqing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yaofu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Li J, Wu J, Xie Y, Yu X. Bone marrow adipocytes and lung cancer bone metastasis: unraveling the role of adipokines in the tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1360471. [PMID: 38571500 PMCID: PMC10987778 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1360471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is a common site of metastasis for lung cancer. The "seed and soil" hypothesis suggests that the bone marrow microenvironment ("soil") may provide a conducive survival environment for metastasizing tumor cells ("seeds"). The bone marrow microenvironment, comprising a complex array of cells, includes bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs), which constitute about 70% of the adult bone marrow volume and may play a significant role in tumor bone metastasis. BMAs can directly provide energy for tumor cells, promoting their proliferation and migration. Furthermore, BMAs participate in the tumor microenvironment's osteogenesis regulation, osteoclast(OC) regulation, and immune response through the secretion of adipokines, cytokines, and inflammatory factors. However, the precise mechanisms of BMAs in lung cancer bone metastasis remain largely unclear. This review primarily explores the role of BMAs and their secreted adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, Nesfatin-1, Resistin, chemerin, visfatin) in lung cancer bone metastasis, aiming to provide new insights into the mechanisms and clinical treatment of lung cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jialu Wu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanni Xie
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Bettinetti-Luque M, Trujillo-Estrada L, Garcia-Fuentes E, Andreo-Lopez J, Sanchez-Varo R, Garrido-Sánchez L, Gómez-Mediavilla Á, López MG, Garcia-Caballero M, Gutierrez A, Baglietto-Vargas D. Adipose tissue as a therapeutic target for vascular damage in Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:840-878. [PMID: 37706346 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has recently been recognized as an important endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and in the immune response in many metabolic tissues. With this regard, emerging evidence indicates that an important crosstalk exists between the adipose tissue and the brain. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the development of age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, remains poorly defined. New studies suggest that the adipose tissue modulates brain function through a range of endogenous biologically active factors known as adipokines, which can cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the target areas in the brain or to regulate the function of the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we discuss the effects of several adipokines on the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, their contribution to the development of Alzheimer's disease and their therapeutic potential. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bettinetti-Luque
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Andreo-Lopez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ángela Gómez-Mediavilla
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melissa Garcia-Caballero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Idrizaj E, Nistri S, Nardini P, Baccari MC. Adiponectin affects ileal contractility of mouse preparations. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G187-G194. [PMID: 38111974 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00203.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (ADPN) has been reported to induce inhibitory effects on gastric motor activity, which, being a source of peripheral satiety signals, would contribute to the central anorexigenic effects of the hormone in rodents. However, peripheral satiety signals can also originate from the small intestine. Since there are no data on the effects of ADPN in this gut region, the present study aimed to investigate whether ADPN affects murine ileal contractility. Immunofluorescence experiments and Western blot were also performed to reveal the expression of ADPN receptors. Mechanical responses of ileal preparations were recorded in vitro via force-displacement transducers. Preparations showed a tetrodotoxin- and atropine-insensitive spontaneous contractile activity. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) induced tetrodotoxin- and atropine-sensitive contractile responses. ADPN induced a decay of the basal tension and decreased the amplitude of either the spontaneous contractility or the EFS-induced excitatory responses. All ADPN effects were abolished by the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor NG-nitro l-arginine. The expression of the ADPN receptor, AdipoR1, but not AdipoR2, was also revealed in enteric glial cells. The present results offer the first evidence that ADPN acts on ileal preparations. The hormone exerts inhibitory effects, likely involving AdipoR1 on enteric glial cells and NO. From a physiological point of view, it could be hypothesized that the depressant action of ADPN on ileal contractility represents an additional peripheral satiety signal which, as also described for the ileal brake, could contribute to the central anorexigenic effects of the hormone.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides the first evidence that adiponectin (ADPN) is able to act on ileal preparations. Functional results demonstrate that the hormone, other than causing a slight decay of the basal tension, depresses the amplitude of both spontaneous contractility and neurally induced excitatory responses of the mouse ileum through the involvement of nitric oxide. The expression of the ADPN receptor AdipoR1 and its localization on glial cells was revealed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglantina Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Silvia Nistri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nardini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Baccari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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Chiang YT, Wu YY, Lin YC, Huang YY, Lu JC. Cyclodextrin-Mediated Cholesterol Depletion Induces Adiponectin Secretion in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14718. [PMID: 37834165 PMCID: PMC10572842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes store a significant amount of cholesterol and triglycerides. However, whether cholesterol modulates adipocyte function remains largely unknown. We modulated the cholesterol level in adipocytes to examine its effect on the secretion of adiponectin, an important hormone specifically secreted by adipocytes. Treating differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with 4 mM methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), a molecule with a high affinity for cholesterol, rapidly depleted cholesterol in adipocytes. Interestingly, MβCD treatment increased adiponectin in the medium without affecting its intracellular level, suggesting a modulation of secretion. By contrast, cholesterol addition did not affect adiponectin secretion, suggesting that cholesterol-depletion-induced intracellular cholesterol trafficking, but not reduced cholesterol level, accounted for MβCD-induced adiponectin secretion. MβCD-induced adiponectin secretion was reduced after 10 μg/mL U18666A treatment that suppressed cholesterol transport out of late endosomes/lysosomes. Depleting Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) or NPC2 proteins, which mediate endosomal/lysosomal cholesterol export, consistently reduced MβCD-induced adiponectin secretion. Furthermore, treatment with 1 μM bafilomycin A1, which neutralized acidic endosomes/lysosomes, also attenuated MβCD-induced adiponectin secretion. Finally, MβCD treatment redistributed cellular adiponectin to lower-density fractions in sucrose gradient fractionation. Our results show that MβCD-mediated cholesterol depletion elevates the secretion of adiponectin, highlighting the involvement of endosomes and lysosomes in adiponectin secretion in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chiang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yu Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yao Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Juu-Chin Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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Could Naringenin Participate as a Regulator of Obesity and Satiety? Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031450. [PMID: 36771113 PMCID: PMC9921626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide, since it is associated with multiple metabolic disorders and complications such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease and overall metabolic dysfunction. Dysregulation of the hunger-satiety pathway, which includes alterations of central and peripheral signaling, explains some forms of obesity by favoring hyperphagia and weight gain. The present work comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms by which naringenin (NAR), a predominant flavanone in citrus fruits, could modulate the main pathways associated with the development of obesity and some of its comorbidities, such as oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia, as well as the role of NAR in modulating the secretion of enterohormones of the satiety pathway and its possible antiobesogenic effect. The results of multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that NAR has various potentially modulatory biological effects against obesity by countering IR, inflammation, OS, macrophage infiltration, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and adipose deposition. Likewise, NAR is capable of modulating peptides or peripheral hormones directly associated with the hunger-satiety pathway, such as ghrelin, cholecystokinin, insulin, adiponectin and leptin. The evidence supports the use of NAR as a promising alternative to prevent overweight and obesity.
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Garella R, Cassioli E, Chellini F, Tani A, Rossi E, Idrizaj E, Guasti D, Comeglio P, Palmieri F, Parigi M, Vignozzi L, Baccari MC, Ricca V, Sassoli C, Castellini G, Squecco R. Defining the Molecular Mechanisms of the Relaxant Action of Adiponectin on Murine Gastric Fundus Smooth Muscle: Potential Translational Perspectives on Eating Disorder Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021082. [PMID: 36674598 PMCID: PMC9867455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (ADPN), a hormone produced by adipose tissue, facilitates gastric relaxation and can be a satiety signal in the network connecting peripheral organs and the central nervous system for feeding behavior control. Here, we performed preclinical research by morpho-functional analyses on murine gastric fundus smooth muscle to add insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning ADPN action. Moreover, we conducted a clinical study to evaluate the potential use of ADPN as a biomarker for eating disorders (ED) based on the demonstrated gastric alterations and hormone level fluctuations that are often associated with ED. The clinical study recruited patients with ED and healthy controls who underwent blood draws for ADPN dosage and psychopathology evaluation tests. The findings of this basic research support the ADPN relaxant action, as indicated by the smooth muscle cell membrane pro-relaxant effects, with mild modifications of contractile apparatus and slight inhibitory effects on gap junctions. All of these actions engaged the ADPN/nitric oxide/guanylate cyclase pathway. The clinical data failed to unravel a correlation between ADPN levels and the considered ED, thus negating the potential use of ADPN as a valid biomarker for ED management for the moment. Nevertheless, this adipokine can modulate physiological eating behavior, and its effects deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Garella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cassioli
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Flaminia Chellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rossi
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Eglantina Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Guasti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Comeglio
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Palmieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Parigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Linda Vignozzi
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Baccari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Chiara Sassoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Roberta Squecco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2751632
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