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Li P, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Jiang X, Wang X, Shi X, Wang W. The effects of environmental factors on the synthesis of water-soluble Monascus red pigments via submerged fermentation: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:7754-7764. [PMID: 38591364 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Monascus pigments (MPs) have been used as natural food pigments for many years. There is a high demand for Monascus red pigments (MRPs) to enhance color and for antibacterial and cancer prevention therapies in food and medicine. Most MRPs are not water soluble, and the yield of water-soluble MRPs is naturally low. On the other hand, water-soluble MRP is more cost effective for application in industrial mass production. Therefore, it is important to improve the yield of water-soluble MRPs. Environmental factors have a significant influence on the synthesis of water-soluble MRPs, which is crucial for the development of industrial production of water-soluble MRPs. This review introduces the biosynthetic pathways of water-soluble MRPs and summarizes the effects of environmental factors on the yield of water-soluble MRPs. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is a precursor for MPs synthesis. Carbon and nitrogen sources and the carbon/nitrogen ratio can impact MP production by regulating the metabolic pathway of acetyl-CoA. Optimization of fermentation conditions to change the morphology of Monascus can stimulate the synthesis of MPs. The appropriate choice of nitrogen sources and pH values can promote the synthesis of MRPs from MPs. Additives such as metal ions and non-ionic surfactants can affect the fluidity of Monascus cell membrane and promote the transformation of MRPs into water-soluble MRPs. This review will lay the foundation for the industrial production of water-soluble MRPs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Li H, Wang Z, Feng T, Guo Y, Lv J, Li N, Liu X, Liu J. A fungal-algal self-flocculation system and its application to treat filter sludge leachate in the sugar industry. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122718. [PMID: 37821041 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficient and economical treatment of wastewater using microalgae has attracted much attention. However, harvesting microalgae cells from treated wastewater remains challenging. In the present study, a Chlorella vulgaris suspension containing filamentous fungi Aspergillus niger and Chaetomium gracile was successfully used to construct a self-flocculating system, with a microalgae flocculation efficiency of 99.6% achieved by gravity sedimentation within 4 h. The diameter of fungi played an important role in determining flocculation efficiency, and the optimal particle size was 10 mm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that the sweeping action of fungal mycelia and the interaction between the functional groups of fungi and the C. vulgaris surface contributed to improve flocculation. Co-cultivation of C. vulgaris and fungi could effectively remove 83.53%, 94.45% and 76.88% of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand, respectively, from the sludge leachate from a sugar mill. The fungal-algal biomass reached 5.75 g/L. Herein, the constructed self-flocculation system had coupled efficient flocculation of C. vulgaris with removal of pollutants from wastewater in a short period of time, and providing a green, pollution-free, low-cost method for simultaneous wastewater treatment and the production of high quality biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China; Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Tingting Feng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jing Lv
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Ning Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xinliang Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Jidong Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China; Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Pucci EFQ, Buffo MM, Del Bianco Sousa M, Tardioli PW, Badino AC. An innovative multi-enzymatic system for gluconic acid production from starch using Aspergillus niger whole-cells. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 171:110309. [PMID: 37690395 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of multi-enzymatic systems for the industrial production of chemical compounds is currently considered an important green tool in synthetic organic chemistry. Gluconic acid is a multi-functional organic acid widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, textile, and construction industries. Its industrial production from glucose by fermentation using Aspergillus niger has drawbacks including high costs related to cell growth and maintenance of cell viability. This study presents an innovative one-step multi-enzymatic system for gluconic acid production from starch using Aspergillus niger whole-cells in association with amylolytic enzymes. Using soluble starch as substrate, the following results were achieved for 96 h of reaction: 134.5 ± 4.3 g/L gluconic acid concentration, 98.2 ± 1.3 % gluconic acid yield, and 44.8 ± 1.4 gGA/gwhole-cells biocatalyst yield. Although the process has been developed using starch as raw material, the approach is feasible for any substrate or residue that can be hydrolyzed to glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariane Molina Buffo
- Laboratory of Fermentation Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Del Bianco Sousa
- Laboratory of Fermentation Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Waldir Tardioli
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Enzymatic Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alberto Colli Badino
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Fermentation Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Naseema Rasheed R, Pourbakhtiar A, Mehdizadeh Allaf M, Baharlooeian M, Rafiei N, Alishah Aratboni H, Morones-Ramirez JR, Winck FV. Microalgal co-cultivation -recent methods, trends in omic-studies, applications, and future challenges. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1193424. [PMID: 37799812 PMCID: PMC10548143 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1193424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The burgeoning human population has resulted in an augmented demand for raw materials and energy sources, which in turn has led to a deleterious environmental impact marked by elevated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, acidification of water bodies, and escalating global temperatures. Therefore, it is imperative that modern society develop sustainable technologies to avert future environmental degradation and generate alternative bioproduct-producing technologies. A promising approach to tackling this challenge involves utilizing natural microbial consortia or designing synthetic communities of microorganisms as a foundation to develop diverse and sustainable applications for bioproduct production, wastewater treatment, GHG emission reduction, energy crisis alleviation, and soil fertility enhancement. Microalgae, which are photosynthetic microorganisms that inhabit aquatic environments and exhibit a high capacity for CO2 fixation, are particularly appealing in this context. They can convert light energy and atmospheric CO2 or industrial flue gases into valuable biomass and organic chemicals, thereby contributing to GHG emission reduction. To date, most microalgae cultivation studies have focused on monoculture systems. However, maintaining a microalgae monoculture system can be challenging due to contamination by other microorganisms (e.g., yeasts, fungi, bacteria, and other microalgae species), which can lead to low productivity, culture collapse, and low-quality biomass. Co-culture systems, which produce robust microorganism consortia or communities, present a compelling strategy for addressing contamination problems. In recent years, research and development of innovative co-cultivation techniques have substantially increased. Nevertheless, many microalgae co-culturing technologies remain in the developmental phase and have yet to be scaled and commercialized. Accordingly, this review presents a thorough literature review of research conducted in the last few decades, exploring the advantages and disadvantages of microalgae co-cultivation systems that involve microalgae-bacteria, microalgae-fungi, and microalgae-microalgae/algae systems. The manuscript also addresses diverse uses of co-culture systems, and growing methods, and includes one of the most exciting research areas in co-culturing systems, which are omic studies that elucidate different interaction mechanisms among microbial communities. Finally, the manuscript discusses the economic viability, future challenges, and prospects of microalgal co-cultivation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asma Pourbakhtiar
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maedeh Baharlooeian
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Oceanography, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Nahid Rafiei
- Regulatory Systems Biology Lab, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Hossein Alishah Aratboni
- Regulatory Systems Biology Lab, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jose Ruben Morones-Ramirez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Av Universidad s/n, CD. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Flavia Vischi Winck
- Regulatory Systems Biology Lab, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Dinius A, Kozanecka ZJ, Hoffmann KP, Krull R. Intensification of bioprocesses with filamentous microorganisms. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Many industrial biotechnological processes use filamentous microorganisms to produce platform chemicals, proteins, enzymes and natural products. Product formation is directly linked to their cellular morphology ranging from dispersed mycelia over loose clumps to compact pellets. Therefore, the adjustment and control of the filamentous cellular morphology pose major challenges for bioprocess engineering. Depending on the filamentous strain and desired product, optimal morphological shapes for achieving high product concentrations vary. However, there are currently no overarching strain- or product-related correlations to improve process understanding of filamentous production systems. The present book chapter summarizes the extensive work conducted in recent years in the field of improving product formation and thus intensifying biotechnological processes with filamentous microorganisms. The goal is to provide prospective scientists with an extensive overview of this scientifically diverse, highly interesting field of study. In the course of this, multiple examples and ideas shall facilitate the combination of their acquired expertise with promising areas of future research. Therefore, this overview describes the interdependence between filamentous cellular morphology and product formation. Moreover, the currently most frequently used experimental techniques for morphological structure elucidation will be discussed in detail. Developed strategies of morphology engineering to increase product formation by tailoring and controlling cellular morphology and thus to intensify processes with filamentous microorganisms will be comprehensively presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dinius
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Rebenring 56 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Zuzanna J. Kozanecka
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Rebenring 56 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Kevin P. Hoffmann
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Rebenring 56 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Rebenring 56 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany
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Kövilein A, Aschmann V, Zadravec L, Ochsenreither K. Optimization of l-malic acid production from acetate with Aspergillus oryzae DSM 1863 using a pH-coupled feeding strategy. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:242. [DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Malic acid, a dicarboxylic acid mainly used in the food industry, is currently produced from fossil resources. The utilization of low-cost substrates derived from biomass could render microbial processes economic. Such feedstocks, like lignocellulosic hydrolysates or condensates of fast pyrolysis, can contain high concentrations of acetic acid. Acetate is a suitable substrate for l-malic acid production with the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae DSM 1863, but concentrations obtained so far are low. An advantage of this carbon source is that it can be used for pH control and simultaneous substrate supply in the form of acetic acid. In this study, we therefore aimed to enhance l-malate production from acetate with A. oryzae by applying a pH-coupled feeding strategy.
Results
In 2.5-L bioreactor fermentations, several feeding strategies were evaluated. Using a pH-coupled feed consisting of 10 M acetic acid, the malic acid concentration was increased about 5.3-fold compared to the batch process without pH control, resulting in a maximum titer of 29.53 ± 1.82 g/L after 264 h. However, it was not possible to keep both the pH and the substrate concentration constant during this fermentation. By using 10 M acetic acid set to a pH of 4.5, or with the repeated addition of NaOH, the substrate concentration could be maintained within a constant range, but these strategies did not prove beneficial as lower maximum titers and yields were obtained. Since cessation of malic acid production was observed in later fermentation stages despite carbon availability, a possible product inhibition was evaluated in shake flask cultivations. In these experiments, malate and succinate, which is a major by-product during malic acid production, were added at concentrations of up to 50 g/L, and it was found that A. oryzae is capable of organic acid production even at high product concentrations.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that a suitable feeding strategy is necessary for efficient malic acid production from acetate. It illustrates the potential of acetate as carbon source for microbial production of the organic acid and provides useful insights which can serve as basis for further optimization.
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Mycoprotein as novel functional ingredient: Mapping of functionality, composition and structure throughout the Quorn fermentation process. Food Chem 2022; 396:133736. [PMID: 35872494 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study provides the first mapping of mycoprotein functionality, composition and structure throughout the Quorn fermentation process. The fermentation broth, RNA-reduced broth (RNA-broth), centrate and their centrifugation deposits and supernatants were characterised. The broth, RNA-broth and their deposits displayed high concentrations of fungal filaments, which contributed to their high gelling properties (with a 5,320 Pa elastic modulus reported for RNA-broth deposits gels). Foams prepared with RNA-broth and centrate supernatants via frothing exhibited high stability (380 min), with high concentrations of a foam-positive cerato-platanin reported in these samples. Emulsions prepared with the broth and broth supernatant showed high emulsifying activity and stability indexes (12.80 m2/g and 15.84 mins for the broth supernatant) and low oil droplet sizes (18.09 µm for the broth). This study identified previously unreported gelling, foaming and/or emulsifying properties for the different Quorn streams, highlighting opportunities to develop novel sustainable alternatives to animal-derived functional ingredients using mycoprotein material.
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Leng L, Li W, Chen J, Leng S, Chen J, Wei L, Peng H, Li J, Zhou W, Huang H. Co-culture of fungi-microalgae consortium for wastewater treatment: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:125008. [PMID: 33773267 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of wastewater by microalgae has been studied and proved to be effective through previous studies. Due to the small size of microalgae, how to efficiently harvest microalgae from wastewater is a crucial factor restricting the development of algal technologies. Fungi-assisted microalgae bio-flocculation for microalgae harvesting and wastewater treatment simultaneously, which was overlooked previously, has attracted increasing attention in the recent decade due to its low cost and high efficiency. This review found that fungal hyphae and microalgae can stick together due to electrostatic neutralization, surface protein interaction, and exopolysaccharide adhesion in the co-culture process, realizing co-pelletization of microalgae and fungi, which is conducive to microalgae harvesting. Besides, the combination of fungi and microalgae has a complementary effect on pollutant removal from wastewaters. The co-culture of fungi-microalgae has excellent development prospects with both environmental and economic benefits, and it is expected to be applied on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Leng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Songqi Leng
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Jiefeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Liang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Haoyi Peng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Huajun Huang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Soerjawinata W, Schlegel K, Fuchs N, Schüffler A, Schirmeister T, Ulber R, Kampeis P. Applicability of a single-use bioreactor compared to a glass bioreactor for the fermentation of filamentous fungi and evaluation of the reproducibility of growth in pellet form. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:324-339. [PMID: 33976605 PMCID: PMC8092982 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of single-use technologies offers several major advantages, e.g. prevention of cross-contamination, especially when spore-forming microorganisms are present. This study investigated the application of a single-use bioreactor in batch fermentation of filamentous fungus Penicillium sp. (IBWF 040-09) from the Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research (IBWF), which is capable of intracellular production of a protease inhibitor against parasitic proteases as a secondary metabolite. Several modifications to the SU bioreactor were suggested in this study to allow the fermentation in which the fungus forms pellets. Simultaneously, fermentations in conventional glass bioreactor were also conducted as reference. Although there are significant differences in the construction material and gassing system, the similarity of the two types of bioreactors in terms of fungal metabolic activity and the reproducibility of fermentations could be demonstrated using statistic methods. Under the selected cultivation conditions, growth rate, yield coefficient, substrate uptake rate, and formation of intracellular protease-inhibiting substance in the single-use bioreactor were similar to those in the glass bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winda Soerjawinata
- Institute for Biotechnical Process DesignTrier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus BirkenfeldHoppstädten‐WeiersbachGermany
| | - Konstantin Schlegel
- Institute for Biotechnical Process DesignTrier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus BirkenfeldHoppstädten‐WeiersbachGermany
| | - Natalie Fuchs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesJohannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Anja Schüffler
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff‐Forschung gGmbH (IBWF)MainzGermany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical SciencesJohannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess EngineeringTechnical University KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany
| | - Percy Kampeis
- Institute for Biotechnical Process DesignTrier University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus BirkenfeldHoppstädten‐WeiersbachGermany
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Ji L, Wang J, Luo Q, Ding Q, Tang W, Chen X, Liu L. Enhancing L-malate production of Aspergillus oryzae by nitrogen regulation strategy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3101-3113. [PMID: 33818672 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Regulating morphology engineering and fermentation of Aspergillus oryzae makes it possible to increase the titer of L-malate. However, the existing L-malate-producing strain has limited L-malate production capacity and the fermentation process is insufficiently mature, which cannot meet the needs of industrial L-malate production. To further increase the L-malate production capacity of A. oryzae, we screened out a mutant strain (FMME-S-38) that produced 79.8 g/L L-malate in 250-mL shake flasks, using a newly developed screening system based on colony morphology on the plate. We further compared the extracellular nitrogen (N1) and intracellular nitrogen (N2) contents of the control and mutant strain (FMME-S-38) to determine the relationship between the curve of nitrogen content (N1 and N2) and the L-malate titer. This correlation was then used to optimize the conditions for developing a novel nitrogen supply strategy (initial tryptone concentration of 6.5 g/L and feeding with 3 g/L tryptone at 24 h). Fermentation in a 7.5-L fermentor under the optimized conditions further increased the titer and productivity of L-malate to 143.3 g/L and 1.19 g/L/h, respectively, corresponding to 164.9 g/L and 1.14 g/L/h in a 30-L fermentor. This nitrogen regulation-based strategy cannot only enhance industrial-scale L-malate production but also has generalizability and the potential to increase the production of similar metabolites.Key Points• Construction of a new screening system based on colony morphology on the plate.• A novel nitrogen regulation strategy used to regulate the production of L-malate.• A nitrogen supply strategy used to maximize the production of L-malate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ju Wang
- College of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Qiuling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wenxiu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Jansen R, Küsters K, Morschett H, Wiechert W, Oldiges M. A fully automated pipeline for the dynamic at-line morphology analysis of microscale Aspergillus cultivation. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2021; 8:2. [PMID: 33676585 PMCID: PMC7937226 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-021-00109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Morphology, being one of the key factors influencing productivity of filamentous fungi, is of great interest during bioprocess development. With increasing demand of high-throughput phenotyping technologies for fungi due to the emergence of novel time-efficient genetic engineering technologies, workflows for automated liquid handling combined with high-throughput morphology analysis have to be developed. Results In this study, a protocol allowing for 48 parallel microbioreactor cultivations of Aspergillus carbonarius with non-invasive online signals of backscatter and dissolved oxygen was established. To handle the increased cultivation throughput, the utilized microbioreactor is integrated into a liquid handling platform. During cultivation of filamentous fungi, cell suspensions result in either viscous broths or form pellets with varying size throughout the process. Therefore, tailor-made liquid handling parameters such as aspiration/dispense height, velocity and mixing steps were optimized and validated. Development and utilization of a novel injection station enabled a workflow, where biomass samples are automatically transferred into a flow through chamber fixed under a light microscope. In combination with an automated image analysis concept, this enabled an automated morphology analysis pipeline. The workflow was tested in a first application study, where the projected biomass area was determined at two different cultivation temperatures and compared to the microbioreactor online signals. Conclusions A novel and robust workflow starting from microbioreactor cultivation, automated sample harvest and processing via liquid handling robots up to automated morphology analysis was developed. This protocol enables the determination of projected biomass areas for filamentous fungi in an automated and high-throughput manner. This measurement of morphology can be applied to describe overall pellet size distribution and heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Jansen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kira Küsters
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Morschett
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wiechert
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany.,Computational Systems Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marco Oldiges
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Jülich, Germany. .,Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Böl M, Schrinner K, Tesche S, Krull R. Challenges of influencing cellular morphology by morphology engineering techniques and mechanical induced stress on filamentous pellet systems-A critical review. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:51-67. [PMID: 33716605 PMCID: PMC7923580 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous microorganisms are main producers of organic acids, enzymes, and pharmaceutical agents such as antibiotics and other active pharmaceutical ingredients. With their complex cell morphology, ranging from dispersed mycelia to dense pellets, the cultivation is challenging. In recent years, various techniques for tailor-made cell morphologies of filamentous microorganisms have been developed to increase product formation and have been summarised under the term morphology engineering. These techniques, namely microparticle-enhanced cultivation, macroparticle-enhanced cultivation, and alteration of the osmolality of the culture medium by addition of inorganic salts, the salt-enhanced cultivation, are presented and discussed in this review. These techniques have already proven to be useful and now await further proof-of-concept. Furthermore, the mechanical behaviour of individual pellets is of special interest for a general understanding of pellet mechanics and the productivity of biotechnological processes with filamentous microorganisms. Correlating them with substrate uptake and finally with productivity would be a breakthrough not to be underestimated for the comprehensive characterisation of filamentous systems. So far, this research field is under-represented. First results on filamentous pellet mechanics are discussed and important future aspects, which the filamentous expert community should deal with, will be presented and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Böl
- Institute of Mechanics and AdaptronicsTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ)Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Kathrin Schrinner
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ)Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Sebastian Tesche
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ)Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ)Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
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Xia J, Wang G, Fan M, Chen M, Wang Z, Zhuang Y. Understanding the scale-up of fermentation processes from the viewpoint of the flow field in bioreactors and the physiological response of strains. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Singh K, Sharma D, Mishra A. Mahua flowers (Madhuca sp.) utilization as a carbon-rich natural substrate for the cost-effective bench-scale production of fumaric acid. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractFumaric acid is a multi-functional bio-based organic acid that is extensively used as a building block compound in chemical synthesis, food preservative and as therapeutics. The substrates required for the production are the sugars that account for 50–60% of the total process economics. The present work explores the utilization of Mahua flowers as a cheaper carbon source and low cost production medium for cost-effective fumaric acid production using Rhizopus oryzae. Various process parameters for fumaric acid production and desired fungal morphology were investigated, including Mahua flower extract concentration, fermentation temperature, fermentation pH and agitation speed. The highest concentration of the product, fumaric acid obtained in shake flask was 23.5 ± 0.9 g/L at optimized conditions of 100 g/L of Mahua flower extract medium, pH 6, 30 ℃ temperature and shaking speed of 200 rpm in 72 h. The pellet morphology resulted in higher production than mycelial clumps. Bench-scale production in stirred tank reactor resulted in 24.1 ± 1.0 g/L of fumaric acid production at an aeration rate of 1 vvm, agitation at 200 rpm and temperature of 30 ℃. The results obtained were comparable to fermentation with pure glucose. The present study evidently reveals the feasibility of carbon-rich, low cost, abundantly available natural substrate for cost-effective fumaric acid production.
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15
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Garcia-Ochoa F, Gomez E, Santos VE. Fluid dynamic conditions and oxygen availability effects on microbial cultures in STBR: An overview. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Bliatsiou C, Schrinner K, Waldherr P, Tesche S, Böhm L, Kraume M, Krull R. Rheological characteristics of filamentous cultivation broths and suitable model fluids. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Barrios-González J, Pérez-Sánchez A, Bibián ME. New knowledge about the biosynthesis of lovastatin and its production by fermentation of Aspergillus terreus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8979-8998. [PMID: 32930839 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lovastatin, and its semisynthetic derivative simvastatine, has great medical and economic importance, besides great potential for other uses. In the last years, a deeper and more complex view of secondary metabolism regulation has emerged, with the incorporation of cluster-specific and global transcription factors, and their relation to signaling cascades, as well as the new level of epigenetic regulation. Recently, a new mechanism, which regulates lovastatin biosynthesis, at transcriptional level, has been discovered: reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation; also new unexpected environmental stimuli have been identified, which induce the synthesis of lovastatin, like quorum sensing-type molecules and support stimuli. The present review describes this new panorama and uses this information, together with the knowledge on lovastatin biosynthesis and genomics, as the foundation to analyze literature on optimization of fermentation parameters and medium composition, and also to fully understand new strategies for strain genetic improvement. This new knowledge has been applied to the development of more effective culture media, with the addition of molecules like butyrolactone I, oxylipins, and spermidine, or with addition of ROS-generating molecules to increase internal ROS levels in the cell. It has also been applied to the development of new strategies to generate overproducing strains of Aspergillus terreus, including engineering of the cluster-specific transcription factor (lovE), global transcription factors like the ones implicated in ROS regulation (or even mitochondrial alternative respiration aox gen), or the global regulator LaeA. Moreover, there is potential to apply some of these findings to the development of novel unconventional production systems. KEY POINTS: • New findings in regulation of lovastatin biosynthesis, like ROS regulation. • Induction by unexpected stimuli: autoinducer molecules and support stimuli. • Recent reports on culture medium and process optimization from this stand point. • Applications to molecular genetic strain improvement methods and production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Barrios-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Ailed Pérez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Esmeralda Bibián
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana -Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Saberi A, Jalili H, Nikfarjam A, Koohsorkhi J, Jarmoshti J, Bizukojc M. Monitoring of Aspergillus terreus morphology for the lovastatin production in submerge culture by impedimetry. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Metabolic pathway analysis and dynamic macroscopic model development for lovastatin production by Monascus purpureus using metabolic footprinting concept. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lonchamp J, Akintoye M, Clegg PS, Euston SR. Sonicated extracts from the Quorn fermentation co-product as oil-lowering emulsifiers and foaming agents. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of sonication on the structure and properties of a functional extract (retentate 100 or R100) from the Quorn fermentation co-product (centrate). In a previous study, we reported that the R100 fraction displayed good foaming, emulsifying and rheological properties. Sonication of a R100 solution led to the breakdown of the large hyphal structures characteristic of this extract into smaller fragments. Foams prepared with sonicated R100 displayed a higher foaming ability than with untreated R100 and a high foam stability but lower than untreated R100 ones. Oil-in-water emulsions prepared with sonicated R100 displayed smaller oil droplet size distributions than with untreated R100. Confocal micrographs suggested that small fungal fragments contributed to the stabilisation of oil droplets. 50% oil-reduced R100 emulsions were prepared by mixing R100 emulsions (untreated or sonicated) with a sonicated R100 solution at a 1:1 ratio. Smaller oil droplet size distributions were reported for the oil-reduced emulsions. These results showed that the addition of small hyphal fragments or surface-active molecules and molecular aggregates released during sonication contributed to the formation and stabilisation of smaller oil droplets. This study highlighted the potential to modulate the structure, emulsifying and foaming properties of functional extracts from the Quorn fermentation co-product by sonication and the potential of these extracts as oil-lowering agents in emulsion-based products through the reduction of oil droplet size and their stabilisation.
Graphical abstract
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21
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Lonchamp J, Akintoye M, Clegg PS, Euston SR. Functional fungal extracts from the Quorn fermentation co-product as novel partial egg white replacers. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The production of mycoprotein biomass by Marlow Foods for use in their meat alternative brand Quorn is a potential source of sustainable alternatives to functional ingredients of animal origin for the food industry. The conversion of this viscoelastic biomass into the Quorn meat-like texture relies on functional synergy with egg white (EW), effectively forming a fibre gel composite. In a previous study, we reported that an extract (retentate 100 or R100) obtained from the Quorn fermentation co-product (centrate) via ultrafiltration displayed good foaming, emulsifying, and rheological properties. This current study investigated if a possible similar synergy between EW and R100 could be exploited to partially replace EW as foaming and/or gelling ingredient. The large hyphal structures characteristic of R100 solutions were observed in EW–R100 mixtures, while EW–R100 gels showed dense networks of entangled hyphal aggregates and filaments. R100 foams prepared by frothing proved less stable than EW ones; however, a 75/25 w/w EW–R100 mixture displayed a similar foam stability to EW. Simlarly, R100 hydrogels proved less viscoelastic than EW ones; however, the viscoelasticity of gels prepared with 50/50 w/w and 75/25 w/w EW–R100 proved similar to those of EW gels, while 75/25 w/w EW–R100 gels displayed similar hardness to EW ones. Both results highlighted a functional synergy between the R100 material and EW proteins. In parallel tensiometry measurements highlighted the presence of surface-active material in EW–R100 mixtures contributing to their high foaming properties. These results highlighted the potential of functional extracts from the Quorn fermentation process for partial EW replacement as foaming and gelling agent, and the complex nature of the functional profile of EW–R100 mixtures, with contributions reported for both hyphal structures and surface-active material.
Graphic abstract
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22
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Mohd Nasir N, Mohd Yunos FH, Wan Jusoh HH, Mohammad A, Lam SS, Jusoh A. Subtopic: Advances in water and wastewater treatment harvesting of Chlorella sp. microalgae using Aspergillus niger as bio-flocculant for aquaculture wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 249:109373. [PMID: 31415924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been increasingly used to generate biofuel, thus a sustainable technique should be implemented to harvest the biomass to ensure its existence in the environment. Aspergillus niger was used as bio-flocculant to harvest microalgae from aquaculture wastewater via flocculation technique over a range of pH and mixing rate. The bio-flocculant showed ability to adapt at a wide range of pH from 3.0 to 9.0 and at a mixing rate of 100-150 rpm, producing a harvesting efficiency of higher than 90%. The treated water possessed low concentration of chlorophyll-a (0.3-0.6 mg L-1) and cell density (2 × 106-3 × 106 cell mL-1). These indicate that Aspergillus niger is a promising bio-flocculant to be used in harvesting microalgae, thus promoting the use of flocculation as a green technology in aquaculture wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurfarahana Mohd Nasir
- School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | | | | | - Aqilah Mohammad
- School of Marine and Environment Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Eastern Corridor Renewable Energy Group, School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Jusoh
- School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Fitz E, Gamauf C, Seiboth B, Wanka F. Deletion of the small GTPase rac1 in Trichoderma reesei provokes hyperbranching and impacts growth and cellulase production. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2019; 6:16. [PMID: 31641527 PMCID: PMC6798449 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-019-0078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichoderma reesei is widely known for its enormous protein secretion capacity and as an industrially relevant producer of cellulases and hemicellulases. Over the last decades, rational strain engineering was applied to further enhance homologous and heterologous enzyme yields. The introduction of hyperbranching is believed to increase protein secretion, since most exocytosis is located at the hyphal apical tip. There are several genetic modifications which can cause hyperbranching, for example the deletion of the small Rho GTPase rac. Rac plays a crucial role in actin dynamics and is involved in polarisation of the cell during germination and apical extension of the hyphae. Results We deleted rac1 in a T. reesei strain with an ectopically overexpressed endoglucanase, CEL12A, under Pcdna1 control. This deletion provoked a hyperbranching phenotype and strong apolar growth during germination and in mature hyphae. The strains displayed dichotomous branching and shorter total mycelium length with a larger hyphal diameter. Δrac1 strains exhibited a decreased radial growth on solid media. Biomass formation in liquid cultures was carbon source dependent; similar to the reference strain during growth on lactose, increased on d-glucose and slightly enhanced on cellulose. While extracellular cellulase activities remained at parental strain levels on d-glucose and cellulose, the specific activity on lactose cultures was increased up to three times at 72 h accompanied by an upregulation of transcription of the main cellulases. Although the morphology of the Δrac1 strains was considerably altered, the viscosity of the culture broth in fed-batch cultivations were not significantly different in comparison to the parental strain. Conclusions Deletion of the small Rho GTPase rac1 changes the morphology of the hyphae and provokes hyperbranching without affecting viscosity, independent of the carbon source. In contrast, biomass formation and cellulase production are altered in a carbon source dependent manner in the Δrac1 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Fitz
- 1Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,2Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) GmbH c/o Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Gamauf
- 3Group Biotechnology, Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH, Planegg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Seiboth
- 1Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,2Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) GmbH c/o Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Wanka
- 2Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB) GmbH c/o Research Division Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
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Zhgun AA, Nuraeva GK, Dumina MV, Voinova TM, Dzhavakhiya VV, Eldarov MA. 1,3-Diaminopropane and Spermidine Upregulate Lovastatin Production and Expression of Lovastatin Biosynthetic Genes in Aspergillus terreus via LaeA Regulation. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Foaming, emulsifying and rheological properties of extracts from a co-product of the Quorn fermentation process. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ansari S, Jalili H, Bizukojc M, Amrane A. Influence of the construction of porous spargers on lovastatin production by Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20,542 in a laboratory bubble column. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1205-1213. [PMID: 30949844 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In bubble column bioreactors, the hydrodynamic behavior like mixing time, bubble size and morphology of filamentous fungi are influenced by the construction of spargers. Sparger pore size is an important factor influencing formation of bubbles. In this study for the first time, a 5-L bubble column bioreactor with different porous spargers was used to investigate the effect of mean air bubble diameter (at 0.36, 0.18 and 0.09 cm) on fungal growth, broth viscosity, fungal pellet morphology and lovastatin production by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus. All cultivations were carried out at air flow rate equal to 0.5 Lair L-1 min-1. The viscosity of the broth was influenced by both biomass concentration and size of the fungal pellets. The highest values of viscosity were observed at bubbles of 0.09 cm diameter after 192 h of cultivation. The largest fluffy pellets and the highest yield of lovastatin (443 mg/L) were obtained at air bubbles diameter of 0.18 cm. Lovastatin yield on biomass growth in this condition was, respectively, 1.7-fold and 3.5-fold higher than in the cultivations performed with air bubbles of 0.36 and 0.09 cm diameters. These laboratory scale experiment indicates that air bubble diameter has the impact on lovastatin production and A. terreus culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Ansari
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395-1561, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Jalili
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395-1561, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marcin Bizukojc
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Abdeltif Amrane
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
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Optimization of date syrup as a novel medium for lovastatin production by Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 and analyzing assimilation kinetic of carbohydrates. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Veiter L, Rajamanickam V, Herwig C. The filamentous fungal pellet-relationship between morphology and productivity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2997-3006. [PMID: 29473099 PMCID: PMC5852183 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are used for the production of a multitude of highly relevant biotechnological products like citric acid and penicillin. In submerged culture, fungi can either grow in dispersed form or as spherical pellets consisting of aggregated hyphal structures. Pellet morphology, process control and productivity are highly interlinked. On the one hand, process control in a bioreactor usually demands for compact and small pellets due to rheological issues. On the other hand, optimal productivity might be associated with less dense and larger morphology. Over the years, several publications have dealt with aforementioned relations within the confines of specific organisms and products. However, contributions which evaluate such interlinkages across several fungal species are scarce. For this purpose, we are looking into methods to manipulate fungal pellet morphology in relation to individual species and products. This review attempts to address (i) how variability of pellet morphology can be assessed and (ii) how morphology is linked to productivity. Firstly, the mechanism of pellet formation is outlined. Subsequently, the description and analysis of morphological variations are discussed to finally establish interlinkages between productivity, performance and morphology across different fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Veiter
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vignesh Rajamanickam
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria. .,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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Lv J, Zhang BB, Liu XD, Zhang C, Chen L, Xu GR, Cheung PCK. Enhanced production of natural yellow pigments from Monascus purpureus by liquid culture: The relationship between fermentation conditions and mycelial morphology. J Biosci Bioeng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mota MJ, Lopes RP, Koubaa M, Roohinejad S, Barba FJ, Delgadillo I, Saraiva JA. Fermentation at non-conventional conditions in food- and bio-sciences by the application of advanced processing technologies. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:122-140. [PMID: 28423948 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1312272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The interest in improving the yield and productivity values of relevant microbial fermentations is an increasingly important issue for the scientific community. Therefore, several strategies have been tested for the stimulation of microbial growth and manipulation of their metabolic behavior. One promising approach involves the performance of fermentative processes during non-conventional conditions, which includes high pressure (HP), electric fields (EF) and ultrasound (US). These advanced technologies are usually applied for microbial inactivation in the context of food processing. However, the approach described in this study focuses on the use of these technologies at sub-lethal levels, since the aim is microbial growth and fermentation under these stress conditions. During these sub-lethal conditions, microbial strains develop specific genetic, physiologic and metabolic stress responses, possibly leading to fermentation products and processes with novel characteristics. In some cases, these modifications can represent considerable improvements, such as increased yields, productivities and fermentation rates, lower accumulation of by-products and/or production of different compounds. Although several studies report the successful application of these technologies during the fermentation processes, information on this subject is still scarce and poorly understood. For that reason, the present review paper intends to assemble and discuss the main findings reported in the literature to date, and aims to stimulate interest and encourage further developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Mota
- a Chemistry Department, QOPNA , University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Rita P Lopes
- a Chemistry Department, QOPNA , University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Mohamed Koubaa
- b Sorbonne Universités , Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de Recherche de Royallieu , Compiegne France
| | - Shahin Roohinejad
- c Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering , Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food , Karlsruhe , Germany.,d Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Division of Food and Nutrition , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Francisco J Barba
- e Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universitat de València , València , Spain
| | - Ivonne Delgadillo
- a Chemistry Department, QOPNA , University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- a Chemistry Department, QOPNA , University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago , Aveiro , Portugal
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Growth and lovastatin production by Aspergillus terreus under different carbohyrates as carbon sources. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Application of microparticle-enhanced cultivation to increase the access of oxygen to Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 mycelium and intensify lovastatin biosynthesis in batch and continuous fed-batch stirred tank bioreactors. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Das RK, Brar SK, Verma M. A fermentative approach towards optimizing directed biosynthesis of fumaric acid by Rhizopus oryzae 1526 utilizing apple industry waste biomass. Fungal Biol 2015; 119:1279-1290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Abstract
Filamentous fungi play an important role not only in the bio-manufacturing of value-added products, but also in bioenergy and environmental research. The bioprocess manipulation of filamentous fungi is more difficult than that of other microbial species because of their different pellet morphologies and the presence of tangled mycelia under different cultivation conditions. Fungal pellets, which have the advantages of harvest ease, low fermentation broth viscosity and high yield of some proteins, have been used for a long time. Many attempts have been made to establish the relationship between pellet and product yield using quantitative approaches. Fungal pellet formation is attributed to the combination of electrostatic interactions, hydrophobicity and specific interactions from spore wall components. Electrostatic interactions result from van der Waals forces and negative charge repulsion from carboxyl groups in the spore wall structure. Electrostatic interactions are also affected by counter-ions (cations) and the physiologic conditions of spores that modify the carboxyl groups. Fungal aggregates are promoted by the hydrophobicity generated by hydrophobins, which form a hydrophobic coat that covers the spore. The specific interactions of spore wall components contribute to spore aggregation through salt bridging. A model of spore aggregation was proposed based on these forces. Additionally, some challenges were addressed, including the limitations of research techniques, the quantitative determination of forces and the complex information of biological systems, to clarify the mechanism of fungal pellet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhang
- a School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology and
| | - Jining Zhang
- b Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Shanghai , China
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Bizukojc M, Ledakowicz S. Bioprocess Engineering Aspects of the Cultivation of a Lovastatin Producer Aspergillus terreus. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 149:133-70. [PMID: 25633258 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to review bioprocess engineering aspects of lovastatin (antihypercholesterolemia drug) production by Aspergillus terreus in the submerged culture in the bioreactors of various scale presented in the scientific literature since the nineties of the twentieth century. The key factor influencing the cultivation of any filamentous species is fungal morphology and that is why this aspect was treated as the starting point for further considerations. Fungal morphology is known to have an impact on the following issues connected with the cultivation of A. terreus reviewed in this article. These are broth viscosity in conjunction with non-Newtonian behaviour of the cultivation broths, and multistage oxygen transfer processes: from gas phase (air) to liquid phase (broth) and diffusion in the fungal agglomerates. The latest achievements concerning the controlling A. terreus morphology during lovastatin biosynthesis with the use of morphological engineering techniques were also reviewed. Last but not least, some attention was paid to the type of a bioreactor, its operational mode and kinetic modelling of lovastatin production by A. terreus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Bizukojc
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 90-924, Lodz, Poland,
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36
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Improvement of glucoamylase production using axial impellers with low power consumption and homogeneous mass transfer. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Lovastatin production: From molecular basis to industrial process optimization. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:648-65. [PMID: 25868803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lovastatin, composed of secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi, is the most frequently used drug for hypercholesterolemia treatment due to the fact that lovastatin is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. Moreover, recent studies have shown several important applications for lovastatin including antimicrobial agents and treatments for cancers and bone diseases. Studies regarding the lovastatin biosynthetic pathway have also demonstrated that lovastatin is synthesized from two-chain reactions using acetate and malonyl-CoA as a substrate. It is also known that there are two key enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway called polyketide synthases (PKS). Those are characterized as multifunctional enzymes and are encoded by specific genes organized in clusters on the fungal genome. Since it is a secondary metabolite, cultivation process optimization for lovastatin biosynthesis has included nitrogen limitation and non-fermentable carbon sources such as lactose and glycerol. Additionally, the influences of temperature, pH, agitation/aeration, and particle and inoculum size on lovastatin production have been also described. Although many reviews have been published covering different aspects of lovastatin production, this review brings, for the first time, complete information about the genetic basis for lovastatin production, detection and quantification, strain screening and cultivation process optimization. Moreover, this review covers all the information available from patent databases covering each protected aspect during lovastatin bio-production.
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38
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Bizukojc M, Gonciarz J. Influence of oxygen on lovastatin biosynthesis by Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 quantitatively studied on the level of individual pellets. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1251-66. [PMID: 25627471 PMCID: PMC4464389 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite oxygen is believed to be the most important environmental factor for any aerobic microbial process, the quantitative studies of its influence on growth and metabolite formation on the level of individual pellets formed by filamentous fungi were seldom performed. Never was it made for lovastatin producer Aspergillus terreus ATCC20542. Thus, this work is a quantitative study of oxygen transfer into A. terreus pellets during lovastatin biosynthesis in the shake flask culture. The basic measurement tool was an oxygen microprobe allowing for obtaining oxygen concentration profiles in the pellets. The pellets of various sizes from 1,600 to 6,400 μm exerting different oxygen transfer conditions were studied. Also various initial concentrations of carbon source were applied to change the conditions of biological reaction running in the pellets. Effective diffusivities in A. terreus pellets ranged from 643 to 1,342 μm s−1 dependent on their size and structure. It occurred that only the smallest pellets of diameter equal to about 1,400 μm were fully penetrated by oxygen. What is more, apart from the size of pellets, the appropriate lactose concentration was required to effectively produce lovastatin. Its value was correlated with oxygen concentration on the surface of the pellet and could not be either too high, as the aforementioned oxygen level tended then to zero, or too low, as despite high oxygen concentration no biological reaction ran in the pellet and no lovastatin was formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Bizukojc
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 90-924, Lodz, Poland,
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39
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Lu H, Li C, Tang W, Wang Z, Xia J, Zhang S, Zhuang Y, Chu J, Noorman H. Dependence of fungal characteristics on seed morphology and shear stress in bioreactors. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:917-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Zhou Y, Nie K, Zhang X, Liu S, Wang M, Deng L, Wang F, Tan T. Production of fumaric acid from biodiesel-derived crude glycerol by Rhizopus arrhizus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 163:48-53. [PMID: 24787316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the capability of Rhizopus arrhizus to assimilate biodiesel-derived crude glycerol and convert it into fumaric acid. After optimizing the initial glycerol concentration, spore inoculum and yeast extract concentration, smaller pellets (0.7 mm) and higher biomass (3.11 g/L) were obtained when R. arrhizus grew on crude glycerol. It was found that crude glycerol was more suitable than glucose for smaller R. arrhizus pellet forming. When 80 g/L crude glycerol was used as carbon source, the fumaric acid production of 4.37 g/L was obtained at 192 h. With a highest concentration of 22.81 g/L achieved in the co-fermentation of crude glycerol (40 g/L) and glucose (40 g/L) at 144 h, the fumaric acid production was enhanced by 553.6%, compared to the fermentation using glycerol (80 g/L) as sole carbon source. Moreover, the production cost of fumaric acid in co-fermentation was reduced by approximately 14% compared to glucose fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhou
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Kaili Nie
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; Amoy - BUCT Industrial Bio-technovation Institute, Amoy 361022, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shihong Liu
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Li Deng
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; Amoy - BUCT Industrial Bio-technovation Institute, Amoy 361022, PR China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Bioprocess Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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41
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Das RK, Brar SK. Enhanced Fumaric Acid Production from Brewery Wastewater and Insight into the Morphology of Rhizopus oryzae 1526. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:2974-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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42
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Gonciarz J, Bizukojc M. Adding talc microparticles toAspergillus terreusATCC 20542 preculture decreases fungal pellet size and improves lovastatin production. Eng Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201300055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gonciarz
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering; Lodz University of Technology; Lodz Poland
| | - Marcin Bizukojc
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering; Lodz University of Technology; Lodz Poland
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43
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Comparative study of olive oil mill wastewater treatment using free and immobilized Coriolopsis polyzona and Pycnoporus coccineus. J Microbiol 2012; 50:746-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-012-2079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Krull R, Wucherpfennig T, Esfandabadi ME, Walisko R, Melzer G, Hempel DC, Kampen I, Kwade A, Wittmann C. Characterization and control of fungal morphology for improved production performance in biotechnology. J Biotechnol 2012; 163:112-23. [PMID: 22771505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi have been widely applied in industrial biotechnology for many decades. In submerged culture processes, they typically exhibit a complex morphological life cycle that is related to production performance--a link that is of high interest for process optimization. The fungal forms can vary from dense spherical pellets to viscous mycelia. The resulting morphology has been shown to be influenced strongly by process parameters, including power input through stirring and aeration, mass transfer characteristics, pH value, osmolality and the presence of solid micro-particles. The surface properties of fungal spores and hyphae also play a role. Due to their high industrial relevance, the past years have seen a substantial development of tools and techniques to characterize the growth of fungi and obtain quantitative estimates on their morphological properties. Based on the novel insights available from such studies, more recent studies have been aimed at the precise control of morphology, i.e., morphology engineering, to produce superior bio-processes with filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany.
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45
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Rheological Studies During Submerged Citric Acid Fermentation by Aspergillus niger in Stirred Fermentor Using Apple Pomace Ultrafiltration Sludge. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-011-0771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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46
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Zhou Z, Du G, Hua Z, Zhou J, Chen J. Optimization of fumaric acid production by Rhizopus delemar based on the morphology formation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9345-9349. [PMID: 21880482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of temperature, agitation rate and medium composition, including concentrations of glucose, soybean peptone, and inorganic ions, on pellet formation and pellet diameter of Rhizopus delemar (Rhizopus oryzae) NRRL1526 during pre-culture were studied. Inorganic ions and soybean peptone had negative and positive effects on pellet formation, respectively. The initial glucose and soybean peptone concentrations directly affected pellet diameter. Within a certain range, pellet diameter decreased with increased initial substrate concentrations; however, above this range there was an opposite trend. Thus, optimal concentrations of substrate during pre-culture were beneficial for producing small pellets of R. delemar. Furthermore, dry cell mass and yield of fumaric acid tended to increase with decreased pellet diameter. Based on the pellet morphology optimization, the final fumaric acid concentration was improved by 46.13% when fermented in a flask and 31.82% in stirred bioreactor tank fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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47
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BARRY D, WILLIAMS G. Microscopic characterisation of filamentous microbes: towards fully automated morphological quantification through image analysis. J Microsc 2011; 244:1-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2011.03506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Vendruscolo F, Pitol LO, Carciofi BAM, Moritz DE, Laurindo JB, Schmidell W, Ninow JL. Construction and application a vane system in a rotational rheometer for determination of the rheological properties of Monascus ruber CCT 3802. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12573-010-0019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Sainz Herrán N, Casas López JL, Sánchez Pérez JA, Chisti Y. Influence of ultrasound amplitude and duty cycle on fungal morphology and broth rheology of Aspergillus terreus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Krull R, Cordes C, Horn H, Kampen I, Kwade A, Neu TR, Nörtemann B. Morphology of filamentous fungi: linking cellular biology to process engineering using Aspergillus niger. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 121:1-21. [PMID: 20490972 DOI: 10.1007/10_2009_60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In various biotechnological processes, filamentous fungi, e.g. Aspergillus niger, are widely applied for the production of high value-added products due to their secretion efficiency. There is, however, a tangled relationship between the morphology of these microorganisms, the transport phenomena and the related productivity. The morphological characteristics vary between freely dispersed mycelia and distinct pellets of aggregated biomass. Hence, advantages and disadvantages for mycel or pellet cultivation have to be balanced out carefully. Due to this inadequate understanding of morphogenesis of filamentous microorganisms, fungal morphology, along with reproducibility of inocula of the same quality, is often a bottleneck of productivity in industrial production. To obtain an optimisation of the production process it is of great importance to gain a better understanding of the molecular and cell biology of these microorganisms as well as the approaches in biochemical engineering and particle technique, in particular to characterise the interactions between the growth conditions, cell morphology, spore-hyphae-interactions and product formation. Advances in particle and image analysis techniques as well as micromechanical devices and their applications to fungal cultivations have made available quantitative morphological data on filamentous cells. This chapter provides the ambitious aspects of this line of action, focussing on the control and characterisation of the morphology, the transport gradients and the approaches to understand the metabolism of filamentous fungi. Based on these data, bottlenecks in the morphogenesis of A. niger within the complex production pathways from gene to product should be identified and this may improve the production yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaussstrasse 17, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany,
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