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Almalki F. Review and research gap identification in genetics causes of syndromic and nonsyndromic hearing loss in Saudi Arabia. Ann Hum Genet 2024; 88:364-381. [PMID: 38517009 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Congenital hearing loss is one of the most common sensory disabilities worldwide. The genetic causes of hearing loss account for 50% of hearing loss. Genetic causes of hearing loss can be classified as nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) or syndromic hearing loss (SHL). NSHL is defined as a partial or complete hearing loss without additional phenotypes; however, SHL, known as hearing loss, is associated with other phenotypes. Both types follow a simple Mendelian inheritance fashion. Several studies have been conducted to uncover the genetic factors contributing to NSHL and SHL in Saudi patients. However, these studies have encountered certain limitations. This review assesses and discusses the genetic factors underpinning NSHL and SHL globally, with a specific emphasis on the Saudi Arabian context. It also explores the prevalence of the most observed genetic causes of NSHL and SHL in Saudi Arabia. It also sheds light on areas where further research is needed to fully understand the genetic foundations of hearing loss in the Saudi population. This review identifies several gaps in research in NSHL and SHL and provides insights into potential research to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Almalki
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munwarah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Vitzthum H, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Ehmke H. Novel functions of the anion exchanger AE4 (SLC4A9). Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:555-564. [PMID: 38195948 PMCID: PMC11006790 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The kidney plays a crucial role in acid-base homeostasis. In the distal nephron, α-intercalated cells contribute to urinary acid (H+) secretion and β-intercalated cells accomplish urinary base (HCO3-) secretion. β-intercalated cells regulate the acid base status through modulation of the apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4) activity. In this review, we summarize and discuss our current knowledge of the physiological role of the renal transporter AE4 (SLC4A9). The AE4, as cation-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, is exclusively expressed in the basolateral membrane of β-intercalated cells and is essential for the sensing of metabolic acid-base disturbances in mice, but not for renal sodium reabsorption and plasma volume control. Potential intracellular signaling pathways are discussed that might link basolateral acid-base sensing through the AE4 to apical pendrin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Vitzthum
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heimo Ehmke
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Jiang A, Han K, Wei J, Su X, Wang R, Zhang W, Liu X, Qiao J, Liu P, Liu Q, Zhang J, Zhang N, Ge Y, Zhuang Y, Yu H, Wang S, Chen K, Lu W, Xu X, Yang H, Fan G, Dong B. Spatially resolved single-cell atlas of ascidian endostyle provides insight into the origin of vertebrate pharyngeal organs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi9035. [PMID: 38552007 PMCID: PMC10980280 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The pharyngeal endoderm, an innovation of deuterostome ancestors, contributes to pharyngeal development by influencing the patterning and differentiation of pharyngeal structures in vertebrates; however, the evolutionary origin of the pharyngeal organs in vertebrates is largely unknown. The endostyle, a distinct pharyngeal organ exclusively present in basal chordates, represents a good model for understanding pharyngeal organ origins. Using Stereo-seq and single-cell RNA sequencing, we constructed aspatially resolved single-cell atlas for the endostyle of the ascidian Styela clava. We determined the cell composition of the hemolymphoid region, which illuminates a mixed ancestral structure for the blood and lymphoid system. In addition, we discovered a cluster of hair cell-like cells in zone 3, which has transcriptomic similarity with the hair cells of the vertebrate acoustico-lateralis system. These findings reshape our understanding of the pharynx of the basal chordate and provide insights into the evolutionary origin of multiplexed pharyngeal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Jiang
- Fang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kai Han
- BGI Research, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Jiankai Wei
- Fang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | | | - Rui Wang
- BGI Research, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Fang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | | | - Jinghan Qiao
- Fang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Penghui Liu
- Fang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qun Liu
- BGI Research, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Fang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | | | - Yonghang Ge
- Fang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Fang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Fang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Fang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research and Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wange Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Guangyi Fan
- BGI Research, Qingdao 266555, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Genomics BGI Research, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Fang Zongxi Center for Marine EvoDevo, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
- MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Mazzola S, Schreiber A. Genetics evaluation outcomes of patients with pediatric hearing loss: 2008-2022 retrospective study. Am J Otolaryngol 2024; 45:104196. [PMID: 38134852 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.104196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore how genetics evaluation and testing for patients with pediatric onset hearing loss affects their diagnosis and management. METHODS Retrospective chart review was completed for patients with pediatric hearing loss that were evaluated by a genetic counselor from 2008 to 2022 with data entry into a REDCap database. Descriptive statistical analysis was completed. RESULTS Four hundred twenty-nine patients with pediatric onset hearing loss were evaluated by genetics. Majority of patients presented with bilateral (67 %) and sensorineural (83 %) hearing loss. Genetic testing was recommended for 76 % of patients with pediatric hearing loss evaluated by a genetic counselor with 70 % completing some or all recommended tests. Overall genetic testing diagnostic rate was 34 %, with 41 % of diagnoses syndromic. Yearly trends noted an increasing number of patients evaluated, tests ordered, and subsequently an increased number of diagnoses overtime. For diagnostic results, management recommendations were made for 45 % of patients (35/78) and for 92 % of family members (72/78). This compared to total management recommendations for all patients (82/429, 19 %) and family members (110/429, 26 %). CONCLUSION This study identified a genetic testing diagnostic rate for pediatric hearing loss of 34 % over 14 years. This study notes the beneficial outcomes of patients with hearing loss and their families meeting with a genetic counselor and the importance of collaboration with hearing loss management colleagues. It highlights the value a genetic counselor consult can add to a patient's diagnostic journey, in addition to how genetic testing impacts management for patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mazzola
- Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
| | - Allison Schreiber
- Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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Alkhidir S, El-Akouri K, Al-Dewik N, Khodjet-El-Khil H, Okashah S, Islam N, Ben-Omran T, Al-Shafai M. The genetic basis and the diagnostic yield of genetic testing related to nonsyndromic hearing loss in Qatar. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4202. [PMID: 38378725 PMCID: PMC10879212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most predominant sensory defect occurring in pediatrics, of which, 66% cases are attributed to genetic factors. The prevalence of hereditary hearing loss increases in consanguineous populations, and the prevalence of hearing loss in Qatar is 5.2%. We aimed to investigate the genetic basis of nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) in Qatar and to evaluate the diagnostic yield of different genetic tests available. A retrospective chart review was conducted for 59 pediatric patients with NSHL referred to the Department of Adult and Pediatric Medical Genetics at Hamad Medical Corporation in Qatar, and who underwent at least one genetic test. Out of the 59 patients, 39 were solved cases due to 19 variants in 11 genes and two copy number variants that explained the NSHL phenotype. Of them 2 cases were initially uncertain and were reclassified using familial segregation. Around 36.8% of the single variants were in GJB2 gene and c.35delG was the most common recurrent variant seen in solved cases. We detected the c.283C > T variant in FGF3 that was seen in a Qatari patient and found to be associated with NSHL for the first time. The overall diagnostic yield was 30.7%, and the diagnostic yield was significantly associated with genetic testing using GJB2 sequencing and using the hearing loss (HL) gene panel. The diagnostic yield for targeted familial testing was 60% (n = 3 patients) and for gene panel was 50% (n = 5). Thus, we recommend using GJB2 gene sequencing as a first-tier genetic test and HL gene panel as a second-tier genetic test for NSHL. Our work provided new insights into the genetic pool of NSHL among Arabs and highlights its unique diversity, this is believed to help further in the diagnostic and management options for NSHL Arab patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza Alkhidir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Medical Genetics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karen El-Akouri
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Medical Genetics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nader Al-Dewik
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Medical Genetics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Houssein Khodjet-El-Khil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah Okashah
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Medical Genetics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tawfeg Ben-Omran
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Medical Genetics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mashael Al-Shafai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Abstract
Pattern recognition of specific temporal bone radiological phenotypes, in association with abnormalities in other organ systems, is critical in the diagnosis and management of syndromic causes of hearing loss. Several recent publications have demonstrated the presence of specific radiological appearances, allowing precise genetic and/or syndromic diagnosis, in the right clinical context. This review article aims to provide an extensive but practical guide to the radiologist dealing with syndromic causes of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond St. London, London, WC1N3JH, UK
| | - Caroline D Robson
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felice D'Arco
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond St. London, London, WC1N3JH, UK. felice.d'
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Balinisteanu I, Panzaru MC, Caba L, Ungureanu MC, Florea A, Grigore AM, Gorduza EV. Cancer Predisposition Syndromes and Thyroid Cancer: Keys for a Short Two-Way Street. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2143. [PMID: 37626640 PMCID: PMC10452453 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer predisposition syndromes are entities determined especially by germinal pathogenic variants, with most of them autosomal dominantly inherited. The risk of a form of cancer is variable throughout life and affects various organs, including the thyroid. Knowing the heterogeneous clinical picture and the existing genotype-phenotype correlations in some forms of thyroid cancer associated with these syndromes is important for adequate and early management of patients and families. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on genes and proteins involved in cancer predisposition syndromes with thyroid cancer and the phenomena of heterogeneity (locus, allelic, mutational, and clinical).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Balinisteanu
- Endocrinology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.B.); (M.-C.U.)
- Endocrinology Department, “Sf. Spiridon” Hospital, 700106 Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica-Cristina Panzaru
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.F.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Lavinia Caba
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.F.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Maria-Christina Ungureanu
- Endocrinology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.B.); (M.-C.U.)
- Endocrinology Department, “Sf. Spiridon” Hospital, 700106 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Florea
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.F.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Ana Maria Grigore
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.F.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.F.); (E.V.G.)
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Liu Q, Zhang X, Huang H, Chen Y, Wang F, Hao A, Zhan W, Mao Q, Hu Y, Han L, Sun Y, Zhang M, Liu Z, Li GL, Zhang W, Shu Y, Sun L, Chen Z. Asymmetric pendrin homodimer reveals its molecular mechanism as anion exchanger. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3012. [PMID: 37230976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pendrin (SLC26A4) is an anion exchanger expressed in the apical membranes of selected epithelia. Pendrin ablation causes Pendred syndrome, a genetic disorder associated with sensorineural hearing loss, hypothyroid goiter, and reduced blood pressure. However its molecular structure has remained unknown, limiting our understanding of the structural basis of transport. Here, we determine the cryo-electron microscopy structures of mouse pendrin with symmetric and asymmetric homodimer conformations. The asymmetric homodimer consists of one inward-facing protomer and the other outward-facing protomer, representing coincident uptake and secretion- a unique state of pendrin as an electroneutral exchanger. The multiple conformations presented here provide an inverted alternate-access mechanism for anion exchange. The structural and functional data presented here disclose the properties of an anion exchange cleft and help understand the importance of disease-associated variants, which will shed light on the pendrin exchange mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Liu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Huang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fang Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Aihua Hao
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wuqiang Zhan
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiyu Mao
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuxia Hu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Han
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yifang Sun
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Geng-Lin Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yilai Shu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Lei Sun
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Gil Boix JV, Cabañas-Durán M, Bodoque Cubas J, Noval Font M, Serra Soler G. Pendred's syndrome diagnosed in adulthood at the high resolution thyroid clinic. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2023; 70:369-370. [PMID: 36443193 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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10
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Carlos dos Reis D, Dastoor P, Santos AK, Sumigray K, Ameen NA. CFTR high expresser cells in cystic fibrosis and intestinal diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14568. [PMID: 36967909 PMCID: PMC10031467 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR), the Cl-/HCO3 - channel implicated in Cystic Fibrosis, is critical to the pathophysiology of many gastrointestinal diseases. Defects in CFTR lead to intestinal dysfunction, malabsorption, obstruction, infection, inflammation, and cancer that increases morbidity and reduces quality of life. This review will focus on CFTR in the intestine and the implications of the subpopulation of CFTR High Expresser Cells (CHEs) in Cystic Fibrosis (CF), intestinal physiology and pathophysiology of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carlos dos Reis
- Department of Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Parinaz Dastoor
- Department of Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Anderson Kenedy Santos
- Department of Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Kaelyn Sumigray
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Nadia A. Ameen
- Department of Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Pediatrics/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale School of Medicine, CT, 06510, USA.
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Wang Q, Hu J, Bian P, Chen C, Wang Y, Cheng S, Guo Y, Xu B. The effect of SLC26A4 gene mutations on long-term rehabilitative outcomes in cochlear implant patients. Acta Otolaryngol 2023; 143:156-162. [PMID: 36780306 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2023.2174592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SLC26A4 gene mutations related to hearing loss patients can obtain good hearing and speech rehabilitation effects after cochlear implantation (CI). OBJECTIVE To explore the long-term rehabilitative outcomes of CI in patients with different SLC26A4 mutation groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinical data of 71 patients with SLC26A4 gene mutations who received CI in the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from 2012 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. According to the genetic test results, use One-way ANOVA analysis to compare the differences in auditory results, categories of auditory performance (CAP) and speech intelligibility rating (SIR) index questionnaire scores and speech recognition rates among different groups in 4-5 years after CI. RESULT Compared with other genotypes of SLC26A4, the patients with homozygous mutation of c.919-2A > G in SLC26A4 had better hearing aid threshold at 500 Hz and better recognition rates of Yangyang words than other monoallelic mutation groups after CI (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE The most common hot spot mutation of SLC26A4 gene is c.919-2A > G. The patients with homozygous mutation of c.919-2A > G in SLC26A4 gene had partly better hearing and speech rehabilitation than other monoallelic mutation groups after CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Panpan Bian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shihong Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yufen Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baicheng Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Chung SM, Pan YW, Tsai YS, Tsai MC. Congenital hypothyroidism as the initial presentation of pendred syndrome associated with mutated IVS7-2A>G in SLC26A4 gene in a Taiwanese neonate. Pediatr Neonatol 2023; 64:94-95. [PMID: 36154804 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Mei Chung
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Tsai
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Clinical Innovation and Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Silva VAR, Pauna HF, Lavinsky J, Hyppolito MA, Vianna MF, Leal M, Massuda ET, Hamerschmidt R, Bahmad F, Cal RV, Sampaio ALL, Felix F, Chone CT, Castilho AM. Task force Guideline of Brazilian Society of Otology ‒ hearing loss in children - Part I ‒ Evaluation. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 89:159-189. [PMID: 36529647 PMCID: PMC9874360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of the main evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hearing loss in children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years. METHODS Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on childhood hearing loss were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians' guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association's guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. RESULTS The evaluation and diagnosis of hearing loss: universal newborn hearing screening, laboratory testing, congenital infections (especially cytomegalovirus), genetic testing and main syndromes, radiologic imaging studies, vestibular assessment of children with hearing loss, auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and noise-induced hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS Every child with suspected hearing loss has the right to diagnosis and appropriate treatment if necessary. This task force considers 5 essential rights: (1) Otolaryngologist consultation; (2) Speech assessment and therapy; (3) Diagnostic tests; (4) Treatment; (5) Ophthalmologist consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagner Antonio Rodrigues Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Henrique Furlan Pauna
- Hospital Universitário Cajuru, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Joel Lavinsky
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Cirurgia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angelo Hyppolito
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Melissa Ferreira Vianna
- Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Leal
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento de Cirurgia, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tanaka Massuda
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Hamerschmidt
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Hospital de Clínicas, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fayez Bahmad
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Instituto Brasiliense de Otorrinolaringologia (IBO), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Renato Valério Cal
- Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará (CESUPA), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Lopes Sampaio
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Otorrinolaringologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Felippe Felix
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Takahiro Chone
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur Menino Castilho
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Tawalbeh M, Aburizeg D, Abu Alragheb BO, Alaqrabawi WS, Dardas Z, Srour L, Altarayra BH, Zayed AA, El Omari Z, Azab B. SLC26A4 Phenotypic Variability Influences Intra- and Inter-Familial Diagnosis and Management. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122192. [PMID: 36553459 PMCID: PMC9778369 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC26A4 is one of the most common genes causing autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). It has been reported to cause Pendred Syndrome (PDS) and DFNB4 which is deafness with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA). However, mutated SLC26A4 is not conclusive for having either DFNB4 or PDS. Three unrelated Jordanian families consisting of eight affected individuals with congenital bilateral hearing loss (HL) participated in this study. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing were performed to investigate the underlying molecular etiology of HL. Further clinical investigations, including laboratory blood workup for the thyroid gland, CT scan for the temporal bone, and thyroid ultrasound were performed. Three disease-causing variants were identified in SLC26A4 in the three families, two of which were novel. Two families had a novel pathogenic homozygous splice-site accepter variant (c.165-1G>C), while the third family had compound heterozygous pathogenic variants (c.1446G>A; p.Trp482* and c.304G>A; p.Gly102Arg). Our approach helped in redirecting the diagnosis of several affected members of three different families from non-syndromic HL to syndromic HL. Two of the affected individuals had typical PDS, one had DFNB4, while the rest had atypical PDS. Our work emphasized the intra- and inter-familial variability of SLC26A4-related phenotypes. In addition, we highlighted the variable phenotypic impact of SLC26A4 on tailoring a personalized healthcare management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tawalbeh
- Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (B.A.)
| | - Dunia Aburizeg
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Bayan O. Abu Alragheb
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Wala Sami Alaqrabawi
- Hearing and Speech Department, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Audiology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Zain Dardas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luma Srour
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | | | - Ayman A. Zayed
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Zaid El Omari
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman 11855, Jordan
| | - Bilal Azab
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (B.A.)
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15
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Lu YT, Wang L, Hou LL, Zheng PP, Xu Q, Deng DT. SLC26A4 mutation in Pendred syndrome with hypokalemia: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30253. [PMID: 36107570 PMCID: PMC9439793 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, inner ear malformations, goiter, and abnormal organification of iodide. It is caused by mutations in SLC26A4 gene, which encodes pendrin (a transporter of chloride, bicarbonate, and iodide). Pendred syndrome is a common cause of syndromic deafness, but the metabolic abnormalities it causes are often overlooked. Here, we report the case of a patient diagnosed with Pendred syndrome with hypokalemia. PATIENT CONCERNS A 53-year-old deaf-mute woman was hospitalized due to severe limb asthenia. The emergency examination showed that her blood potassium level was 1.8 mmol/L. DIAGNOSES Through the genetic test, we found a mutation of SLC26A4 gene in NM_000441: c.2027T>A, p.L676Q, as well as the SLC26A4 exon 5-6 deletion. These genetic variations pointed to Pendred syndrome (an autosomal recessive disorder that mainly affects the inner ear, thyroid, and kidney) which is a common cause of syndromic deafness. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with potassium supplements and screened for the cause of hypokalemia. OUTCOMES The patient was discharged after her potassium levels rose to the normal range. LESSONS Patients with Pendred syndrome may also have certain metabolic abnormalities; thus, more attention should be paid to them during clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Le-Le Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping-Ping Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Da-Tong Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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SLC26A4 Mutation Promotes Cell Apoptosis by Inducing Pendrin Transfer, Reducing Cl- Transport, and Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6496799. [PMID: 36072472 PMCID: PMC9444440 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6496799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Pendrin is encoded by SLC26A4, which is expressed in the apical membrane of inner ear epithelial cells and drives chloride reabsorption in the apical septum. In the inner ear, pendrin dysfunction and hypofunctional mutations lead to vestibular aqueduct (EVA) enlargement and sensory neural hearing loss. Mutations in SLC26A4 are a common reason of deafness. However, the underlying mechanisms of SLC26A4 mutants in hearing loss remain unknown. Methods. In the present study, pEGFP-N1 carrying wild-type and mutant SLC26A4 (c.85G>A, c.2006A>T, and c.853G>A) were transfected into HEK-293T cells. GFP fluorescence and GFP levels were determined. SLC26A4 mRNA levels were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then, the expression of chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) and CLIC2 was measured by Immunofluorescence assay. Intracellular chloride concentration and apoptotic rate were analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of membrane/cytoplasmic pendrin, apoptosis-associated proteins, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway members were determined by Western blot. Results. Constructed SLC26A4 mutant 1 (c.85G>A), SLC26A4 mutant 2 (c.2006A>T), and SLC26A4 mutant 3 (c.853G>A). The wild-type and 3 mutations were stably expressed in HEK-293T. SLC26A4 mRNA expression was significantly increased after transfection with wild-type SLC26A4 and mutant SLC26A4 compared with the untransfected vector group (
). Compared with the vector group, the expression levels of membrane pendrin, cytoplasmic pendrin, CLIC1, CLIC2, Bcl-2, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR were upregulated. Compared with the vector group, the chloride concentration, cell apoptotic rate, and the expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax were downregulated. Compared with the vector group, the above effects of SLC26A4 were reversed after the SLC26A4 mutant. Conclusion. After SLC26A4 mutation, pendrin was transferred from the membrane, the chloride intracellular channel function was reduced, and the excessive accumulation of chloride in the cytoplasm induced cell apoptosis by inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway phosphorylation.
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17
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He X, Zhao S, Shi L, Lu Y, Yang Y, Zhang X. Compound heterozygous variants of the SLC26A4 gene in a Chinese family with enlarged vestibular aqueducts. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:152. [PMID: 35804348 PMCID: PMC9270741 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the genetic causes of hearing loss in patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA), the SLC26A4-related genotypes and phenotypes were analyzed. SLC26A4 gene is closely associated with EVA and its homozygous mutations or compound heterozygous mutations may cause deafness and strongly affect quality of life. Methods The patients who came to our hospital for hearing test and accompanied by bilateral hearing abnormalities were collected for fifteen deafness-related gene mutations detection. Those who are positive will be verified by Sanger sequencing, combined with family history, hearing test, and computerized tomography (CT) of the temporal bone, aiming to diagnose the enlarged vestibular aqueducts. Whole-exome sequencing were performed when necessary. Results Our patient failed hearing screening on both sides twice, and EVA (> 1.5 mm) was diagnosed by CT. This study has identified a novel missense mutation in the SLC26A4 gene, c.2069T>A, which in compound heterozygosity with c.1174A>T is likely to be the cause of hearing loss. The novel heterozygous c.2069T>A mutation of SLC26A4 gene has been submitted to Clinvar with Variation ID 1,048,780. Conclusion Our findings expand the gene mutation spectrum of SLC26A4 and provide additional knowledge for diagnosis and genetic counseling associated with EVA-induced hearing loss. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01271-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui He
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, China
| | - Shaozhi Zhao
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, China
| | - Yitong Lu
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, China
| | - Yintong Yang
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, China.
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Gil Boix JV, Cabañas-Durán M, Bodoque Cubas J, Noval Font M, Serra Soler G. Síndrome de Pendred diagnosticado en la edad adulta en la consulta de alta resolución de patología tiroidea. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Sasaki T, Onaga R, Koshu R. Case of delayed presentation of Pendred syndrome with a large goitre causing a life-threatening airway obstruction. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e250990. [PMID: 35667695 PMCID: PMC9171189 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-250990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Sasaki
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Onaga
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - Ryota Koshu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken, Japan
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20
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Thaxton C, Goldstein J, DiStefano M, Wallace K, Witmer PD, Haendel MA, Hamosh A, Rehm HL, Berg JS. Lumping versus splitting: How to approach defining a disease to enable accurate genomic curation. CELL GENOMICS 2022; 2:100131. [PMID: 35754516 PMCID: PMC9221396 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The dilemma of how to categorize and classify diseases has been debated for centuries. The field of medical genetics has historically approached nosology based on clinical phenotypes observed in patients and families. Advances in genomic sequencing and understanding of genetic contributions to disease often provoke a need to reassess these classifications. The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) has developed frameworks to classify the strength of evidence underlying monogenic gene-disease relationships, variant pathogenicity, and clinical actionability. It is therefore necessary to define the disease entity being evaluated, which can be challenging for genes associated with multiple conditions and/or a broad phenotypic spectrum. We therefore developed criteria to guide "lumping and splitting" decisions and improve consistency in defining monogenic gene-disease relationships. Here, we outline the precuration process, the lumping and splitting guidelines with examples, and describe the implications for clinical diagnosis, informatics, and care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Thaxton
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
| | - Jennifer Goldstein
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Wallace
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - P. Dane Witmer
- Johns Hopkins Genomics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Melissa A. Haendel
- Center for Health AI, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ada Hamosh
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Heidi L. Rehm
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Berg
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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21
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Wu T, Cui L, Mou Y, Guo W, Liu D, Qiu J, Xu C, Zhou J, Han F, Sun Y. A newly identified mutation (c.2029 C > T) in SLC26A4 gene is associated with enlarged vestibular aqueducts in a Chinese family. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:49. [PMID: 35249537 PMCID: PMC8898487 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA), associated with mutations in the SLC26A4 gene, characterized by non-syndromic hearing loss, is an autosomal recessive disorder. Here, we intended to investigate genetic causes of hearing loss in a Han Chinese man. Method First, whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify the gene mutations responsible for hearing loss in the proband. Sanger sequencing was used to verify the candidate mutations detected in the family. Next, we collected blood samples and clinical data from the three-generation pedigree. Finally, SLC26A4 mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by qPCR and western blotting. Result The proband suffered from bilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss with EVA. The sequence analysis of SLC26A4 revealed that the proband and his sister both harbored a compound heterozygous mutation of c.2168A > G/c.2029C > T, inherited from their father and mother respectively. c.2029C > T mutation has not been recorded in the relevant literature previously. Relative mRNA levels of the SLC26A4 gene in individuals carrying a compound heterozygous mutation were significantly lower compared to a heterozygous mutation. SLC26A4 protein levels of 293t cells which transfected with recombinant plasmids [GV219-SLC26A4-mut (c.2029C > T) and GV219-SLC26A4-mut (c.2168A > G/c.2029C > T)] were significantly lower than normal control recombinant plasmids (GV219-SLC26A4-wt). Conclusion This study found a novel heterozygous mutation c.2029 (exon17) C > T compound with c.2168 (exon19) A > G in the SLC26A4 gene in a patient with EVA. The c.2029 (exon17) C > T mutation is proved to be pathogenic. This finding broadens the spectrum of variants in SLC26A4 gene. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01200-4.
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22
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Cox ZL, Rao VS, Testani JM. Classic and Novel Mechanisms of Diuretic Resistance in Cardiorenal Syndrome. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:954-967. [PMID: 36128483 PMCID: PMC9438407 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0006372021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the incompletely understood multiple etiologies and underlying mechanisms, cardiorenal syndrome is characterized by decreased glomerular filtration and sodium avidity. The underlying level of renal sodium avidity is of primary importance in driving a congested heart failure phenotype and ultimately determining the response to diuretic therapy. Historically, mechanisms of kidney sodium avidity and resultant diuretic resistance were primarily extrapolated to cardiorenal syndrome from non-heart failure populations. Yet, the mechanisms appear to differ between these populations. Recent literature in acute decompensated heart failure has refuted several classically accepted diuretic resistance mechanisms and reshaped how we conceptualize diuretic resistance mechanisms in cardiorenal syndrome. Herein, we propose an anatomically based categorization of diuretic resistance mechanisms to establish the relative importance of specific transporters and translate findings toward therapeutic strategies. Within this categorical structure, we discuss classic and novel mechanisms of diuretic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L. Cox
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Pharmacy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Veena S. Rao
- Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeffrey M. Testani
- Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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23
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Cheeney S, Wright JN, Sie KC, Chapman T. Pearls of Temporal Bone Imaging in Children with Hearing Loss. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2022; 43:3-18. [PMID: 35164907 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is one of the most common indications for temporal bone imaging in children. Hearing loss may be congenital or acquired, and it may be conductive, sensorineural, or mixed audiologically. Temporal bone imaging plays an important role in the assessment and management of this condition. An understanding of the embryology of ear structures better enables the radiologist to interpret abnormalities on imaging of the temporal bone. Here, we provide a general review of ear development and a description of known genetic defects that contribute to congenital ear anomalies associated with hearing loss. We provide appropriate imaging techniques for the temporal bone depending on the clinical presentation and a systematic approach to imaging for children with hearing loss. Diagnostic imaging for developmental anomalies of the ear and cholesteatoma will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Cheeney
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jason N Wright
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kathleen C Sie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Teresa Chapman
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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24
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Byun JC, Lee KY, Hwang SK. Atypical Presentation of Enlarged Vestibular Aqueducts Caused by SLC26A4 Variants. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9020165. [PMID: 35204885 PMCID: PMC8869968 DOI: 10.3390/children9020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Enlarged vestibular aqueduct is the most common inner ear malformation in pediatric patients with sensorineural hearing loss. Here, we report a new presentation of enlarged vestibular aqueduct in a Korean family. The family consists of two parents and five daughters, and the first and second daughters were diagnosed with bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueducts. The third daughter, who showed no signs of hearing deterioration, came to medical attention with incomplete Horner syndrome. Evaluations for localization of Horner syndrome on the patient and Sanger sequencing of SLC26A4 on the family members were performed. Although auditory brainstem response and pure tone audiometry of the third daughter were normal, temporal bone computed tomography demonstrated bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueducts. Sanger sequencing of SLC26A4 revealed compound heterozygous variants c.2168A>G and c.919-2A>G in the first, second, and third daughters. Diagnosis of enlarged vestibular aqueduct is often delayed because the degree of hearing loss can vary, and a considerable phenotypic variability can be shown even in family members with the same SLC26A4 variations. Fluctuations of CSF pressure into the cochlear duct and recurrent microruptures of the endolymphatic membrane could result in damage of sympathetic nerve supplying to the inner ear, which could explain the mechanism of Horner syndrome associated with enlarged vestibular aqueduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chul Byun
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Kyu-Yup Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Su-Kyeong Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-200-5704; Fax: +82-53-425-6683
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Predicting pathogenicity for novel hearing loss mutations based on genetic and protein structure approaches. Sci Rep 2022; 12:301. [PMID: 34997062 PMCID: PMC8741999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is a heterogeneous disorder. Identification of causative mutations is demanding due to genetic heterogeneity. In this study, we investigated the genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss in patients with severe/profound deafness. After the exclusion of GJB2-GJB6 mutations, we performed whole exome sequencing in 32 unrelated Argentinean families. Mutations were detected in 16 known deafness genes in 20 patients: ACTG1, ADGRV1 (GPR98), CDH23, COL4A3, COL4A5, DFNA5 (GSDDE), EYA4, LARS2, LOXHD1, MITF, MYO6, MYO7A, TECTA, TMPRSS3, USH2A and WSF1. Notably, 11 variants affecting 9 different non-GJB2 genes resulted novel: c.12829C > T, p.(Arg4277*) in ADGRV1; c.337del, p.(Asp109*) and c.3352del, p.(Gly1118Alafs*7) in CDH23; c.3500G > A, p.(Gly1167Glu) in COL4A3; c.1183C > T, p.(Pro395Ser) and c.1759C > T, p.(Pro587Ser) in COL4A5; c.580 + 2 T > C in EYA4; c.1481dup, p.(Leu495Profs*31) in LARS2; c.1939 T > C, p.(Phe647Leu), in MYO6; c.733C > T, p.(Gln245*) in MYO7A and c.242C > G, p.(Ser81*) in TMPRSS3 genes. To predict the effect of these variants, novel protein modeling and protein stability analysis were employed. These results highlight the value of whole exome sequencing to identify candidate variants, as well as bioinformatic strategies to infer their pathogenicity.
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Zhu K, Jin Y. Case report: A case of SLC26A4 mutations causing pendred syndrome and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1077878. [PMID: 36699303 PMCID: PMC9869259 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1077878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The SLC26A4 gene encodes the transmembrane protein pendrin, which is involved in the ion transport of chloride (Cl-), iodide (I-) or bicarbonate (HCO3-). Mutations in the SLC26A4 gene alter the structure and (or) function of pendrin, which are closely related to Pendred syndrome. What's more, researchers have demonstrated in vitro that mutations of SLC26A4 cause acidification of airway surface fluid (ASL), reduce airway defense, and increase the thickness of ASL. In the context of infection, it may lead to chronic inflammation, destruction of airway wall architecture and bronchiectasis. However, there is no case report of bronchiectasis caused by SLC26A4 gene mutations. Here, we describe the first case of Pendred syndrome and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in a child possibly caused by SLC26A4 mutations. We remind clinicians to pay attention to the possibility of bronchiectasis in patients with SLC26A4 gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhu
- Department of Respiratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingkang Jin
- Department of Respiratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Patterson TE, Gonzalez VB, Carron JD. Cochlear implantation in patients with Pendred syndrome. Am J Otolaryngol 2021; 42:103087. [PMID: 34029917 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the outcomes of cochlear implantation in children with Pendred Syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective case series of nine pediatric patients with Pendred syndrome undergoing cochlear implantation at a tertiary academic medical center from 2003 to 2017. RESULTS All patients were diagnosed with bilateral mild-to-profound to severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss and used hearing aids prior to implantation. Preoperative imaging results revealed that all patients exhibited bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueducts and 8 of 9 had cochlear dysplasia equivalent to Incomplete Partition II. Despite inner ear malformations, all electrodes were successfully implanted with minimal complications and favorable post-operative audiological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Cochlear implantation is an effective and successful treatment for severe-to-profound hearing loss in children with Pendred syndrome and for whom traditional amplification aids provide limited benefit. With early intervention, cochlear implantation allows speech and cognitive development in Pendred children comparable to that of normal hearing individuals, allowing patients to learn in a mainstream educational setting.
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28
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Opazo MC, Rivera JC, Gonzalez PA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM, Riedel CA. Thyroid Gene Mutations in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women Diagnosed With Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism: Implications for the Offspring's Health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:679002. [PMID: 34721286 PMCID: PMC8551387 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.679002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetus and infants require appropriate thyroid hormone levels and iodine during pregnancy and lactation. Nature endorses the mother to supply thyroid hormones to the fetus and iodine to the lactating infant. Genetic variations on thyroid proteins that cause dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism could in pregnant and breastfeeding women impair the delivery of thyroid hormones and iodine to the offspring. The review discusses maternal genetic variations in thyroid proteins that, in the context of pregnancy and/or breastfeeding, could trigger thyroid hormone deficiency or iodide transport defect that will affect the proper development of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Opazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Rivera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Gonzalez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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29
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Brotto D, Sorrentino F, Cenedese R, Avato I, Bovo R, Trevisi P, Manara R. Genetics of Inner Ear Malformations: A Review. Audiol Res 2021; 11:524-536. [PMID: 34698066 PMCID: PMC8544219 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres11040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inner ear malformations are present in 20% of patients with sensorineural hearing loss. Although the first descriptions date to the 18th century, in recent years the knowledge about these conditions has experienced terrific improvement. Currently, most of these conditions have a rehabilitative option. Much less is known about the etiology of these anomalies. In particular, the evolution of genetics has provided new data about the possible relationship between inner ear malformations and genetic anomalies. In addition, in syndromic condition, the well-known presence of sensorineural hearing loss can now be attributed to the presence of an inner ear anomaly. In some cases, the presence of these abnormalities should be considered as a characteristic feature of the syndrome. The present paper aims to summarize the available knowledge about the possible relationships between inner ear malformations and genetic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Brotto
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.S.); (R.C.); (R.B.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Flavia Sorrentino
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.S.); (R.C.); (R.B.); (P.T.)
| | - Roberta Cenedese
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.S.); (R.C.); (R.B.); (P.T.)
| | - Irene Avato
- Department of Diagnostic, Paediatric, Clinical and Surgical Science, University of Pavia, 35128 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Roberto Bovo
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.S.); (R.C.); (R.B.); (P.T.)
| | - Patrizia Trevisi
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.S.); (R.C.); (R.B.); (P.T.)
| | - Renzo Manara
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
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Tesolin P, Fiorino S, Lenarduzzi S, Rubinato E, Cattaruzzi E, Ammar L, Castro V, Orzan E, Granata C, Dell’Orco D, Morgan A, Girotto G. Pendred Syndrome, or Not Pendred Syndrome? That Is the Question. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1569. [PMID: 34680964 PMCID: PMC8535891 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pendred syndrome (PDS) is the most common form of syndromic Hearing Loss (HL), characterized by sensorineural HL, inner ear malformations, and goiter, with or without hypothyroidism. SLC26A4 is the major gene involved, even though ~50% of the patients carry only one pathogenic mutation. This study aims to define the molecular diagnosis for a cohort of 24 suspected-PDS patients characterized by a deep radiological and audiological evaluation. Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES), the analysis of twelve variants upstream of SLC26A4, constituting the "CEVA haplotype" and Multiplex Ligation Probe Amplification (MLPA) searching for deletions/duplications in SLC26A4 gene have been carried out. In five patients (20.8%) homozygous/compound heterozygous SLC26A4 mutations, or pathogenic mutation in trans with the CEVA haplotype have been identified, while five subjects (20.8%) resulted heterozygous for a single variant. In silico protein modeling supported the pathogenicity of the detected variants, suggesting an effect on the protein stabilization/function. Interestingly, we identified a genotype-phenotype correlation among those patients carrying SLC26A4 mutations, whose audiograms presented a characteristic slope at the medium and high frequencies, providing new insights into PDS. Finally, an interesting homozygous variant in MYO5C has been identified in one patient negative to SLC26A4 gene, suggesting the identification of a new HL candidate gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tesolin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Sofia Fiorino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Stefania Lenarduzzi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisa Rubinato
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Cattaruzzi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Lydie Ammar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Veronica Castro
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Eva Orzan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Claudio Granata
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniele Dell’Orco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Anna Morgan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
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Kılıç S, Bouzaher MH, Cohen MS, Lieu JEC, Kenna M, Anne S. Comprehensive medical evaluation of pediatric bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2021; 6:1196-1207. [PMID: 34667865 PMCID: PMC8513426 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) should undergo a comprehensive medical evaluation to determine the underlying etiology and help guide treatment and counseling. In this article, we review the indications and rationale for medical evaluation of pediatric bilateral SNHL, including history and physical examination, imaging, genetic testing, specialist referrals, cytomegalovirus (CMV) testing, and other laboratory tests. Workup begins with a history and physical examination, which can provide clues to the etiology of SNHL, particularly with syndromic causes. If SNHL is diagnosed within the first 3 weeks of life, CMV testing should be performed to identify patients that may benefit from antiviral treatment. If SNHL is diagnosed after 3 weeks, testing can be done using dried blood spots samples, if testing capability is available. Genetic testing is oftentimes successful in identifying causes of hearing loss as a result of recent technological advances in testing and an ever-increasing number of identified genes and genetic mutations. Therefore, where available, genetic testing should be performed, ideally with next generation sequencing techniques. Ophthalmological evaluation must be done on all children with SNHL. Imaging (high-resolution computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging) should be performed to assess for anatomic causes of hearing loss and to determine candidacy for cochlear implantation when indicated. Laboratory testing is indicated for certain etiologies, but should not be ordered indiscriminately since the yield overall is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Kılıç
- Head and Neck InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | - Michael S. Cohen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Judith E. C. Lieu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Margaret Kenna
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication EnhancementBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Samantha Anne
- Head and Neck InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
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32
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Biggs K, Lovett A, Metcalfe C, Muzaffar J, Monksfield P, Bance M. Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Patients with Pendred syndrome: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis. J Int Adv Otol 2021; 16:432-442. [PMID: 33136026 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2020.9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Establish outcomes following cochlear implantation (CI) in patients with Pendred syndrome. Systematic review and narrative synthesis. Databases searched: Medline, Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Collection and ClinicalTrials.gov. No limits placed on language or year of publication. Review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Searches identified 251 abstracts and 242 full texts. Of these, 22 studies met inclusion criteria reporting outcomes in 231 patients with at least 234 implants. Hearing outcomes were generally good with patients experiencing useful functional improvement. A total of 46 minor complications were reported in 78 cases. The methodological quality of included studies was modest, predominantly consisting of case reports and non-controlled case series with small numbers of patients. All studies were OCEBM grade III-IV. Hearing outcomes following CI in Pendred syndrome are generally good with useful functional improvement. However, outcomes reported in published studies lack long term follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Biggs
- Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - Amy Lovett
- Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - Chris Metcalfe
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Bigmingham, UK
| | - Jameel Muzaffar
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Bigmingham, UK
| | - Peter Monksfield
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Bigmingham, UK
| | - Manohar Bance
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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33
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Roesch S, Rasp G, Sarikas A, Dossena S. Genetic Determinants of Non-Syndromic Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct: A Review. Audiol Res 2021; 11:423-442. [PMID: 34562878 PMCID: PMC8482117 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres11030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensorial deficit in humans and one of the most common birth defects. In developed countries, at least 60% of cases of hearing loss are of genetic origin and may arise from pathogenic sequence alterations in one of more than 300 genes known to be involved in the hearing function. Hearing loss of genetic origin is frequently associated with inner ear malformations; of these, the most commonly detected is the enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA). EVA may be associated to other cochleovestibular malformations, such as cochlear incomplete partitions, and can be found in syndromic as well as non-syndromic forms of hearing loss. Genes that have been linked to non-syndromic EVA are SLC26A4, GJB2, FOXI1, KCNJ10, and POU3F4. SLC26A4 and FOXI1 are also involved in determining syndromic forms of hearing loss with EVA, which are Pendred syndrome and distal renal tubular acidosis with deafness, respectively. In Caucasian cohorts, approximately 50% of cases of non-syndromic EVA are linked to SLC26A4 and a large fraction of patients remain undiagnosed, thus providing a strong imperative to further explore the etiology of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Roesch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Gerd Rasp
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Antonio Sarikas
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Silvia Dossena
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(0)662-2420-80564
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Tian Y, Xu H, Liu D, Zhang J, Yang Z, Zhang S, Liu H, Li R, Tian Y, Zeng B, Li T, Lin Q, Wang H, Li X, Lu W, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Jiang C, Xu Y, Chen B, Liu J, Tang W. Increased diagnosis of enlarged vestibular aqueduct by multiplex PCR enrichment and next-generation sequencing of the SLC26A4 gene. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1734. [PMID: 34170635 PMCID: PMC8404235 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the commonest malformation of inner ear accompanied by sensorineural hearing loss in children. Three genes SLC26A4, FOXI1, and KCNJ10 have been associated with EVA, among them SLC26A4 being the most common. Yet, hotspot mutation screening can only diagnose a small number of patients. Methods Thus, in this study, we designed a new molecular diagnosis panel for EVA based on multiplex PCR enrichment and next‐generation sequencing of the exon and flanking regions of SLC26A4. A total of 112 hearing loss families with EVA were enrolled and the pathogenicity of the rare variants detected was interpreted according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Results Our results showed that 107/112 (95.54%) families carried SLC26A4 biallelic mutations, 4/112 (3.57%) carried monoallelic variants, and 1/112 (0.89%) had none variant, resulting in a diagnostic rate of 95.54%. A total of 49 different variants were detected in those patients and we classified 30 rare variants as pathogenic/likely pathogenic, of which 13 were not included in the Clinvar database. Conclusion Our diagnostic panel has an increased diagnostic yield with less cost, and the curated list of pathogenic variants in the SLC26A4 gene can be directly used to aid the genetic counseling to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongan Tian
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongen Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Danhua Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juanli Zhang
- Henan Province Medical Instrument Testing Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Sen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanfei Liu
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruijun Li
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Beiping Zeng
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tong Li
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haili Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Otology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Otology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Otology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Otology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Otology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenxue Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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35
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Follicular thyroid cancer in a patient with Pendred syndrome. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2021; 82:622-624. [PMID: 34118212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We present the clinical and molecular studies of a family with Pendred syndrome, in which one affected individual developed follicular thyroid cancer. Two siblings with classic Pendred syndrome triad were operated on because of enormous multinodular goiter. Histopathology showed a follicular thyroid cancer in the male and a multinodular goiter in the female. PDS gene analysis revealed G-to-A transition in the splice donor site of intron 8 (IVS8+1G>A/c.1001+1G>A). Careful surveillance is needed in all cases of thyroid nodules in patients with Pendred syndrome, due to the high risk of malignancy.
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36
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Citterio CE, Rivolta CM, Targovnik HM. Structure and genetic variants of thyroglobulin: Pathophysiological implications. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 528:111227. [PMID: 33689781 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroglobulin (TG) plays a main role in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (TH), and, thus, it is involved in a wide range of vital functions throughout the life cycle of all vertebrates. Deficiency of TH production due to TG genetic variants causes congenital hypothyroidism (CH), with devastating consequences such as intellectual disability and impaired growth if untreated. To this day, 229 variations in the human TG gene have been identified while the 3D structure of TG has recently appeared. Although TG deficiency is thought to be of autosomal recessive inheritance, the introduction of massive sequencing platforms led to the identification of a variety of monoallelic TG variants (combined with mutations in other thyroid gene products) opening new questions regarding the possibility of oligogenic inheritance of the disease. In this review we discuss remarkable advances in the understanding of the TG architecture and the pathophysiology of CH associated with TG defects, providing new insights for the management of congenital disorders as well as counseling benefits for families with a history of TG abnormalities. Moreover, we summarize relevant aspects of TH synthesis within TG and offer an updated analysis of animal and cellular models of TG deficiency for pathophysiological studies of thyroid dyshormonogenesis while highlighting perspectives for new investigations. All in all, even though there has been sustained progress in understanding the role of TG in thyroid pathophysiology during the past 50 years, functional characterization of TG variants remains an important area of study for future advancement in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia E Citterio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Calcaterra V, Lamberti R, Viggiano C, Gatto S, Spaccini L, Lista G, Zuccotti G. Neonatal Dyshormonogenetic Goiter with Hypothyroidism Associated with Novel Mutations in Thyroglobulin and SLC26A4 Gene. Pediatr Rep 2021; 13:210-215. [PMID: 34063177 PMCID: PMC8163152 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric13020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital goiter is an uncommon cause of neck swelling and it can be associated with hypothyroidism. We discuss a case of primary hypothyroidism with goiter presenting at birth. Ultrasound showed the enlargement of the gland and thyroid function tests detected marked hypothyroidism. Genetic analysis via next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed finding two mutations associated with thyroid dyshormonogenesis: c.7813 C > T, homozygous in the exon 45 of the thyroglobulin gene (TG) and c.1682 G > A heterozygous in exon 15 of the SLC26A4 gene (pendrin). Sanger sequencing of parents' DNA samples revealed that the first mutation (c.7813 C > T) was inherited from both of them, while the second one (c.1682 G > A) was inherited from the mother. Hormone replacement therapy was started, following which a gradual decrease in the size of the goiter was seen with the normalization of hormonal levels. Normal infant growth status and neurological development were recorded during follow-up. Neonatal dyshormonogenetic goiter with hypothyroidism may represent an unusual cause of neonatal neck mass. Early identification and hormone replacement therapy are crucial for a better neurodevelopmental outcome. Genetic analysis is mandatory in order to reach a specific diagnosis and to elucidate new patterns of thyroid disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (R.L.); (C.V.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rossella Lamberti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (R.L.); (C.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Claudia Viggiano
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (R.L.); (C.V.); (G.Z.)
| | - Sara Gatto
- Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Luigina Spaccini
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Lista
- Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (S.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (R.L.); (C.V.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Dlugaiczyk J. Rare Disorders of the Vestibular Labyrinth: of Zebras, Chameleons and Wolves in Sheep's Clothing. Laryngorhinootologie 2021; 100:S1-S40. [PMID: 34352900 PMCID: PMC8363216 DOI: 10.1055/a-1349-7475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of vertigo syndromes is a challenging issue, as many - and in particular - rare disorders of the vestibular labyrinth can hide behind the very common symptoms of "vertigo" and "dizziness". The following article presents an overview of those rare disorders of the balance organ that are of special interest for the otorhinolaryngologist dealing with vertigo disorders. For a better orientation, these disorders are categorized as acute (AVS), episodic (EVS) and chronic vestibular syndromes (CVS) according to their clinical presentation. The main focus lies on EVS sorted by their duration and the presence/absence of triggering factors (seconds, no triggers: vestibular paroxysmia, Tumarkin attacks; seconds, sound and pressure induced: "third window" syndromes; seconds to minutes, positional: rare variants and differential diagnoses of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; hours to days, spontaneous: intralabyrinthine schwannomas, endolymphatic sac tumors, autoimmune disorders of the inner ear). Furthermore, rare causes of AVS (inferior vestibular neuritis, otolith organ specific dysfunction, vascular labyrinthine disorders, acute bilateral vestibulopathy) and CVS (chronic bilateral vestibulopathy) are covered. In each case, special emphasis is laid on the decisive diagnostic test for the identification of the rare disease and "red flags" for potentially dangerous disorders (e. g. labyrinthine infarction/hemorrhage). Thus, this chapter may serve as a clinical companion for the otorhinolaryngologist aiding in the efficient diagnosis and treatment of rare disorders of the vestibular labyrinth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dlugaiczyk
- Klinik für Ohren-, Nasen-, Hals- und Gesichtschirurgie
& Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Schwindel und
neurologische Sehstörungen, Universitätsspital Zürich
(USZ), Universität Zürich (UZH), Zürich,
Schweiz
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Sun Y, Han Y, Qian M, Li Y, Ye Y, Lin L, Liu Y. Defending Effects of Iodide Transfer in Placental Barrier Against Maternal Iodine Deficiency. Thyroid 2021; 31:509-518. [PMID: 32791891 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Placental iodide transport is necessary for maintaining an adequate iodide supply to the developing fetus. We hypothesized that compounds from the placental barrier can compensate for decreases in maternal iodine intake and normalize fetal iodine levels. Methods: Pregnant rats administered different amounts of iodine (1.24, 2.5, 5, or 10 μg/day) were evaluated on gestational day (gd) 16 and 20. The iodine levels in maternal blood, amniotic fluid (AF), and placental tissue were estimated using As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometry. The protein and/or messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of sodium iodide symporter (NIS), pendrin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and CD31 in the placental labyrinth, trophoblast cells isolated using laser capture microdissection (LCM), and/or fetomaternal thyroid were detected using immunoblotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and/or immunohistochemistry. Results: When iodine intake was reduced, iodine levels in maternal blood gradually decreased; however, placental iodine levels were not significantly different between groups on gd16 and gd20. Minimal changes were observed in AF iodine levels on gd16, and a mild decreasing trend was observed (iodine dose, 10 to 1.24 μg/day) on gd20. NIS protein, which was linearly distributed along the basolateral membrane of maternal-fetal thyroid follicles, gradually increased with decreasing iodine levels. Regarding iodine deficiency in the placental labyrinth on gd16 and gd20, pendrin and glycosylated NIS proteins were significantly upregulated in a dose-dependent manner. However, the mRNA levels were unchanged. Furthermore, the conversion of NIS protein from the nonglycosylated to the glycosylated form increased. In trophoblast cells isolated using LCM, PDS mRNA levels increased in the 1.24-μg/day group on gd16 but not NIS mRNA levels. There was a smaller α-SMA+ area in the labyrinth zone on gd16 and gd20; however, the proportional CD31+ area increased on gd16 and reduced on gd20 with decreased iodine levels. Conclusions: All mechanisms upregulating the expression of iodine transporters and changes in villous stroma and microvessel area in the placental labyrinth can promote iodide transfer from mother to fetus in iodine deficiency, especially before the onset of fetal thyroid function. Compensatory NIS protein regulation in the placenta against decreased iodine intake mainly occurs during translation and glycosylation modification after translation. Pendrin may be more important than NIS in the mediation of placental iodide transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Clinical Psychology Department, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Ming Qian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Psychology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ye
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Laixiang Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjun Liu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Berg P, Svendsen SL, Hoang TTL, Praetorius HA, Sorensen MV, Leipziger J. Impaired renal HCO 3 - secretion in CFTR deficient mice causes metabolic alkalosis during chronic base-loading. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13591. [PMID: 33270356 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cystic fibrosis patients have an increased risk of developing metabolic alkalosis presumably as a result of altered renal HCO3 - handling. In this study, we directly assess the kidneys' ability to compensate for a chronic base-load in the absence of functional CFTR. METHODS Comprehensive urine and blood acid-base analyses were done in anaesthetized WT mice or mice lacking either CFTR or pendrin, with or without 7 days of oral NaHCO3 loading. The in vivo experiments were complemented by a combination of immunoblotting and experiments with perfused isolated mouse cortical collecting ducts (CCD). RESULTS Base-loaded WT mice maintained acid-base homeostasis by elevating urinary pH and HCO3 - excretion and decreasing urinary net acid excretion. In contrast, pendrin KO mice and CFTR KO mice were unable to increase urinary pH and HCO3 - excretion and unable to decrease urinary net acid excretion sufficiently and thus developed metabolic alkalosis in response to the same base-load. The expression of pendrin was increased in response to the base-load in WT mice with a paralleled increased pendrin function in the perfused CCD. In CFTR KO mice, 7 days of base-loading did not upregulate pendrin expression and apical Cl- /HCO3 - exchange function was strongly blunted in the CCD. CONCLUSION CFTR KO mice develop metabolic alkalosis during a chronic base-load because they are unable to sufficiently elevate renal HCO3 - excretion. This can be explained by markedly reduced pendrin function in the absence of CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder Berg
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Samuel L. Svendsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Thi Thuy Linh Hoang
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Helle A. Praetorius
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Mads V. Sorensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Jens Leipziger
- Department of Biomedicine, Physiology Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
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41
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Choi HG, Song YS, Wee JH, Min C, Yoo DM, Kim SY. Analyses of the Relation between BPPV and Thyroid Diseases: A Nested Case-Control Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020329. [PMID: 33671325 PMCID: PMC7922576 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated relationship between multiple thyroid disorders and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), adjusting for levothyroxine medication. METHODS The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data from 2002 to 2015 were used. A total of 19,071 patients with BPPV were matched with 76,284 participants of a control group in a ratio of 1:4 for age, sex, income, and region of residence. The previous histories of thyroid disorders such as goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroiditis were investigated in both the BPPV and control groups. The odds ratios (ORs) for BPPV in thyroid diseases were calculated using conditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The histories of goiter (5.5% vs. 4.1%), hypothyroidism (4.7% vs. 3.7%), thyroiditis (2.1% vs. 1.6%), and hyperthyroidism (3.1% vs. 2.5%) were higher in the BPPV group than in the control group (all p < 0.001). Goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and hyperthyroidism were associated with BPPV (adjusted OR = 1.28 (95% CI = 1.17-1.39) for goiter, 1.23 (95% CI = 1.10-1.37) for hypothyroidism, 1.13 (95% CI = 1.02-1.26) for hyperthyroidism, each p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS BPPV was associated with thyroid disorders such as goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (H.G.C.); (J.H.W.)
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Young Shin Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea;
| | - Jee Hye Wee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (H.G.C.); (J.H.W.)
| | - Chanyang Min
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea;
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Dae Myoung Yoo
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-870-5340
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42
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Pio MG, Molina MF, Siffo S, Chiesa A, Rivolta CM, Targovnik HM. A novel mutation in intron 11 donor splice site, responsible of a rare genotype in thyroglobulin gene by altering the pre-mRNA splincing process. Cell expression and bioinformatic analysis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 522:111124. [PMID: 33321114 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thyroglobulin (TG) is a homodimeric glycoprotein synthesized by the thyroid gland. To date, two hundred twenty-seven variations of the TG gene have been identified in humans. Thyroid dyshormonogenesis due to TG gene mutations have an estimated incidence of approximately 1 in 100,000 newborns. The clinical spectrum ranges from euthyroid to mild or severe hypothyroidism. The purpose of the present study was to identify and characterize new variants in the TG gene. We report an Argentine patient with congenital hypothyroidism, enlarged thyroid gland and low levels of serum TG. Sequencing of DNA, expression of chimeric minigenes as well as bioinformatics analysis were performed. DNA sequencing identified the presence of compound heterozygous mutations in the TG gene: the maternal mutation consists of a c.3001+5G > A, whereas the paternal mutation consists of p.Arg296*. Minigen analysis of the variant c.3001+5A performed in HeLa, CV1 and Hek293T cell lines, showed a total lack of transcript expression. So, in order to validate that the loss of expression was caused by such variation, site-directed mutagenesis was performed on the mutated clone, which previously had a pSPL3 vector change, to give rise to a wild-type clone c.3001+5G, endorsing that the mutation c.3001+5G > A is the cause of the total lack of expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the c.3001+5G > A mutation causes a rare genotype, altering the splicing of the pre-mRNA. This work contributes to elucidating the molecular bases of TG defects associated with congenital hypothyroidism and expands our knowledge in relation to the pathologic roles of the position 5 in the donor splice site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Gomes Pio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maricel F Molina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofia Siffo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Chiesa
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, CEDIE-CONICET, División Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Roesch S, Bernardinelli E, Wortmann S, Mayr JA, Bader I, Schweighofer-Zwink G, Rasp G, Dossena S. [Molecular and functional testing in case of hereditary hearing loss associated with the SLC26A4 gene]. Laryngorhinootologie 2020; 99:853-862. [PMID: 33307573 DOI: 10.1055/a-1190-4173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to development of molecular techniques at hand, the number of genomic sequence variants detected in patient investigations is rising constantly. The number of potentially involved genes in hereditary hearing loss is rising simultaneously.In this overview, current methods for diagnostic workup on a molecular and functional level for variants of the SLC26A4 gene are described. Based on the description of the physiological function of the resulting protein Pendrin, molecular investigations for interpretation of the function are explained. Based on these investigations, the potential clinical consequences of a variant may be predicted more precisely and simplify routine reporting of a proven genotype and a phenotype, at hand. Finally, subsequent clinical investigations necessary, such as perchlorate discharge test, as well as therapeutic options are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Roesch
- Universitätsklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenkrankheiten der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Salzburg, SALK, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Emanuele Bernardinelli
- Universitätsinstitut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Salzburg, Austria
| | - Saskia Wortmann
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Salzburg, SALK, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Salzburg, SALK, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ingrid Bader
- Division für klinische Genetik, Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Salzburg, SALK, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gregor Schweighofer-Zwink
- Universitätsklinik für Nuklearmedizin und Endokrinologie der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Salzburg, SALK, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gerd Rasp
- Universitätsklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenkrankheiten der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Salzburg, SALK, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Silvia Dossena
- Universitätsinstitut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Salzburg, Austria
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Weichenberger CX, Rivera MT, Vanderpas J. Familial Aggregation of Endemic Congenital Hypothyroidism Syndrome in Congo (DR): Historical Data. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3021. [PMID: 33023116 PMCID: PMC7601371 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial aggregation of endemic congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in an iodine-deficient population from northern Congo (Democratic Republic (DR)) was analysed on data collected four decades ago (1979-1980). During a systematic survey of 62 families, 46 endemic CH subjects (44 myxedematous and 2 neurological) were identified based on clinical evidence within a village cohort of 468 subjects. A distribution analysis showed that two families presented significant excess of cases versus a random background distribution. Both families were characterised by two healthy parents having all of their five offspring affected by some form of endemic CH. Goitre prevalence in endemic CH was lower than that in the general population, while goitre prevalence in the unaffected part of the cohort (parents and siblings) was similar to that of the general population. Some unidentified genetic/epigenetic factor(s) could contribute to the evolution of some iodine-deficient hypothyroid neonates through irreversible and progressive loss of thyroid functional capacity during early childhood (<5 years old). Besides severe iodine deficiency, environmental exposure to thiocyanate overload and selenium deficiency, factors not randomly distributed within families and population, intervened in the full expression of endemic CH. Further exploration in the field will remain open, as iodine deficiency in Congo (DR) was eliminated in the 1990s.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Teresa Rivera
- Ecole de Santé Publique, Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium;
| | - Jean Vanderpas
- Ecole de Santé Publique, Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium;
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45
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Safka Brozkova D, Poisson Marková S, Mészárosová AU, Jenčík J, Čejnová V, Čada Z, Laštůvková J, Rašková D, Seeman P. Spectrum and frequencies of non GJB2 gene mutations in Czech patients with early non-syndromic hearing loss detected by gene panel NGS and whole-exome sequencing. Clin Genet 2020; 98:548-554. [PMID: 32860223 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-syndromic autosomal recessive hearing loss is an extremely heterogeneous disease caused by mutations in more than 80 genes. We examined Czech patients with early/prelingual non-syndromic, presumably genetic hearing loss (NSHL) without known cause after GJB2 gene testing. Four hundred and twenty-one unrelated patients were examined for STRC gene deletions with quantitative comparative fluorescent PCR (QCF PCR), 197 unrelated patients with next-generation sequencing by custom-designed NSHL gene panels and 19 patients with whole-exome sequencing (WES). Combining all methods, we discovered the cause of the disease in 54 patients. The most frequent type of NSHL was DFNB16 (STRC), which was detected in 22 patients, almost half of the clarified patients. Other biallelic pathogenic mutations were detected in the genes: MYO15A, LOXHD1, TMPRSS3 (each gene was responsible for five clarified patients, CDH23 (four clarified patients), OTOG and OTOF (each gene was responsible for two clarified patients). Other genes (AIFM1, CABP2, DIAPH1, PTPRQ, RDX, SLC26A4, TBC1D24, TECTA, TMC1) that explained the cause of hearing impairment were further detected in only one patient for each gene. STRC gene mutations, mainly deletions remain the most frequent NSHL cause after mutations in the GJB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Safka Brozkova
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Poisson Marková
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Uhrová Mészárosová
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Jenčík
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Čejnová
- Department of Medical Genetics, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Regional Health Corporation, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Čada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Laštůvková
- Department of Medical Genetics, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Regional Health Corporation, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Rašková
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Reproductive Medicine Gennet, Prague 7, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Seeman
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Zhou K, Huang L, Feng M, Li X, Zhao Y, Liu F, Wei J, Qin D, Lu Q, Shi M, Qu S, Tang F. A novel SLC26A4 splicing mutation identified in two deaf Chinese twin sisters with enlarged vestibular aqueducts. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1447. [PMID: 32770655 PMCID: PMC7549568 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Variants in the SLC26A4 gene are correlated with nonsyndromic hearing loss with an enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA). This study aimed to identify the genetic causes in a Chinese family with EVA, and the pathogenicity of the detected variants. Methods We collected blood samples and clinical data from a pair of deaf twin sisters with EVA and their family members. As controls, a group of 500 normal‐hearing people were enrolled in our study. Twenty‐one exons and flanking splice sites of the SLC26A4 gene were screened for pathogenic mutations by polymerase chain reaction and bidirectional Sanger sequencing. Minigene assays were used to verify whether the novel SLC26A4 intronic mutation influenced the normal splicing of mRNA. Results Hearing loss in the twins with EVA was diagnosed using auditory tests and imaging examinations. Two pathogenic mutations, c.919‐2A>G and c.1614+5G>A were detected in SLC26A4, the latter of which has not been reported in the literature. The minigene expression in vitro confirmed that c.1614+5G>A could cause aberrant splicing, resulting in skipping over exon 14. Conclusions On the SLC26A4 gene, c.1614+5G>A is a pathogenic mutation. This finding enriches the mutational spectrum of the SLC26A4 gene and provides a basis for the genetic diagnosis of EVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lancheng Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Menglong Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.,Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinlei Li
- Medical Genetics Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Medical Genetics Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jiazhang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Danxue Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qiutian Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Shenhong Qu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Fengzhu Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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Eshraghi AA, Polineni SP, Davies C, Shahal D, Mittal J, Al-Zaghal Z, Sinha R, Jindal U, Mittal R. Genotype-Phenotype Correlation for Predicting Cochlear Implant Outcome: Current Challenges and Opportunities. Front Genet 2020; 11:678. [PMID: 32765579 PMCID: PMC7381205 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use and utility of cochlear implantation has rapidly increased in recent years as technological advances in the field have expanded both the efficacy and eligible patient population for implantation. This review aims to serve as a general overview of the most common hearing disorders that have favorable auditory outcomes with cochlear implants (CI). Hearing loss in children caused by congenital cytomegalovirus infection, syndromic conditions including Pendred Syndrome, and non-syndromic genetic conditions such as hearing impairment associated with GJB2 mutations have shown to be successfully managed by CI. Furthermore, cochlear implantation provides the auditory rehabilitation for the most common etiology of hearing loss in adults and age-related hearing loss (ARHL) or presbycusis. However, in some cases, cochlear implantation have been associated with some challenges. Regarding implantation in children, studies have shown that sometimes parents seem to have unrealistic expectations regarding the ability of CI to provide auditory rehabilitation and speech improvement. Given the evidence revealing the beneficial effects of early intervention via CI in individuals with hearing disorders especially hearing loss due to genetic etiology, early auditory and genetic screening efforts may yield better clinical outcomes. There is a need to better understand genotype-phenotype correlations and CI outcome, so that effective genetic counseling and successful treatment strategies can be developed at the appropriate time for hearing impaired individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien A. Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Sai P. Polineni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Camron Davies
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
| | - David Shahal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Zaid Al-Zaghal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rahul Sinha
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Urmi Jindal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hearing Research Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
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48
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Himmerkus N, Svendsen SL, Quintanova C, Bleich M, Von Schwerdtner O, Benzing T, Welling PA, Leipziger J, Rinschen MM. Viewing Cortical Collecting Duct Function Through Phenotype-guided Single-Tubule Proteomics. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2020; 1:zqaa007. [PMID: 35330743 PMCID: PMC8788781 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The revolution of the omics technologies has enabled profiling of the molecules of any sample. However, the heterogeneity of the kidney with highly specialized nephron segments like the cortical collecting duct (CCD) poses a challenge regarding integration of omics data and functional analysis. We examined function and proteome from the same single CCDs of C57Bl6 mice by investigating them in a double-barreled perfusion system before targeted mass spectrometry. Transepithelial voltage (Vte), transepithelial resistance, as well as amiloride-sensitive voltage (ΔVteamil) were recorded. CCDs were of 400-600 µm of length, showed lumen negative Vte between -8.5 and -32.5 mV and an equivalent short circuit current I'sc between 54 and 192 µA/cm2. On a single-tubule proteome level, intercalated cell (IC) markers strongly correlated with other intercalated cell markers and negatively with principal cell markers. Integration of proteome data with phenotype data revealed that tubular length correlated with actin and Na+-K+-ATPase expression. ΔVte(amil) reflected the expression level of the β-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel. Intriguingly, ΔVte(amil) correlated inversely with the water channel AQP2 and the negative regulator protein NEDD4L (NEDD4-2). In pendrin knockout (KO) mice, the CCD proteome was accompanied by strong downregulation of other IC markers like CLCNKB, BSND (Barttin), and VAA (vH+-ATPase), a configuration that may contribute to the salt-losing phenotype of Pendred syndrome. Proteins normally coexpressed with pendrin were decreased in pendrin KO CCDs. In conclusion, we show that functional proteomics on a single nephron segment scale allows function-proteome correlations, and may potentially help predicting function from omics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Himmerkus
- Institute of Physiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Bleich
- Institute of Physiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Benzing
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul A Welling
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jens Leipziger
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Scripps Center for Metabolomics, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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49
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Malesci R, Russo R, Monzillo C, Laria C, Corvino V, Auletta G, Iolascon A, Franzè A. Bimodal strategy for excellent audiological rehabilitation in a subject with a novel nonsense mutation of the SLC26A4 gene: A case report. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 134:110018. [PMID: 32251972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is a heterogeneous disease caused by mutations in many genes. However, in the presence of enlarged vestibular aqueduct, it is frequently associated with mutations in the solute carrier family 26 member 4 (SLC26A4), a gene causative of a syndromic form (Pendred) as well as a non-syndromic form of hearing loss (DFNB4). We describe a clinical case presenting bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and enlarged vestibular aqueduct in which a novel homozygous SLC26A4 mutation was identified. Despite a late diagnosis of hearing loss, a peculiar rehabilitation therapy strategy was identified that provided excellent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Malesci
- Institute of Audiology, Dept. of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Roberta Russo
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy; CEINGE- Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmela Monzillo
- Institute of Audiology, Dept. of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Carla Laria
- Institute of Audiology, Dept. of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Virginia Corvino
- Institute of Audiology, Dept. of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Auletta
- Institute of Audiology, Dept. of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy; CEINGE- Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Franzè
- Institute of Audiology, Dept. of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; CEINGE- Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy.
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50
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Wall SM, Verlander JW, Romero CA. The Renal Physiology of Pendrin-Positive Intercalated Cells. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1119-1147. [PMID: 32347156 PMCID: PMC7474261 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercalated cells (ICs) are found in the connecting tubule and the collecting duct. Of the three IC subtypes identified, type B intercalated cells are one of the best characterized and known to mediate Cl- absorption and HCO3- secretion, largely through the anion exchanger pendrin. This exchanger is thought to act in tandem with the Na+-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, NDCBE, to mediate net NaCl absorption. Pendrin is stimulated by angiotensin II and aldosterone administration via the angiotensin type 1a and the mineralocorticoid receptors, respectively. It is also stimulated in models of metabolic alkalosis, such as with NaHCO3 administration. In some rodent models, pendrin-mediated HCO3- secretion modulates acid-base balance. However, of probably more physiological or clinical significance is the role of these pendrin-positive ICs in blood pressure regulation, which occurs, at least in part, through pendrin-mediated renal Cl- absorption, as well as their effect on the epithelial Na+ channel, ENaC. Aldosterone stimulates ENaC directly through principal cell mineralocorticoid hormone receptor (ligand) binding and also indirectly through its effect on pendrin expression and function. In so doing, pendrin contributes to the aldosterone pressor response. Pendrin may also modulate blood pressure in part through its action in the adrenal medulla, where it modulates the release of catecholamines, or through an indirect effect on vascular contractile force. In addition to its role in Na+ and Cl- balance, pendrin affects the balance of other ions, such as K+ and I-. This review describes how aldosterone and angiotensin II-induced signaling regulate pendrin and the contribution of pendrin-positive ICs in the kidney to distal nephron function and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Wall
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jill W Verlander
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Cesar A Romero
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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