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Evaluation of flocculation performance of polysaccharide-protamine complex flocculant by flocculation model. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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2
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Li NJ, Lan Q, Wu JH, Liu J, Zhang XH, Zhang F, Yu HQ. Soluble microbial products from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium as the bioflocculant for municipal wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146662. [PMID: 34030296 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soluble microbial products (SMP), a type of polymers released from microbial metabolism and decay, show great potential for wastewater treatment as bioflocculants; however, biogenic flocculant utilization is currently limited to bacterial SMP. In this study, SMP produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKMF-1767 (SMP-P) was investigated to determine the application potential of fungal SMP. SMP-P exhibited high flocculation activity in kaolin suspension at a dosage range of 0.67-0.84 mg/L with Ca2+ assistance, comparable to that of commercial polyacrylamide. The high molecular weight polysaccharides (2.0 × 106-4.7 × 107 Da) in SMP-P, which enabled flocculation via the bridging mechanism and served as the dominant active constituent, were composed of glucose and arabinose at a molar ratio of 1: 0.03, with (1 → 4, 6)-linked glucose as the main backbone and a small proportion of branched structures. They contained hydroxyl and carboxyl, effective functional groups for the flocculation process, and displayed parallel self-orientation behavior in water. Efficient chemical oxygen demand removal was achieved during municipal wastewater treatment using SMP-P as the bioflocculant. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing fugal SMP as bioflocculants and provides guidance for their practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Jie Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qi Lan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jing-Hang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xue-Hong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Maruyama H, Seki H. Effect of soy protein-based flocculant on flocculation and filtration of diatomite and kaolin suspensions. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1868-1876. [PMID: 33201850 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ethylated soy protein-based bioflocculant (EtSP) as a filter aid reagent was investigated. The efficiency of EtSP as a filter aid was evaluated in terms of the specific cake resistance, α, and was compared with chitosan and polyaluminum chloride (PAC). Diatomite and kaolin were used as model particles. Total filtration resistance, R, decreased with increasing flocculant dosage (wt.%, flocculant/particle) and was almost constant in the range of 1 wt.% or more for both particles. The α value was significantly decreased from 1.01 × 1011 to 9.01 × 1010 m/kg for diatomite and from 5.11 × 1010 to 5.20 × 109 m/kg for kaolin by the addition of EtSP in the case of 1.0 wt.%. The α value for cakes formed by EtSP was much smaller than that formed by chitosan and PAC. In the case of diatomite, in the dose range of 0.5-1.0 wt.%, the α value for cakes formed by EtSP and chitosan was almost the same. However, at the excess dose of 2.0 wt.% over, the α value formed by chitosan abruptly increased. In the case of kaolin, in the dose range of 1.0-2.0 wt.%, the α values of chitosan and PAC were mostly the same, however, these values were larger by ca. nine times than that of EtSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Maruyama
- Division of Marine Bioresources, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato-cho 3-1-1, Hakodate 041-8611, Hokkaido, Japan E-mail:
| | - Hideshi Seki
- Division of Marine Bioresources, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato-cho 3-1-1, Hakodate 041-8611, Hokkaido, Japan E-mail:
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Maruyama H, Seki H, Igi A. Flocculation of quartz and kaolin by alginate-protamine complex. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Garcia RA, Qi PX, Essandoh M, Bumanlag LP. Enhancement of protein flocculant properties through carboxyl group methylation and the relationship with protein structural changes. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1793163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A. Garcia
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Biobased and Other Animal Coproducts Research Unit, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Phoebe X. Qi
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Essandoh
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Biobased and Other Animal Coproducts Research Unit, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lorelie P. Bumanlag
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Biobased and Other Animal Coproducts Research Unit, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
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Adhikari BB, Kislitsin V, Appadu P, Chae M, Choi P, Bressler DC. Development of hydrolysed protein-based plywood adhesive from slaughterhouse waste: effect of chemical modification of hydrolysed protein on moisture resistance of formulated adhesives. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2996-3008. [PMID: 35541209 PMCID: PMC9077546 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09952e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Specified risk materials (SRM) constitute the proteinaceous waste of slaughterhouses and are currently being disposed off either by incineration or by land filling. Over the last few years, our efforts have focused on developing technology platforms for deployment of this renewable resource for various value-added industrial applications. This report describes a technology for utilization of SRM for the development of an environmentally friendly plywood adhesive with an improved water resistance property. The feedstock (SRM) was first thermally hydrolysed according to a standard protocol, and the hydrolysed protein fragments (peptides) were recovered from the hydrolysate. The recovered peptides were chemically modified through esterification reaction using ethanol, and then chemically crosslinked with polyamideamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin to develop a wood adhesive system. Plywood specimens were then developed using the peptides-PAE resin-based adhesive. The effects of crosslinking time, solid content of the adhesive formulation, ratio of peptides and crosslinking agent in the formulation, and curing conditions of specimen preparation on lap shear strength of resulting plywood specimens were systematically evaluated. Despite the hydrophilic nature of hydrolysed protein fragments, the peptides-PAE resin formulations exhibited remarkable water resistance property after curing. Capping of polar carboxyl groups of peptides by converting them to esters further improved the water resistance property of this adhesive system. Under the optimum conditions of adhesive preparation and curing, the ethyl ester derivative of peptides and PAE resin-based formulations resulted in plywood specimens having comparable dry as well as soaked shear strengths to those of commercial phenol formaldehyde resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra B Adhikari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2P5 Canada +1-780-492-4265 +1-780-492-4986
| | - Vadim Kislitsin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Pooran Appadu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2P5 Canada +1-780-492-4265 +1-780-492-4986
| | - Michael Chae
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2P5 Canada +1-780-492-4265 +1-780-492-4986
| | - Phillip Choi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - David C Bressler
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2P5 Canada +1-780-492-4265 +1-780-492-4986
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Fu R, Yao K, Zhang Q, Jia D, Zhao J, Chi Y. Collagen Hydrolysates of Skin Shavings Prepared by Enzymatic Hydrolysis as a Natural Flocculant and Their Flocculating Property. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 182:55-66. [PMID: 27832513 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of collagen hydrolysates (CHs) were prepared from pigskin shavings by using pepsin (PCH), trypsin (TCH), Alcalase (ACH), HCl (HCH), and NaOH (NCH). Their physicochemical properties, including degree of collagen hydrolysis, molecular weight distribution, electric charge, and microstructure, were investigated, and their flocculation performance was evaluated in a kaolin suspension, at varied pHs and concentrations. PCH exhibited high flocculation capability under acidic and neutral conditions, and its efficiency for removing suspended particles was approximately 80% at a concentration of 0.05 g/L. TCH, ACH, HCH, and NCH showed almost no flocculation capability. The flocculation capability of PCH could be mainly due to a combination of optimal molecular weight distribution and electric charge. This study could provide an environment-friendly natural flocculant and also proposes a promising approach for the reuse of collagen wastes. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Fu
- Department of Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yao
- Department of Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- Sichuan Academy of Food and Fermentation Industries, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongying Jia
- Department of Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Zhao
- Department of Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanlong Chi
- Department of Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
- Chengdu Food and Drug Administration Research Institute, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Chen H, Zhong C, Berkhouse H, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Lu W, Yang Y, Zhou J. Removal of cadmium by bioflocculant produced by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia using phenol-containing wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:163-169. [PMID: 27108374 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bioflocculants have been applied in numerous applications including heavy metals removal. A major bottleneck for commercial application of bioflocculant is its high production cost. Phenol-containing wastewater are abundantly available. However, the toxic phenol inhibited the microbial activities in the subsequent fermentation processes. Consequently, strains that can secrete phenol-degrading enzymes and simultaneously produce bioflocculants through directly degrading the phenol are of academic and practical interests. A phenol-degrading strain, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ZZC-06, which can produce the bioflocculant MBF-06 using phenol-containing wastewater, was isolated in this study. The effects of culture conditions including initial pH, dissolved oxygen, phenol concentration, inoculum size, and temperature on MBF-06 production were analyzed. The experimental results showed that over 90% flocculating activity was achieved when the phenol was used as a carbon source and 4.99 g/L of MBF-06 was achieved under the optimized condition: 2.0% dissolved oxygen, 800 mg/L phenol concentration, 10% inoculum size, an initial pH of 6.0, and a temperature of 30 °C. The bioflocculant MBF-06 contained 71.2% polysaccharides and 27.9% proteins. The feasibility of cadmium removal using MBF-06 was evaluated. The highest flocculating efficiency for cadmium was 81.43%. This study shows for the first time that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ZZC-06 can directly convert phenol into a bioflocculant, which can be used to effectively remove cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggao Chen
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Chunying Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, Chemistry and Biology Science College, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Hudson Berkhouse
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Youlang Zhang
- Department of Political Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA
| | - Yao Lv
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Wanyu Lu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Yongbing Yang
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiangang Zhou
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
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Zemmouri H, Mameri N, Lounici H. Chitosan use in chemical conditioning for dewatering municipal-activated sludge. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:810-816. [PMID: 25812088 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to evaluate the potential use of chitosan as an eco-friendly flocculant in chemical conditioning of municipal-activated sludge. Chitosan effectiveness was compared with synthetic cationic polyelectrolyte Sedipur CF802 (Sed CF802) and ferric chloride (FeCl₃). In this context, raw sludge samples from Beni-Messous wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were tested. The classic jar test method was used to condition sludge samples. Capillary suction time (CST), specific resistance to filtration (SRF), cakes dry solid content and filtrate turbidity were analyzed to determine filterability, dewatering capacity of conditioned sludge and the optimum dose of each conditioner. Data exhibit that chitosan, FeCl₃and Sed CF802 improve sludge dewatering. Optimum dosages of chitosan, Sed CF802 and FeCl₃allowing CST values of 6, 5 and 9 s, were found, respectively, between 2-3, 1.5-3 and 6 kg/t ds. Both polymers have shown faster water removal with more permeable sludge. SRF values were 0.634 × 10¹², 0.932 × 10¹² and 2 × 10¹² m/kg for Sed CF802, chitosan and FeCl₃respectively. A reduction of 94.68 and 87.85% of the filtrate turbidity was obtained with optimal dosage of chitosan and Sed CF802, respectively. In contrast, 54.18% of turbidity abatement has been obtained using optimal dosage of FeCl₃.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zemmouri
- Laboratoire des Sciences et du Génie des Procédés Industriels, Faculté de Génie Mécanique et Génie des Procédés, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, B.P. 32 El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria E-mail:
| | - N Mameri
- Ecole Nationale Polytechnique, Unité de Recherche Ingénierie et Environnement, 10 Avenue Hassen Badi, B.P. 182, El-Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - H Lounici
- Ecole Nationale Polytechnique, Unité de Recherche Ingénierie et Environnement, 10 Avenue Hassen Badi, B.P. 182, El-Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
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Zhao S, Huang G, Fu H, Wang Y. Enhanced Coagulation/Flocculation by Combining Diatomite with Synthetic Polymers for Oily Wastewater Treatment. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.877035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Yang Z, Wu Z, Zeng G, Huang J, Xu H, Feng J, Song P, Li M, Wang L. Assessing the effect of flow fields on flocculation of kaolin suspension using microbial flocculant GA1. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CFD simulations were employed to assess the effect of flow fields on flocculation of kaolin suspension using microbial flocculant GA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
- Ministry of Education
| | - Zhou Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
- Ministry of Education
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
- Ministry of Education
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
- Ministry of Education
| | - Haiyin Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
- Ministry of Education
| | - Jing Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
- Ministry of Education
| | - Peipei Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
- Ministry of Education
| | - Min Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
- Ministry of Education
| | - Like Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
- Ministry of Education
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Recovery and characterization of proteinacious material recovered from thermal and alkaline hydrolyzed specified risk materials. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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The pilot study for waste oil removal from oilfields by Acinetobacter johnsonii using a specialized batch bioreactor. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jiang Y, Qi H, Zhang X, Chen G. Inorganic impurity removal from waste oil and wash-down water by Acinetobacter johnsonii. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 239-240:289-293. [PMID: 23021100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The removal of the abundant inorganic impurities in waste oil has been one of the most significant issues in waste oil reclamation. Acinetobacter johnsonii isolated from waste oil in aerobic process was employed to remove the inorganic impurities in waste oil and wash-down water. The biological process was developed through the primary mechanism research on the impurity removal and the optimization of the various parameters, such as inoculum type, inoculum volume and disposal temperature and time. The results showed that waste oil and wash-down water were effectively cleansed under the optimized conditions, with inorganic impurity and turbidity below 0.5% and 100 NTU from the initial values of 2% and 300 NTU, respectively. Sulfide, the main hazardous matter during waste oil reclamation, was also reduced within 1mg/L. After the biotreatment, the oil-water interface was clear in favor of its separation to benefit the smooth reclamation of waste oil and wash-down water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Engineering Research Centre for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.
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Abstract
A bioflocculant M-1 produced by Enterobacter sp. EP3 was investigated with regard to its flocculanting characteristics and mechanism. 2.0 mg/l M-1 showed the maximum flocculating activity of 96% in 5.0g/l Kaolin suspension containing 8mM CaCl2 and that its flocculating activity was more than 80% in a wide pH range (4.0-12.0). Chemical analyses indicated that the biopolymer M-1 was mainly a polysaccharide, mainly consist of rhamnose and glucose with a molar ratio of 9:1. Infrared spectrophotometry showed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and methoxyl groups in M-1 molecular. Flocculation of Kaolin suspension with M-1 acted as a model to explore the flocculating mechanism in which bridging mediated by Ca2+ was proposed as the primary action based on the experimental observations.
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Identification of Highly Active Flocculant Proteins in Bovine Blood. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:1203-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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