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Yang D, Xu Y, Mo L, Shi M, Wu N, Lu L, Xue F, Xu Q, Zhang C. Enhancing l-Malic Acid Production in Aspergillus niger via Natural Activation of sthA Gene Expression. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4869-4879. [PMID: 38407053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The efficient production of l-malic acid using Aspergillus niger requires overcoming challenges in synthesis efficiency and excessive byproduct buildup. This study addresses these hurdles, improving the activity of NADH-dependent malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) in the early stages of the fermentation process. By employing a constitutive promoter to express the Escherichia coli sthA responsible for the transfer of reducing equivalents between NAD(H) and NADP(H) in A. niger, the l-malic acid production was significantly elevated. However, this resulted in conidiation defects of A. niger, limiting industrial viability. To mitigate this, we discovered and utilized the PmfsA promoter, enabling the specific expression of sthA during the fermentation stage. This conditional expression strain showed similar phenotypes to its parent strain while exhibiting exceptional performance in a 5 L fermenter. Notably, it achieved a 65.5% increase in productivity, reduced fermentation cycle by 1.5 days, and lowered succinic acid by 76.2%. This work marks a promising advancement in industrial l-malic acid synthesis via biological fermentation, showcasing the potential of synthetic biology in A. niger for broader applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yingyan Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Mo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Man Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Na Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ling Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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2
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Partipilo M, Yang G, Mascotti ML, Wijma HJ, Slotboom DJ, Fraaije MW. A conserved sequence motif in the Escherichia coli soluble FAD-containing pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase is important for reaction efficiency. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102304. [PMID: 35933012 PMCID: PMC9460512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenases (STHs) are flavoenzymes involved in the redox homeostasis of the essential cofactors NAD(H) and NADP(H). They catalyze the reversible transfer of reducing equivalents between the two nicotinamide cofactors. The soluble transhydrogenase from Escherichia coli (SthA) has found wide use in both in vivo and in vitro applications to steer reducing equivalents toward NADPH-requiring reactions. However, mechanistic insight into SthA function is still lacking. In this work, we present a biochemical characterization of SthA, focusing for the first time on the reactivity of the flavoenzyme with molecular oxygen. We report on oxidase activity of SthA that takes place both during transhydrogenation and in the absence of an oxidized nicotinamide cofactor as an electron acceptor. We find that this reaction produces the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion. Furthermore, we explore the evolutionary significance of the well-conserved CXXXXT motif that distinguishes STHs from the related family of flavoprotein disulfide reductases in which a CXXXXC motif is conserved. Our mutational analysis revealed the cysteine and threonine combination in SthA leads to better coupling efficiency of transhydrogenation and reduced reactive oxygen species release compared to enzyme variants with mutated motifs. These results expand our mechanistic understanding of SthA by highlighting reactivity with molecular oxygen and the importance of the evolutionarily conserved sequence motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Partipilo
- Membrane Enzymology Group, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guang Yang
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Laura Mascotti
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; IMIBIO-SL CONICET, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Hein J Wijma
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Jan Slotboom
- Membrane Enzymology Group, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Institute of Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Tang S, Liao D, Li X, Lin Y, Han S, Zheng S. Cell-Free Biosynthesis System: Methodology and Perspective of in Vitro Efficient Platform for Pyruvate Biosynthesis and Transformation. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2417-2433. [PMID: 34529398 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The modification of intracellular metabolic pathways by metabolic engineering has generated many engineered strains with relatively high yields of various target products in the past few decades. However, the unpredictable accumulation of toxic products, the cell membrane barrier, and competition between the carbon flux of cell growth and product synthesis have severely retarded progress toward the industrial-scale production of many essential chemicals. On the basis of an in-depth understanding of intracellular metabolic pathways, scientists intend to explore more sustainable methods and construct a cell-free biosynthesis system in vitro. In this review, the synthesis and application of pyruvate as a platform compound is used as an example to introduce cell-free biosynthesis systems. We systematically summarize a proposed methodology workflow of cell-free biosynthesis systems, including pathway design, enzyme mining, enzyme modification, multienzyme assembly, and pathway optimization. Some new methods, such as machine learning, are also mentioned in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Daocheng Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xuewen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ying Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shuangyan Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Suiping Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Jayakody LN, Jin YS. In-depth understanding of molecular mechanisms of aldehyde toxicity to engineer robust Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2675-2692. [PMID: 33743026 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aldehydes are ubiquitous electrophilic compounds that ferment microorganisms including Saccharomyces cerevisiae encounter during the fermentation processes to produce food, fuels, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Aldehydes pose severe toxicity to the growth and metabolism of the S. cerevisiae through a variety of toxic molecular mechanisms, predominantly via damaging macromolecules and hampering the production of targeted compounds. Compounds with aldehyde functional groups are far more toxic to S. cerevisiae than all other functional classes, and toxic potency depends on physicochemical characteristics of aldehydes. The yeast synthetic biology community established a design-build-test-learn framework to develop S. cerevisiae cell factories to valorize the sustainable and renewable biomass, including the lignin-derived substrates. However, thermochemically pretreated biomass-derived substrate streams contain diverse aldehydes (e.g., glycolaldehyde and furfural), and biological conversions routes of lignocellulosic compounds consist of toxic aldehyde intermediates (e.g., formaldehyde and methylglyoxal), and some of the high-value targeted products have aldehyde functional group (e.g., vanillin and benzaldehyde). Numerous studies comprehensively characterized both single and additive effects of aldehyde toxicity via systems biology investigations, and novel molecular approaches have been discovered to overcome the aldehyde toxicity. Based on those novel approaches, researchers successfully developed synthetic yeast cell factories to convert lignocellulosic substrates to valuable products, including aldehyde compounds. In this mini-review, we highlight the salient relationship of physicochemical characteristics and molecular toxicity of aldehydes, the molecular detoxification and macromolecules protection mechanisms of aldehydes, and the advances of engineering robust S. cerevisiae against complex mixtures of aldehyde inhibitors. KEY POINTS: • We reviewed structure-activity relationships of aldehyde toxicity on S. cerevisiae. • Two-tier protection mechanisms to alleviate aldehyde toxicity are presented. • We highlighted the strategies to overcome the synergistic toxicity of aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahiru N Jayakody
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA.
- Fermentation Science Institute, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA.
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Luo Z, Yu S, Zeng W, Zhou J. Comparative analysis of the chemical and biochemical synthesis of keto acids. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 47:107706. [PMID: 33548455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Keto acids are essential organic acids that are widely applied in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, beverages, and feed additives as well as chemical synthesis. Currently, most keto acids on the market are prepared via chemical synthesis. The biochemical synthesis of keto acids has been discovered with the development of metabolic engineering and applied toward the production of specific keto acids from renewable carbohydrates using different metabolic engineering strategies in microbes. In this review, we provide a systematic summary of the types and applications of keto acids, and then summarize and compare the chemical and biochemical synthesis routes used for the production of typical keto acids, including pyruvic acid, oxaloacetic acid, α-oxobutanoic acid, acetoacetic acid, ketoglutaric acid, levulinic acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid, α-ketoisovaleric acid, α-keto-γ-methylthiobutyric acid, α-ketoisocaproic acid, 2-keto-L-gulonic acid, 2-keto-D-gluconic acid, 5-keto-D-gluconic acid, and phenylpyruvic acid. We also describe the current challenges for the industrial-scale production of keto acids and further strategies used to accelerate the green production of keto acids via biochemical routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshan Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shiqin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Weizhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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6
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Li Y, Yang S, Ma D, Song W, Gao C, Liu L, Chen X. Microbial engineering for the production of C 2-C 6 organic acids. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1518-1546. [PMID: 33410446 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00062k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2020Organic acids, as building block compounds, have been widely used in food, pharmaceutical, plastic, and chemical industries. Until now, chemical synthesis is still the primary method for industrial-scale organic acid production. However, this process encounters some inevitable challenges, such as depletable petroleum resources, harsh reaction conditions and complex downstream processes. To solve these problems, microbial cell factories provide a promising approach for achieving the sustainable production of organic acids. However, some key metabolites in central carbon metabolism are strictly regulated by the network of cellular metabolism, resulting in the low productivity of organic acids. Thus, multiple metabolic engineering strategies have been developed to reprogram microbial cell factories to produce organic acids, including monocarboxylic acids, hydroxy carboxylic acids, amino carboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and monomeric units for polymers. These strategies mainly center on improving the catalytic efficiency of the enzymes to increase the conversion rate, balancing the multi-gene biosynthetic pathways to reduce the byproduct formation, strengthening the metabolic flux to promote the product biosynthesis, optimizing the metabolic network to adapt the environmental conditions and enhancing substrate utilization to broaden the substrate spectrum. Here, we describe the recent advances in producing C2-C6 organic acids by metabolic engineering strategies. In addition, we provide new insights as to when, what and how these strategies should be taken. Future challenges are also discussed in further advancing microbial engineering and establishing efficient biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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7
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Hao Y, Ma Q, Liu X, Fan X, Men J, Wu H, Jiang S, Tian D, Xiong B, Xie X. High-yield production of L-valine in engineered Escherichia coli by a novel two-stage fermentation. Metab Eng 2020; 62:198-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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8
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Gambacorta FV, Dietrich JJ, Yan Q, Pfleger BF. Rewiring yeast metabolism to synthesize products beyond ethanol. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 59:182-192. [PMID: 33032255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Baker's yeast, is the industrial workhorse for producing ethanol and the subject of substantial metabolic engineering research in both industry and academia. S. cerevisiae has been used to demonstrate production of a wide range of chemical products from glucose. However, in many cases, the demonstrations report titers and yields that fall below thresholds for industrial feasibility. Ethanol synthesis is a central part of S. cerevisiae metabolism, and redirecting flux to other products remains a barrier to industrialize strains for producing other molecules. Removing ethanol producing pathways leads to poor fitness, such as impaired growth on glucose. Here, we review metabolic engineering efforts aimed at restoring growth in non-ethanol producing strains with emphasis on relieving glucose repression associated with the Crabtree effect and rewiring metabolism to provide access to critical cellular building blocks. Substantial progress has been made in the past decade, but many opportunities for improvement remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca V Gambacorta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Joshua J Dietrich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Qiang Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Brian F Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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9
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Yuan W, Lin X, Zhong S, Chen J, Wang Z, Sun J. Enhanced pyruvic acid yield in an osmotic stress-resistant mutant of Yarrowia lipolytica. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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10
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Li B, Liu Y, Wang L, Hong J, Chen Y, Ying H. RNA accumulation in Candida tropicalis based on cofactor engineering. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5426822. [PMID: 30942847 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox cofactors play an important role in biosynthetic and catabolic reactions and the transfer of energy for the cell. Therefore, studying the relationship between cofactor perturbation and metabolism is a useful approach to improve the yield of target products. To study RNA accumulation and metabolism when intracellular cofactor balance was impaired, the water-forming NADH oxidase (NoxE) from Lactococcus lactis and membrane-bound transhydrogenase (PntAB) from Escherichia coli were expressed in Candidatropicalis no. 121, respectively. Expression of noxE significantly decreased the intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratio, but the NADPH/NADP+ ratio did not differ significantly. PntAB increased the intracellular NADH pool, while the NADPH/NADP+ ratio decreased. The perturbation of the cofactors caused a large redistribution of metabolic fluxes. The biomass and RNA content decreased by 11.0% and 10.6% in pAUR-noxE strain, respectively, while the RNA content increased by 5.5% and the biomass showed no signification difference in pAUR-pntAB strain. Expression of noxE and pntAB led to decreases and increases in the ATP concentration and yield of RNA, respectively, which also indicated that ATP plays an important role in the RNA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 367036, Henan, P.R. China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan, P.R. China.,Henan Health Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 367036, Henan, P.R. China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan, P.R. China.,Henan Health Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Lianzhe Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 367036, Henan, P.R. China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan, P.R. China.,Henan Health Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 367036, Henan, P.R. China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan, P.R. China.,Henan Health Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.,National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211009, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China.,National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211009, China
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Chromosome engineering of the TCA cycle in Halomonas bluephagenesis for production of copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV). Metab Eng 2019; 54:69-82. [PMID: 30914380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a promising biopolyester with good mechanical properties and biodegradability. Large-scale production of PHBV is still hindered by the high production cost. CRISPR/Cas9 method was used to engineer the TCA cycle in Halomonas bluephagenesis on its chromosome for production of PHBV from glucose as a sole carbon source. Two TCA cycle related genes sdhE and icl encoding succinate dehydrogenase assembly factor 2 and isocitrate lysase were deleted, respectively, in H. bluephagenesis TD08AB containing PHBV synthesis genes on the chromosome, to channel more flux to increase the 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) ratio of PHBV. Due to a poor growth behavior of the mutant strains, H. bluephagenesis TY194 equipped with a medium strength Pporin-194 promoter was selected for further studies. The sdhE and/or icl mutant strains of H. bluephagenesis TY194 were constructed to show enhanced cell growth, PHBV synthesis and 3HV molar ratio. Gluconate was used to activate ED pathway and thus TCA cycle to increase 3HV content. H. bluephagenesis TY194 (ΔsdhEΔicl) was found to synthesize 17mol% 3HV in PHBV. Supported by the synergetic function of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and Vitreoscilla hemoglobin encoded by genes ppc and vgb inserted into the chromosome of H. bluephagenesis TY194 (ΔsdhE) serving to enhance TCA cycle activity, a series of strains were generated that could produce PHBV containing 3-18mol% 3HV using glucose as a sole carbon source. Shake flask studies showed that H. bluephagenesis TY194 (ΔsdhE, G7::Pporin-ppc) produced 6.3 g/L cell dry weight (CDW), 65% PHBV in CDW and 25mol% 3HV in PHBV when grown in glucose and gluconate. 25mol% 3HV was the highest reported via chromosomal expression system. PHBV copolymers with different 3HV molar ratios were extracted and characterized. Next-generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB) based on recombinant H. bluephagenesis grown under unsterile and continuous conditions, allows production of P(3HB-0∼25mol% 3HV) in a convenient way with reduced production complexity and cost.
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12
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Yarrowia lipolytica application as a prospective approach for biosynthesis of pyruvic acid from glycerol. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Evolutionary engineering of industrial microorganisms-strategies and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4615-4627. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Liu M, Cao Z. Regulation of NADH Oxidase Expression via a Thermo-regulated Genetic Switch for Pyruvate Production in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-017-0290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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15
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Wang M, Chen B, Fang Y, Tan T. Cofactor engineering for more efficient production of chemicals and biofuels. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:1032-1039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Improvement of pyruvate production based on regulation of intracellular redox state in engineered Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-017-0061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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17
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Yang M, Mu T, Zhong W, Olajuyin A, Xing J. Analysis of gluconate metabolism for pyruvate production in engineeredEscherichia colibased on genome-wide transcriptomes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:165-172. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering; Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - T. Mu
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering; Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - W. Zhong
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - A.M. Olajuyin
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - J. Xing
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering; Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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Switch on a more efficient pyruvate synthesis pathway based on transcriptome analysis and metabolic evolution. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 124:523-527. [PMID: 28669527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the decrease of intracellular NADH availability, gluconate metabolism is more conducive to pyruvate production than glucose. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway was activated by gluconate in Escherichia coli YP211 (MG1655 ΔldhA ΔpflB Δpta-ackA ΔpoxB Δppc ΔfrdBC). To construct a new pyruvate producing strain with glucose metabolism via ED pathway, the genes ppsA, ptsG, pgi and gnd were deleted sequentially to reduce the demand for PEP and block the Embden-Meyerhor-Parnas pathway and Pentose-Phosphate pathway. After nearly 1000 generations of growth-based selection, the evolved strain YP404 was isolated and the ED pathway was proved to be activated as the primary glycolytic pathway. Comparing with YP211, the pyruvate concentration and yield increased by 59% and 10.1%, respectively. In fed-batch fermentation, the pyruvate concentration reached 83.5 g l-1 with a volumetric productivity of 2.3 g l-1 h-1. This was the first time to produce pyruvate via ED pathway, and prove that this was a more effective way.
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19
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Yang M, Zhang X. Construction of pyruvate producing strain with intact pyruvate dehydrogenase and genome-wide transcription analysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:59. [PMID: 28243982 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To obtain strain YP211 with a high tendency for accumulating pyruvate, central metabolic pathways were modified in Escherichia coli MG1655. Specifically, seven genes (ldhA, pflB, pta-ackA, poxB, ppc, frdBC) were knocked out sequentially and full pyruvate dehydrogenase was retained. In batch fermentation with M9 medium, pyruvate yield and production rate reached 0.63 g/g glucose and 1.89 g/(1 h), respectively. Meanwhile, the production of acetate, succinate, and other carboxylates was effectively controlled. To understand the physiological observations, we further completed genome-wide transcription analysis of wild-type and YP211. As the acetic acid pathways were blocked, the pathways of convertion of pyruvate to phosphoenol pyruvate and acetyl CoA were enhanced. The transcription of pck, as an alternative gene for ppc, was increased by 2.6 times. So even if gene ppc was inactivated, the tricarboxylic acid pathway was still enhanced in YP211. In order to balance intracellular NADH/NAD+, oxidative phosphorylation and flagellar assembly system were also up-regulated significantly. Biochemical pathways involved in pyruvate accumulation in YP211 (a). Transcriptional differences of genes related to pyruvate metabolism between strain YP211 and E. coli wild-type (b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohua Yang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 202 North Industrial Road, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
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21
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Zhang B, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Wang D, Sun L, Hong J. Engineered Kluyveromyces marxianus for pyruvate production at elevated temperature with simultaneous consumption of xylose and glucose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:553-562. [PMID: 27955868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Xylose and glucose from lignocellulose are sustainable sources for production of pyruvate, which is the starting material for the synthesis of many drugs and agrochemicals. In this study, the pyruvate decarboxylase gene (KmPDC1) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (KmGPD1) of Kluyveromyces marxianus YZJ051 were disrupted to prevent ethanol and glycerol accumulation. The deficient growth of PDC disruption was rescued by overexpressing mutant KmMTH1-ΔT. Then pentose phosphate pathway and xylitol dehydrogenase SsXYL2-ARS genes were overexpressed to obtain strain YZB053 which produced pyruvate with xylose other than glucose. It produced 24.62g/L pyruvate from 80g/L xylose with productivity of 0.51g/L/h at 42°C. Then, xylose-specific transporter ScGAL2-N376F was overexpressed to obtain strain YZB058, which simultaneously consumed 40g/L glucose and 20g/L xylose and produced 29.21g/L pyruvate with productivity of 0.81g/L/h at 42°C. Therefore, a platform for pyruvate production from glucose and xylose at elevated temperature was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Yelin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, PR China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Lianhong Sun
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Jiong Hong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China.
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Xu G, Wu M, Jiang L. Site-saturation engineering of proline 474 in pyruvate carboxylase from Rhizopus oryzae to elevate fumaric acid production in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Kandasamy V, Liu J, Dantoft SH, Solem C, Jensen PR. Synthesis of (3R)-acetoin and 2,3-butanediol isomers by metabolically engineered Lactococcus lactis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36769. [PMID: 27857195 PMCID: PMC5114678 DOI: 10.1038/srep36769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential that lies in harnessing the chemical synthesis capabilities inherent in living organisms is immense. Here we demonstrate how the biosynthetic machinery of Lactococcus lactis, can be diverted to make (3R)-acetoin and the derived 2,3-butanediol isomers meso-(2,3)-butanediol (m-BDO) and (2R,3R)-butanediol (R-BDO). Efficient production of (3R)-acetoin was accomplished using a strain where the competing lactate, acetate and ethanol forming pathways had been blocked. By introducing different alcohol dehydrogenases into this strain, either EcBDH from Enterobacter cloacae or SadB from Achromobacter xylosooxidans, it was possible to achieve high-yield production of m-BDO or R-BDO respectively. To achieve biosustainable production of these chemicals from dairy waste, we transformed the above strains with the lactose plasmid pLP712. This enabled efficient production of (3R)-acetoin, m-BDO and R-BDO from processed whey waste, with titers of 27, 51, and 32 g/L respectively. The corresponding yields obtained were 0.42, 0.47 and 0.40 g/g lactose, which is 82%, 89%, and 76% of maximum theoretical yield respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that L. lactis is an excellent choice as a cell factory for transforming lactose containing dairy waste into value added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianming Liu
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shruti Harnal Dantoft
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Solem
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Ruhdal Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Song Y, Li J, Shin HD, Liu L, Du G, Chen J. Biotechnological production of alpha-keto acids: Current status and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 219:716-724. [PMID: 27575335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-keto (α-keto) acids are used widely in feeds, food additives, pharmaceuticals, and in chemical synthesis processes. Although most α-keto acids are currently produced by chemical synthesis, their biotechnological production from renewable carbohydrates is a promising new approach. In this mini-review, we first present the different types of α-keto acids as well as their applications; next, we summarize the recent progresses in the biotechnological production of some important α-keto acids; namely, pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, α-ketoisovalerate, α-ketoisocaproate, phenylpyruvate, α-keto-γ-methylthiobutyrate, and 2,5-diketo-d-gluconate. Finally, we discuss the future prospects as well as favorable directions for the biotechnological production of keto acids that ultimately would be more environment-friendly and simpler compared with the production by chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hyun-Dong Shin
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, USA
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Chen B, Lee DY, Chang MW. Combinatorial metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for terminal alkene production. Metab Eng 2015; 31:53-61. [PMID: 26164646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biological production of terminal alkenes has garnered a significant interest due to their industrial applications such as lubricants, detergents and fuels. Here, we engineered the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce terminal alkenes via a one-step fatty acid decarboxylation pathway and improved the alkene production using combinatorial engineering strategies. In brief, we first characterized eight fatty acid decarboxylases to enable and enhance alkene production. We then increased the production titer 7-fold by improving the availability of the precursor fatty acids. We additionally increased the titer about 5-fold through genetic cofactor engineering and gene expression tuning in rich medium. Lastly, we further improved the titer 1.8-fold to 3.7 mg/L by optimizing the culturing conditions in bioreactors. This study represents the first report of terminal alkene biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae, and the abovementioned combinatorial engineering approaches collectively increased the titer 67.4-fold. We envision that these approaches could provide insights into devising engineering strategies to improve the production of fatty acid-derived biochemicals in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
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Liang Q, Qi Q. From a co-production design to an integrated single-cell biorefinery. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1328-1335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yan D, Wang C, Zhou J, Liu Y, Yang M, Xing J. Construction of reductive pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for effective succinic acid fermentation at low pH value. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 156:232-9. [PMID: 24508660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Succinic acid is an important precursor for the synthesis of high-value-added products. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a suitable platform for succinic acid production because of its high tolerance towards acidity. In this study, a modified pathway for succinate production was established and investigated in S. cerevisiae. The engineered strain could produce up to 6.17±0.34g/L of succinate through the constructed pathway. The succinate titer was further improved to 8.09±0.28g/L by the deletion of GPD1 and even higher to 9.98±0.23g/L with a yield of 0.32mol/mol glucose through regulation of biotin and urea levels. Under optimal supplemental CO2 conditions in a bioreactor, the engineered strain produced 12.97±0.42g/L succinate with a yield of 0.21mol/mol glucose at pH 3.8. These results demonstrated that the proposed engineering strategy was efficient for succinic acid production at low pH value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojiang Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 353, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Caixia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 353, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jiemin Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 353, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yilan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 353, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Maohua Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 353, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jianmin Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 353, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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Buijs NA, Siewers V, Nielsen J. Advanced biofuel production by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:480-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Jiang LY, Chen SG, Zhang YY, Liu JZ. Metabolic evolution of Corynebacterium glutamicum for increased production of L-ornithine. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:47. [PMID: 23725060 PMCID: PMC3681597 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background L-ornithine is effective in the treatment of liver diseases and helps strengthen the heart. The commercial applications mean that efficient biotechnological production of L-ornithine has become increasingly necessary. Adaptive evolution strategies have been proven a feasible and efficient technique to achieve improved cellular properties without requiring metabolic or regulatory details of the strain. The evolved strains can be further optimised by metabolic engineering. Thus, metabolic evolution strategy was used for engineering Corynebacterium glutamicum to enhance L-ornithine production. Results A C. glutamicum strain was engineered by using a combination of gene deletions and adaptive evolution with 70 passages of growth-based selection. The metabolically evolved C. glutamicum strain, named ΔAPE6937R42, produced 24.1 g/L of L-ornithine in a 5-L bioreactor. The mechanism used by C. glutamicum ΔAPE6937R42 to produce L-ornithine was investigated by analysing transcriptional levels of select genes and NADPH contents. The upregulation of the transcription levels of genes involved in the upstream pathway of glutamate biosynthesis and the elevated NADPH concentration caused by the upregulation of the transcriptional level of the ppnK gene promoted L-ornithine production in C. glutamicum ΔAPE6937R42. Conclusions The availability of NADPH plays an important role in L-ornithine production in C. glutamicum. Our results demonstrated that the combination of growth-coupled evolution with analysis of transcript abundances provides a strategy to engineer microbial strains for improving production of target compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yan Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Centre and Biomedicine Centre, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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