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Samyn P, Meftahi A, Geravand SA, Heravi MEM, Najarzadeh H, Sabery MSK, Barhoum A. Opportunities for bacterial nanocellulose in biomedical applications: Review on biosynthesis, modification and challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123316. [PMID: 36682647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a natural polysaccharide produced as extracellular material by bacterial strains and has favorable intrinsic properties for primary use in biomedical applications. In this review, an update on state-of-the art and challenges in BNC production, surface modification and biomedical application is given. Recent insights in biosynthesis allowed for better understanding of governing parameters improving production efficiency. In particular, introduction of different carbon/nitrogen sources from alternative feedstock and industrial upscaling of various production methods is challenging. It is important to have control on the morphology, porosity and forms of BNC depending on biosynthesis conditions, depending on selection of bacterial strains, reactor design, additives and culture conditions. The BNC is intrinsically characterized by high water absorption capacity, good thermal and mechanical stability, biocompatibility and biodegradability to certain extent. However, additional chemical and/or physical surface modifications are required to improve cell compatibility, protein interaction and antimicrobial properties. The novel trends in synthesis include the in-situ culturing of hybrid BNC nanocomposites in combination with organic material, inorganic material or extracellular components. In parallel with toxicity studies, the applications of BNC in wound care, tissue engineering, medical implants, drug delivery systems or carriers for bioactive compounds, and platforms for biosensors are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Samyn
- SIRRIS, Department Innovations in Circular Economy, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Amin Meftahi
- Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Abbasi Geravand
- Department of Technical & Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamideh Najarzadeh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Science And Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmed Barhoum
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland.
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Marroquín-Fandiño JE, Ramírez-Acosta CM, Luna-Wandurraga HJ, Valderrama-Rincón JA, Cruz JC, Reyes LH, Valderrama-Rincon JD. Novel external-loop-airlift milliliter scale bioreactors for cell growth studies: Low cost design, CFD analysis and experimental characterization. J Biotechnol 2020; 324:71-82. [PMID: 32991936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many researchers have limited access to fully equipped laboratory-scale batch bioreactors and chemostats due to their relatively high cost. This becomes particularly prohibitive when multiple replicas of the same experiment are required, but not enough bioreactors are available to operate simultaneously. Additionally, experiments using shaken flasks are common but show significant limitations in terms of maintaining homogeneous conditions in liquid cultures or installing instrumentation for monitoring. Here, we proposed to tackle this significant hurdle by providing a route to make available the manufacture of low-cost, milliliter-scale bioreactors. This approach seems plausible for enabling proof-of-concept experiments before moving to a larger scale without significant investments. The conceptually designed systems were based on external-loop bioreactors due to their flexibility, simplicity, and ease of assembling and testing. Designs were initially evaluated in silico with the aid of COMSOL Multiphysics. The successfully evaluated systems were then constructed via additive manufacturing and assembled for hydrodynamics testing via tracer methods. This was enabled by a newly home-made optical absorbance sensor (OAS) for in-line and real-time measurements. Both the in silico and experimental results indicated close to ideal mixing conditions and low shear stress. Cell growth curves were prepared by culturing Escherichia coli and following its cell density in real-time. Our cell growth rate and maximum cell density were similar to those previously obtained in closely related systems. Therefore, the proposed bioreactors are an affordable alternative for batch and continuous cell growth studies rapidly and inexpensively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Manuel Ramírez-Acosta
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 110311, Colombia
| | | | | | - Juan C Cruz
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 110311, Colombia
| | - Luis H Reyes
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 110311, Colombia
| | - Juan D Valderrama-Rincon
- Grupo GRESIA, Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, 110231, Colombia.
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Chen G, Chen L, Wang W, Chen S, Wang H, Wei Y, Hong FF. Improved bacterial nanocellulose production from glucose without the loss of quality by evaluating thirteen agitator configurations at low speed. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:1387-1402. [PMID: 31503407 PMCID: PMC6801155 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirteen agitator configurations were investigated at low speed in stirred-tank reactors (STRs) to determine if improved crude bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) productivity can be achieved from glucose-based media while maintaining high BNC quality using Komagataeibacter xylinus ATCC 23770 as a model organism. A comparison of five single impellers showed the pitched blade (large) was the optimal impeller at 300 rpm. The BNC production was further increased by maintaining the pH at 5.0. Among the single helical ribbon and frame impellers and the combined impellers, the twin pitched blade provided the best results. The combined impellers at 150 rpm performed better than the single impellers, and after optimizing the agitation conditions, the twin pitched blade (large) and helical ribbon impellers performed the best at 100 rpm. The performances of different agitators at low speed during BNC production were related to how efficiently the agitators improved the oxygen mass transfer coefficient. The twin pitched blade (large) was verified as providing the optimum performance by an observed crude BNC production of 1.97 g (L×d)-1 and a BNC crude yield of consumed glucose of 0.41 g g-1 , which were 2.25 and 2.37 times higher than the initial values observed using the single impeller respectively. Further characterization indicated that the BNC obtained at 100 rpm from the STR equipped with the optimal agitator maintained high degree of polymerization and crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genqiang Chen
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textileMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityNorth Ren Min Road 2999Shanghai201620China
- Group of Microbiological Engineering and Industrial BiotechnologyCollege of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua UniversityNorth Ren Min Road 2999Shanghai201620China
| | - Lin Chen
- Group of Microbiological Engineering and Industrial BiotechnologyCollege of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua UniversityNorth Ren Min Road 2999Shanghai201620China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textileMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityNorth Ren Min Road 2999Shanghai201620China
- Group of Microbiological Engineering and Industrial BiotechnologyCollege of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua UniversityNorth Ren Min Road 2999Shanghai201620China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry and the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer ResearchTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanotechnology and Institute of Biomedical TechnologyChung‐Yuan Christian UniversityTaiwanChina
| | - Feng F. Hong
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textileMinistry of EducationDonghua UniversityNorth Ren Min Road 2999Shanghai201620China
- Group of Microbiological Engineering and Industrial BiotechnologyCollege of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua UniversityNorth Ren Min Road 2999Shanghai201620China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
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Khazeni S, Hatamian-Zarmi A, Yazdian F, Mokhtari-Hosseini ZB, Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh B, Noorani B, Amoabedini G, Soudi MR. Production of nanocellulose in miniature-bioreactor: Optimization and characterization. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 47:371-378. [PMID: 27824292 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1252923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a very fascinating microbial biopolymer which is mainly produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinum. Optimization of BC production by G. xylinum was performed based on scale-down studies in miniature-bioreactor and response surface methodology in which the optimum pH value (6.5) and shaking rate (50 rpm) were obtained. The static culture condition for BC production has newly been defined. Nanostructure of BC includes nanofibers up to (60 nm) and nanoporosity up to (265 nm) was observed by scanning electron microscopy. By Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study, the most expected BC interaction is nucleophilic interaction. MTT assay showed high biocompatibility. Appropriate mechanical strength (0.37 MPa) and Young's modulus (3.36 MPa) evinced BC scaffold utilization for skin tissue. The results indicate that BC sheets can be utilized in biomedical application and nanotechnology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Khazeni
- a Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ashrafalsadat Hatamian-Zarmi
- a Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- a Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zahra Beagom Mokhtari-Hosseini
- b Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Petrochemical Engineering , Hakim Sabzevari University , Sabzevar , Iran
| | - Bahman Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh
- a Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Behnam Noorani
- a Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ghassem Amoabedini
- c Faculty of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran.,d Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Soudi
- e Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science , Alzahra University , Tehran , Iran
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von Stosch M, Oliveira R, Peres J, Feyo de Azevedo S. Hybrid semi-parametric modeling in process systems engineering: Past, present and future. Comput Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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González-Sáiz JM, Garrido-Vidal D, Pizarro C. Modelling the industrial production of vinegar in aerated-stirred fermentors in terms of process variables. J FOOD ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rivera EC, Costa AC, Andrade RR, Atala DI, Maugeri F, Maciel Filho R. Development of adaptive modeling techniques to describe the temperature-dependent kinetics of biotechnological processes. Biochem Eng J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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